Marxism And Communism

Marxism And Communism
In the western world, people view communism as a conquered historical ideology, but communism
continues to influence the world today. China, the fourth largest country on the earth, displays the
label of communism today. Communism is a 'classless' ideology in which all property is owned by a
large community and each person receives according to their needs and abilities. Communism is a
set of ideas including several different variations and schemes on the philosophy. However, the most
accepted and relevant initial theory was first created by Karl Marx (5th May 1818 to 14th March
1883), who is also known as the father of communism. The main theory of communism, created by
Karl Marx, is the theory that was and is utilized by many countries. ... Show more content on
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This is due to the fact that communists believe that there should be no division in social class and
hierarchy. A negative impact of communism on a country's society is that it does not recognise
individual talent. During the mid nineteenth century after communism has took over china, many
individuals were arguing that their field of their talent (such as art, music, agricultural skills etc.)
was not being seen and recognised by anyone in society. This is believed to be a trigger for the 1959
Tibetan uprising protests (which occurred just ten years after china was under communist rule) in
China against a communist party rule. Therefore, communism has had a major impact on a country's
society as a whole.
Another way Communism has impacted the society is by altering culture. An example is the Soviet
Union at the beginning of the cold war. During the cold war, Joseph Stalin (18th December 1878 to
5th March 1953) attempt to enforce communist culture within the society was by altering people's
perspective of beliefs. Joseph Stalin and other communist leaders believed that the decisive factor in
the world to win a war was power, and that power was ultimately the power to dominate and coerce
by superior pressure rather than the power to persuade or to engage cooperatively. They defined
international society by its distribution of power, and they saw the opportunity for the Soviet Union
as more to contend for domination than to
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Marxism in the Media Essay
Marxism in the Media
"To my distress and perhaps to my delight, I order things in accordance with my passions. I put in
my pictures everything I like. So much worse for the things–they have to get along with one
another."
––Pablo Picasso
(Berman 1)
The above quote raises some interesting questions one must consider about the mass media. What
decides which messages the media portrays to the consumer? What must a medium contain that
makes us want to watch it? Maybe the artists just make what interests them. Or perhaps the
messages are simply used for entertainment and are based on what sells or what is popular. This is
true to an extent but this is merely a scratch in the surface of these burning questions. There are ...
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Because of their underprivileged status, they were very susceptible to being manipulated. They
lacked the knowledge to think for themselves, so they bought in to the status quo that was generated
by the upper class. Economism, or vulgar Marxism, is a key feature in explaining the media's role
according to Marx. This is also referred to as the base/superstructure model. In economism, "the
economic base of society is seen as determining everything else in the superstructure, including
social, political, and intellectual consciousness." (Marxist Media Theory 1) This maintains that the
media is used as the base of society. Society is referred to as the superstructure. Clearly, media
shapes society even today. Since consumers rely on the media for information and entertainment,
(ex. Television and radio new, magazines, newspapers, Internet), they are shaped by whatever forms
of media they chose to be an audience to. The media manipulates everything from popular fashion to
the food people consume.
Media can also be seen as a means of production according to the Marxist school of thought. It
simply disseminates the ideas of the ruling class and defuses any alternatives. This creates a
perception of popular culture that is really only based on one group's opinion.
"The class which has the means of material production at its disposal has control at the same time
over the means of mental

Marxism and Structuralism
Marxism and Structuralism:
Marx  concerned with causes of conflict in society and believed that it was the result of struggle
between different socio–economic classes.
saying capitalism as a bondage from which people strive to be liberated.
Theory of history based on historical materialism, where the system of economic production
determined structures of society. All history was the history of class struggle between a ruling group,
from which [came] a new economic, political and social system.
Before capitalism, ownership of land formed the basis of political power – feudalism, followed by
Capitalism which also contained the seeds of its own destruction.
Capitalism built on principles of private ownership and the pursuit of ... Show more content on
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The solution was to invest in what became know as" the Third World and the result was
imperialism. For Hobson, imperialism did not benefit the country as a whole but only a selected
group of industrialists and financiers.
Lenin's regarded Imperialism as the highest stage of Capitalism – was interested to explain "the
necessity for capitalist exploitation of lesser developed countries and the causes of war among
advanced capitalist states". Also accepted that underconcumption and overproduction caused
capitalists to look for markets in the less developed states and to engage in Imperialism. Lenin also
believed that imperialist policies reflected the existence of monopoly and finance capital.
"capitalism had developed such that oligopolies and monopolies controlled the key sectors of the
economy", pushing out the smaller and bleeding the domestic markets dry and so this led to the need
to look elsewhere for investment opportunities.
Marx believed that the growth of proletarian consciousness would result in revolution within
capitalist countries. But for Lenin, imperialism explained why Marx's revolution had failed to come
about. The tensions within capitalism still existed but Imperialism provided the capitalists with a
breathing space.
Dependency Theory: Prominence in the 1960s – coincided with decolonization process. Cold War

Metamorphosis Marxism Essay
Franz Kafka's novella Metamorphosis directly correlates to Marx's criticism of human society.
Marxism views literary works as a social institution bases on where they originate. The novella
opens with the transformation of Gregor into a vermin. Although the transformation may seem
absurd, it directly parallels to his actually representation in society. Marxism emphasized that
society separates the rich and poor, rendering the working class constantly trying to meet the
standards of a capitalist society. The novella delinates the ideas of Marxism through his relationship
with the bourgeoisie, his responsibility to his family, and his isolation from society.
The relationship between Gregor and his supervisor resembles the ideas presented in ... Show more
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The ideas of Marxist relating to his work revolve around the theme of alienation. Marx's noted that
"work is external to the worker" and " does not form part of his essential being so that instead of
feeling well in his work, he feels unhappy, instead of developing his free physical and mental
energy, he abuses his body and ruins his mind" (Communist Manifesto) Gregor is isolated from
society because he is mostly concerned in his work as a traveling salesman. Essentially, Gregor is a
working "bug" thus, his physical transformation into a vermin ceases to change his enjoyment of
life. As a traveling salesman, he is under the control of a supervisor that views him as a means of
production which directly correlates to Marx's criticisms of middle class who work relentlessly for
nothing. Consistently Gregor continues to isolate himself even before his transformation because of
his focus on a job that provides an income that is solely directed towards his family. His
transformation into a vermin results in the complete alienation from society, because he is physically
unable to connect with other human beings because he is not

Marxism: The Positive And Negative Outcomes Of Marxism
This essay will discuss Karl Marx (1818–1883) and his theory Marxism. This essay will discuss the
history of Marxism, how it was created and the positive and negative outcomes of Marxism. It will
highlight key factures and issues regarding Marxism and how it was intended to be used when
created. The term Marxism can be defined as Central to Marxist theory is an explanation of social
change in terms of economic factors, according to which the means of production provide the
economic base which influences or determines the political and ideological superstructure (Oxford
Dictionaries, 2014). Marxism was a contributing factor with regards to sociology despite Marx work
being unscientific, this essay will show how this theory may have worked in ... Show more content
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Marx stated capitalism was a form of alienation and due to the unequal relationships with regards
capitalists and workers they could not reach their full potential (IPA, 1992:12). Alienation was
regarded as meaningless and had turned workers from workers that had a job and task to do into
working machines. This means workers are unable to achieve fulfilment, meaning and satisfaction in
their jobs due to alienation. Marx believed there was four ways in which capitalism could and
successfully alienated the working class. Firstly the workers were given and told the ways in which
product was produced. The workers would be alienated the product, and also any other co–workers.
Then lastly alienation from human potential (Macionis & Plummer

