How Information System Impact Business And How It Can Win...

How Information System Impact Business And How It Can Win...
Executive Summary
This report is for Sheltex petrol service stations in Australia. Sheltex is facing a problem after
merged two petrol stations. There are two options for Sheltex one option would be two service
stations nearby could sell different fuels like one sell E10 and RON95 and the other one sell RON98
and Diesel. Another option could be one station sells fuels and the other one can be a small
supermarket or parking space. Even can make more other services for customers. The report aims to
identify which option is better for Sheltex. The report also explains difference between IS and IT
issues in business and how to attract new customers for Sheltex.
In this report will discuss how information system impact business and how to use IT to win more
benefit and new customers. Information system for a business is about using of information
processing systems, information program, information storage and information. Information systems
are using for all kind of business in the real time. The business cannot run without IT. Anyhow, the
development process faculty of communications technology and computer technology. Information
system has been greatly improved. It has been inseparable from communications technology and
computer technology in the current information system. It tells that information system generally
refers to people co–exist. Information systems typically include data processing systems,
management information systems, decision support systems and office
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Case Study : Apple Inc.
Main Body
Statement of Problems and Purpose of Analysis
Apple Inc. in 2012: Can it sustain its growth and defend against new competitive threats?
The purpose of analyzing Apple Inc. is to determine if as an international company operating in a
competitive global market Apple can sustain its lead over its main competitors. Having looked at the
strengths, weaknesses, opportunity and threats of Apple Inc. the analysis will focus on how the
company will use its brand name and customer's loyalty to gain and retain a competitive advantage.
The information technology industry is very dynamic and extremely competitive. Being an
innovator and trendsetter Apple relies on new product development through its research and
development division to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
My recommendation would be to use an integrative approach which will incorporate growth
strategy, sustainable competitiveness and differentiation strategies. Apple has to ensure continuous
innovation and expansion of product line. This initiative will undoubtedly increases customer
loyalty given that the company constantly aims to meets their needs with innovation, unique designs
and frequent updates of existing products. In addition to the differentiated strategy Apple will
provide a great franchising option in an effort to increase product distribution while maintaining low
cost
In addition to the differentiation strategy there is a need for Apple to implement a retention strategy.
Given the level of production coupled with the rapid growth in the technology industry, Apple has to
ensure that they implement a retention strategy. To remain competitive and ensure success the
continued service and availability of key personnel is extremely critical. Future growth and success
critically depends on the availability and service of key personnel, including the Chief Executive
Officer, executive team and other highly skilled employees. Qualified and experienced individuals
are in high demand in the technology industry as their talents is intense and well needed to carry out
the required production of

Cooking Up Trouble
Case #3: Cooking Up Trouble 1. What resources and capabilities did Martha Stewart living
Omnimdeia appear to have prior to the trial and conviction? Have these resources and capabilities
changed? Explain. * Martha Stewart living Omnimedia had powerful and trustworthy resources and
the capabilities included: very extensive and specific merchandise lines that were advertised and
sold in big distributors like Kmart and Sherwin Williams. This company had positioned its resources
and capabilities well to exploit sociocultural and demographic trends. Now these capabilities have
changed because these products were involved solely around Martha Stewart's image. With her
personal image being "stained" the company has a hard decision to ... Show more content on
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Resources – Inputs into a firm's production process such as capital equipment, skill of individual
employees, patents, finance, and talented managers * Tangible Resources – Assets that can be seen
and quantified * Intangible Resources – Family commitment, networks, organizational culture,
reputation, intellectual property rights, trademarks, copyrights By themselves, resources do not
create a strategic advantage for the firm. 2. Capabilities – can be defined as 1) organizational
capabilities – the network of organizational routines and processes that determine how efficiently
and effectively the organization transforms its inputs (resources) into outputs (products including
physical goods and services) and 2) dynamic capabilities – an organizations ability to build,
integrate and reconfigure capabilities to address rapidly changing environments. * Capacity to
deploy resources that have been purposely integrated to achieve a desired end state. * Primary base
for the firm's capabilities is the skills and knowledge of its employees. * Just because the firm has a
strong capacity for deploying resources does not mean it has a competitive advantage. 3. Core
Competencies – * Resources and capabilities serve as a source of competitive advantage for a firm
over its rival. * Not all resources and capabilities are core competencies. * Many suggest

F&N Strategic Management
STEP 1 :EXISTING MISSION, VISSION AND STRATEGIES
Vision: "To be a world–class multinational enterprise with an Asian base, providing superior returns
with a focus on the Food & Beverage, Properties and Publishing & Printing businesses."
Mission: "To be a world–class multinational enterprise providing superior returns to our
shareholders, excellent value for our customers and a rewarding career for our employees."
STRATEGIES
F&N existing strategy is differentiation , this is through product innovation (coming up with
new products), brand name (Magnolia, Seasons, 100 plus), distribution channels (the Asian region
and also soon the Middle East with its Halal certification)
STRENGTHEN AND GROW THE CORE Maximize synergies and ... Show more content on
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Following analysis on the company's business operation, it becomes obvious that the company's
competitive advantage lies solely on it brands, employees and financial strategy.
Why consumers prefer F &N
This competitive advantage is as a result of the highly experienced employees with versatile
business initiative, which constitute the company management team. Furthermore, the performance
of their products is as a result of the company's aggressive marketing strategy, product development,
market expansion as well as cost leading strategy implored to maintain their competitive brands in
the market. Considering the numerous brands produced by the company to satisfy the needs of
different segments, have earned the company numerous awards, ranging from "Brand Laureatte
Award–best brand for food & beverage–isotonic drinks in Malaysia 2010", The readers
Digested Trusted brand– Gold award in Singapore and Malaysia etc
STEP 10
HOW TO MAINTAIN THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE In order to maintain the competitive
advantage of the company , the company should use differentiation strategic this means the
company will have to be going toe–to–toe with the

Business Analysis- International Strategy and Competitive...
Introduction According to Iliev et al (2004, p. 133), Apple Inc. was selling its products exclusively
in America, initially. Nowadays, Apple has expanded significantly beyond domestic market. Apple
has so far succeeded to become a multinational organization, selling products and resourcing law
materials globally. To minimize the impact of the existing rivalry in the PC industry at the global
edge and to maintain competitive advantage, Apple applies non–competition strategies, (Yoffie,
2004). This section examines the strategies adopted Apple Inc to penetrate and to manage rivalry in
the global market. Further, this part looks into the competitive advantages of Apple Inc, which
enable it to maintain competitive edge In the PC industry ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
In fact, today, iTunes account for 70% for global market for digital music downloads, (Jones, 2011).
The combination of product development and product proliferation strategies is beneficial to Apple
since the perceived value of the products of Apple Inc. generated through innovation and superior
design proves to be inimitable competency. Thus, as much as this advantage exists, Apple will
continue to lead in the PC industry. However, the product proliferation strategy adopted by Apple
Inc. a major shortcoming. According to Iliev et al (2004, p. 133), this tactic leads to high pressure
for cost reduction and for local responsiveness. This makes this approach the most difficult to
realize, but if a company succeeds, it can obtain a low cost structure and also considerable level of
customer acceptance. According to Iliev et al (2004, p. 133), Apple applies this approach, but, it has
not yet attained the optimal point. As a result, the majority of computer owners in the global market
do not know much about Apple's technology. For Apple to attain appropriately low cost situation, it
has to come up with ways to persuade PC users in the global market from the very entry of their
innovative and technological superiority. Competitive advantage Apple Inc faces great competition
form other companies in the PC industry such as Dell, Compaq and Gateway. This forces Apple to
come up with competitive strategies which

