Benefits Of Dissection

Benefits of Dissection
Dissection, by definition, is the pathological splitting or separation of tissue, according to Webster's
online dictionary. Beneath the simple definition lies an immense amount of controversy. This paper
will provide pros and cons regarding ethics of dissection. Dissection has many benefits. The
experience of dissection is unforgettable. "Things you can actually touch usually stick in your head
better," according to Dr. Damon Scoville. Dissection is an approach to science that creates a lasting
impression. Students gain many things from an experience with dissection. Some of which include
respect for life, and necessary skills for dissection that will be useful later in higher level classes.
The hand's on job really allows the student to gain a visual an understanding. They learn the true
positioning of organs and have the opportunity to feel them while dissecting. The 3D view and
texture friendly experience are things not offered in textbooks or on screens. (5) Models and paper
do not do justice or serve as a sense of discovery. As Mr. Roger Kassebaum states, "If you are going
to be a surgeon or a veterinarian, that tactile feedback is likely important." The procedure for
dissection can be complex. With this complexity comes the opportunity to teach students motor
skills, how to follow directions, observation and comparison skills, and the relationship between
tissues and organs. (5) It is pretty evident that the educational advantages of dissection are great. Mr.
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The Anatomist : By Bill Hayes- Book Review Essay
Jillian Spence
Period D
Human Anatomy– Physiology
Mrs. Rich
The Anatomist: by Bill Hayes– Book Review
Why is Gray's Anatomy considered a turning point in medical history? Explain. (3 examples) Gray's
anatomy is considered a turning point in medical history. As a first example, the detailed pictures
that Hayes discoveries in this more than a thousand–paged book is incredible. These pictures that
Hayes initially used to identify body parts catches his eye in more ways than one, and he falls in
love with the site of how Gray illustrates the human body. Secondly, the way that Gray defines the
parts of the body through this book in its simplistic yet exquisite language is phenomenal. Taken
from Gray's notes, "The Coronary Sinus is that portion of the anterior or great cardiac vein which is
situated in the posterior part of the left auriculo–ventricular groove." Finally, the work Gray's
Anatomy sets up the most basic, introductory way of dissection. Going into depth and understanding
body parts and terms/functions that one initially would not have none is important for someone
delving into the medical field. 2. Describe the relationship between Henry Gray and H.V. Carter.
The relationship between Henry Gray and H.V. Carter is established before Gray's passing; Henry
Gray placed H.V. Carter, a doctor, as a major help in his work Gray's Anatomy. H.V. Carter drew the
pictures of the book. H.V. Carter kept studious and was a Christian who kept a

John Hunter Anatomists
Anatomy, the study of the human body, is a discipline of the medical sciences that flourished beyond
precedent during the 17th and 18th centuries in Western Europe. During this time, many physicians,
anatomists, and doctors began to not only investigate anatomy more seriously, but also to teach
anatomy to more people. Dissections of cadavers became more common at learning establishments
and more accepted by the general public, and by government authorities. Anatomical theatres were
constructed for the mass teaching of dissections, and any and all bodies from criminal hangings
were donated as cadavers to the universities. As trends grow and become popular problems are
bound to become known. In anatomy, this problem was the shortage of cadavers ... Show more
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Trained as surgeons, they both lectured and studied anatomy in London, performing many
dissections and teaching several future doctors. John, the younger of the two, started off as a student
of his older brother William, and went on to have a highly successful career, often seen as a more
influential anatomist of the two. John Hunter studied and dissected every animal he could,
comparing animal and human bodies. John Hunter is credited with the naming of several body
components including all of the teeth. On top of that, he discovered the embryonic development
similarities between species, as well as discovering the paths of nerves and blood vessels through
the skull. Through his work on the circulation of blood, he paved the pathway for what is known
today as vascular surgery. Another great anatomist, Alexander Monro, was appointed to teach
anatomy as a professor, and in turn became the founder of the Edinburgh Medical School. His son,
followed by his grandson, continued his legacy as a professor of anatomy and head of Edinburgh
Medical School, although his grandson met with little success as he did not possess the abilities of
his father and