The Bolsheviks and Marxism
Analyzing the Bolshevik State compared to Marxism can be difficult because Marx, Engels and
their followers gave relatively little thought to what the state would look like after a socialist
revolution. Engels famously wrote, "the state is not 'abolished,' it withers away," which highlights
the hazy and unfixed nature of Marx and Engle's writings on the ultimate, classless society they
envisioned. Further, what they did write is subject to the differing interpretations by numerous
socialist parties all claiming to be Marxist. As discussed earlier, Lenin claimed he simply reshaped
Marxism to fit the conditions of Russia. Others argue his interpretation was not true Marxism at all.
However, the basic principles of a socialist state in the eyes of Marx's are outlined in the Communist
Manifesto as follows: 1. Abolition of property in land and application of all rents of land to public
purposes.
2. A heavy progressive or graduated income tax.
3. Abolition of all rights of inheritance.
4. Confiscation of the property of all emigrants and rebels.
5. Centralization of credit in the hands of the state, by means of a national bank with State capital
and an exclusive monopoly.
6. Centralization of the means of communication and transport in the hands of the State.
7. Extension of factories and instruments of production owned by the State; the bringing into
cultivation of waste–lands, and the improvement of the soil generally in accordance with a common
plan.
8.

Marxism
Ishan Soni
Mr. Marr
English 12
May 25, 2015
Marxism are set of views acknowledged by many individuals and a lot of views presented in works
of other authors are often compared to the ideas that of Karl Marx. Here, the idea presented by
George Bernard Shaw in his play is compared to Marx's ideas on Marxism and social hierarchy
relationship. There exists a relationship between the viewpoints of Karl Marx and George Bernard
Shaw in the play Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw. The interpretation of the social hierarchy by
each author disagrees with one another. With these circumstances, Marxist theorists will admonish
the idea portrayed in the play because of contradicting interpretation that ... Show more content on
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This is where the major contradiction occurs between the two ideas. The two classes should never
have a peaceful relationship according to Marx. However, readers of the play may argue that Eliza
and Higgins stop working together and conflict later on so that supports the theory of class struggle
by Marxism. But when the two characters conflict with each other it's not because of class struggle
or anything related to hierarchy, it's because of Eliza not accepting Higgins as a teacher as Higgins
starts mistreating her so rather Eliza gives the credit for her transformation to Colonel Pickering and
have constant arguments with Higgins now that she have learned the dialect of a higher class. "Mrs
Higgins. I'm afraid you've spoiled that girl, Henry." Eliza can also be seen as spoiled because of all
those higher class ways and lifestyle she just adapted to. This type of conflict can be related to a
house dispute and doesn't show a behavior of lower class revolting against higher class to gain
rights. "Liza. That's not true. He treats a flower girl as if she was a duchess. Higgins. And I treat a
duchess as if she was a flower girl." "Higgins. The question is not whether I treat you rudely, but
whether you ever heard me treat anyone else better." As for Higgins's personality, he always treats
people with rudeness so

Applied Marxism Essay
Liberalism is a theory that claims to have certain benefits that it does not provide. Karl Marx
believes that the founders have liberalism did not understand that human nature and predicted the
actions of society incorrectly. Marx uses history to explain what needs to happen in the future, his
interpretation of human nature is more accurate. Marx decides to write the Communist Manifesto to
apply Marxism for Communism is only applied Marxism. The Manifesto gives a summary of
Communism so that it can be better understood and can be applied. Marx explains the history of
classes and often states that the Liberalist view is incorrect in their studies, Marx's theories are more
accurate and provide better understanding of the current situation. ... Show more content on
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Poets, writers and political scientists studied the Industrial Revolution and found that many aspects
were not what was predicted. Many believed the free market gave opportunity to everyone, even the
poor, but really it only made the rich richer and the poor poorer. The middle class began to become
more wealthy and the gap between the rich and poor increased greatly. The free market creates a
mindset that everyone is for themselves and you need to fight for yourself only. This gives an
advantage to those who have more to begin with and doesn't allow the less fortunate to become rich
or successful. As this continues to happen, the lower class or the Proletariat class will grow larger. In
the Communist Manifesto Marx uses the second chapter to relate Communists and Proletariats.
Marx states that there are three goals of Communists. The first is to form the Proletariats into a
class. The second is to overthrow the Bourgeois supremacy and the third is to gain all political
power. Through these three steps a Communist state would be instituted and the nation could begin
the other steps of establishing a just society. The most radical part about transferring to a Communist
state is overthrowing the Bourgeois supremacy because this can create chaos and fear. Marx feels it
is the most necessary part and nothing can happen without it happening. After the revolution several
steps are taken to insure the Communist state. The first begins with the

Marxism In Hamlet
Marxism in Shakespeare's Hamlet
"Between 1983 and 2010, 74% of the gains in wealth in the United States. went to the richest 5%,
while the bottom 60% suffered a decline, the EPI calculated"(Schuman). German philosopher Karl
Marx believes all historical change comes from class struggles and studies the society. The Marxist
lens deals with the differences of the social classes and their effects on society as a whole. It has the
upper classes fighting to keep their power and the lower classes fighting for power. In Hamlet
through the Marxist lens, the powerful, powerless, and the society it produces from, help reveal
social class issues.
The wealthy and powerful are known as the bourgeoisie.They control the money in the society by
owning the means of production. This allows them to be able to manipulate politics, government,
education, art, and media. The bourgeoisie also show off their possessions which reflects their
wealth. The bourgeoisie uses this to keep the lower classes beneath them. Whenever a person from
the lower classes gain something, the upper class try to find something bigger and better to keep the
oppressed. It seems that it is easy to keep their power since they always put the lower classes
beneath them, however, the bourgeoisie do struggle to obtain it after gaining it. Sometimes people
get jealous of other powerful people and want to take it from them like Claudius does when he
admits "...for which I did the murder–/ My crown, mine own ambition, and my

Marxism In Animal Farm
The Soviet Union went through a revolution in the mid to late 1800's because they wanted a more
equal society where everyone fit under one class. Educated revolutionaries were inspired by the idea
of Marxism by Karl Marx. There was a Communist government established after the revolution that
quickly became corrupt under the rule of Joseph Stalin. Animal Farm by George Orwell illustrates
the struggles of Russians during this time period through a farm with strong political figures as well
as other corrupt governments. Major parts that make a corrupt society are the rise and fall of
different political leaders in government as well as the manipulation of innocent citizens that want
the best for their society.
One of the essential parts to a corrupt government is the rise and fall of different political leaders.
The rebellion on the farms against Mr. Jones left a wise pig names named Old Major in charge. This
character represents the ideas of Marxism, which fueled the citizens in the Soviet society to have a
rebellion in the first place. Marxism originates from German philosophy of Karl Marx and Friedrich
Engels, that there is an unfair division in social classes and how to fix capitalism and make it more
like communism (Wolff). When Old Major has rule over the farm, all is well and that represents
Russia immediately after the revolution , however he soon passes away and a new leader rises into
power. One of the other pigs, Napoleon, along with his right hand man, Squealer,