Swot Matrix
ATW393E Tutorial Exercise Group: F4 Chan Kean Sam (100235) Kong Feng Pei (100309) Wong
Kit Wah (100437) Zhao Yu (103247)
____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________ Exercise 5 * SWOT Matrix
SWOT analysis, or SWOT Matrix model is a useful method to analyze the competitive level of a
company. When we want to analyze an internal environment of an organizational, we have to
identify its strength (what an organization best in) and weaknesses (what an organization weak in).
While, to analyze the external environment of a company, we have to identify it opportunities
(potential favorable conditions for an organization) and threats (potential ... Show more content on
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The directional vector represents the strategies to be pursued. (http://www.mba–
tutorials.com/strategy/1151–strategic–position–and–action–evaluation–space–matrix.html) The
following is the SPACE Matrix analysis for HP Corporation: INTERNAL STRATEGY POSITION |
EXTERNAL STRATEGY POSITION | Competitive Advantage | Industry Strength | Customers
preferences Product life cycle Market shares Product quality Technology innovation | –4–3–2–4–3 |
ProductivityFinancial stabilityGrowth potentialProfit potentialResource availability | 65555 |
Average | –3.2 | Average | 5.2 | Total X–axis score = 2.0 | | INTERNAL STRATEGY POSITION |
EXTERNAL STRATEGY POSITION | | Financial Strength | Environmental Stability | Return on
investmentFinancial & operating LeverageLiquidity Cash flowWorking Capital | 55564 |
Competitive pressure Inflation rate Demand elasticity Price range of competitorBarriers to entry | –
3–5–5–3–2 | Average | 5.0 | Average | –3.6 | Total Y–axis score = 1.4 | From the table above, we get
the total x axis score from average competitive advantage and industry strength as well as the total y
axis score from average financial strength and environmental stability. Then, we drew these data
into the graph as follow:

Advantage Of Competitive Advantage
1. Introduction 1.1. Introduction to firm's competitive advantage "Strategy is concerned with
matching a firm's resources and capabilities to the opportunities that arise in the external
environment." (Grant, p. 114, 2016). In basic sense, a firm is a place where a product or service
originates. A firm is a place where a group of people co–operate and co–ordinate with each other to
frame a product or services as per the taste of the customers to reach the organizational goal of
profitability. There is mixture of a lot stakeholders like, suppliers, customers, manufacturers,
distributers, etc. in a firm. "A firm is a legal entity – one that signs contracts with its suppliers,
distributors, employees and often customers." (Chandler, 1992). Competitive advantage is a very
general but genuine term in the present business market. The business market is very competitive.
One has to be very unique as well as customer satisfying in order to sustain in the market for the
long run. "A competitive advantage is an advantage gained over competitors by offering customers
greater value, either through lower prices or by providing additional benefits and service that justify
similar, or possibly higher, prices" (Ehmke, 2008). (Porter, 2008) "Competitive Advantage
introduces the concept of the value chain, a general framework for thinking strategically about the
activities involved in any business and assessing their relative cost and role in differentiation." It can
be in various aspects of

Porter Argues That If a Firm Is to Attain Competitive...
Porter argues that if a firm is to attain competitive advantage; it must choose between the types of
competitive advantage it seeks, discuss using an industrial example? An industry can be defined as a
group of companies offering products that are closely substituting for each other in order to satisfy
customers. Competitive advantage can be defined as when a firm sustains profit which exceeds the
company's average; it automatically possesses competitive advantage over rivals. The business
strategy for most companies is to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. This essay aims to
discuss why firms must choose between types of competitive advantages using an industrial
example. Michael Porter indentified that there are 2 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Porter states that there are 2 types of competitive advantage a firm can possess as mentioned above
however , there are 3 generic strategies for achieving competitive advantage in an industry; cost
advantage/leadership, differentiation and focus. The first type of competitive advantage is cost
advantage /leadership, it is when a firm becomes low cost producer in its industry. It minimizes the
cost to the organization of delivering products and services. According to Porter (1985) , there are
two ways of achieving cost leadership either by increasing profit by reducing costs while charging
the average price. Or by increasing market share through charging lower prices while still achieving
a reasonable profit on each sale because your cost has been reduced. Furthermore, companies that
are successful in achieving cost leadership usually have an access to the capital needed to invest in
technology which helps reduce the cost. Also, they have very efficient logistics and a low cost base
such as labor, materials and facilities (Ibid, 1985). Essentially, if a firm can achieve and maintain
cost leadership, it can obtain above average performance whilst the prices are still affordable in that
industry. Hence, the cost leader does not try to be the industry innovator, it seeks to position its
products to appeal to the average customer taste. The aimed goal is to increase efficiency and lower
its costs in relation to competitors. Some of the

Benefits Of Imitation Over Innovation As An Effective...
INTRODUCTION Companies face critical challenges when making strategic choices in new
product development. Many organizations aim to remain competitive through innovation, while
others opt for strategies of imitation. This paper will focus on the benefits of imitation over
innovation as an effective product development strategy. STRATEGIC TYPES According to
Robinson (2002), there are three strategic types in product development: 1. Market Pioneers
(innovator): Pioneering involves the first to innovate by developing and bringing new products,
technologies, or processes to market. Pioneers invest heavily in R&D for new product development
(Cheek, 2013). 2. Early Followers (imitator): Followers have the ability to read the market better
than innovators, and have a better idea of how to respond to market situations, allowing them to
'leapfrog' the innovator with a better, improved product (Cheek, 2013). 3. Late Entrants (imitator):
Late entrants have the ability to enter the market using superior distribution, heavy advertising and
lower prices. They are not likely to invest in new product development (Cheek, 2013). TYPES OF
IMITATION According to the article in businessperspectives.org, "Imitation may be extended to
products and services generated by the innovator, as well as to its technologies, procedures,
processes, organizational models and market strategies." Some of the types of (lawful) imitation
include the following: Clones: copies of the original product but sold

