The Animal Welfare Act Is The United States

The Animal Welfare Act Is The United States
Think of a small or large innocent animal, dying a painful death, all because we humans want to
advance and need something to test on. They are only being minimally protected because they are
seen as just our "property". Testing on animals is not the problem, the extremely inhumane way that
they are being treated is. Many animals of different species sit in cages of research facilities, instead
of being out in the wild where they belong. They are forced to endure multiple tests every day.
These tests are harmful, sometimes even deadly. The only thing slightly protecting them is the
Animal Welfare Act, But it does not provide very much protection. Those who are supporters of this
movement are usually criticized by people who do not ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Research facilities also have very few restrictions on lab workers. The Animal Welfare Act does not
give the facilities any restraints for their employees. "No legal requirements for researchers to
consider alternatives to their use, nor provide them with relief from the pain, distress, or even the
most basic slanderers of care."(Neavas1) "Though most are qualified scientists, they do not have to
provide a quality of care which is inhumane to the animal." (Neavas 2) The laboratories that these
animals are stuck in may be unsafe and unclean. The animals live in small, dark cages and are
forced to live that way their entire lives. Animals should be able to ram free and should not be kept
locked away in cages until they are needed. "Under the Animal Welfare Act, research institutions are
required to establish an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee "to oversee and evaluate all
aspects of the institution's care and use program."(Neavs1) "While the United States Department of
Agriculture and the Animal Welfare Act and Institutional Animal Care and Use systems purport to
ensure" humane "treatment of animals in labs, the system is plagued with loopholes that leave
animals
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Welfare State Essay
Welfare state – how was it and how it has changed.
Welfare state is one of the most important political and economic concepts of the twentieth century.
The welfare state is a place in which responsibility for the care of the public in matters such as
welfare, health, education, housing and working takes the government.
What Welfare state gives us?
NHS
In the 19th century, discussions were held on the availability of health care for the poorest. At the
time visit of the doctors, or stay in the hospital were very expensive and only the rich could afford a
specialized treatment .At the end of the war, the Labour party took power in Britain. In 1945 a
proposal was for the nationalization of all hospitals.Despite the severe opposition on July ... Show
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The schools promote healthy life style by Child Smile which providing free tooth brushes and pastes
for schools. It is a wonderful way to promote oral health as it helps children to build confidence in
communication with others – we all feel better and smile more when our teeth are healthier.
The schools also promote walk a mile. The children are encouraged to walk at least mile a day while
they are in school. This improve health overall and help children become more fit. There is also lots
of extra activities as karate, yoga, football club to help children be healthy. The schools also have at
least 2 days a week of PE.
The schools also prohibited fizzy drinks and only water or sugar free juices are not allowed.
Page 2
Munch and Move
Is a program created to education system. Munch and Move's main goal is promoting and
encouraging children's healthy diet and lots of physical activity but also to reduce time with ICT like
watching TV, using tablets, smartphones and computers. Some of the outcomes:
–''Children have a strong sense of identity''
–''Children are connected with and contribute to their world''
–'' Children have a strong sense of wellbeing''
–'' Children are confident and involved learners''
Examples of activities we can find https://goo.gl/BH4r6m
The munch and move is linked to Early Years Framework
Page 3
Equalities

Education.
Under the Equality Act 2010, it is illegal for schools and other educational

Values Of A Welfare State In Hong Kong Literature Review
2. What values does a welfare state seek to maximize? Explain what elements of the welfare state
are present in either Hong Kong or China and which ones are missing.
Introduction
The term "welfare state" is developed in the 1930s and has been regarded as the opposite meaning of
warfare at that time. The concept is interpreted in various ways in different countries due to cultural
and socio–economic differences and different historical development (Esping–Andersen, 2013). A
welfare state, generally speaking, refers to a state where the society takes responsibility for
providing comprehensive welfare like social and economic security to its population (Spiker, 2014).
Despites different interpretations of welfare state over time and across countries, the essential values
that a welfare state seeks to pursue are expected to remain consistent. This paper aims at identifying
values that a welfare state seeks to maximize through literature review. Furthermore, the paper will
also review the historical development of welfare system in Hong Kong and find possible
similarities between Hong Kong and a welfare state.
Definition and Values of the Welfare State
Asa Briggs (1961) defined the welfare ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hong Kong people have valued the equality in opportunities very much as it is essentially important
to those who are from lower–class families and weaker socio–economic background to succeed. The
Equal Opportunities Commission in Hong Kong has played an important role promote social
opportunities. The major approaches that have been adopted by the government to promote equal
opportunities are reducing and eliminating discriminations and providing a range of universal
statutory social services to its citizens. While in the contexts of welfare state, there is an emphasis on
the role of welfare distribution in promoting equal social

The Effects Of Welfare On The United States
When the United States of America first began, there were small villages with men and women of
varying degrees of wealth. Like any society, there were people who had little money and poor living
conditions while others were wealthy. In the colonies of the new world, the church and the
neighbors of those in poverty helped provide food and clothing, while also finding ways to improve
their daily lives. These acts of kindness were an enormous help to the poor but sadly became less
effective to those individuals as the population of the colonies increased along with the number of
those in poverty. Soon seeing the streets filled with the poor the government of this new country
decided that an improved method of help should be put into effect: ... Show more content on
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The prodigious and most influential supporters of the current welfare system is the Democratic
Party. Prior to 1930, much of the assistance to the poor came from local and state government, but
was primarily provided by volunteers and the church. Once the great depression hit, Democratic
President Franklin D. Roosevelt created the "New Deal" policies that included new federal
initiatives to help those in poverty. With millions of people unemployed during the 1930s economic
depression, welfare assistance was beyond the financial resources of the states. the federal
government mainly provided funds directly to recipients through programs developed such as
medical care (Medicaid), supplemental Security Income (SSI), public housing and food stamps.
During this time period, the government believed it was the only entity big enough to assist
everyone in need. Their hope was that these programs would decrease poverty and eventually allow
the recipients to rejoin the workforce to be productive citizens(Burton). However, experts began to
worry that these programs had created a "culture of dependency," which deterred people from
withdrawing from the welfare system and seeking employment. Another harmful example is the
number of children who were born outside marriage because of increased welfare checks given to
those in a single parent homes. Another reason that many want to reform welfare is because of the
twenty trillion dollars that the government spends every