Marxism In Ponies
A famous quote of Karl Marx says: "The Rich will do anything for the poor, but get off their backs."
This saying indicates the power imbalance between the rich and the poor, as the rich have the
freedom to do whatever they want to the poor, while the poor can do nothing about it. This is an
example of Marxism because there are power struggles between the rich and the poor.. Marxism is a
well–known theory, originating from the mid 19th century by Karl Marx, and it is used to reveal
historical content, power imbalances, and political beliefs. In other words. in writing, authors can
use these ideas from Marxism to develop a text that will help readers understand power struggles,
political views, and the reasons behind the conflicts in the text. ... Show more content on
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The text describes how the main character has to do things against her will in order to fit in with the
other girls, since she's trying to become a part of their group. The character Barbara does not want to
cut off her pony's voice as she, "throws her arms around Sunny's neck, protecting it." (Johnson 3).
But she ends up ready to do so. "'I won't!' Barbara tells them all, but even as she cries... she knows
she will." (Johnson 3). Barbara feels as if she has to conform to whatever everyone else is doing.
This shows that she lacks power and TheOtherGirls are in control with all the power. This explains
that Barbara is not a person who trusts themselves to do what is right. This shows that she lacks
power. Nevertheless, TheOtherGirls make everyone follow them, as they have a lot of power. In the
end, TheOtherGirls still reject Barbara as they say, "You're not one of us." (Johnson 4). After all the
trouble Barbara took to fit in with TheOtherGirls, they still deny her. TheOtherGirls can do whatever
they want to Barbara, as she is susceptible enough to listen to them, This shows that The OtherGirls
are very powerful. They took control over Barbara, and ruined her life, as they misled her with fake
lies, and killed her pony in the process. The story Ponies includes Marxism when it describes the
power imbalance between Barbara and TheOtherGirls, and how they have much more power than

Marxism Impact On Russia
The system that pushed towards an equal society, know as Marxism, was a very monumental and
important philosophy that eventually diffused across the globe during the 20th century. It was, in
fact, developed in the late 1800's, but it wasn't popular until the 1900's. Although the majority of
Marxism fell along with the USSR and China during the Cold War, parts of it began to distribute
across Asia and even America through high amounts of supporters, war, and religious support.
Despite the negativity towards Marxism in America, the philosophy became widely used; even some
the the US constitution. The oblivious Americans believed that the Soviet Union was destroyed,
however, Marxism, at least a weaker form of it, was still active. The Marxist people pushed toward
socialism and equality thought the working class which ultimately began revolutions. The socialist
revolution began the peak of socialism in America but caused a struggle between the working class
and the rich. Later on, The Communist Manifesto, a book written by Karl Marx himself, describes
the ten program points, the prediction ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The most powerful and influential form of communism to this date called Marxism–Leninism. The
origin of this newly developed philosophy is Russia, which made a great impact. The main ways
that Marxism–Leninism effected the Russian society was through the Communist party, the role of
working class people, and the perception of modern capitalism as imperialism. After the integration
of Marxism–Leninism in Russia, the people fell into order in the beginning but later fell into chaos
at the fall of the USSR similar to the Communist revolution in China. The Chinese Communist
revolution was similar to the fall of the USSR as China made the mistake of pressuring the the
people into Marxism which resulted in Communist revolutions and fell during the Cold

Dialectical Marxism And Marxism
As the world evolves and continuously changes, we, as a society, learn to adapt accordingly.
Different schools of thought began to emerge over time allowing us to embrace alternate ideas on
human behaviors and motivations. Of those contributing is Marxism, more specifically Dialectical
Marxism/Materialism, with its bold conviction "that man is a victim and product of the economic
component of his material constituency" (Martin p156). This is where the word materialism arrives.
Materialism is set up with an understanding that, in short, "if there is no Biblical God, there can
finally be nothing spiritual and the only remaining possibility becomes the material" (Martin p148).
Essentially this is saying that it is not a God who motivates individual behaviors, rather it is their
general environment and materials comprised within. I plan to discuss in brief my worldview of the
society that I live in and try to correlate my views with those of times before my own. Capitalism
has led to a selfish nation that has treated civil rights as a privilege not a certainty, and that seems to
intentionally remind us of the "necessary" social fault lines between cultures and peoples.
Referencing the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy for a better understanding, I was able to find
that process philosophy is "a longstanding philosophical tradition that emphasizes becoming and
changing over static being" and that it "is characterized by an attempt to reconcile the diverse
institutions found in the human experience into one coherent holistic scheme" (IEP np). I understand
this to basically mean that without changes in thought we are unable to progress because we lack
any challenge to our ideas ultimately leading to a "static" state of mind. Our society, in my opinion,
has demonstrated that it is not God who motivates their decisions and behaviors, rather it is their
surroundings. The result being a society called capitalism, with its members called selfish. Karl
Marx had predicted that a scenario similar to this may take place.
As time passes, I cannot help but to notice how materialistic our world really has become. We have
allowed ourselves to live as though there is not a God, and rightfully so if I may. It is not
unreasonable

Marxism (Sociology)
AQAAS/A SOCIOLOGY ESSAY: CRITICALLY EXAMINE MARXIST PERSPECTIVES ON
TODAY'S SOCIETY Classical Marxism is a conflict structural theory which argues that, rather than
society being based on value consensus as functionalists would contend, there is a conflict of
interest between different groups (social classes) because of the unequal distribution of power and
wealth. Marxists are also interested in the way in which social change can occur, particularly in
sudden and revolutionary ways. However, there are differences between Marxists especially over the
way which social change can come about. For example, humanistic Marxists like Gramsci give a
greater role to the conscious decisions and actions of human beings than do structural Marxists ...
For example, it shapes the nature of religion, law, education, the state and so on. According to Marx,
capitalism sows the seeds of its own destruction. For example, by polarising the classes, bringing the
proletariat together in ever–increasing numbers, and driving down their wages, capitalism creates
the conditions under which the working class can develop a consciousness (or awareness) of its own
economic and political interests in opposition to those of its exploiters. As a result, the proletariat
moves from merely being a class–in–itself (whose members share the same economic position) to
becoming a class–foritself, whose members are class conscious – aware of the need to overthrow
capitalism. The means of production would then be put in the hands of the state and run in the
interests of everyone, not just of the bourgeoisie. A new type of society – socialism developing into
communism – would be created, which would be without exploitation, without classes and without
class conflict. Marx's work has been subjected to a number of criticisms. First, Marx's predictions
have not come true. Far from society becoming polarised and the working class becoming poorer,
almost everyone in western societies enjoys a far higher standard of living than ever before. The
collapse of so–called 'communist' regimes like the former Soviet Union, and growing private
ownership and capitalist growth in China, cast some doubt on the viability of the practical
implementation

