3. • Hate speech defames, belittles, or dehumanizes a class of
people on the basis of certain inherent properties typically
race, ethnicity, gender or religion.
• Hate speech attributes to a certain class of people highly
negative qualities taken to be inherent in members of the
class.
4th LTTA, Romania, Fight against discrimination and racism
4. • Hate speech as it is defined by the Council of Europe,
covers all forms of expression which spread, incite,
promote or justify racial hatred, xenophobia, anti-
Semitism or other forms of hatred based on intolerance,
including: intolerance expressed by aggressive nationalism
and ethnocentrism, discrimination and hostility against
minorities, migrants and people of immigrant origin.
4th LTTA, Romania, Fight against discrimination and racism
5. Hate speech is the result of racism
4th LTTA, Romania, Fight against discrimination and racism
7. Reasons for homophobia
Homophobia is observable in critical and hostile behavior
such as discrimination and violence on the basis of sexual
orientations that are non-heterosexual.
The reasons for homophobia are:
•Anxiety about the possibility of being or becoming a
homosexual
•Belief that it’s contrary to a religion
•Traditional gender roles and stereotypes
4th LTTA, Romania, Fight against discrimination and racism
9. Reasons for sexism
Sexism is a bias or discrimination about a person's gender
(biological and social).
The reasons for sexism are:
• Sexism may involve both sexes, but it is addressed more
often to women.
• It is directly linked to gender stereotypes and roles and it is
based on the belief that one sex is superior to the other.
4th LTTA, Romania, Fight against discrimination and racism
11. Reasons for ageism
Age discrimination is a bias against a person or group based
on age.
The reasons for ageism are:
•The idea that older adults should move aside from high-
paying jobs and prominent social roles to make way for
younger people
•The idea that seniors should not consume so many scarce
resources such as health care.
4th LTTA, Romania, Fight against discrimination and racism
13. Reasons for anti-semitism
• Economic: Jews are hated because they possess too much
wealth and power.
• Chosen People: Jews are hated because they arrogantly
claim they are the chosen people.
• Scapegoat: Jews are a convenient group to single out and
blame for all the troubles.
• Deicide: Jews are hated because they killed Jesus.
• RacialTheory: Jews are hated because they are an inferior
race.
4th LTTA, Romania, Fight against discrimination and racism
15. Reasons for Islamophobia
Islamophobia is an intense fear or hatred of, or prejudice
against, the Islamic religion or Muslims especially when seen
as a geopolitical force or the source of terrorism.
The reasons for Islamophobia are:
•Intensive projection of bad news about Muslims and Islam
•It is a tool of public manipulation in order to manufacture
consent for disastrous wars
•It is a tool in the hands of nationalist politicians in order to
succeed in their election
4th LTTA, Romania, Fight against discrimination and racism
16. The role of Social media and
Internet
• Social media and the Internet have opened up
for many new arenas for exchanging opinions.
• Opinions and debates challenge us as hate
speech is spread widely and frequently on
new platforms for publishing.
4th LTTA, Romania, Fight against discrimination and racism
18. When does hate speech become a
crime?
4th LTTA, Romania, Fight against discrimination and racism
19. • While typically hate speech has to be acted on to turn into
a crime, there is a special exception, which stipulates that
if someone uses words to "incite an immediate breach of
peace", then he is no longer protected.
• Hate speech can also violate certain freedom of speech
laws like slander (trying to damage someone's reputation
with false spoken words) or libel (trying to damage
someone's reputation through writing).
4th LTTA, Romania, Fight against discrimination and racism