What Are The Key Features Of The Welfare State?
What are the key features of the welfare state?
At first, asking what are the key features of the welfare state are, seems relatively simple: to protect
the most at risk in a society? But it is vastly more complicated question to answer when truly
thinking about it deeply. The wider impact and problems surround the question of Welfare and what
those key features are and should be. Further to this, dependent on who is in charge of the state, may
change the very definition of what they consider to be Welfare and how far it should go, based
perhaps on their political ideology; be they Conservative or Labour for example, each party may
have differing views of how far the state should intervene within the realm of social policy.
Firstly this essay will show how and why the foundations of the welfare state came about. The essay
will attempt to identify and explain what the key features of the 'classic welfare state' (Lowe, 2005),
although this is difficult to define as there are many subjectively important features within the realm
of welfare, one can easily argue strongly for each separate feature and its level of importance, within
society. So this essay will aim to show what are broadly speaking the most crucial within society
and what features have been consistently at the forefront of government's welfare and will finally
summarise the findings.
To begin, this essay will look at why and how the welfare state came about. It is however important
to acknowledge that the exact

Welfare Policies Of The Welfare States
The welfare state is a system through which a government provides services to its citizens. These
social policies are intended to reduce poverty, inequality, and increase economic security (King,
lecture, 10/31). Welfare states are generally categorized in one of three ways: christian democratic,
liberal, or social democratic. Social democratic states are superior in that they provide the most
services, and do so fairly, resulting in a more egalitarian society.
Social democratic states provide the most services to their citizens with the goal of increasing
wellbeing for all people equally (OD, 577). Policies of social democratic states focus on universal
entitlement programs, which guarantee services for all citizens. Citizens contribute to a mandatory
social insurance program, such as social security in the United States. Nordic countries (Sweden,
Denmark, Norway) are known in particular for their success with socialist democracy.
A liberal democracy (such as the U.S.) prioritizes individual autonomy over socioeconomic ... Show
While this ensures that all voices have an equal say, it is hard to imagine in our country given how
uninformed the voting population is. Socialist democratic welfare policies also appear to succeed in
countries with more homogenous populations. The theoretical model would require a cultural shift
in our country, away from competition that we are so used to, having to fight for success despite the
slim chances of upward mobility. It requires empathy and compassion for those less fortunate to be
firmly embedded in our culture. However, a balance between capitalism and socialism which
provides healthcare, education, perhaps even a minimum income would go a long way towards
reducing inequality, which would perhaps create a more harmonious society. Socialist democracy is
about people, not profits, and this shows in equality

The Pros And Cons Of The Swedish Welfare State
The Soviet Union's socialism and the United States' capitalism are two of the main, well known and
most successful worldwide political and economical regimes. Yet, there have been some exceptions
in the world that have attempted to combine both systems, such as Sweden and the rest of the
Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland and Norway). As the Soviet Union established a command–
style communism (where the state controlled almost everything in the economy) while on the other
hand, the United States of America has always had a free market where the consumer and producer
made most of the market decisions, Sweden had successfully established what we could call a
middle way between the two ideologies (command communism and unregulated capitalism) ...
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The Swedish crisis strengthened the critiques against the Swedish welfare state. The recession and
the successive output and employment losses helped to make the case that the crisis and slow
growth were not results of a macroeconomic deficit instead critiques argued that there is a failure
eventually caused by the structure of welfare state itself (Edland). It was argued that the welfare
state is unhealthy for growth because it gives birth to bad incentive. According to the critiques
views, welfare benefits, labor market rigidities and high taxes will eventually discourage
investment, job creation and labor supply (Edland). Since Sweden had recovered from the recession
all these critiques were proved to be inefficient. Comparing Sweden's recession to the rest of
Europe, Nordic states in general had seemed to have functioned reasonably well, despite of
collective bargaining and generous unemployment benefits. In fact, the Nordic countries can be used
as counter examples to the mainstream views. In all Nordic countries the employment rate is higher
than the EU average. The Nordic unemployment rates are lower than EU average (and long term
unemployment rates are low

Globalization and the Decline of the Welfare State
The idea that globalization and the welfare states can conflict comes from the fact that: while
globalization is based on profit maximization, the welfare states main goal is to reduce, if not
eliminate inequality, insecurity and poverty through proper redistribution of wealth mechanisms.
The welfare state has to enhance "people's adaptability, so that they, whatever their skills, can turn
themselves from losers into winners through their own efforts" (Dennis J. Snower. Et al.137). The
point of departure is that these two concepts are related to the allocation of resources and any
conflict will have to occur on that level. This paper will not analyze the responses of the welfare
states to the challenges of the 1970 and 1980s but ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Placing knowledge and technology as the main carrier of economic growth and productivity can be
seen as part of setting the stage for social cohesion and harmony to the economic competitiveness on
the national but also international level. Increasing human capital, research and development,
technology, as the KBE demands could also translate into a higher demand for the skills, puts a
country at the forefront of competition in a particular sector (34). Although welfare regimes differ
from one country to another, the assumption is that investing in human capital can make countries
competitive and capable of competing on an international level. This view serves as an optimist
view of the relationship between globalization and the welfare states. In order for globalization to be
sustained, welfare regimes have been able to respond by increasing social expenditures on human
capital. This shows that instead of being a conflict of goals, it is a harmonization of goals that go
hand in hand. To a large extent, rich countries address social needs through their social expenditures
According to the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) states that
"Gross public social expenditure on average across OECD increased from 16% of GDP in 1980 to
19% in 2007, of which public pensions (7% of

The Social Welfare System During The United States Essay
The social welfare system in the United States can be a controversial topic especially now with the
new presidential elect. For this paper I was assigned to look into two different peoples perceptions
and attitudes on the social welfare system. I looked into how they perceived the system and whom
they believed benefits from this system. Throughout this paper the identities of the two people I
interviewed will not be revealed. I will simply refer to them in pronouns. My goal during this
interview was not to educate my two interviewees so some of the information contained in this
paper may not be accurate. Throughout this paper the two interviewees opinions will be stated and
their opinions will then be compared and discussed. Although the whole population of the United
States is experiencing the same welfare system each individual perceives and has different beliefs
about the system.
The first person I interviewed can be identified as a Caucasian, twenty–two year old, male. He is a
college graduate who has an associates degree in fire science from Northshore Community College.
This male is currently employed at ENE Systems as a buildings operator and works as a mechanic at
Lucey's Service Station on the weekends. He is a son, a brother to four siblings, and an uncle to
three nieces and three nephews. I interviewed this male in his own home behind closed doors so
there was no other input from outside sources. After obtaining his basic information, I asked him
what he thought

Complete Welfare States
Is the U.S a "semi–welfare state, a welfare laggard, a residual welfare state, an incomplete welfare
state, or an inadequate welfare state"? I would say yes. This argument starts with the definition of a
complete welfare state, and it proceeds with why the current welfare state is not complete. The
argument ends by analyzing why U.S cannot have a complete welfare state. What is a complete
welfare state in my definition? In a complete welfare state, every one enjoy equal benefit as a human
being. United State, when found 241 years ago, have held the value that "All men created equal".
Government should provide equal health care access to every citizen. Government should also
coordinate the wealth redistribution to minimize the wealth inequality.