Theory of Marxism and Sports
The paper that is about to be presented is about how a theory invented by Karl Marx can intertwine
with sports as we know it. The Marxist theory mainly affects how people can participate in different
sports depending on their class status. In the first two paragraphs, the paper will describe the basic
intentions of the Marxist Theory and its background. The next two paragraphs will explain how the
the theory and spoats coincide.
The Marxist theory is used all over the world. In fact, it is used moer than any other social theory.
His thoughts have been used for for diffent political, military, and academic views and studies. Karl
marx lived from 1813–1883 in Germany.
His theory covers the culture, politics, economics and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is very hard though because equipment and availability for the working class is limited due to
lack of resources, especially financially. A Marxist focuses on the distribution of power in sport:
Who has the power and why? Inequality can again be identified. Sport is determined and shaped by
the economic system in the powerful Bourgeoisie and again promotes the interest of those:
increasing capital, maintaining power and privileges (Abercrombie et al, 2000).
A very recent example of money and its impact on sports is
The England and Wales Cricket Board 's decision to send its players to a World Cup match in
Zimbabwe in 2003, regardless of political concerns due to the dictatorship of President Mugabe and
the possible propaganda impact the match might have Fearing a severe financial penalty in the
forms of lost
sponsorship, the monetary aspect proved to powerful for them to decline a match of such importance
(Guardian Online, 2003).
Although the Marxists perspective is aware of its inequalities resulting from money in sport, it fails
to recognize that sport can have for individuals other possibilities such as creativeness and provision
of challenging experiences. It can be said: Marxism "stresses the lack of fit between the different
societal parts" (Haralambos and Holborn, 2000). ,

Marxism As A Conflict Theory
"Marxism is a conflict theory based on the idea that society is in conflict with each other; the
conflict is between the rich and the poor" ("A Brief Introduction to Marxism"). The basic tenets of
Marx's theory rest on the conflict between the different classes of society of which, Marx states that
"the ideas of the ruling class are in every epoch the ruling ideas: i.e.,the class which is the ruling
material force of society is at the same time its ruling intellectual force. The class which has the
means for material production at its disposal have control at the same time over the means of
material production, so that ...generally speaking, the ideas of those who lack the means of mental
and [material] production are subject to it" (Marx ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The tenets of Marxism as defined by Marx and Althusser provide a unique lens through which the
reader can view Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness. Conrad's novella portrays the historical era of
Imperialism, when European countries, Great Britain included, were laying claim to parts of the
African continent for its riches in natural resources. The idea that "Imperialism was the highest stage
of capitalism", expressed by Vladimir Lenin, a proponent of Marxism, adds an important layer to a
study of the novella using Marxist theory (Marxism: Essential Writings).
A look at one small scene from Section III of the novel, in which the young Russian speaks about
Kurtz to Marlowe, blatantly illustrates the treatment of the workforce by the ruling class:
He had, as he informed me proudly, managed to nurse Kurtz through two illnesses (he alluded to it
as you would to some risky feat), but as a rule Kurtz wandered alone, far in the depths of the forest.
'Very often coming to this station, I had to wait days and days before he would turn up, ' he said.
'Ah, it was worth waiting for!––sometimes. ' 'What was he doing? exploring or what? ' I asked. 'Oh
yes, of course; ' he had discovered lots of villages, a lake too––he did not know exactly in what
direction; it was dangerous to inquire too much––but mostly his expeditions had been for ivory. 'But
he

Marxism In The Film Matewan
Marxism is often a philosophy only understood by advanced scholars and criticized by those that
wrongfully dub it as being solely "communist. Marxism is a lot more than communism and
socialism. The film Matewan takes place in the 1920s and Matrix which takes place in 2199 are two
very different films that share similar ideas. The ideas range from class alienation, commodity
fetishism, class consciousness as well as tactics used by the state to support capitalist exploitation
and bourgeois hegemony. A background into the first film Matewan, tells the story of an incident in
the struggle to unionize the Mingo County in the West Virginia coalfield. The film begins
underground with a coalface being blown and the news is passed round that the Stone Mountain
Company has imposed a wage cut. Joe Kenehan, the protagonist is a union organizer on his way to
Matewan by train (Sayles, Renzi, & Rajski, 1987). The Matrix on the other hand depicts a dystopian
future in which reality as perceived by most humans is actually a simulated reality called "the
Matrix", created by conscious machines to moderate the human population. Neo, the protagonist in
Matrix, takes the 'red pill' and is reborn into the reality of Earth 2199, where he learns about the
exploitation of humans (Wachowski et al., 1999). The concepts of class consciousness as mentioned
by Karl Marx first needs to be between people was determined primarily through who controlled the
mode of economic production i.e. land or

The Beginnings Of Marxism?
The Beginnings of Marxism? Written in 1847 by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, the Communist
Manifesto laid out ideas that would change the course of world history. It fully defined the "Marxist"
ideology in which Communism was the goal of humanity. Thirty years after Marx's death, the
people of Russia over threw their leaders and founded a Communist government based on Marxist
ideologies. This government was initially lead by Vladimir Lenin who took direct inspiration from
Marx. After Lenin died, a man named Joseph Stalin took over and his dedication to Marxism is
debatable.
What is Marxism?
The basic idea of Marxism is that the world will slowly change from an unjust society ruled by a
few to one without need for a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
4) Arguably, this is due to the inherent issues with socialism and communism, but it should also be
pointed out Stalin's "Five–Year Plan". This plan essentially took resources away from the population
in order rapidly industrialize the nation. (Fitzpatrick, 1999) The whole Marxist philosophy was
based on gradual change and Stalin's prioritizing speed over the people goes against this principal.
Stalin and the Abolition of the Bourgeoisie Class
Getting rid of private property was a step in Marx's wider goal: the replacement of the Bourgeoisie
as the most powerful class. "The immediate aim of the Communists is the same as that of all other
proletarian parties: formation of the proletariat into a class, overthrow of the bourgeois supremacy,
conquest of political power by the proletariat." (Marx & Engels, 1969) If the bourgeoisie had no
private property, they would not remain capitalists. This would mean the great working class would
have control of the country. Even though Stalin did get rid of the Bourgeoisie class, he failed to
follow through with the Marxist ideology. In Stalinist Russia, the State owned the means of
production, so class was based on your relationship to the state and how well off it allowed you to
live. (Fitzpatrick, 1999) This

Materialism Vs Marxism
Marx's theory of Dialectical Materialism as well as the Existentialist's theory of Ontological Ethics
invokes and embellishes the idea of the human condition and our legitimate right to freedom and
authenticity. Both theories coincide closely with each other due to the fact that some later
Existentialists based their theories on Marxism. Although Existentialists believe that Marxism was
lacking in certain components there are still striking similarities. For example, false consciousness is
very much a parallel to inauthenticity. Marxism focuses more on one entity that restricts our right to
freedom than the role of the individual, but overall both theories pertain to the individual as well as
societal groupings.
In Marx's theory of Dialectical Materialism he theorized that each civilization can be broken down
into two components: a primary economic base and a secondary ideological–social–political
superstructure. The base involved in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Both of these philosophies rely on human choices and of the larger society, but for existentialists
human freedom is completely susceptible. Existentialists deny that there is any premade human
nature which limits us to what we can do and what we are. It is an existentialist's nature to see
through and transcend past facticity and we must take responsibility for all of our choices because
we as humans have the ultimate freedom and cannot transfer this responsibility unto any other
entity. Marxists, on the other hand regard human freedom as completely limited due to the
socioeconomic freedom brought about by the base in the superstructure, which allows for
individuals to place blame on social systems such as capitalism. Although they differ in this aspect
both theories present belief that changing society would allow people to recognize their freedom and
allow them to lead more authentic