Business Managers Evaluate And Choose Strategies That They...
Business managers evaluate and choose strategies that they think will make their business
successful. Two most major sources of competitive advantages are business 's cost structure and its
ability to differentiate the business from competitors. (Pearce II & Robinson, Jr., 2013) In order for a
business or an organization to enjoy the highest level of profitability or the growth in an
organization, it is suggested that both competitive advantages should be used. Cost structure refers
to the expenses that a company must be prepared to pay when manufacturing a product or providing
a service. (MBA&Company, 2015) Differentiation in business means making the business or brand
stand out by offering unique features, benefits, or services . This strategy means identifying the most
important criteria used by buyers in the market and then designing product, service or other
offerings in a way that best meets those criteria. (Chron Small Business, 2015) In other words, in
order for a business to be successful, a company or an organization must consider using one or both
competitive advantages for that company to enjoy the highest level of profitability within their
industry. Right Angle is one of the advertising companies located in Lafayette, Louisiana. This
company has been in the market for over 25 years , however, for this company to grow and to be
still in the market in the future, a strategic plan will be made to help this company with its
competitors and to still be the

Canon V. Canon 's Strategic Perspective
During the 1960's, when Canon directly challenged Xerox in the copier market, it is apparent that
the organisation used a range of competitive strategies to achieve surpassing success. Unlike Xerox,
Canon focused their attention on quality, reliability and serviceability from the outset. This
combination along with Canon 's expertise, experience and knowledge of this industry, have allowed
them to successfully challenge and sustain their competitive position in the market.
Canon's strategic perspective was a strong mechanism for their sustained competitive advantage,
adopting an inside–out approach. Canon's strategy was a product focus, whereby it deployed its
technological capabilities to develop a variety of diverse products, which ... Show more content on
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The development of the personal copier market for example, was based on an identified need in the
market, with a clear specification of the product that would meet customer requirements. Evaluating
the market and identifying a specific niche in the market to target was important for Canon, as they
needed to narrow their competition by offering an innovative product to establish themselves as a
pacesetter within the industry.
In the late 1960's Canon initially adopted a business level strategic vision of focusing on the small
copier niche that was left underserved by the organisations rivals using an innovative technology
that was different from that of their competitors. Strategic planning at Canon fundamentally
involved identifying areas within the market that were not well served by existing members of the
industry, such as Xerox, and allocating resources to exploit this market opportunity. This aspect of
their strategy was an attempt to avoid competitive threats; this is reflected in Porters generic
competitive strategies model. The 'focus strategy' involves a firm concentrating on particular niche
markets and, by understanding the dynamics of that market, developing uniquely low cost or well–
specified products for that segment. According to the case study Canon independently developed a
new technology for copiers, unlike the technologies already existing in the market. This decision
allowed Canon to

Lego Group Essay
Q1 Evaluate the external environment in which the LEGO Group operates in.
Conducting the external environment analysis will allow us to examine the opportunities and threats
that the LEGO Group faced. We will go through the environment level using PESTEL framework
followed by industry level using Porter's Five Forces Framework.
1. PESTEL Analysis
PESTEL Analysis
Positive
Negative
Political
Economic
Highly seasonal
Presents uncertainty over sales
Geographical scope and market presence
Going into new market for higher growth
Stagnant and mature market
Social
Change in playing habits
Stop playing with traditional toys
Large female market
Diversify and take up more market share
Technological
Growth in electronic toys
Might impact ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The differentiation in invocation and quality products will also render new entrants difficult to enter
the market. Although the access to distribution channel is low and the expected retaliation in terms
of price wars will low due to the being established companies, the threat of new entrants is assess to
be moderately.

b. Power of buyer
Buyer can have other alternatives buying from LEGO such as switching to Mega Bloks and the
switching cost for them is low. Therefore the bargaining power of buyer is considered high.
c. Power of suppliers
We would consider the bargaining power of supplier to be low as the switching cost is low and
materials used for making plastics and generally available and not scarce.
d. Intensity of Rivalry
LEGO group is ranked number three in the market and the fixed cost of the toy industry is high. The
exit barrier for toy industry is also high as there might be no buyer since most things are going
digital nowadays. Therefore, intensity of rivalry is high.
e. Threat of Substitute Products
The threat of substitute products is high as we can see that there are many other toys available from
electronic toys to playing in digital world.
From using the Porter's Five Forces framework, we can say that the industry faces threat from
buyers, competitors and substitute products. Attention should be place on competitors and substitute
products as they posed significant threat to the LEGO Group. We can see that competitors have been

Emerging Industries & Management Technology
SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT &
INNOVATION MGT 611 EMERGING INDUSTRIES & MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY.
DATE: 15TH JULY, 2011 INTRODUCTION Technology is a greatly dynamic field. Tools and
systems of technology are constantly and ever changing. New ideas and innovations are coming up
every other hour. The think tank of new technologies never sleeps. Needless to say, users of the
same are always on the lookout for newer, better, cheaper and easier to use systems and tools of
technology; those that offer faster and more convenient services than the previous. In view of this,
technology based industries have no much choice but to keep abreast with the new and emerging
changes in the industry. The growth in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is an industry that has growing sales across all the companies in the industry based on growing
demand for the new products, technologies or services made available by the firms participating
industry From the stand point of strategy formulation, the essential characteristic of an emerging
industry is that there are no "rules of the game". The absence of rules presents both a risk and an
opportunity, a wise strategy positions the firm to favorably shape the emerging industry rules.
(Pearce & Robinson, 2007, pp. 245–246) Emerging industries of the last decade have been the
internet browser, fiber optics, mobile money transfer , social media/networks such as Twitter,
Facebook & Google+, iPad, Smart Phones, Flash Drives, PlayStations, Wii, LCD TVs and
Screens , among many others. Business Strategies must be shaped to accommodate the following
characteristics of markets in emerging industries; * Technologies that are mostly proprietary to the
pioneering firms and technological uncertainty about how product standardization will develop *
Competitor uncertainty because of inadequate information about competitors, buyers and the timing
of demand. * High initial costs but steep cost declines as the experience curve takes effect. * Few
entry barriers, which often spurs the formation of new firms * First

Competitive Advantages Of Kodak
Introduction on Competitive Advantage With the quick pace of technology development, companies
become harder to enjoy competitive advantages throughout its industry. According to Michael Porter
Three Generic Strategies (1985), competitive advantage allows the companies to create the superior
value towards their consumers. Competitive advantage can be defined into two types: lower cost or
differentiation relative to its rivals. Competitive advantage exists when a firm can deliver the same
benefits at a lower cost in comparing with its competitors, in this case, the cost advantage. In
addition, firm delivers benefits that exceed those of competing products, which is differentiation
advantage. However, the world changing fast, and so does consumers, ... Show more content on
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Companies can apply for Patent, Copyright or Trade Mark for certain innovations. Walt Disney is a
successful example in using these three. By patenting their products and giving their cartoon
characters with copyrights. Walt Disney earned 137 patents in 2013, which was almost 25% more
than they received the year prior (Intellectual Property Owners Association, 2013). Through the
good use of these intellectual properties, companies can raise their brand reputation as well as
earning more market shares hence forming competitive advantage against the