Benefits Of Welfare State
The term welfare state can be defined as a system by which the government have developed a set of
policies designed to assist its people, to ensure they are protected from poverty. The system is
composed of a number of institutions. For example, the UK is a welfare state, formed by institutions
such as the NHS, social services, education, unemployment services, state pension, council housing,
maternity benefits, disability insurance, job training and many more. The NHS provides free
national healthcare, free education is provided in public schools, unemployment benefits are
available to those who are out of work or seeking employment to ensure they are provided for. In
addition, tax payers are entitled to state pensions at retirement age, and ... Show more content on
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He states that despite all the different ways in which the welfare state is distributed across a variety
of industrialised countries, they all have a common base. That base is ''A specific mode of exercising
government power and a specific set of conception, institutions, and techniques with which to do
so.'' (Garland 2016) Garland explains that there are three concepts around the concept of the welfare
state and that these serve as a three–part definition. The first concept is 'Welfare for poor people'.
This is one of the most common definitions of the welfare state, as it is effectively welfare for poor
people. Often invoking ideas of laziness, dole queues, teenage single mothers and other negative
connotations. The second concept is 'Social provision'. This is the notion that the welfare state is
comprised of institutions funded by taxes to aid the general public. The NHS as a health
organisation, or the Social Services, the right for tax payers to receive state pension and public
education are prime examples of

Welfare Reform: The Role Of Welfare In The United States
Various research have been conducted surrounding the effects of welfare on families and
individuals. Welfare may not seem like a big deal in America, but we are spending millions of
taxpayer dollars on welfare a year. The many programs inside welfare do have some benefits as well
as shortcomings. Education declines and work incentives are just some of the major issues that
surface from being on welfare. Although advocates of welfare believe it is supporting the poor, the
programs within welfare are decreasing the positive numbers of education and work while raising
questions of whether or not reform has been beneficial. Welfare reform has been an issue since the
1970s (Moffitt 2015). Regardless of the new programs put into place, the wanted ... Show more
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The general public is not educated enough to fully understand the effects welfare has on taxes and
spending within the government (Mizrahi 2016). This makes it difficult to study how the public
really feels about the outcomes and results of the welfare state. A common knowledge is that when
the economic environment is decreasing, support tends increase because the participants want to
improve the environment to help them more. Mizrahi states that "individuals who who perceive
society as offering greater equality of opportunity are less sympathetic to the disadvantaged, and ...
become less supportive of redistribution". The decline in support from these individuals is sparked
for the reason that if the government is being equal, the life of the less fortunate is naturally good.
There is evidence to the reasoning that the relationship between the quality of the government and
economic expansion is a strong one (Mizrahi 2016). Those with relatively high incomes when
exposed to risk will eventually insist on government redistribution. If the high income persons are
not at risk they will not be as receptive to redistribution because they want to produce better welfare
outcomes. The better welfare outcomes to those with higher earnings would be a safety net provided
for them and lower taxes on their earnings. Those with relatively low incomes when exposed to risk
insist on government

Welfare Spending During The United States
Welfare spending in the United States of America has been realizing negative effects on the
economic standing of American society as a whole, more specifically in terms of long term growth
in poverty rates and high levels of unemployment.
As of the report for fiscal year 2011, the total funds spent for the "federal welfare programs
amounted to roughly $ 1.03 trillion. . . This excludes entitlement programs to which people
contribute (e.g. Social Security and Medicare)", according to Sessions, J. (2011, p.1). SS
expenditures in 2011 was $725 billion while for Medicare, it amounted to $ 480 billion. The
analytical findings of Brady, D.( 2009, p.81) stated that "As countries devote a larger share of their
economy to welfare, poverty declines steeply." This happened to Scandinavia, Finland, and Sweden,
and European continental countries like Netherlands and Belgium. USA was identified to have high
poverty and low welfare expenses. He also made clear that poverty is not necessarily increased by
higher welfare generosity.(p.84) and further says that it benefits all rather than just "the elderly or
men" (p.87). The 5 features of welfare state were historically proven to reduce poverty through
greater generosity with (1) social welfare expenditures, (2) expenditures for public health, (3) social
security, (4) government expenditures, and (5) "decommodification" (p.91). Brady, D. (p.92) also
contends that public employment is less effective than welfare state generosity as a

Beveridge's Welfare State
The welfare state was brought about by the Beverage report of 1942. William Beveridge outlined the
five social and economic factors which needed to be restored in order for Britain's economy to thrive
once more. He named them the 'five giant evils' poverty, disease, ignorance, squalor, idleness.
During the early 1900's, life in Britain was very different and the government did not accept any
responsibilities for its citizens. Laissez–faire leadership was in place meaning little guidance and
accountability from the state. There was no financial and social aid for unemployment, sick leave
and old age. Everyone had to pay to visit the doctor or dentist and as a result the poor suffered
gravely. After WW2 Britain was at its lowest, soldiers were ... Show more content on
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Liberal politician, Sir William Harcourt 1872 sums up the liberals perspective on government
involvement. He states 'that a Government which is not free interferes with everything it can, and a
free Government interferes with nothing except what it must. A despotic Government tries to make
everybody do what it wishes; a Liberal Government tries, as far as the safety of society will permit,
to allow everybody to do as he wishes.' This statement conveys the strong liberal belief of minimal
government interference in the economy. Liberal's perceive the welfare state as a negative approach
to help the economy. They believe if citizen are given too much support they will become dependent
of the state, instead propose minimal benefits and encourage self–help and hard work. However with
this being said, from 1906 Liberals were the first to lay down the foundations of welfare and made
an impactful mark of the end of a lassie–faire state and the beginning of the welfare state.
Concentrating on children, old age and workers some very important legislation were produced
including 1905 Unemployed Workmen Act, 1906 Education Act, 1907 School Medical Service,
1908 Old Age Pensions and the 1911 National Insurance Act. Although many of these acts were
limited, the liberals initially

Explain The Key Features Of Classic Welfare State
1 Identify and Explain the Key Feature of the Classic Welfare State Abstract
Welfare State is a government concept that describes the role of the state in promoting and
protecting the economic as well as every citizen's social well–being. In Marcus Danver's map 2013,
"Classic Welfare State" is linked to several key features which include Education, Housing, Health
Care, Social Security, Personal Social Services, Full employment, and Churchill's Response to the
New Dear. The theory behind the welfare states key features encompass the equality in providing
opportunity, wealth, and other social services that will enhanced the social living of every citizen
living in a state.
Introduction: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of these is the Regime Approach. the ideology behind this approach has different versions, one
supports universal access, the other one is supporting the responsibility of every private citizen, and
support as well as provide social support only those who are poor. Another approach is the
Institutional approach where it supports social policies such as pensions, policies for work accidents,
unemployment benefits, as well as sickness pay. Expenditure is the third welfare state approach that
focuses in providing and spending generously for the social protection as well as social services.
The Key Features of Classic Social Welfare (Marc Denvers 2014)
Based from the Mind Map which was created and published by Marcus Denvers (2013) titled "New
Deal"–Classic Welfare State", included in its key features is the Churchill's Response to the New
Deal'. Churchill who was liberal minded and practical politician assists in creating 1906 liberal
reforms. He introduced an insurance scheme which he called it as unemployment insurance 38 years
ago. The insurance's concept was more on a welfare as well as social which will bring as quoted
"The magic of average earnings the rescue of millions".
Another key feature is Education. This aims to provide free secondary education for all and
scholarship for higher education for the capable.
Health care is an added key feature; the state will have 'National Health Service' where everybody is
entitled for free health