Marxism : The Theory Of Marxism
Keith Nunez
May 5, 2014
ENG 390
Final Marxism
The theory of Marxism was founded on the ideas created by Karl Marx, he stated that materialism
has become part of our nature and that it has created grounds on how we live in our reality. Marxist
criticism argues that literature shows a reflection on reality, specifically how the power of social
institutions have affected not only the economic world but the mind and ideals of society. Through
literature we can see the mental difference in characters based on their social standing. The
difference in class is referred to as socioeconomic; Marxists believe that the socioeconomic divide is
much stronger than that of race, gender, religion and intelligence. We see through the difference in
class levels that the poorer characters tend to have issues that revolve around the word that they live
in; while more wealthy characters tend to have more selfish problems. Marxist addresses the classes
as follows: The Bourgeoisie, those who have and are fortunate; the proletariat, the have nots/
laborers. We will see through the stories of the characters from our literary works how the issues of
the two classes differ, and how they affect the groups internally. I believe that this theory is
important to literature because much of what Marxism creates a foundation on is how the literature
that we study is a direct reflection of our reality, and through the study of this theory we can better
understand this "reality" that we have found ourselves

An Evaluation Of Marxism
Introduction
Marxism is an approach of societal evaluation that targets societal conflict and class–relations
making use of a materialist explanation of historical development, along with a dialectical view of
social remodeling. Marxist evaluation uses economic and socio–political examination and applies it
to the investigation and evaluation of the development of capitalism and the role of class struggle in
systemic economic change (Walicki, 1997).
Marxism develops on a materialist knowledge of societal advancement, taking as its starting point
the necessary economic activities needed by human society to take care of their subsistence
(McLellan, 2007). Marxist evaluation describes radical polarization of classes in the capitalization ...
The double political uncertainties confronted by the socialist movements were: one is the decrease
of its mass character; the other, the abandonment of its goal. Vladimir Lenin dialectically blended
both challenges in his thought of an interventionist organization of revolutionaries–one that
participates and tries to provide leadership in the day–to–day struggle to be able to win broader
layers of workers to the revolutionary overthrow of the system when the appropriate conditions
arose.
To sustain the goal of the revolution, Lenin linked every unexpected demand to a revolutionary
objective utilizing every single partial struggle to demonstrate the masses the necessity of general
action and for insurrection against the reactionary rule of capital. Also, to make an effort ensuring
that every single struggle of a limited character is prepared and directed in such a way as to have the
capacity to lead the way to the mobilization and unification of the proletarian forces, rather than to
their dispersal.
Lenin developed the ideas about democratic centralism for the internal organization of the party. He
fully understood that the party cannot really accomplish its responsibility without centralization.
Democratic centralism makes it possible for the party to function in a multipurpose, unified manner
and makes it possible for the working class to have an organization at its disposal that can help take
advantage of revolutionary situations. When revolutionary conditions

Persepolis Marxism Analysis
Adam Gasiewski
IH 1– Final Assignment
December 14, 2017
Analyzing the Effects of Consumerism in Persepolis
The Complete Persepolis, an autobiographical novel by Marjane Satrapi, tells the tale of Marjane's
childhood in Iran. In this story, Marjane (Marji) is brought up by communistic parents. Evidence of
this Marxist upbringing is displayed several times throughout the book, like early on in the story
when young Marji exclaims that "it was funny to see how much Marx and God looked like each
other" (13). The audience can analyze Persepolis through a Marxist lens to see how particular ideas,
specifically the ideology of consumerism, oppress Marjane, her family, and Iranian civilians overall.
The main principle behind Marxism is that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During this time, the middle class benefited from this trade, and enjoyed financial prosperity
(Maloney), which explains the where the Satrapis high economic standing comes from. Examples of
their ample wealth are present throughout Persepolis. For instance, when Marji asks for her parents'
money for non–essential goods like music, her mother is easily able to provide it (Satrapi 138).
Marjane's family also has a very nice Cadillac, a maid (6), and they are able to go on multiple
vacations throughout the story, as well as pay for Marjane's trip to Austria. The Satrapis clearly
belong to the upper class in Iran, and this story portrays the vast disparities in the lifestyles between
middle/upper class Iranian citizens like the Satrapis and those in the lower class.
The reader is exposed to these differences frequently, like when the destitute boys of Iran are
persuaded by the regime to join the war while the upper class children who are the same age get to
attend parties and not have to worry about such matters (Satrapi 99–102). Even at a young age,
Marjane realizes that she belongs to a class that is much better off than those who surround her. She
even feels guilty about basic things around her, like the fact that "our maid did not eat with us" and
"my father had a Cadillac" (6).
Analyzing the

Marxism Vs Labor
Orozco, Choi, Idrovo Karl Marx opposed Capitalist Societies because it creates divisions between
business owners and laborers. Karl Marx noticed that business owners were exploiting workers by
paying them as little as possible to maximize their own profit. Marx thought that these business
owners were greedy, self–centered and materialistic. In Capitalist Societies, these laborers lead very
different lives than the business owners. We think this caused laborers to feel alienated because they
were not receiving support and recognition for their work. Our thought is that laborers were putting
the majority of the work into creating a product or providing a service but were not receiving a fair
share of profits or even a living wage. As laborers ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, we do believe that his theory of capitalism and his favor of socialism is helpful today
because as mentioned before, we do still experience a huge amount of poverty, unequal living
wages, and inequality. Marx's theory also included the hope for revolution against the Capitalists.
We see individuals trying to revolt against unfair treatment every day. For example, on September
17, 2011, there was a protest movement called Occupy Wall Street. This movement was aimed to
protest economic inequality, greed, and the corruptive influence of corporations on government. We
think that these protesters were asking for these issues to be addressed and for the government to
take immediate action to resolve the income inequality, the lack of financial stability, and the lack of
wealth distribution citizens felt like they were facing every day. We think that Marxism is helpful in
understanding the United States of America today because even though the name of our country
leads us to believe we are united, we are still facing a sense of division between the top one percent
who are wealthy and the ninety–nine percent who struggle to make ends

Marxism Essay
Marxism Marxist criticism is inherently existentialist. One cannot know anything without having
been exposed to it as some sort of life experience. There is no knowledge a priori, as some of the
ancient philosophers would have us believe. Rather, knowledge is accumulated a posteriori, through
actual experience. Therefore, there is almost nothing that is inherent and absolute in our knowledge.
It can never be purely objective, as knowledge is absorbed through the grid of our own perceptions,
and that grid is in turn formed through our youthful socialization within our particular culture. For
this reason, Marxist analysis does not allow gut–feeling or individual bias to play too great a role in
the debate. It is more important ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What possible reason could there be for this except to instill greater respect for police officers' lives
and fear into their would–be assassins? One may argue that police officers are exposed to more
dangerous situations than the average citizen, but no more so than your average criminal. It is
because people perceive cops as "good," as agents that preserve the social order, that their lives are
accorded more respect. Of course, preserving the "social order" preserves the status quo of power,
keeping those at the top in power and those at the bottom in deprivation. The police are thus
representatives of the authorities at the top of the social hierarchy, and this is where they derive their
power and respect. On the other hand, criminals are locked up in cages and exposed to an
environment purposefully made horrendous. Under the "good and bad" retributive theories, it is
better to create a "hell on earth" for these "bad guys" as some sort of payback for the suffering they
have caused others. "An eye for an eye" hearkens back to the Laws of Hammurabi, but there does
not seem to be a readily available modern explanation for why society propagates suffering with
retributive theories of punishment. There are also utilitarian theories of punishment: we are keeping
the felons off the street for the greater safety of the non–felons. However, utilitarian theories do not
account for the large percentage of the

