DISASTER MANAGEMENT -GENERAL

1. WELCOME TO THE PRESENTATION ON
DISASTER MANAGEMENT.
MAHESWARI JAIKUMAR

2. DISASTER.
Any occurrence that causes damage
ecological disruption, loss of human
life or deterioration of health &
health services on a scale sufficient
to warrant & extraordinary
response from outside the affected
community or area.

3. HAZARD
Is defined as “Any phanomenon that has
potential to cause disruption or damage
to people and their environment.

4. SCOPE
• Disasters are not confined but occur any
where any time in the world.
• Disasters are closely associated with
population explosion and increased usage
of natural resources.
• With every disaster, more number of
casualties are involved

5. • Disasters affect the health and well
being of people.
• Disasters result in displacement or
killing or injuring large number of
people.
• Disaster eventually results in
economic harm, harm to existing
infrastructure and hamper
sustainable development.

6. TYPES OF DISASTER
• NATURAL DISASTER
• MAN MADE DISASTERS

7. NATURAL DISASTER
• Earth quakes
• Cyclones
• Floods
• Tidal waves
• Land slides
• Volcanic eruptions
• Tornadoes
• Fires
• Hurricanes
• Snow storms
• Severe air pollution
• Heat waves
• Famines
• Epidemics
• Building collapse
• Toxicological
accidents
• Nuclear accidents
and warfare

8. MAN MADE DISASTERS
• SUDDEN DISASTERS------Bhopal gas tragedy
• INSIDIOUS DISASTERS--------Chemical
exposure, insidious, nuclear exposure
• WAR & CIVIL CONFLICTS-Twin buildings of
World Trade Center

9. EFFECTS OF DISASTER
• Injuries
• Emotional stress
• Epidemics
• Increase in indigenous disease
• Damage to health facilities
• Damage to water systems
• Food shortage
• Major population movements

10. INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES PROVIDING HEALTH
& HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE - DISASTER
• United Nation’s Office for the
coordination of humanitarian
affairs. (OCHA)
• World Health Organization
• UNICEF
• Food & Agriculture Organization
• European Committee
Humanitarians Office (ECHO)

11. • Center for coordination for
prevention of Natural Disasters in
Central America
• Carribean Disaster Emergency
Response Agency.
• NGOs-CERE, International Council of
Voluntary agencies IFRC(Internation
Federation of Red Cross

12. STATUS IN INDIA
• Indian Meteorological Department – 5 centers
• Kolkata
• Bhuvaneshwar
• Vishakapatanam
• Chennai
• Mumbai
• 31 SPECIAL OBSERVATION POSTS SET UP - EAST
COST
• INSAT Disaster Warning System – TN,AP
• SNOW & Avalanche Study Establishment – SASE.
Manali
CYCLONE WARNING
CENTERS

13. DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
COMPONENTS
• Disaster response
• Disaster preparedness
• Disaster mitigation

14. Diagrammatic Representation –
Management Sequence
Risk reduction phase
before disaster
Preparedness
Mitigation
Response
Rehabilitation
Reconstruction
disaster
Recovery phase after disaster

15. DISASTER IMPACT & RESPONSE
• Search, Rescue, & first aid
• Field Care – Health Needs, Injury management,
center for enquiry, Priority for identification, &
Mortuary space
• Triage – Classification of Injury & Management
modality
• ________________A color Code System
• ________________Red – High priority treatment
• ________________Yellow Medium priority
• ________________Green – Ambulatory patients
• ________________Black – Moribund & dead patients

16. • Tagging – All patients should be identified
with tag
• (Tag – Name, Place of origin, Triage
category, diagnosis and Initial treatment)
• Identification of dead, as follows –
Removal of dead from disaster scene
• ------ shifting to the mortuary
• ------Identification
• Reception of the bereaved relatives
• Proper respect for the dead

17. RELIEF PHASE.
• When assistance from outside starts to
reach disaster area
• Relief supplies are determined by type of
disaster type and quantity of supplies
locally available
• Health needs during relief include----health
supplies food supplies, blankets, clothing,
shelter, sanitary engineering equipment &
construction material

18. PRINCIPLE COMPONENTS IN
MANAGING HUMANITARIAN SUPPLY
• Acquisition of supplies
• Transportation
• Storage
• Distribution

19. III. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE
& DISEASE CONTROL
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES ARE TRANSMITTED
DURING DISASTER DUE TO
• Over crowding & poor sanitation in temporary re-
settlements.
• Population displacement may lead to
introduction of communicable diseases to the
indigenous population or the migrant population.