Situational Analysis Of Sainsbury
Sainsbury Plc is a public limited company whose securities and shared are included in the stock
exchange of different countries. Companies linked with retail sector are registered under the
company act 1980 in the UK and their shares are an offer to the public in regards of limited liability.
Sainsbury contributes a huge part of its revenue in UK development. The Competition of Sainsbury
includes Tesco, Wall–mart, Morrison, Asda and others (J Sainsbury plc, 2016). Sainsbury Plc works
on a dominant position in the UK and international market by means of their diverse product line
and customer friendly services all over the world. The company is involved in the CSR world from
since its inception; in addition, the company has increased their CSR work range from education to
environment issues and gender quality since the last decade. The total revenue of the company is
about £23.949 billion and operating income of about £1,009 million as ... Show more content on
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Companies working in the current environment are keener to focus on the work pattern and business
changes within the business market all over the world to determine their work strategy and maintain
their competitive advantage (Wrisberg, et al., 2012). For the purpose, companies utilise different
analytical tools to identify the internal and external factor that could directly or indirectly affects the
business of the company. Some of the well–known analytical tools companies utilise to evaluate
situational analysis include PESTLE analysis, SWOT analysis, Porter's five forces, STEEPLE
analysis, and others. The situational analysis helps the company to define its potential consumers,
market growth, competitors and a realistic assessment of the business company that help them to
maintain its competitive advantage (Newbery, et al.,

Impare And Competitive Advantage Of Tesco
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF TESCO
Nowadays, many company around the world. So, there are a lot of competitors in a market. To
differentiate the company with other competitor is through competitive advantage. Competitive
advantage exists when an organization acquires or develops a combination of attributes that allow it
to outstrip its rivals. Competitive advantage can occur using new technologies such robotics and
information technology.
Tesco have a lot of competitive advantage than other companies. Firstly, Tesco have strongest
company in their own brand marketing. Many company think that they were should sell their brands
before their product. For example, Tesco is one of the examples that have used its powerful brand
image to gain permission to sell a wide variety of products and service to customers. Tesco has a
strong brand image with good quality, faith worthy goods that represent excellent value. Tesco can
strive to facilitate better ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Through this competitive advantage Tesco has led to profit growth. The company can reduce costs
and also reduce price because price ad service most important things to company which is they are
extremely slick logistic organization. Many companies strive to holds the cost leadership. Like
Tesco have advantage in holds the cost leadership. To maintain cost leadership, Tesco can strive to
have the lowest costs in the industry and offer its products and services to a broad market at the
lowest prices. They are able to price their products competitively. Tesco can ability to control their
operating costs through the cost leadership so they are able to price their products competitively and
be able to generate high profit margins. Thus, this is having significant competitive advantage to
Tesco. Tesco will be able to create brand loyalty for their offerings and thus, price inelasticity on the
part of

A Research Study On Trust
Literature Review
One of the most hotly debated topics today is that of the development of trust. One study explores
the topic of trust as it relates to exchange partners in a researcher–user relationship (Moorman,
Zaltman & Deshpande, 1992). Trust plays a role in marketing research to the extent that, without
trust, research quality would be virtually non–existent (Moorman et al., 1992). Also, without trust,
practitioners would not be willing to use research in a business environment. Trust is also the
backbone that solidifies those relationships between researchers and users (Moorman et al., 1992).
The trust theory also makes researchers more cognizant of the end–users needs and, therefore, more
customer–centric and less concerned only about the technical aspects of research (Moorman et al.,
1992). In addition, the key to effective research and the development of trust is for the researcher to
be able to put his findings into a format that is understandable by the average manager.
A topic that is closely related to trust is ethics. Morals and ethics are close cousins to one another
and these principals cannot exist without a close connection to one another (Ferrell & Gresham,
1985). Ethical dilemmas are the reason that many theories have been developed in order to create
ethical decision making in the field of marketing (Ferrell & Gresham, 1985). One such theory is that
of the differential association theory (Ferrell & Gresham, 1985). This theory focuses on the

Apple Corporation : Competitive Advantage With Evolving...
The Apple Corporation Apple Corporation was initially operating into the personal computer arena
but later diversified into other segments. The change was brought by changes in management and
differences in views that were coupled with missed opportunities resulting in loss of competitive
advantages. The company currently operates in the music and personal computer industry as part of
its initiative to continue providing innovative products for its customers. Despite venturing into
different industries to enhance competitive advantages, the corporation is still confronted by intense
opposition across all its business segments or industries. The aggressive competition is mainly
because the markets for personal computers, mobile communication devices, consumer electronics,
and digital music services are increasingly competitive. The competitiveness of these markets is also
attributed to the rapid technological advancements that constantly increase the capabilities of these
devices. In light of the increased competition, the Apple Corporation needs to develop and establish
measures for sustaining competitive advantage with evolving external environment and executive
succession.
Apple Profile Due to its recent diversification initiatives, Apple Inc. operates in the Information
Technology industry where it produces different kinds of computers including personal computers,
software, and digital music players. The company operates in a high end market that is

Disadvantages Of Competitive Advantage
What is Competitive Advantage?
Competitive advantage is the act of a firm being in a more favorable position in the market that its
rivals when it comes to operation. McGrath(2013) stated that competitive advantage can be
displayed regarding having affordable products or services and having quality product or service.
Quality of service or quality is one way to which a firm can beat rivals in endearing itself into
customers. Customers prefer consuming the best quality in the market, and the firm with the best
quality makes more sales. Affordability of a product or service is another way a firm creates a
favorable position among consumers. Customers prefer to purchase an affordable product or service
where the substitutes presented to them are of the same quality. A firm with competitive advantage
has a higher number of sales from repeat and new customers. The high quality and affordability
make customers keep purchasing the product as new customers are attracted to the business at the
expense of rivals.
How do firms build competitive advantage?
According to Sanchez (2010), manufacturing equipment, machines, and processes are modern in a
firm that has a competitive advantage. The equipment, machines, and processes are better than those
of rivals. When machines, equipment, and processes are modern, it means that better quality of
products or service will be offered. Better machines, equipment, and processes ensure that the firm
can produce more efficiently than rivals.

