First Individual Slide in Civil Engineering Department. The Course Name: Details of Construction Presentation about A brief introduction to Retaining Wall,Cofferdam and Caisson. There types and how it works.

1. Port City International University
(Department of CIVIL
ENGINEERING)
SUBJECT: DETAILS OF CIVIL CONSTRUCTION
NAME:MUTHMAYEEN MOHSIN
ID:CEN 00505249

2. Subjects of My Presentation:
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Retaining Wall
Cofferdam
Caisson

3. Retaining Wall
Retaining walls are
structures design to
restrain soil to
unnatural slopes.
They are used to
bound soils in areas
where the landscape
needs to be shaped
severely.

4. Types of retaining wall

5. Gravity Wall
Gravity Wall is
Standard wall
type that holds
the earth
mainly through
its own weight.
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6. Piling Wall
 Using long piles this
wall is fixed by soil on
both sides.If the pile
themselves can resist
the bending forces
this wall can take high
loads.
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7. Cantilever Wall
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The cantilever wall
uses the same earth
pressure trying to
topple it to stabilize
itself with a second
lever arm.

8. Anchored Wall
This wall keeps it
from toppling by
having cables
driven into the
soil or rock.Fixed
by expanding
anchors.
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9. Gravity
Retaining Walls
Gravity walls depend
on their mass (stone,
concrete or other
heavy material) to
resist pressure from
behind.

10. Sheet piling
 Sheet pile retaining
walls are usually
used in soft soils
and tight spaces.
 Sheet pile walls are
made out of steel,
vinyl or wood
planks which are
driven into the
ground.

11. Cofferdam
A cofferdam (also called a
coffer) is a temporary
enclosure built in pairs
across, a body of water and
constructed to allow the
enclosed area to be pumped
out, creating a dry work
environment for the major
work to proceed.

12. Types Of Cofferdam
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(a) Earthen cofferdam
(b) Rock-fill cofferdam
(c) Single-walled cofferdam
(d) Double-walled cofferdam
(e) Crib cofferdam
(f) Cellular cofferdam

13. Earthen Rockfill
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14. Single Walled Double Walled
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15. Cellular: (i) Circular type cellular cofferdam.
(ii) Diaphragm type cellular cofferdam.
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16. Crib Cofferdam
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17. Dam Construction
For the Dam
construction, two
cofferdams are
usually built, one
upstream and one
downstream of the
proposed dam.

18. Cofferdam in Ship
 The cofferdam is also
used on occasion in the
shipbuilding and ship
repair industry. In some
cases a ship is actually
cut in two while still in
the water, and a new
section of ship is floated
in to lengthen the ship.

19. Portable cofferdams:
 Portable cofferdams are
inflatable cofferdams that
can be reused.
 Cofferdams of this type
are stretched across the
site,Then inflated with
water from the
prospected dry area.

20. How Cofferdam Works
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21. Caisson
 In geotechnical engineering,
A caisson is a watertight
retaining structure used.
For example,
 To work on the foundations
of a bridge pier, for the
construction of a concrete
dam,or for the repair of ships.
 These are constructed such
that the water can be
pumped out, keeping the
working environment dry.

22. Types
The three main types of
caisson are :
Open
Box
Pneumatic caisson

23. Open Caisson
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This type of caisson
has the distinction of
being employed for
the deepest
foundation for, bridge
piers, abutments and
other similar
structures.

24. Box Caisson
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This type of caisson is
similar to open caisson
except that it is closed
at bottom. The caisson
is cast and cured on
land and when
required, it is launched
in water and towed to
the site for sinking

25. Pneumatic Caisson
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This type of caisson is
closed at top and open
(during construction) at
the bottom. The water is
excluded from the
caisson chamber by
means of compressed air.

26. Dangers encountered in pressurized caissons
 Caisson disease has been
named since it appeared in
construction workers when
they left the compressed
atmosphere of the caisson.
 Construction of the Brooklyn
Bridge, which was built with the
help of caissons, resulted in
numerous workers being either
killed or permanently injured
by caisson disease during its
construction.

27. Other uses
 Caissons have also
been used in the
installation of
hydraulic elevators
where a single-stage
ram is installed
below the ground
level.

28. How caissons work
 Shallow caissons may be open
to the air, whereas pneumatic
caissons, which penetrate soft
mud, are sealed at the top and
filled with compressed air to
keep water and mud out at depth.
Then an airlock allows access to
the chamber. Workers move mud
and rock debris (called muck)
from the edge of the workspace
to a water-filled pit, connected
by a tube (called the muck tube)
to the surface. A crane at the
surface removes the soil with a
clamshell bucket.

29. How Caisson Works
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30. Conclusion