Marxism And The Communist Manifesto
The debate between how society is formed and how it should be formed has always been a point of
contention among people. When a society is formed, there is a constant struggle between the
proletariat, the working class population, and the bourgeoisie, the upper class of society with
significant capital. One of the better known ideologies is Marxism, which explains how a nation
should form itself to develop a communist society. Karl Marx illustrates his ideas of Marxism in The
Communist Manifesto. A point of controversy within the Communist Manifesto addresses how
nationalism does not help form the communist state but rather rhetorically seeks to deny the sense of
nationality. The writings of Benedict Anderson are about how the nation state manifests itself
through the spread of nationalism in his book, Imagined Communities. In Anderson's book,
nationalism helps create a community and a sense of unique identity for the population within that
community. Marxism shares a common ground with Anderson's imagined political community,
despite denying the existence of nationalism within the emergence of communist communities.
Marxism denies the emergence of nationalism when describing the collective actions of the working
class. First off, the proletariat have an imagined community, meaning that everyone in it shares a
deep comradeship with each other (Anderson 7). The Communist Manifesto states how
"Communists are further reproached with desiring to abolish countries and

Marxism And Proletariat
What is the relation between a communist and proletariat?
Marx's belief of modernity lies in the idea that society is a contradictory system. In his text, Marx
demonstrates this view on modernity by highlighting the conflictual relationship between the
bourgeoisie and proletariat. "A spectre is haunting Europe" (1888:473), Marx writes. This spectre is
that of the capitalist class system, a haunting, dehumanizing system of classist beliefs between two
social divisions – the ruling bourgeoisie and working proletariat. Marx's Communist Manifesto is an
approach to encourage the reshaping of the functions and beliefs of the social classes in Europe. In a
communist system, all means of production would become equally owned by all members of the

Marxism And Health
The marxist perspective sees health as a form of social control based around capitalism. A defined
split in society between the working and upper classes. Health, in this instance, managed by the
bourgeois to ensure their workforce can continue to attend work. Production and delivery of profits
can be maintained through having a fit and healthy workforce (Goodman, 2013). Doctors, as the
first contact point for the sick, indirectly identified as agents of this social control. Their treatment of
an individual is conducted in an effort to return them to health as quickly as possible. Returning
individuals back health, in turn then to work, avoids costly delays for the bourgeois managers and
owners. A fit and healthy workforce, is a profitable ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Medicalization of women through menopause has existed for many years. Men have even produced
drugs to treat the side effects of the menopausal 'condition' and in doing so have delayed the process
that is inevitable. Women are encouraged to use long term treatments in order to replace the
hormones that have naturally become deficient. If left untreated there is an increased chance of
chronic illness. Unfortunately, changes associated with the menopause are now identified as not
only medical but also cosmetic. Visible signs of aging in women have become something to treat to
ensure looks and body image are maintained for the pleasure of men. Top plastic surgeons yet again,
predominantly

Karl Marx And Marxism
Karl Marx's ideology was established to show what would happen if the social classes struggled
with each other. Vladimir Lenin however, was more practical in that his ideology carried the
changes needed to fit into the country itself. Marx anticipated that his concept would come to carry
out a more advanced capitalist state because is where he thought the revolution he talked about
would take place. Still, Leninism took place in a country that was not as advanced as Mr. Marx
would have imagined. During this time Russia was not economically advanced and had many
farmers. Lenin felt he had to change the aspects of Marxism to fit Russia
Lenin argued that the capitalists in European countries engaged in a policy of imperialism, or empire
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In fact, the philosophical basis of the communist movements and regimes of the 20th century,
ranging from the Soviet Union to Latin America to China and North Korea, is largely based on
Marxism. However, it's important to note that while Marxism supports a form of socialism, not all
forms of socialism are Marxist in nature.
Lenin, developed a Marxist political economy, enhanced by capitalism, imperialism, and of the
general crisis of capitalism. It popularized the idea of the socialist revolution, the concept of the
possibility of the victory of socialism first in a few countries or even in one country alone. The
significance of Marx's theory of liberty is that the rank and file must be directly involved in the
socialist revolution against capitalism. "The proletarian movement is the self–conscious,
independent movement of the immense majority in the interest of the immense majority".1
The Bolsheviks subsequently assumed authority before the working class had prepared for
Socialism, all the Bolshevik government could do at this point, was to install state capitalism in
Russia. while at the same time imposing their own dictatorship over the proletariat. Distaste for the
intellectual capabilities of the proletariat led to their demand that the leading party should rule on
their behalf, much against their

Marxism
Marxism
5.) Discuss the main tenets of Marxism. In what ways was this ideology an extension of the thought
of the Enlightenment? In what ways did it deviate from those ideals?
Socialism granted a powerful language for the working–class to express their interests. Many
workers, who were enfranchised in the latter portion of the century joined political parties espousing
this doctrine. Socialism existed before Karl Marx presented himself to the scene. In fact, Marx drew
from the theories of the foremost prophets of socialism: Henri de Saint–Simon and Charles Fourier
in France, and Robert Owen in Great Britain. However, he gave these theories his own style, and in
the end his form became the dominant idea of socialism. Karl Marx, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The style it was written in is obscure, difficult to penetrate. But throughout there are certain basic
concepts that shine, which were understood and embraced by Marx's followers. As Hegel believed
that the goal of human history was the realization of the world spirit; Marx embraced the theory and
believed it was the abolition of capitalism, the victory of the proletariat, the disappearance of the
state, and the ultimate liberation of all humankind. Marx insisted that material conditions
determined the governance of the world. Following Hegel, who said that truth evolves by a
"dialectic method," Marx called his own philosophy "dialectic materialism." He posited a world of
change but stated that it was embedded in material conditions, not in a clash of ideas. To Marx, ideas
were merely a reflection of the material world. Based on their relationship to factories and machines
(the means of production), Marx grouped human beings into classes. Capitalists were one class,
because they owned the means of production. Workers were a separate class, the proletariat, because
they did not own any of the means of production and their income came only from their own hands.
Because these two classes had differing relationships to the means of production, they had
antagonistic interests and were destined to engage in class struggle, according to Marx. Unlike his
contemporaries, who lamented the increasing hostility between workers

Marxism and Religion Essay
Marxism and Religion
Throughout Karl Marx's life he was not thought to be anything special, just a regular working man,
but in reality Marx was a "philosopher, a journalist, an economist, a historian, and a moralist."[1]
Even with all of this hard work most people did not think that he would amount to much. Little did
most of the people who lived during Marx's lifetime know how big of an impact he would have on
the world within the next century.
Karl Marx, the philosopher, had to have one of the biggest impacts on the world to this day. Marx's
most well known following came from the Communist nation the Soviet Union. The Soviets
believed in all of his philosophical writing and thoughts of religion. Not ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The Marxist thought is that there is no afterlife, and only the life that counts is that which human
beings live on this planet. The only "paradise...[is] a classless society."[5] The afterlife is a belief
that is very basic to Christian teaching. While there are many Christians that are not sure of the
criteria by which to reach heaven, or where it is, they do believe that life does not end with death on
this planet. To many religious people their paradise is the time after they die. There is one area that
both religious believers and Marxist agree; both believe that the other is being brainwashed, but that
is where it all ends. Marxists believe that they are correct when they say, "there is no God above [the
Communist] movement."[6] That comment contradicts what most religious people believe, and
which is that God is the Supreme Being, He is almighty. This is where Marxists feel that religious
people are brainwashed. On the issue of who is above God, it is evident that Marxists and religious
people are on opposite ends of the spectrum. Another issue that deals with individuals is the idea of
property. Marxists hold the belief that government should take all private property and distribute it
equally among states.[7] That is in no way the belief of the different religions. Religious people
have no problem with individuals living a comfortable life, or even wealthy, as long as the way in
which the money is obtained is