Best Practices in Attaining a Sustainable Competitive...
Best Practices In Attaining A Sustainable Competitive Advantage with New Product Development
Introduction Companies who have the ability to transform a myriad of customer inputs, insights
from market trends and also innovate internally then transform these many factors into best–selling
products illustrate best practices in new product development (NPD). The processes and systems
they put in place to accomplish this are what give them sustainable competitive advantage over time.
There are many examples of companies who excel in these processes and systems including
Salesforce.com, who is the global leader in the sales of Software–as–a–Service (SaaS) based
applications, in addition to Apple who continues to lead a customer experience revolution in high
technology products. These two companies illustrate how a digital product differs from a physical
product and how the NPD processes, systems and strategies can lead to sustainable competitive
advantage over time. One of the most potential differentiators and long–term sources of competitive
advantage is the ability to excel at NPD and innovation. NPD Analysis of Digital versus Physical
Products The ecosystems that digital versus physical products have, including their supply chains
are vastly different. These differences in their supply chains have a significant impact on the abilities
each has to innovate. Digital products manufacturers are highly dependent on their supply chain,
often creating shared collaboration

Dynamic Capability Concept Of Strategic Management
Many organizations are adopting the dynamic capability concept especially in the management
department in the aspect of strategic management. Teece, Pisano and shuen., (1997) defines this
concept as the ability of an organization to build, reconfigure and integrate external and internal
competencies in order to manage the rapidly changing environment. This concept is an extension of
the Resource Base View in the context of its ability to adapt to change in technology. The ability of
an organization to attain competitive advantage in the market is subject to innovation. Dynamic
capability is unique because of competitive market position and path dependency.
The Concept of Dynamic Capability
Business organizations are composed of intangible and tangible assets. It is more challenging to
manage the intangible assets. However, intangible assets are the main makers of sustainable value
creation. Competitive advantage results from valuable skills, processes and capacities which are not
easily duplicated by competitors. Dynamic capabilities enable an organization to innovate new
developments. However, dynamic capabilities are easily not transferable. Resources form an
organization's foundation hence forms a basis for an organization's capabilities (Teece, Pisano &
Shuen, 1997). Resources are regarded as facilitators of competitive advantage. In environments of
dynamic market however, the resources do not last for a long time and in that case, they cannot lead
into competitive

International Wto Theories Explain International Trade...
International economics
Module Code: BME 0003
Student name: Lamin Jatta
Student number: U1370065.
Introduction
International trade theories explain international trade patterns. Academics see trade as the
interdependence of states through the exchange of capital, goods, and services. International trade
has existed for thousands of years in the world. Its economic, political and social influence in the
world has begun rise. However, new trade theories include Porter 's diamond national competitive
advantage which focuses on modern trade concept. This paper will discuss Porter 's diamond
national competitive advantage and the extent to which their link to the new trade theories contrast
with the neoclassical view of trade. The author will then discuss how government policies could
influence trade pattern.
Adam smith criticised mercantilist assumption by saying that trade is a zero sum game.
Furthermore, smith argued that countries are different in their ability when it comes to efficient
production of goods which the country have an absolute advantage. Evidently, Smith maintain that
Countries should specialise in the production of goods they have more absolute advantage. Thus
David Ricardo theory of comparative advantage argued with that smith theory of absolute advantage
make sense when he rightly said countries should specialise in the production of goods it has more
absolute advantage. Grimwade (2000) Hecksher and Ohlin observe that comparative advantage
emerge from

Eharmony Case
The Dating Services Industry provides a product that generated $320m in 2015, has historically
grown at a 5–year CAGR of 5.0%, and is forecast to grow 3.9% YoY into 2020. I believe this trend
is justified as a growing number of consumers begin to turn to the internet to look for love. Key
Drivers for growth include the proliferation of broadband internet connections, the exponential
increase the number of mobile devices, increased use of the internet, increasing GDP Per Capita
(2.2% CAGR), and a slowing marriage rate indicating a high proportion of single adults. According
to the case, the attractiveness of meeting others online instead of finding them in the real world has
increased dramatically over the last two decades. The primary drivers ... Show more content on
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As mentioned above, the competitive threat of rivals to incumbent eHarmony in the Dating Services
industry is high and increasing; therefore resulting in a very serious threat to industry profitability.
This threat is primarily due to the constant innovation in the industry that is driven by both internal
and external incumbents. Internally, downward pressure is currently being placed by three key
competitors, (1) InterActiveCorp, (2) eHarmony, (3) Zoosk, and (4) Others. InterActiveCorp,
eHarmony's largest competitor is a global conglomerate this creates a majority of the competition
within the industry. IAC has been very successful due to their ability to monetize products and
expand operations internationally, of which eHarmony is currently contemplating in the four options
proposed by Waldorf. However, the key difference and competitive advantage that IAC fails to
maintain is their customer selection. IAC believes that top line growth should be driven by
delivering services to as many customers as possible, whereas eHarmony believes in maintain the
quality rather than the quantity of their service. However, IAC quickly replicates any new product
offered by eHarmony (e.g. Chemistry.com was developed to replicate eHarmony's three step guided
communication). Actions such as these bypass competitive advantages and facilitate the need for a
new way to decrease this abnormally high

Ansoff Matrix Of Myer
Myer aims to be an excellent departmental store chain that attracts customers and keeps their
employees motivated (Cochran, 2008, p. 27).
Competitive Edge
One of the most important goals of the organization is to establish a competitive advantage over its
competitors. Ansoff Matrix could be used as a tool to identify a distinctive competence over its
competitors. The Ansoff Matrix relates to four marketing strategies which a company adopts to
develop competitive advantage. The strategies namely are Market Penetration, Market
Development, Product Development and Diversification (Schawel, 2012, p. 22). Market Penetration
is where Myer would try to achieve growth with the existing products in current market segments
and try to increase its market share (reducing demand of competitors). Market Development is
where Myer seeks growth by providing its existing products to new ... Show more content on
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For instance, Myer faces competition from small retail stores to large scale retail stores like David
Jones. Myer has a market opportunity in online shopping globally which could be capitalized.
Online shopping has become a common phenomenon and people tend to shop online these days.
Myer currently provides online channel only to customers in Australia (Frazer, 2006, p. 13). Large
scale retail stores are capitalizing the opportunity and have made their operations global like TESCO
and Wall Mart. Investing in technological and communication system would cash in the opportunity.
It could also capitalize through innovative techniques. Myer needs to satisfy its customers and hence
making it easier for its customers. Providing the customers an opportunity to shop 24/7 would help
in increasing profitability. Customers could be properly targeted and goods could be provided
accordingly. It would help in creating brand loyalty for the customers and lead to better economic
results in the