Welfare State Under Pressure
Chapter 4
Welfare State under Pressure
What is the Welfare State?
The welfare state is simply a concept of a government in which the state has a key role to protect
and promote its own citizens. This can be in many ways, such as protection, promotion, well–being
of citizens or making sure that there is no racism or inequality of opportunity. It can also be in a way
that the wealth is equally divided in the country.
The welfare state is simply a concept of a government in which the state has a key role to do and
ensure the following for its citizens;
Protection
Promotion
Well–being of citizens
Stopping racism
Inequality of opportunity
Equally divided wealth Welfare State or taking care of yourself?
In our opinion people should take care of themselves. There are many reasons for this, ... Show
If we don't have a welfare state then that would mean that if something terrible were to happen to
the government such as a terrorist attack that it would still be terrible, but less people would have
worked at the government and people would be used to being individual and taking care of
themselves so life could go on. Taking care of yourself is an important factor in growing up, later in
life you might be the last one left in your family and you might not have that many friends left, so
you should know how to protect yourself, how to stop racism, know racism is bad and take care of
yourself. There are many other important things about taking care of yourself too, such as standing
up for yourself and respecting others for who they are, what they look like and what they believe in.
You should be able to choose whether you want protection or

The Modern Welfare State Essay
Introduction
Article 25 of the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights, (UNDHR) legitimizes the socio–
economic rights of citizens of all nations as stated below:
Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well being of himself and
his family, including food, clothing, housing, and medical care and necessary social services, and
the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other
lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control" (Hartley Dean; 2004).
The human subject is endemically vulnerable and to survive requires collective organized
mechanism for mutual cooperation and support (Hartley Dean; 2004). To manage this endemic
vulnerability the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A random Google search using the term "welfare state" will reveal multiple results. However the
following three capture the essential elements across the social, economic and political schools of
thoughts. They describe the welfare state as
1. A set of government program that attempt to provide economic security for populations by
providing for the people when they are unemployed, ill or elderly.
2. A system whereby the state undertakes ostensibly to protect the health and well–being of its
citizens, especially those in financial needs .
3. A state whose government devotes a very large proportion of its activities and expenditures to the
direct provision of the personal benefits to be consumed by qualifying individuals or families, or
governmental entities in the form of supplies, professional services, government issued stipends,
allowances or subsidies.
Central in all these definitions is the role of the state vis–à–vis the citizens. The state has the
responsibility to carter for its citizens irrespective of what the citizens do for the state. This means
that the welfare state is not a give and take or a "two way game". It is not based on any political
agreement or pact between politicians, parties and the population to exchange votes in favour of
welfare facilities. This should not be confused with the notion of a quasi–contract based on the
principle of reciprocity, which places the emphasis on mutual obligation and responsibility between
state and

Lack Of Animal Welfare In The United States
According to the Humane Society of the United States, there is a growing problem with people in
the United States not properly using animal welfare. Animal rights activists believe that animals
were not put here for human use and should be able to live their lives free of human intervention.
Animal welfare is better for all animals and for human benefit while using the animals. The
American Veterinary Medical Association says that, "Animal welfare refers to the state of the
animal; the treatment that an animal receives is covered by other terms such as animal care, animal
husbandry, and humane treatment. Protecting an animal's welfare means providing for its physical
and mental needs." Providing for an animal's physical needs includes

The Pros And Cons Of Welfar Welfare State
While living in a state, the individuals expect and expect rightly that they ought to be given their
essential necessities of life by the state and the government. In the advanced idea of state, securing
the essential rights of the individuals and giving them the necessities to carry on with a superior life
are considered as the fundamental elements of a state. (Sherzai, 2013)
Indeed, the elements of a state, to a large degree, rely on upon the end it seeks after. Some time ago
the state performed extremely constrained capacities and was essentially concerned with the upkeep
of lawfulness and insurance of the nation from outside hostility. This sort of state was known as
Police State. Nonetheless, in the advanced times the way of the state has experienced completely
change. It is no more simply a police state performing extremely confined number of capacities.
Then again the elements of the state have colossally extended and it has been changed into a welfare
state, which attempted to perform most extreme of capacities, contingent upon its assets. (Sherzai,
2013)
The welfare state takes numerous conceivable structures yet underlines more noteworthy balance of
income distribution and opportunity, more prominent certification to all of sufficient nourishment,
apparel, shelter, and therapeutic care, and more prominent general economic stability and security.
(Wilson, 1965) The point of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first concerns the financing of welfare capitalism after the financial crisis: slower growth and
productivity are accelerating the process of de–industrialization in favor of the emerging powers.
The second challenge relates to the disjuncture between existing social protection regimes, and new
social risks and needs. Structural changes in labor markets, demography, and families create new
pressures and demands that traditional social protection systems are often poorly equipped to
negotiate. (Policy Network,

What Is the Function of the Welfare State?
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE WELFARE STATE?
The question set is so broad that I shall have to be selective. I shall conduct my answer in relation to
the British Welfare State. Before we can successfully understand the function of the Welfare State
we must first be clear of its definition. Although I recognise that Britain has a long history of
providing forms of welfare to its citizens though relief like the poor–law between the sixteenth and
twentieth centuries, I intend to look at the post–war history of the Welfare State. I shall then move
on to looking at the main provisions that the British Welfare State makes and how it works in a
constantly changing society. I shall focus on the intimate relationship between the Welfare State and
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The second line of thought is that the State also has the duty to not only help the worse off but also
help those who are better off. The State should help the better off to ‘safeguard and improve their
position' in economic and societal terms. This supports State intervention in various formally private
services, for example, State pensions and government grants for students wanting to undertake
higher education. It aims to make benefits more or less proportionate to individual earnings.
The third line of thought that Sleeman identifies ‘has in many ways conflicted with both of the first
two'. It involves using the social services to reduce inequality of income and opportunity. It implies
providing social security to those who cannot earn, which is not merely a minimum income (as the
first view implies) but rather an adequate amount so that they can have an average standard of
living. It also conflicts with the second view in that it implies relatively high, but flat rate, standard
rates of benefit. This is still considered by the majority as the most desirable view; however it is also
very costly. (Sleeman, 1979).
Many argue that the central function of the Welfare State is a commitment to full employment.
Indeed Marsh argues that it is certainly a defining characteristic of a Welfare State.
Since the well–being