Fetal Pig Dissection
Throughout the course of anatomy and physiology, my partner Lena Mitchell and I dissected a fetal
pig today. The systems seen in the dissection were, the integumentary system, the respiratory
system, the digestive system, the nervous system, the urinary system, the cardiovascular system and
the male reproductive system. Also, I will go over the functions of the systems and the organs. I will
talk about how it was dissecting the pig. Also, about what organs we took out, such as the heart,
lungs, liver, kidney, small and large intestines, bladder, stomach, tongue, brain, eyeballs, and the
reproductive organs.
The body of the pig was small. Because the pig was dead, the blood supply was deoxygenated,
which made the color of the skin a grayish ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first step my partner, Lena and I had to do was get our PPE together. The next step was to tie
down the legs and arms of the pig before dissecting. Taking out the organs of the pig was not too
easy nor too hard. The hardest part we struggled with was trying to take out the brain, because the
pig was fetal, the head was pretty small, and we ended up squishing the brain. There wasn't a
struggle removing the eyeballs. The eyelids were sort of hard, but the eyeball was squishy and not
really developed yet. Searching for the kidneys, liver, and stomach was simple. We knew what those
organs looked like and just had to cut around the areas gently to take them out. It took a while to
find the bladder because it was not developed yet, also the reproductive organs were not fully there.
We know we didn't have a female pig because we did not see the female reproductive organs. The
heart was just beneath the rib cage and it came out perfectly intact. When we took out the heart, we
had to crack the rib cage some. We could also see the inferior and superior vena cava. To get to the
tongue and take it out we had to break the jaw bone and just pull the tongue out. It came out
perfectly. This was a fun, educating

Fetal Pig Dissection
Initially when seeing the fetal pigs, I was completely disgusted and figured I could not even look at
them in the sink, let alone look at them when they are dissected. As my group pinned down the fetal
pig and tied it's limbs out of the way, I began to get more comfortable with the fact. As the
dissection progressed, through observing the mouth and the thoracic cavity on the first day and the
abdominal cavity on the second day, I became less grossed out. Observing the organs was interesting
and I felt like it was a useful representation of what human organs are like, since it would not be
ethical to use an actual human to dissect. I learned the difficulties that surgeons have to endure when
performing a surgery. I can only imagine the high–pressure

An Aortic Dissection
Introduction
The aorta is a three–layered structure composed of the inner layer being the intima, middle layer
being the media, and the outer layer being the adventitia. An aortic dissection (AD) starts when a
tear forms in the intimal layer of the aorta. Due to the high–pressure environment within the aorta,
blood is forced into the tear causing the intimal layer to separate/dissect from the medial layer of the
aorta. This separation will cause a new chamber to form between the intima and the media called a
false lumen (FL). Patients with this condition will experience a variety of symptoms that may be
similar to that of other conditions. There are several risk factors associated with AD; however, the
exact cause is unknown.
A chest x–ray is usually the first type of imaging ordered when a patient arrives with chest pain or
complaints. In the case of an AD, a chest x–ray will typically display a widening of the aorta;
however, an x–ray will not be able to diagnose an AD. If an AD is suspected after the initial x–ray,
several advanced modalities can be used to diagnose this condition. For a definite diagnosis a
transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE), CT chest with contrast, or a MRA is needed.1 Upon
arriving in a radiology department, the technologist's ability to acquire a good history may be the
best tool in order to expedite the process in diagnosing an AD.
Review of Literature Although the exact cause of an AD is unknown, many risk factors have been