Case Study : Supply Chain Management
Abstract
This paper articulates that supply chain management is all about providing the right products, at the
right time, to customers at low cost. To attain competitive advantage, organizations should think
radically about business process optimization to maximize profits and gain new customers. Forward
looking companies are going beyond improving customer service, partnering commitment and
improved quality controls in service supply chain. Successful companies are managing warranty
costs, improving their product through upgraded service supply chain operations, which generate
more revenues. Firms must identify what the company can do to improve their practices and
services while classifying what their employees are capable to perform at ... Show more content on
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Performing these require superior manufacturing, marketing and managerial activities. In other
words, they need to identify what the company has to improve while classifying what their supply
chain associates are capable to perform at quality level functions, therefore the supply chain remains
efficacious.
There are some queries firms essentially need to achieve their goals in a competitive supply chain
while providing the best service, they will set a target market (customer), use advertisement
strategies to attract more customers and being able to reach that competitive advantage. Once
they've identified the customer, they recognize the customers' values, consequently choose what
standards they will highlight first and then assess the customer 's satisfaction with the service had
provided.
Competitive advantage is the capability to generate greater profits than competition thanks to the
diversity of products and services provided, as well as quality and low cost transportation.
Appropriate supply management allows a quick response from supply chains to encounter clients'
demands. In order to conserve competitive advantage businesses require to have shorter lead times.
In addition, it includes more than just goods offered by suppliers, firms may provide similar or equal
products that are priced similar, have

Value Chain Analysis : Business World 's Most Valuable...
If you are searching for a way to gain an edge on your competition, consider one of the business
world 's most valuable tools: the value chain analysis.
Value chain analysis relies on the basic economic principle of advantage – companies are best
served by operating in sectors where they have a relative productive advantage compared to their
competitors. Simultaneously, companies should ask themselves where they can deliver the best
value to their customers.
To conduct a value chain analysis, the company begins by identifying each part of its production
process and identifying where steps can be eliminated or improvements can be made. These
improvements can result in either cost savings or improved productive capacity. The end result is
that customers derive the most benefit from the product for the cheapest cost, which improves the
company 's bottom line in the long run.
I work with FITC, Financial InstitutionsTraining Centre. It is owned by the Bankers ' Committee,
which comprises the Central Bank of Nigeria, Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation, all licensed
banks and Discount Houses in Nigeria.
FITC is Nigeria 's apex human capacity building institution in the Financial SERVICE Sector. It
provides solutions to the needs of its numerous clients through Training, Consulting and Research
intervention and collaboration with renowned international training outfits to address perceived
training gaps in the Public and Private Sectors.
FITC Consulting activities include; e

Value Creation And The Components That Can Be Used Essay
1. Define value creation and the components that can be used to determine value creation per unit.
How is value creation related to competitive advantage?
Value creation is creating value for the customer. Being able to solve or meet the customer
requirements. Value is created whenever an action is taken for which the benefit exceeds the cost.
Value creation per unit includes the following components:
V–P = Consumer Surplus
P–C = Profit margin
V–C = Value created where o V = Value o P = Price o C = Cost of production
Value creation can lead to higher sales. In terms of competitive advantage, a product could offer
more value to the customer for the same or lower cost. There are two ways this can be broken down:
1. Lower prices to generate demand in the market or 2. Increasing price to reflect higher value.
Higher value can attract more customers or increase the profit margin for the value add benefit.
2. What is a value chain? Why is efficiency so important in an organizations value chain?
Value chain is a set of activities a company performs in order to provide a valuable solution to their
customer problem in their market space or industry. The value chain is made up of primary and
support activities. Primary activities being research and development, production, marketing and
sales and customer service. These are the primary steps that are required to get a product or service
to market to solve the customer problems. Some of the secondary steps include company

Advantages Of Christine Oliver
3.1 Literature Review:–
Christine Oliver suggests that the context and process of selecting resources is an important
influence on firm heterogeneity and its sustainable competitive advantage. She argued that the
sustainable advantage of a firm depends on its ability managing its institutional context of resource
decisions. She also suggest that both resource & institutional capital are prerequisite to sustainable
competitive advantage.
3.2 Competitive Advantage is defined as possessing strong resources and capabilities that are super
incumbent to those of its rivals where firm–specific assets resources could help in creating
differentiation competitive advantages.
Strategic approaches are often wide and varies and the resource–based view ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
It possesses a strong sales and marketing team showing enormous effort to focus on greater
marketing and development in effective advertising/promotional campaigns for its range of
products.
Core competencies is a collective knowledge of production skills and technologies that enable an
organization to provide specific benefits to customers and underpinning the leadership that
organizations have built/wish to acquire over their competitors (Prahalad & Hamel, 1990). As such
core competencies cover an integration of skills, technology and knowledge in GSK that leads to
competitive advantage. GSK has invested heavily in their R&D and unique technology innovation
as well as their ownership of patents and in areas where they expected to see growth in revenues.
GSK being one the financially strong key player in the pharmaceutical industry and has used its vast
resources to create/renew pipeline of their pharmaceutical product. They are equipped with human
capital such as skilful R&D scientists and sales & marketing team to promote/advertise effective
campaigns, innovative technology in drug discovery & development coupled with their expansive
list of patented drugs secured their competitive advantages over its peers. These advantages added
value to their products and creating a wide economic moat in the

Implementation And Monitoring Of E Marketing
According to Lončarić & Radetić (2015, p.17) there are different factors which known as previous
requirements or preconditions for implementing e–Marketing in any organization regardless its size
or business field. These factors like: the existence clear and obvious strategy at an organization
level, the presence of the marketing function within the organization, the domination of the
marketing function in the development, implementation and monitoring of e–Marketing results, and
the presence of a database and building customer relationships. on the other hand the
implementation of e–Marketing can be identified with numerous factors: owner skills, the
organization available resources, the organizational culture of the organizations, adoption cost, size
of the organization, ease of use, compatibility, competitive pressures, government influence, market
trends, national infrastructure, and cultural orientation towards e–Marketing by the organization's
customers (Lončarić & Radetić, 2015, p.17).
Dlodlo & Dhurup (2010, p.169–167) stated that, first: the implantation of e–Marketing depends on
the security procedures (whether it 's adequate or not, organized or not), since any online research or
purchase stand on trust mainly. Second: In addition, the cost of infrastructure and the cost of access
and embracing have no longer constitute limitation in implementing e–marketing. Finally: the
implementation of e–Marketing may limit by information barriers, just like doubts about the

Value Creation Essay
Chapter 3 Questions:
For any business unit, value creation will be the most important goal. Giving out values for the
customers will increase in the sales along with the services and for shareholder's, values will be
generating in the method of development in stock prices, will make sure that there will be investing
in funds in future. From financial insight, values are meant to be formed when an organization will
have revenue, which exceeds the expenses.
Value creation will be slowly being as standard as a better–quality management aim than a strong
financial measures for performances and few of them are motivated for reducing the costs which
will be creating short period outputs for the funds that will be refining the long period growth along
with the competitiveness. Few experts recognized the importance of value creation and utilized it
among all the decisions of company and also among the employees.
The most important phase in achieving a company's attention on the value creation understands all
the bases along with the drivers of the value creation inside the company. Concentrating on which
will be making values, will be benefitting all the managers who will be focused on the capital and
the capacity on enormous profitable probabilities for the growths. If customer's reputation is
consistent value along with timely