Argument for Welfare in the United States Essay
Can a single mother of three working full time for minimum wage afford to pay ' by herself ' for
food, clothing, transportation, childcare, occupational training and medical care? Without
government aid, the obvious answer is no. Temporary Aid to Needy Families (TANF), as described
by Robert Kuttner, is a government aid program designed 'to help all of the working poor rise out of
poverty.' It includes tuition reimbursements, wage supplements, and above all, childcare? (Kuttner).
It creates a more equal opportunity for those at a disadvantage to improve themselves and their
situation. TANF, 'which limits the time families can remain on welfare, appears to be a smashing
success' (Cohn). First, if eligibility were to become stricter, seeking ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
(Dr. Adams). Citing the aforementioned requirements, it is obvious that making eligibility stricter
would not help, but, for three specific reasons, would instead hurt the nation?s welfare system.
First, if the government were to make welfare eligibility stricter it would impede on the attempts of
those below the poverty line trying to find a job. TANF ?can free up additional dollars for work
related expenses and other basic needs and thus aid families? efforts to move from welfare to work?
(Sard and Daskal). It is needed to help pay for those ?necessities that often accompany employment,
such as additional clothing and food costs, child care, and transportation to and from work? (Sard
and Daskal). The program does not just hand out money, but provides the aid needed to ?achieve
self–sufficiency? through employment (Cohn). Without the additional money for clothing, food
costs, child care, and transportation, an individual would not be able to maintain employment and
abide by the TANF requirements. It is evident that TANF is necessary for those individuals that live
in poverty and are seeking employment. If the requirements were to become stricter, the number of
the employed and those living below the poverty line would increase simultaneously.
Second, those in need cannot become productive members of society if an education or occupational
training is not in

The Rise Of The Welfare State
The Rise of the Welfare State
In America today, just over ten million people are on unemployment insurance, one hundred and ten
million people are on welfare, and the total government spending annually is around one hundred
and thirty billion dollars (Welfare Statistics). The welfare state is a political system based on the
proposition that the government has the individual responsibility to ensure that the minimum
standard of living is met for all citizens. Specifically, in the matters of health care, public education,
employment, and social security, the welfare state assumes all responsibility. According to John
Rawls, "In a just society the liberties of equal citizenship are taken as settled; the rights secured by
justice are not subject to political bargaining or to the calculus of social interests. The only thing that
permits us to acquiesce in an erroneous theory is the lack of a better one; analogously, an injustice is
tolerable only when it is necessary to avoid an even greater injustice"(Rawls). In the 1840s, Otto
Von Bismarck, the first Chancellor of Germany, was the father of the modern welfare state. He built
the program to win over the support of the working middle class in Germany and ultimately reduce
the outflow of immigrants to the U.S., where welfare did not exist (Welfare State). In the United
States, not all companies provided workers with benefits, thus the workers appealed to the
government, giving rise to the first form of welfare capitalism.

What Is the Evidence of Welfare State Retrenchment ?
What is the evidence of welfare state retrenchment in western welfare states?
1. Introduction
1. Crisis of Welfare State
At the end of the 1970's, the welfare state moved into crisis (OECD, 1981; Rosanvallon, 1981). As
the period of high economic growth ended and stagflation appeared, governments couldn't afford the
social expenditure which had been expanded before. Fiscal deficit appeared and unemployment rate
started to increase with economic depression.
The idea shared by neo–Marxists and neoliberals was that the redistributive logic of the welfare
state was contradicted by the logic of capitalism and that the welfare activities of the state would
have to be rolled back or reconfigured so as to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There has been relatively rapid decrease in Net Replacement Rate among some western countries
after 1975.
.
3. Conclusion
As we can see the graph above, it seems that the long increase in social rights has been turned into a
decline considering Averaged Net Replacement Rate.
However, averaged decreases cannot be described as an overall dismantling of these social insurance
programs. There are considerable differences among countries in these three social–insurance
programs. It's because the existing institutions and social interest which are different among
countries affect the country's decision on a social policy.[7]
Thus, we can conclude that there has been overall decrease in western countries in terms of welfare
benefit, but significant retrenchment has taken place in several countries.
New developments taken together –globalization, European Union integration, aging national
populations, major societal changes, technological progress– pointed to the need for a thorough
overhaul of state welfare systems and it would have made the countries reform their own welfare
systems.[8] It's just the process to be adapted to the new economic and social conditions.

Although it's clear that major countries have focused on the reforming welfare policies and

United States Government Welfare Essay
United States Government Welfare began in the 1930's during the Great Depression. Franklin D.
Roosevelt thought of this system as an aid for low–income families whose men were off to war, or
injured while at war. The welfare system proved to be beneficial early on by giving families
temporary aid, just enough to help them accommodate their family's needs. Fast forward almost 90
years, and it has become apparent that this one once helpful system, has become flawed. Welfare
itself and the ideologies it stands on, contains decent fundamentals; furthermore, this system of aid
needs only to be reformed to better meet the needs of today's society.
Following the Stock Market Crash of 1929, the United States fell into the worst economic ... Show
Many different programs were created, all of which were designed to provide Americans jobs, give
temporary aid to the needy, and in a broad sense just get America out of the Great Depression.
Welfare was implemented to provide temporary aid to the needy so that they could use such capital
to get back on his/her feet and continue with a productive life ("Fix Welfare").
Welfare was accepted as a success and continued for almost sixty years. In the 1990's Americans
began to question the effectiveness of the government welfare system. In 1992, President Bill
Clinton took office. One of his main problems to address while in office was the corrupted welfare
system. After four years of brainstorming and planning, the United States Government decided upon
how to eliminate the corrupted members of society from collecting government welfare.
In 1996, the federal government came to the conclusion that the welfare system should be placed in
the hands of the state governments. With this in mind, the Temporary Aid to Needy Families was
established. The TANF is more governed towards getting people back into the workforce by
requiring recipients to engage in job searches, and participate in community service. The previous
phase of welfare was more for providing people with capital in the hopes that he/she would use it to
get back on his/her feet. The TANF is still known as welfare to the public ("Government Spends").
In the new welfare program,