20. • Disruption & contamination of water supplies
are common in natural disaster
• There is routine disruption of routine control
prog work as funds & personnel are diverted
• Ecological changes favour breeding of
vectors & increase the vector population
density
• Zoonosis can be transmitted
• Provision of emergency food, water & shelter
in disaster situation may it self be a source
of infectious disease

21. IV VACCINATION
• Health Authorities concentrate on vaccination for
typhoid, cholera & tetanus
V. NUTRITION
• Assess food supplies after disaster
• Gauge the nutritional needs of the population
• Budget food rationing
• Monitor nutritional status of the affected
population

22. VI. REHABILITATION
• Rehabilitation starts from the time
of a disaster
• Following the first week of the
disaster the pattern of health needs
will change rapidly
• The focus change to needs such as
water supplies food and safety, basic
sanitation 7 personal hygiene, vector
control

23. WATER SUPPLY
THE FOCUL SHOULD BE ON,
• Physical integrity of the system components
• Re assuring capacities
• Bacteriological and chemical quality of the
water supplies
• Chlorination, increase the residual chlorine
0.7mg/l
• Repair & disinfections of mains, reservoirs &
other units
• Check for chemical contamination & toxicity

24. PROTECT THE NEW WATER SUPPLIES
AS FOLLOWS
• Restrict access to peoples and animals
• Ensure adequate excreta disposal away
from the water source
• Prohibit cleansing activities near the water
source
• Upgrade well to ensure prevention of
contamination
• Estimate the maximum yield of the wells,
if necessary ration the water supply

25. FOOD SUPPLY
• Maintain & monitor kitchen hygiene
• Maintain the hygiene of te food handlers
BASIC SANITATION & PERSONAL HYGIENE
• Emegency latrines should be made available
VECTOR CONTROL
• Intensify vector control programme & interventions

26. DISASTER MITIGATION IN
HEALTH SECTOR.
MITIGATION WORK INVOLVES
• Flood mitigation works
• Appropriate land use planning
• Improved building codes
• Reduction or protection of vulnerable
population & structures
• Improving the structural quality of the
public & private building
• Improvin & standardizing health facilities
and water supplies, sewerage system

27. DISASTER PREPAREDNES
• Is a long term activity
• The disaster preparedness should bring about an
orderly transition from relief, recovery &
sustained development
• The objective of disaster preparedness is to
ensure appropriate system & to manage
emergency
• Disaster preparedness should be individual,
community, state’s responsibility
• Disaster preparedness is an on going
multisectorial activity

28. COMPONENTS OF DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS
• Evaluation of the risk of the country to disaster
• Adopt standards & regulations
• Organize communication, information & warning
system
• Ensure co ordination & response mechanism
• Evolve strategy for finance
• Develop public education programme
• Co ordinate information services with news media
• Organize disaster simulation exercises aiming at
testing response mechanisms
• Develop policy relevant to disaster mitigation &
management

29. NURSES ROLE
• Develop policy related to disaster mitigation &
preparedness
• Co ordinate with NGO in organizing & carrying out
disaster mitigation
• Mobilize manage & allocate resources. (MMMTT)
• Co ordinate with allied sectors in planning and
implementing disaster management intervention
• Organize workshops & conferences on disaster
mitigation disaster preparedness, disaster to
health personnel, general public, policy makers &
NGO & voluntary health agencies.
• Design health education materials regarding
disaster & management

30. • Design curriculum incorporating disaster
management in various health & secular
curriculum
• Conduct CEP / CNEP aimed at updating the
knowledge of health personnel
• Incorporate the concept of disaster
preparedness & management in PHC & in the
root levels of the health care system
• Organize relief services during disaster
• Conduct research in specified areas &
disseminate research findings to enhance the
knowledge of disaster management
• Identify researchable areas & promote research
inquiry & gather knowledge in this area
• Pool grant – in – Aid & manage the same
appropriately

31. • Maintain epidemiological profile of disaster &
disaster related health events in the community
• Act as liaison & team leader in the disaster
mitigation / management team
• Monitor the integrity of ecological system &
ecological balance
• Undertake conservative practices to maintain
the homeostasis & equilibrium of the ecology
• Draw codes for harnessing natural resources
• Evaluate the existing policy & re-implement the
disaster oriented programme
• Chalk out disaster management & mitigation
programme at all levels.

32. • Develop models of field work in case of
disasters
• Chalk out strategies depending on the
nature of disaster
• Develop disaster proof system &
structures in the community
• Develop & monitor DISASTER WARNING
SYSTEM
• Sensitize the community on the
management of disaster preparedness,
disaster response & mitigation services.