Leonardo Da Vinci: The Renaissance Man
Leonardo Da Vinci's detail orientated mind and quick expertise led him to make some of the most
important scientific discoveries in history! Leonardo was an artist, a scientist, and an inventor in the
medieval times. He is sometimes referred to as, the renaissance man. Leonardo Da Vinci loved
nature and science. He had a special interest in anatomy. Leonardo Da Vinci, created the
masterpiece, Vitruvian man, to show how the marvelous human form is proportioned, and examined
dead corpses of both humans and animals, while recording his findings in his works.
Leonardo Da Vinci was born on the 15th of April in 1492. As Leonardo Da Vinci grew up with his
father's family, he developed a passion for nature and animals ("Leonardo Da Vinci"). Leonardo Da
Vinci, with his love of animals, became a vegetarian and despised violence. His main focus of
animal life was on felines when he studied nature. The unfortunate part of his works, was that he
never published them ("Da Vinci, The Renaissance Man"). Even though he made many paintings. he
wrote a sentence at the bottom of one which expressed Leonardo's interest in a treatise on animal
movement ("Cats, Lions, and a Dragon"). Although he never got around to making the treatise
because his interest was always caught by other quirks of curiosity ("Da Vinci, The Renaissance
Man"). Such as, the anatomy of both humans and animals, which he dedicated most of his life to.
When he returned to his birthplace in florence he ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He risked his life studying anatomy, but showed man many important studies. This boy who grew
up loving nature and science, became the man who would change history forever. Without Leonardo
Da Vinci, many doctors and scientists would be confused about the human body and humans would
not have the technology advances that we have today. Leonardo Da Vinci has changed the future,

Andreas Vesalius And The Renaissance
Andreas Vesalius is one of the greatest minds of the Renaissance, he is frequently referred to as the
founder of modern human anatomy. The reason he accurately represents the Renaissance is because
of his dedication, persistence and intelligence. He was extremely dedicated to learn the truth about
the human anatomy. No matter the difficulties that he came across, he was determined to find the
truth, and because of this, he created the basic outline of human anatomy in modern studies and
shared his knowledge by writing his book called "De Humani Corporis Fabrica Libri Septem",
which is translated into "On the Fabric of the Human Body".
Andreas Vesalius proved his dedication by disproving Galen's discoveries about human anatomy. He
did this even though many ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He contributed an extreme amount knowledge to the world and helped others understand how their
bodies work. This was not an easy task for Vesalius to do but through persistence and dedication, he
was able to show his intelligence to the world, through his significant discoveries of the human
body. He showed each of these traits in several ways. He showed dedication by disproving many
discoveries that were taught and believed for many years before him, though even with the difficulty
of convincing others that his discoveries were true, he published his findings. He showed persistence
by continuing to practice human dissection even with the strict laws against it and even managed to
convince a paduan judge to allow him to continue dissecting human corpses. Lastly, he showed his
intelligence in his book "De Humani Corporis Fabrica" in which he explains his discoveries through
illustrations and text. One lesson that can be learned from Vesalius is that, if you truly believe that
your actions will benefit the world in some way, then don't listen to what others have to say and just
do

The Role Of The Church In The Middle Ages
Mayomikun Ajayi 11D
What Was The Church's Role In Medical Progress During The Middle Ages?
During the Middle Ages religion was extremely important to everyone. At that time it was
Christianity that people followed, they were greatly influenced by the Christian Church. The church
hindered the medical progress by forbidding dissection of human corpses, insisting that people agree
with the writings of Galen, encouraging people to rely on prayers to the saints and superstition to
cure them of disease and encouraging the belief that disease was a punishment from God – this
prevented investigation into cures.
The church contributed to the lack of progress in hospitals, firstly, by refusing to allow dissections.
Dissections were and still are very helpful sources of research in anatomy. The church's insistence
on following Galen's teachings made it very difficult for them to occur, although some still took
place. Most studies of dissection were based on Galen's teachings but most of his dissection research
were results from animal anatomization as supposed to human anatomization. In 1277 a Franciscan
monk and lecturer at Oxford University called Roger Bacon, was arrested for spreading anti –
church views after questioning the church's stance on Galen. These setbacks for anatomy researchers
helped in the continuity of hospital experience.
Another problem in the deficiency of evolution in hospitals was the religious beliefs, such as the
Doctrine of Signatures. This was the belief