Welfare Of The United States
Welfare is a subject of debate in the United States because everyone has a different point of view
when it comes to the Social Security Act. On one side the rich may feel that the government takes
from the rich, and gives to the poor. The poor on the other hand may believe that they are being
forgotten and not helped enough by the government. Are the government financial assistance
programs really working and helping people climb out of poverty or are they creating lazy people
who depend on government assistance too much? Poverty has been an issue of great debate in
America for centuries. Before the Social Security Act was passed, the United States government did
not have a stable plan to help/aid the poor. It was the local governments' responsibility to care for
their disadvantaged. Many Americans believe only the poor receive welfare aid or benefits from the
government, they are misguided, because even though welfare is a program who aids the poor it also
helps most Americas in one way or another. Also, welfare helps big name corporations by giving
them government funding for research he also gives them loans, grants, and tax breaks. In 2015 it
was the eightieth year anniversary since President Theodore Roosevelt passed The Social Security
Act law, and the problem has gotten worse not better. The purpose for this act was to help the
unemployed or underemployed during the great depression. However, it extended to the poor
through a variety of programs. In Addition, the

Welfare Reform : The United States
In 1935, President Roosevelt signed into law the Social Security Act, sending the United States onto
the historically unprecedented path of the welfare of the welfare state. In the wake of his footsteps,
aggressive expansion has grown welfare programs to include everything from Medicare to food
stamps. Many would say that the US government is not only obligated morally to provide welfare
but also that it provides extensive societal economic windfalls. However, critics of welfare argue
that the flaws of the US welfare system and its runaway nature outweigh the potential benefits.
There are currently two prevalent narratives on the duties, the obligations, of a government, both of
which have been used to justify government welfare. The first, and most vocal is that a government,
in general and without exception, ought to protect its own citizens from any and all harms. The
second popular narrative is where the government is strictly in existence to protect the rights (life,
liberty, property, Bill of Rights, et cetera) of its citizens. First, it is first imperative to know that
14.5% of American families are below the poverty line and struggle to even place food on the table
and are in a real danger of starving (Bread). Whether it is to protect its citizens from poverty or their
lives from the effect of it, most would agree that the government has a moral obligation to act. Thus,
it is reproachable for a government to take no action in protecting its citizens from from the

Welfare Of The Welfare State
The welfare state in Britain as we know it today did not exist, looking back through the 18th and
19th Centuries many of the social welfare benefits that are available to Britain's today were not even
imaginable to the people at that time. Today much of the help that is available to those in the
margins of society is seen as an obligation for the state to correct. However in the Elizabethan Era
the attitudes towards welfare and the poor were very negative and unsympathetic. In this essay I will
be discussing welfare before the 'classic welfare state', the provisions for poor, the key features of
the welfare state and why it was developed.
The key features of the welfare state are very linked to the 1942 report on Social Insurance and
Allied Services or also known as the Beveridge Report. The key features I have identified of the
classic welfare state is the National Health Service (NHS), Social insurance, Housing, Education
and Full employment. Asa Briggs a British historian defined the welfare state as a state which
"...organised power is deliberately used in order to play of the market in 3 direction; by guaranteeing
an individuals a minimum income, narrowing extent of insecurity by enabling people to meet certain
'social contingencies' which lead to family or individual crisis and thirdly by ensuring that all
citizens without distinction of status or class are offered the best standards available to a certain
agreed range of social services'. Kauffman and DeSwaan also

The Welfare State Essay
HISTORY OF THE WELFARE STATE: The role and significance of the Beveridge Report in
establishing the Welfare State in Britain.
The purpose of this essay is to look at the long history of the Welfare State in Britain and the
evolving social, economic and political changes in society today, as well as the birth of the Welfare
State after the Second World War which was the turning point (watershed) in British History. The
freshly appointed Labour government by then took on the job of setting up a 'welfare state' that
would systematically deal with the 'five giant evils' proposed by William Beveridge in a report,
which later became known as the Beveridge report. The British welfare state, if it is to be defined, it
is generally incorporated ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As much as the 'five giant' differs from each other, there is a connection between the five of them,
for example, unemployment in society causes people to lack financially and this can lead to lack of
good medical care, want, poor housing and etc. The Five giant evils; Want, essentially this refers to
poverty or lack, during the post war a lot of the British people were in need, they had no basic
financial support and health care to keep them alive as well as keeping them above the poverty line
by which income does not cover necessities. Due to lack of financial support people could not afford
education and this resulted in lack of knowledge which is referred to as Ignorance, this was due to
poor education. To make matter worst there was no national health care because, this had to be paid
for, but there was no money and medical care was not free and this led to the outbreak of many
diseases such as cholera, this was also linked to want, no money no medical care. Nevertheless,
there were hospitals and only the rich in society could afford medical treatment, however, today the
welfare state had made medical treatment available for all regardless of employment status. People
were living in slums because there was poor housing and this was referred to as squalors, there is no

Importance Of Social Welfare State
After the World War II, in 1945 the UK labour (Centre–left political) government with Clement
Attlee as a premier minister has adopted a social policy for the country which is called social
welfare state. Since, this subject has been on politic debate for decades. Some political parties
support the idea of the welfare state, however others argue that it must be reformed, and the far–
right go even further by asking about its abolition. That is why this essay aim to discuss about the
UK social welfare state in a reference of Paul Spicker (2017) research. It will explain how it's no
longer meet its original aims and visions as inequalities are thought to be caused more by lifestyle
choices than by socio–economic circumstances. As a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
And attempted to accomplish William Beveridge proposal of the welfare state by introducing
reforms to establish the Welfare State that came to challenge "lasses–faire" notions of state. A
welfare state is the state that looks after the basic needs of its people. This should freedom people
from need, universal provision for all and comprehensive in that it covers all types of need. It was
establish because of the impact of World War II and the Beveridge Report.
The welfare state improves access to health care: Providing all citizens equal access to necessary
health care is highly important to the continued success of the UK society. This is significantly a
literal life–saver to those who are struggling to find consistent employment, which means that they
are having a difficult time obtaining good health insurance, as well as to those with disabilities. It
also provides some children their essential needs: Children do not deserve to be born to parents who
are not capable of handling the financial responsibility to provide food and shelter for them, but
unfortunately, there are children who are not receiving their basic needs. This is where welfare
comes into play, helping unfit parents to take care of their children. Finally, it helps reduce crime
rates: While it is difficult to attribute crime rates to any specific government policy or law, it is easy
to associate not providing citizens with their basic needs with them resorting to a life of crime just to
keep food on

Welfare In The United States
Welfare in the United States refers to the Federal Government programs that have been put in place
to assist the unemployed. Welfare programs include Medicaid, WIC Program, Supplemental
Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), and
Section 8 (HUD). The history of Welfare in the U.S started long before the welfare programs we
know. Laws were made for those who were unable to work due to their age or physical health, and
those who were able, but unemployed. Eligibility for a Welfare program depends on numerous
factors. It's determined using gross, net income, size of family, and different situations such as
pregnancy, homelessness, or unemployment. A case worker will be assigned to those applying to ...
It is administrated by the Office of Needy Families. TANF replaces the federal program known as
Welfare and enables states to offer a wide variety of social services. One change from the old
welfare is that TANF recipients must participate in work activities in order to receive benefits. This
means that parents receiving TANF must be employed in some capacity, working towards
employment, or taking classes increasing their employability. The goal of TANF is to provide
families in need with a combination of financial assistance and work opportunities so that they can
eventually become