Advantages Of Offshore Product Development
Offshore Product Development – Competitive Advantage
Offshore Product Development:
Offshore product development is a strategic concept. Offshore product development allows software
companies and enterprises to lower their development costs substantially and focus
comprehensively strategic initiatives such as marketing products and developing next generation
products. Companies opting for OPD can release their products faster than their competitors taking
benefit of time zone difference and 24 hours development leading to competitive advantage.
Competitive Advantage:
Globalization, increasing cost pressures, changing market dynamics, the need for fast time to market
and many other factors has led many product companies to opt for offshore product development.
The situation is so acute that an approximately 500+ releases a year of various software products are
happening from India. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Offshore software vendor should have history of proven track record and expertise to improve your
business performance.
Offshore Product Development vendor should provide its services across the entire life cycle to
global ISVs and enterprises. They should be in a position to provide innovative solutions to complex
product development situations by combining technical expertise, domain experience and process
maturity. This enables clients to gain competitive advantage by surpassing competitors and generate
new revenue streams.
Their product development services should rank high on performance, security, maintainability and
scalability and span across relevant verticals such as Insurance, Human Resource & Recruitment
Services, Finance and Banking, Education, Travel and Hospitality, Printing, Audit &

Case Analysis: Skullcandy
Case analysis – Skullcandy Student ID: Date of Submission: Word count: 1. Does Skullcandy have a
sustainable competitive advantage in the market? If so, what is it and why is it sustainable?
Skullcandy offered sport aesthetic headphones with advanced functionality in both local board shop
(skateboard, snowboard shops, etc) and mass market channels such as Target, Best Buy, college
bookstores, etc. Since this company focused on products targeting to snowboarding and
skateboarding industry, it has sustainable competitive advantages in these core markets. The
competitive advantages are distinct designs and convenience to use when the headphones are
integrated into Giro ski and snowboard helmet and MP3 equipped backpacks and watches. Such
designs and functionalities satisfied snowboarders ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, this company got a loss of $9.693 million in 2010 and a loss of $3.011 million in 2013.
The company got a profit of $12.344 million, $18.621 million, and $25.816 million in 2009, 2011,
and 2012 respectively (Skullcandy, 2013). The company's performances proved the concerns of the
investors about the sustainable development of the company mentioned in the case. The company's
performances in 2013 were also impacted by the changes of leadership with new four leadership
positions. At the present, Skullcandy focuses on providing two main categories of its products –
audio entertainment and gaming. In which, audio entertainment products represents 85.2% of
consolidated net sales while gaming headphones represents 14.8% of consolidated net sales for the
year ended on December 31st, 2013. It also has opportunities to expand international with primary
focus on China, Canada, India, Middle East, and Mexico. It is leveraging key strategic partnerships
in mobile, table, and PC markets (Skullcandy,

Value Chain as Competitive Advantage
Unit 3 Assignment
Bobby Young–Mentgen
GB570 Managing the Value Chain
Pricilla Aaltonen
Kaplan University
September 25, 2012
Customer–centric businesses focus on consistently delivering a differentiated experience designed to
satisfy the customer. The ultimate goal is to sustain competitive advantage in the marketplace. The
purpose of this paper is to demonstrate why an effective value chain creates competitive advantage.
Review of Concepts
Value Chain
The value chain is a concept developed by recognized Harvard business management expert
Michael Porter in his book "Competitive Advantage (1985)." It breaks up the various elements of
producing and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The key success of the company focused upon value elements of low costs, low prices, and the
business innovation of the firm. IKEA's desire was and is to convey to the customer that the
function of its business is to create value, not use it. Successful linkage of IKEAs value chain
activities served as a framework for developing customer delight, thus creating a sustainable
competitive advantage (Guy 2011). Hewlett Packard integrates the inbound and outbound logistics,
operation and service, marketing and sales, and a series of supporting activities as its main
competitive advantages and cooperates with partners in a value delivery model, which not only
maximizes its own profit but also benefits its customers and partners. HP successfully discovers its
value proposition and continues developing and reinforcing its value production and coordination.
By the establishment of alliances, using of product platform, continuous concentrate in service
improvement, R&D and brand building, HP has successfully delivered values to meet
customers' and other stakeholders' expectations creating a sustainable competitive advantage (Zhang
2010).
Example of Unsuccessful Company
Mitsubishi in Australia is an example of an unsuccessful company. By the time Ford strategized
industry drivers necessary for success, it was too late (Walters, 2007).
Conclusion
The

Porters' value chain
Michael Porter published the Value Chain Analysis in 1985 as a response to criticism that his Five
Forces framework lacked an implementation methodology that bridged the gap between internal
capabilities and opportunities in the competitive landscape. This framework focused on industry
attractiveness as a determinant of the profit potential of all companies within that particular industry.
However, significant differences in performance exist between companies operating within the same
industry that can be explained either by the company 's participation in a successful strategic group
or by a firm 's specific competitive advantages.
Value Chain Analysis helped identify a firm 's core competencies and distinguish those activities
that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Technology development activities can bring product differentiation by introducing improvements
to the development process. Finally cost–effective procurement activities that look for the most
reliable suppliers with the best quality of goods can significantly reduce costs and create more value.
By subdividing an organisation into its key processes or functions, Porter was able to link classical
accounting to strategic capabilities by using value as a core concept, i.e. the ways a firm can best
position itself against its competitors given its relative cost structure, how the composition of the
value chain allows the firm to compete on price, or how this composition allows the firm to
differentiate its products to specific customer segments.
Achieving Competitive Advantage with Value Chain
The value chain helps an organization in understanding where value is created at each of its
activities and in linking those value–adding activities with the business strategy and customer needs.
This set of activities which represents a unique and integrated value–creating sequence is hard for
competitors to emulate and thereby sets up and maintains a long lasting competitive advantage for
the organization. For example, The Warehouse Group Limited, the largest store retailer in New
Zealand, has