The Social Origins Of Marxism
DOES EXPLORING THE SOCIAL ORIGINS OF MARXISM ASSIST IN UNDERSTANDING
ITS STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES?
Marx is credited as being one of the founding fathers of sociology and the social sciences (along
with Durkheim and Weber). Marx lived through the majority of the 19th century (1818–1883), when
the Industrial Revolution and capitalism were at their peak, and his work was a critical analysis of
this relatively new form of society. The aim of this essay is to explore the social origins of Marx's
theories with a look to assess how useful these social origins are when it comes to understanding the
strengths and weaknesses of his theories. I will first briefly describe some of Marx's most well
known theories of Human Nature, the Proletariat and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The products of human work are the 'objectification' of an individual's human nature; the individual
is in what he makes and through this objectification we ultimately come to understand ourselves
(ibid: 92). Furthermore, the application of the human mind's unlimited conceptual abilities to our
work means an unconstrained life with unlimited possibilities, and therefore work is what liberates
the human. This is how Marx comes to theorise that work is the distinctive essence of his human
nature that sets us apart from all other species.
However, Marx writes that capitalism has warped this sole idiosyncrasy of humans by placing an
individual's work at the center of his/her survival; it has constrained work to the means by which we
survive, just like an animal, hence Marx's assertion that in a capitalist society the individual
erroneously feels most free in the 'animal' aspects of life like eating, sleeping, and propagating:
"What is animal becomes human, and what is human becomes animal" (Marx, 1964; cited from ibid:
95); Marx sees this as problematic for society. 'Free labour' can only be achieved once the 'animal
aspects' of life are satisfied (ibid.), but Marx finds this term ironic; 'free labour' refers to the legal
right of the individual to enter a labour

Marxism Scarlet Letter
Marxist literary criticism is a literary criticism that is based on the socialist theories of the German
philosopher, Karl Marx. This criticism involves social class, the struggle between social classes,
governments use of religion, and economic relations as a whole. According to Terry Eagleton,
however, "Marxist literary criticism is not merely a sociology of literature, concerned with how
novels get published and whether they mention the working class. Its aim is to explain the literary
work more fully." The Scarlet Letter is a novel about a woman, Hester Prynne, who lives in Puritan
Boston during the seventeenth century. Hester is living in America, while her husband, Roger
Chillingworth, is still in England. During her husband's absence, Hester commits adultery with
Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale. Hester's crime is revealed, and she is punished by the Puritan leaders
by being forced to wear a scarlet letter "A", standing for adultery, on her chest. Marxism is very
apparent throughout The Scarlet Letter, and can be identified through the stratification of classes and
the presentation of religion. One key ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He didn't want to lose his social ranking or be ostracized by his community. Dimmesdale also shows
the power that the higher class holds over the lower class as he prevents Hester from revealing the
secret of who Pearl's father really was. Throughout the novel, there are many quotes that indicate the
struggle between social classes. This is showen when Hawthorne says "Even had there been a
disposition to turn the matter into ridicule, it must have been repressed and overpowered by the
solemn presence of men no less dignified than the Governor, and several of his counsellors, a judge,
a general, and the ministers of the town, all of whom sat or stood in a balcony of the meeting house,
looking down upon the

Marxism in Metropolis Essay
Metropolis is a silent movie by Fritz Lang made in 1927 Germany. The movie has multiple themes
and implies many things about modern day theories and views. The movie entails many views on
Marxism, capitalism, Industrialism, and organized religion, mostly. Marxism is supported in the
movie, capitalism is not supported in the movie, Industrialism is partially supported, and Organized
Religion is not supported. Marxism is shown is supported in Metropolis by showing the horrid
results of what could have been prevented if Marxism had been used. Marxism is the theory that the
working class deserves respect, because without them, nothing would be possible. It is essentially
sympathy for the working class. Johann Frederson, the leader of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In the movie, industrialism is partially advocated because without technology and industrialization
the world would still be in the Stone Age. Phones, calculators, and computers are needed for a
functional society, and that is where the partial support comes from. Industrialization is partially
opposed because in the movie, it goes too far. The machine is needed for the society to function in
the movie but eventually, people are needed to make the machine function. So in the end, Frederson
ends up making workers work for the machine, so the machine could benefit the world, negating the
whole point of the machine (not having to do human labor). Lastly is Metropolis's view of organized
religion. The movie opposes organized religion. Organized religion refers to organization of people
supporting the exercise of some religion with a prescribed set of beliefs, often taking the form of a
legal entity. In relation to the movie, the legal entity would be Maria. This is because the workers are
obsessed with Maria with almost slavish devotion. Hel, a robot that resembles and replaces Maria,
starts sparking violence in the workers. The workers listen to Hel's revolutionary talks of revolting
and follow its directions. The slavish devotion causes uproar and flood before the workers realize
that Hel was utterly and completely wrong. This is against organized religion because it is saying
that complete faith in one thing or person is not right. Metropolis is a movie that

Marxism Research Paper
According to Marxism, there is a struggle or conflict between individual rights and social rights. In
many regards, Marxism places more emphasis on societal rights than it does on individual rights. In
fact, some critics even state that Marxism ignores the rights of the individual altogether. As can be
observed when Marxism is implemented under the umbrella of communism. However, Marxism
takes into account the inequality and unfairness that exists in society. The inevitable truth is that
contrasting groups in society will always conflict with one another and will be unable to agree on
the way in which resources should be distributed. Furthermore, there is also a difference between
genders, specifically in terms of the equity of how the roles ... Show more content on
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Minimalists place a distinct focus on eliminating the unnecessary and unessential and only keeping
what is needed. With less focus on unnecessary things and items, people can concentrate more on
individual rights rather than the rights of man or society as a whole. Getting rid of items that make
life overwhelming and excessive allows minimalists to focus on finding satisfaction, fulfillment, and
happiness in life. In other words, individual rights are not denied or ignored in the same way they
are under Marxism. Marxism places too much focus on society and acknowledging the different
forces that contribute to power and influence. As a result, stress arises in the form of class struggles,
specifically between the workers, which are known as the proletariat, and the owners, which are the
bourgeoisie. The society is ultimately an organized phenomenon, and the upper class will
continuously maximize their position to exploit workers. On the other hand, minimalists concentrate
on individual rights. They constantly reassess priorities in life so that one can adequately take the
time to search for what truly brings value to life. For instance, whereas the Marxists concentrate on
profit and what generates cost in a heavily capitalized nation, minimalists attempt to further
individual rights by investing time, not in society, but in