How Did The Welfare State Set Up After Ww2
The Beveridge report was published in 1942 and is also known as the report on Social Insurance and
Allied Services. It strongly influenced the founding of the welfare state. The economist William
Beveridge, also a Liberal politician, was set the task of setting up a plan of post–war social
reconstruction and claimed society had 5 "Giant Evils": squalor, ignorance, want (poverty), idleness
(unemployment), and disease, which had to be tackled to create a better Britain. His reform was
meant to address these issues within society by setting up a welfare state. The Beveridge report is
the basis of the welfare state and extremely popular with the British citizens. After the war, the
Labour party attempted to set up what Beveridge had suggested.
D) What were the main features of the new 'Welfare state' set up after WW2? ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The British people were meant to receive aid regardless of their incomes. The poor or homeless
were meant to be helped and everyone was entitled to free healthcare.
The social security aspect introduced the Family Allowances Act in 1945 which gave families 5
shillings a week for each child that was born after the first. During this year it also introduced the
National Insurance Act which meant they would pay the unemployed for duration of six months and
also pay people who were unwell and not able to work until they got better. The following year the
insurance for Industrial Injuries Act was introduced and allowed benefits to people who were injured
at work. In 1948 the National Assistance Act gave benefits to anybody in need which helped fight
poverty in

To what extent is the welfare state of the 21st century...
To what extent is the welfare state of the 21st century similar to that envisaged by William
Beveridge?
This essay will commence by explaining who William Beveridge was and what problems he seen
within the welfare state. Following on from this, it will then compare the welfare state of the 21st
century to that seen by William Beveridge in his famous "report of the Inter–Departmental
Committee on Social Insurance and Allied Services" which was published on the 1st December
1942, discussing problems and similarities. The "five giant evils" Beveridge claimed to exist will be
indentified and analyzed in depth and how Clement Attlee's 1945 Labour government pledged to
eliminate these evils. Margaret Thatcher was the first woman conservative ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This was the only change that proved more giving; all other changes were less giving. Benefits for
the unemployed were not discarded but were only to last for 30 weeks. Marriage and training grants
for the self employed were discarded, and most importantly, the scale of the payments received from
the contributory scheme fell below the minimum needed for continuation. This resulted in the need
for national assistance being means tested, this over the years grew more and more important, which
was not what Beveridge had intended. Now, the benefits for the unemployed, more commonly
known as 'Job Seekers Allowance' are calculated annually as to what a person can claim in a week.
"On June 29, 2009 the maximum payable was £65.45 per week for a person aged over 25, £53.45
per week for a person aged 18–24. The rules for couples where both are unemployed are more
complex, but a maximum of £102.75 per week is payable, dependent on age and other factors."
(Benefit & Tax Credit Rates 2006). The system now is a lot more complex and intricate and
although a lot of people rely on the benefit system for survival, poverty is still an enormous issue as
it was in the 1940's. Other acts which were put in place to tackle want/poverty include the Family
Allowances Act and the National Assistance Act
So how did the Labour Government tackle the other four giants? There were policy initiatives put in
place relating to each giant individually. For

The Differences Between The And The British Welfare State
Welfare state in a country is essential for the economic and social well–being of their citizen, this is
also historically a very important achievement for the inhabitant who are supported in case of need.
Welfare state is different in every nation and there are four models in Europe: the Nordic model, the
Continental model, the Anglo–Saxon model and the Mediterranean model. Because of these
differences it would be interesting to make a contrast between two of them, as among the Italian
Welfare state and the British welfare state, in order to understand the weaknesses and strengths of
both the systems.
The Mediterranean model includes the Italian welfare state, in which the ideal of family has a
central role, in facts it is the main resort of this system. Family has the responsibility of children and
elderly people and the state has only a marginal function, which is assist them in doing this task. The
six main pillars of this system are the health care, the social security, the education, the housing, the
unemployment and the pension.
On the other hand, there is the Anglo Saxon Model, which main purpose is the prevention of poverty
and social exclusion. This model was built upon the proposal of Lord Beveridge, who in 1942
declared that there were "five giants on the road to reconstruction", those were poverty, disease,
ignorance, squalor and idleness. After World War II Beveridge proposed an idea of welfare state,
which was based on social security, National Health

The Australian Welfare State and How to Kick it
Welfare dependency has increased dramatically since the mid 1960's, with a growing trend of more
claimants and fewer payers. Saunders believes the welfare system is revealing serious flaws which
are encouraging welfare dependency mainly due to a system which does not encourage self–reliance
and work ethic for the majority of recipients. Saunders addresses the issue of poverty amongst
welfare dependent households, arguing that current benefits sit above the poverty line and that
increased benefits will not necessarily solve poverty, alternatively increasing dependency beyond
current levels. He recognises the efficiency and equity implications of the current system, calling for
significant and simultaneous reforms to the tax system, labour ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Lack of work generated income while receiving welfare clearly leads to dependency if the
surrounding structural conditions promote this option for the public. High Effective Marginal Tax
Rates are one of the structual explanations for why people perceive welfare as maximising their
options in regard to income and work. Lowering tax is one efficient solution to counter act poverty
in welfare dependency. In 2003, 8% of the working population endured EMTR's of 60% or more
(Saunders, 2004: 139). Because income support is based off combined family income while taxation
is based individually, many part time second income earners see that working is not worth their
while (Saunders, 2004: 139). Incentive based welfare reform should mean not punishing those who
choose to work (if able) instead of receive benefits on weak claims. Saunders tax reforms suggest
that in order for labour to be encouraged the tax system must sit equal with the welfare system in
measuring a families income, acknowledging how many people have to be supported by combined
income (Saunders, 2004: 143). Other solutions to the effects of high EMTR's are to raise the tax free
threshold, replace means tested child payments with flat rate payments (Saunders, 2004: 142).
Regulatory failures in regard to the labour market hasn't helped Australia's Welfare system
encourage people into work. High minimum award wages has cut job