Bristol-Myers Squibb Vrio Analysis Essay
VRIO Analysis
Bristol–Myers Squibb and other pharmaceutical companies have very limited space for the
development of competitive advantage. This is due to the limitations set in patents available for new
pharmaceuticals. Most chemicals in pharmaceutical products have an equivalently functional
substitute making it possible to have multiple products on the market that have identical uses and
outcomes. This being the case, pharmaceutical companies can't rely on one particular product to
provide competitive advantage.
Resources and Competencies | Value | Rarity | Imitability | Organized | Competitive Advantage? | R
& D | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Sustained | Brand Name | Yes | No | No | No | Parity | Product
Diversification | ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since Bristol–Myers Squibb's is organized in this way, it has been able to keep the pace very well
making it one of the largest research–based pharmaceutical company in the world.
Brand Name
Bristol–Myers Squibb's gains competitive parity from its brand name in that it has a good reputation
for creating products that work well and are safe. This provides value to the customer because they
know that the product was heavily researched before it was marketed to the general public.
However, this is not rare among firms in this industry as all new products must be cleared by the
Food and Drug Administration before it can be marketed which gives consumers a certain amount of
security when choosing a product regardless of who produced it. This also means that it is somewhat
easy to imitate. Once you get past the start–up costs, if you produce a product that is not already
patented and is approved by the FDA, your product is just as good as the competitors. The reason
for the lack of rarity and ease of imitability of the brand name is that, like other pharmaceutical
companies, Bristol–Myers Squibb does not push the brand name but rather the name they have
assigned to their product. The company's name does not appear in any of its product's
advertisements. This being the case they must diversify their product line.
Product Diversity
Since researching new pharmaceutical products takes a great deal of time, the only way to keep the

Advantages Of Value Creation
The Value that the company can fix on a product, based on the customer expectation on the product.
i.e.
As the customer has some fixed value on the product based on the market value comparing with
other products in the market.
As the customers has good value of the product, the company has more pricing values.
As the company can maintain the best quality and service to customer, so the company has more
options of value creation
The Components that are consider for value creation:
The market value of the product to the customers
The price that the company decides to charge ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, the value chain depends on each and every department of the company to produce the
best out product to the market.
To obtain the best output the company has to know their efficiency of the input– resources available
to produce at lower cost, so the efficiency of the company plays an important role in an organization
value chain.
3. What building blocks can an organization use to sustain competitive advantage?
To maintain the sustain competitive advantage an organization must have the following
characteristics:
Efficiency: To get the best output of the product the company has to maintain the efficient inputs
such as production, man power, investment, management, and IT infrastructure.
Quality: As the output product has to maintain the superior quality and best customer service of the
product than the rivals, the output product must obtain from the company must have best market
value than other company products
Innovation: The organization has to maintain continues research and development on the products of
the company to obtain the best output.

Customer responsive: The organization has to provide best customer service to customers, to gain
best market

Internal Analysis of Rolls Royce
ROLLS–ROYCE: INTERNAL ANALYSIS For the purpose of internal analysis, I have selected
civil aerospace SBU of Rolls–Royce. This analysis has been done considering the fact that the case
study was published in year 2005. Financial Analysis: Rolls–Royce has been generating higher
margins in past few years. In last four years i.e. from 2002 to 2006 the operating profit has grown
from £168 million to £692 million with the annual growth rate of 42.5%. The net profit has also
increased at compound annual growth rate of 71.3% from £53 million to £998 million in these four
years. These figures are the indicators of a strong financial performance. It is evident from the
figures that the high levels of margin in their field of operation are very ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
He suggested that sustained competitive advantage derives from the resources and capabilities a
firm controls that are valuable, rare, imperfectly imitable, and not substitutable. He further added
that the resources and capabilities can be viewed in form of tangible and intangible assets. There are
four different categories of resources financial, physical, human, and organization. Barney and
Hesterly (2006), describe the VRIO framework as a good tool to examine the internal environment
of a firm. They state that VRIO "stands for four questions one must ask about a resource or
capability to determine its competitive potential: 1. The Question of Value: Does a resource enable a
firm to exploit an environmental opportunity, and/or neutralize an environmental threat? 2. The
Question of Rarity: Is a resource currently controlled by only a small number of competing firms?
[are the resources used to make the products/services or the products/services themselves rare?] 3.
The Question of Imitability: do firms without a resource face a cost disadvantage in obtaining or
developing it? [is what a firm is doing difficult to imitate?] 4. The Question of Organization: Are a
firm's other policies and procedures organized to support

Literature Review On Cost Management
Literature Review By reviewing the literature there is a different approach to this issue, a new way
of thinking and acting towards cost management as a beneficiary of multiple opportunities and
provides assurance of significant success. Various authors, after detailed research and supporting
facts have reasonably concluded that the strategic way of managing cost in most cases is an
undisputed necessity which reference should definitely order to achieve the required effect and
gained competitive advantage in today's dynamic business environment. Academic authors have
stressed that the importance of strategic cost management has grown dramatically in recent years
due to intensified competition. Kaplan and Norton (1997); Shank and Govindarajan (1997), in
general, are honor authors cited most when it comes to achieving competitive advantage through
strategic cost management. Strategic cost management in the literature is discussed from many
aspects. Many authors in their research have studied and paid attention to the various instruments
used for strategic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hinterhuber interviewed executives of European companies about strategic cost management and
concluded that strategic cost management should be part of business strategy in order to achieve a
radical and long–term growth of the company value. According McIlhattan (1992), strategic cost
management is the ability of management costs. While Horngren (2000: 3) noted that cost
management is not applied in particular. Cost management has a broad focus. For example, cost
management involves continuous reduction of costs. Horgen and Mcllhattan define strategic cost
management as a set of actions that managers take to satisfy customers through constant control and
reducing costs.

Strategic Choice and Evaluation
Strategic Choice and Evaluation of Target Corporation
Strategic Choice and Evaluation
Target Corporation is one of the most major merchants store in the world. Target is recorded to be
the sixth largest retailer within the United States. Founded by, George Dayton in the early 1900's in
Minneapolis, Minnesota. Target Corporation is a leading merchant store that supplies a variety of
products, which includes everything from clothing to shoes, health and beauty, and even electronics.
It is a corporation that remains on–top, and develops day–out. It is a brand that is well known and
continues to raise the bar each year effectively. Target Corporation will need to grow the company
approaches built on the quality of the rank, ethnicity, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
When a business can provide a lower cost, then the business can have the ability to lower their price.
Providing a better pricing system, along with sharp value products can only increase the chance of
growth and customers' overtime.
Grand Strategy
A grand strategy is "a master long– term plan that provides a basic direction for major actions
directed toward achieving long– term business objectives" (Pearson & Robinson, 2011, p. 187).
Nonetheless, the goals that are defined above recommended that the organization will need to apply
two strategies in order to be effective. Target will need to pledge on applying human resource
improvement as well as providing cost leadership to effectively expand the company competitive
advantage all around.
Human Resource Development
Human Resource Development (HRD) is essential, and applies an important factor to maximizing
employee proficiency to accomplish the main goal of a company. HRD has provided employees
with current proficiency. HRD supplies a way to kept track of increasing cultured information as
well as production technologies. HRD will provide ways to enhance overall employee ability.
Therefore, once competitive advantage is attained, Target marketplace can swiftly take a down–fall
without the company identifying methods to withstand their current advantage. Nevertheless, it is
important that Target has the most

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