A Marxism Economy
Marxism is a system of economy, social, and political philosophy based on ideas that view social
change in terms of economic factors. Marx gave us a theory of society, for example an explanation
of how our society works, of how and why history has unfolded, and particularly the account of the
nature of capitalism. But Marx also regarded capitalism as extremely unsatisfactory and he was very
concerned with getting rid of it by having a violent revolution and the establishment of a communist
society. Marxism is then again also about political goals and action. Very few people in western
society today accept this second set of ideas; most seem to think capitalism is very desirable, most
don't want to see it be destroyed and most do not like the idea of revolution or communism.
Ecologists study the relationship between plants, animals and their environment. This term is taken
from the study of ecology and ecologism. Ecology is the study of the relationship between living
organisms and their environment. It thus draws attention to the network of relationships that sustain
all forms of life, and highlights the interconnectedness of nature. Ecologism only emerged as a fully
fledged ideology since the 1960's. It is a political doctrine or ideology that is constructed on that is
on the basis of ecological assumptions, notably about the essential link between humankind and the
natural world. It is sometimes distinguished from environmentalism, in that the former implies the

Marxism : Marxism And Marxism
Marxism Final Essay – Marx vs. Marxism
Nearly a century and a half has passed since Karl Marx's death, but his work lives on in stride.
Several contemporary 20th and 21st century Marxist scholars have adopted his eerily relevant
critiques of capitalism into their own work, but in doing so, have revived unheeded interpretations
of Marx's theory and have uniquely diverged from his original texts in ways that reflect their
individual historical, theoretical and political motives. This has resulted in a restoration of Marx's
account of ecology and capitalism, as well as novel gendered and geographical advancements of
Marx's theories. Contemporary scholars such as Marxist–feminist Sylvia Federici, John Bellamy
Foster, and Marxist–geographer David Harvey have all contributed to Marx's preexisting work but
have also departed in ways that make them pertinent to their specific academic fields of interest. For
this discussion, segments of three literary pieces from each of the mentioned scholars will be used to
analyze what the authors contributed to or developed that was already existing in Marx's work; what
each author adds to the field of Marxism that had not already been established in Marx's work or
was entirely absent from it; and what reasons motivated these authors to transform Marxism in the
way that they did. Overall, it will become evident that both the inclusion and advancement of Marx's
work and Marxism has kept apace with the contemporary times. To address the first

Marxism : Marxism, Feminism And Functionalism
Work is in all cultures and is the roots of the economy. Work comes in many different forms but the
simple definition is the completion of duties that involves both mental and physical effort. These
duties have outcomes such as the production of goods and products or meeting needs of the people
they work for such as clients or service users. An occupation is work that is paid for. As well as
getting paid for work there is also work that is unpaid this includes housework, being a stay at home
mum or volunteer work.
In relation to work we can look at three theories :– Marxism, Feminism and Functionalism. Each
considered the analysis of modern day work to be extremely important when looking at sociology
and socialism.
Marxism derived from the sociologist Karl Marx's theories about sociology, politics and economics.
Marx looked at the capitalist society that was around him at the time and saw great exploitation. The
workers in the factories were selling their labour for a measly wage yet the factory owners were
keeping all the surplus value, the money left over once the costs of the materials and labour were
met. He saw this as very unfair and thought that the surplus value rightfully belonged to the
labourers. In this capitalist society the labourers were also feeling exploited which caused tensions
in the workplace which was known as a class struggle. The notion of 'social class' is central to
Marx's theory and the class struggle was between the ownership class that was

Marxism And Hamlet
A strictly economical and political ideology based on social structure and power division is not a
typical analytical perspective for classic literature–however, the application of the theories revolving
around class division and the struggle for power can illuminate the roots and incentives of conflict
that drive the progression of the literary work. Marxist theory centers on the division of society into
the bourgeoisie and proletariat and explores the effects derived from the struggle for wealth between
the classes, and within the bourgeoisie. Karl Marx, one of the founders of Marxist philosophy,
delves into the roles and the relationship between the bourgeoisie and proletariat that drive society
forward into development in his acclaimed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Outlined by Marx and Engel, the Marxist text states this theory, "In all these battles it sees itself
compelled to appeal to the proletariat, to ask for its help, and thus, to drag it into the political arena."
(Marx, Engel 74). This is paralleled in Hamlet as Claudius, in his intentions to remove Hamlet from
the borders of his throne, employs all of the lower class outside of the royal family mentioned in the
play to aid in his execution of his schemes. Most prominently, he convinces Laertes, the Danish
councillor, Polonius, to carry out his strategy in killing Hamlet, as Laertes eagerly accepts: "My
lord, I will be ruled; the rather if you could devise it so that I might be the organ." (4.7.66–68).
Claudius brings Laertes into his immoral deeds of plotting for the murder of his nephew as Laertes
is motivated by the intentions to avenge his father and sister's deaths that are directly linked to
Hamlet. However, as illustrated in both cases of Hamlet and the Marxist theory, the proletariat gains
the power from aiding to the bourgeoisie to potentially overtake their superiors–ultimately, the very
supplier of their resources, the bourgeoisie. The Communist Manifesto introduces this theory as it
states, "The bourgeoisie itself, therefore, supplies the proletariat with its own elements of political
and general education, in other words, it furnishes the proletariat with weapons for fighting the
bourgeoisie." (Marx 74), which is literally represented in Hamlet as Claudius is ultimately killed
with his very own poison. In order to effectively end Hamlet's life, Claudius arranges with Laertes to
incorporate poison into their plans. However, Laertes later realizes that Claudius is the true enemy;
he aids Hamlet in using Claudius' own scheme against him, and concludes:

Marxism and the Matrix Essay
The movie, "The Matrix" is an outstanding example of the term "Marxism". Simply put, Marxism is
the political and economic theory of Marx, advocating abolition of private property, and state
provision of work and subsistence for all, and to be a Marxist, is to follow Karl Marx's theories.
Along the lines of Marx's theories; a reality and way of life in the Matrix is maintained, oppressed,
discovered, and eventually explained. Marx advocates a violent change, and The Matrix
demonstrates this type of propaganda. The character Trinity sets the tone from the very start with her
defying antics, and Neo's role is realized; as this reality that is the Matrix is explained. The
Wachowski brothers' film, The Matrix, easily lends itself to a Marxist ... Show more content on
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People have themselves become that means of production, in that their bodies have become the
energy source that keeps the economic machine running. Neo is informed by one of the rebels – that
he is nothing more than a "coppertop", a battery that runs the system. But he also finds hope,
because the rebels are fighting back – and, as Marx had hoped, the "grave diggers" are going to try
to destroy the capitalistic machines. Life in the Matrix is not quite the Utopia Marx envisioned. And
we discover this by observing Mr. Anderson's daily grind, as he follows the daily routine of a dead–
end job. This is not an ideal life for any man. One would want to escape, question, and break free of
this routine that is his "life". As the plot of The Matrix advances, this "reality" is explained. Neo
eventually wakes up, and witnesses the truth – a world controlled, by machines. As he awakens to a
dark desolate world, towers taller than sky scrapers surround him, loaded with humans – in a
cocooned state. Machines monitor these sleeping humans – who are unaware of the truth. One of
these machines quickly scans Neo, and realizes things aren't quite right with him, and so he is
released down a tube leading to a body disposal, and his possible demise. They (the machines)
obviously don't want him

Marxism And Communism

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Marxism And Communism