Beveridge Report On The Welfare State
This essay will discuss the key points of the 'Beveridge report' (1942), and evaluate the significance
of the report on the welfare state. In November 1942, William Beveridge presented a report called,
'Social Insurance and Allied Services' to parliament. This was a summary of principles to improve
upon the existing welfare benefits system, to benefit working people and the population. The
document proposed a new system to be operated by one governing agency, called Social Security.
This would be put in place by the state after World War 2 had ended. Overall Beveridge created the
most revolutionary document in our history. Beveridge has played a significant role in evolving the
Welfare State over the decades. (Robinson, 2003).
The main ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Administration – The Social Insurance scheme would need to make big changes to the
administration process for this scheme to run smoothly and be successful. Beveridge wanted every
worker to obtain one insurance document weekly, rather than two. He saw this as an opportunity for
the new system to be under one governing agency called The Ministry of Social Security. The new
system also implemented 'classes' to the National Insurance scheme, such as: Class I for employees:
Class II for Employers, traders, self–employed and any other independent workers: Class III
Housewives (this has now been amended for all people of working age, who have had a break in
employment, or earn too little for it to be recorded): Class IV Others of working age or not working
(self employed).
The National Insurance scheme is still in force today, some changes have since been made to the
insurance classes, but it still has the same point. The class you pay depends on your employment
status and how much you earn, and whether you have any gaps in your National Insurance record. A
great way to make the National Insurance more functional was changing the original two piece
document just to one. Over 20 million people received these documents, so in essence this saved
time, money and paperwork. Beveridge's overall goal was to set in motion a strong Social Insurance
Scheme that was functional and up to date, benefiting all involved to make the

Welfare State Turning Points 1830-1948
So, one may argue the creation of the welfare state is the turning point 1830–1948. The term
'welfare state' represented a new concept of how the state should relate to the people and was
developed by the 1945 Labour government. It was heavily influenced by a report in 1942 –'Social
Insurance and Allied Services' – published by William Beveridge. The report was a response to the
existing problems of poverty as he set out to attack the 'five giants': want, squalor, disease,
ignorance and idleness. The report produced a comprehensive manifesto of social reform, proposing
that the social security system cover the whole population with benefits available to support people
facing any crisis disrupting their normal income: unemployment, sickness, disability, death of the ...
There was still some confusion around the scheme and disbelief all around. For instance, Aneurin
Bevan was forced to engage in a fierce two years battle with the British Medical Associations about
doctors participating in the a national health service. In addition, by March 1948, 13% still saw the
NHS as a bad idea. Although 61% did see the NHS as a good idea which is a large portion of the
population. So, while not all poverty eradicated it was a huge leap in the right direction. Therefore
the new welfare state was a radical turning point because the state were responsible at a national
level to provide social security for the whole population – no one was excluded. This meant that not
only the richest sections of society would benefit but also the poorest sections – everyone could
benefit from welfare provision, particularly from family allowances and the National Health
Service. Therefore, the welfare state is the turning point in provision for the

Welfare Of The United States
Welfare Research paper
Since the dawn of the United States, our nation's government has committed to helping its people to
advance society and its general welfare. As early as 1785, America's federal government reserved
lands in the Articles of Confederation that would be set aside for the placement of schools and other
establishments for the public domain. In 1789 the federal government acquired the responsibility of
providing pensions to disabled veterans of the Revolutionary War. Later that year the earliest form
of health insurance was established to protect merchant seamen. Since then welfare has evolved into
a vast network of economic relief for those in need. Welfare's evolution is greatly attributed to the
many economic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Today the programs made are more antiquated for our ever changing society, Programs like TANF
(Temporary Assistance for Needy Families), AFDC (Aid to Families with Dependent Children),
Food stamps, and a plethora of other programs that help those in need (Merriam). However, are all
of the people that use the welfare programs really in dire need of economic assistance? Do some
people cheat the system and just live off the government and abuse a system that many actually rely
on? Should People be so dependent on their basic needs from one source? The welfare program is a
very porous system that can be abused and misused, creating dependency, misuse of tax dollars by
those who use it and do not need it, as well as promoting unemployment and should be reformed.
Welfare, like communism, sounds favorable in theory, but when implemented, there are so many
problems that the system will inevitably fail. Today's welfare programs create a weak society in
America by often creating dependency on the government for everyday needs, unemployment by
making it easier to obtain funds from the government rather than work, all while using a broken
system that is constantly abused and ruining the programs for those who are actually in need. In the
book "The Glass Castle", by Jeannette Walls, the welfare is a major theme in the book. The parents
in the book refuse to get welfare assistance (out of pride) even though

Canadian Welfare State : An Overview
Canadian Welfare State
Ramya Gobitharan
Mr. Vallier
CIE4U1
Friday September 26th 2014
If you were asked are you against or for the Canadian Welfare State, what would you answer? Prior
to all of the research that I have constructed for this assignment, I had little knowledge about the
Canadian Welfare State. There is a lot of criticism and support from those who are against and for
the Canadian Welfare State, but what exactly is it? Before coming up with my opinion I had to get to
know the Welfare State, its history, and the advantages and disadvantages of it.
Prior to the great depression, there was no formal welfare system. The local governments sometimes
helped people who were in need. Social welfare was first introduced in 1938 right before the Second
World War. There was persistently high unemployment – reaching about 20%. This caused the
provincial and federal government to begin providing relief programs and social assistance. The
government continued to expand its spending on social welfare programs and by the 2nd half of the
1900s, the government started borrowing tons of money and using lots of tax dollars to uphold the
social welfare safety net. . This concept came to the people as controversial. Some were opposed to
the idea and others saw it as an improvement to the system.
The Welfare State has its own benefits and drawbacks. Even though social welfare has its own
issues and weaknesses, it can be considered as one of the most important things in our

Welfare State: An Introduction to Social Policy
Free Essays – Social Policy Essays
Modern welfare state development is generally considered to lead to social security or benefits
payments, social housing provision, health provision, social work and educational services.
Together these services are known as the 'big five ' but these services tend to develop over time and
have differed in quantity, availability and quality. Provision and development can change due to
social, economic and political factors (Spicker, 1995, p. 3). State provision of welfare has a long
history, in Britain for instance dating back to the Elizabethan Poor Laws and earlier. Welfare states
started to develop when surveys of poverty by people such as Charles Booth showed the inadequacy
of welfare provisions ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There emerged new and radical liberalism that called for increased welfare provision and the
emergence of limited welfare states. The British Liberal governments of 1906–1914 epitomized that
approach by introducing state old age pensions and labour exchanges for the unemployed (Comfort,
1993, p. 347). In contrast Germany had already had a well–developed welfare state provision by
1900. Curiously Bismarck who wanted a healthy well–educated population drew up this system (M
Donald Hancock et al, 1998, p.295).
Two new liberals in the form of William Beveridge and John Maynard Keynes where the respective
architects of the Atlee government 's comprehensive welfare state and postwar interventionist
economic policies or Keynesian (Bellamy from Eatwell and Wright, 2003, p. 33).
Beveridge had plenty of experience in welfare policy having being in charge of the labour
exchanges and lecturing on economics at Oxford University and the London School of Economics.
Keynes had been an economics adviser to the British government and inspired the New Deal
programme in the USA (Crystal, 1998, pp. 105 & 523).
Marxism was developed by Karl Marx in conjunction with Fredrich Engels and led to a second
keynote theory of developing the welfare state. Of course Marx and Engels were not concerned with
such issues as they wished to promote communism and work towards the working classes taking
over economic and political power from the capitalist classes. A Marxist

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