Pros And Cons Of Caadavers
The use of Cadavers in my view, and from my experience of working and studying in the dissection
lab of the National University of Ireland, Galway is one of the best ways human anatomy can both
be taught and learnt and I believe is an essential aspect in the study of educational anatomy and
should be utilised in the learning of anatomy where possible. The active, hands on exploration that
cadaveric dissections provide, joined with excellent teaching methods makes for an interesting yet
challenging method of learning anatomy. In saying this, I do believe that there are both pros and
cons associated with the study of cadaveric anatomy.
My first time entering a dissection room, my initial emotion was fascination. This fascination
stemmed from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But the question still remains, to what extent can these apps and systems be used in the learning and
understanding of anatomy? Are they 100% reliable in terms of accuracy and correct information?
Can these computerised resources replace cadaveric dissections? And finally, are they possibly the
best method to utilise in the learning and understanding of anatomy? Answers to these questions
may differ from person to person, but I personally believe that the role that a cadaver plays in the
processing, digestion and assimilation of information that has been taught in lectures is paramount
as from my experience of using these systems, and trying to learn from them, I feel like in terms of
the positioning of anatomical structures such as muscles and nerves, these 3D visuals fall short.
They provide only a rough and vague indication of the location of structures and sometimes don't
provide an accurate representation of the structures in comparison to viewing them on a gross
specimen. They lack the aspect of precision that a cadaver would provide in terms of location, shape
and size of anatomical structures. The idea that students can one day be taught a completely new
topic, for example, the Brachial Plexus, and the next day enter into a dissection

Earthworm Dissection Lab Report
In the dissection of the earthworm three pins were used to hold it down. The first pin was at the
anterior, the second at the posterior and the third was under the clitellum. Then the scalpel and blade
were used to cut into the side of the dorsal vein of the earthworm. The dissecting probe was used to
open up the worm and the used the pins to pin the sides down.
During the dissection of the clam its hinged in the middle. The umbo was held away from the chest
area and the scalpel was used to cut the two adductor muscles by sliding the scalpel inside the shell
and slicing toward the top of the shell and away from the organs. Then the muscle is sliced away
from the hand turned around and the same is done to the other side.
When dissecting

Frog Dissection In Elementary Schools
Well we dissected frogs, in the United States, dissection of frogs became common in college biology
classes from the 1920s, and were gradually introduced at earlier stages of education. By 1988, some
75 to 80 percent of American high school biology students were participating in a frog dissection,
with a trend towards introduction in elementary schools. The frogs are most commonly from the
genus Rana. I learned that it's really gross on how we see frogs insides Other popular animals for
high–school dissection at the time of that survey were, among vertebrates, fetal pigs, perch, and
cats; and among invertebrates, earthworms, grasshoppers, crayfish, and starfish. About six million
animals are (2016) dissected each year in United States high

Persuasive Essay On Animal Dissection
Most people have dissected an animal at some point in their education, be it a frog, pig, cat, or
another animal. Every year in the United States, roughly ten million animals are killed and used for
dissection in schools ("Animals Used in Education" 1).The surplus of students dissecting animals in
class has led to this substantial number. Dissection is said to increase student understanding of
biology and an interest in careers in science (Edulab 1), which is why countless schools have their
students dissect animals. However, others advocate for methods that don't involve cruelty to
animals. Why use a learning technique if other methods are less expensive, and some tactics equally
or more effective regarding student learning? Essentially, an abundance of schools incorporate
animal dissection as an educational tool, but they seldom think of how negatively the lives of
countless animals are impacted. People don't fathom the cruelty that happens to animals before they
land on the dissection table, and that is something that needs to be changed. The dissection of
animals for education has been a traditionally used teaching tactic for decades, and it is cruel and
should no longer be used. To start, the suppliers of the animals to be dissected have been caught
mistreating their animals. "PETA's investigations into biological supply companies, which sell
animal bodies and parts, have uncovered acts of cruelty to animals, including the drowning of
rabbits and the embalming of cats

Human Dissection Essay
Though dissections have been occurring since humans first began seeking knowledge, it has often
been done in secret."Among them (means of obtaining human subjects for dissection) are the bodies
of the executed, bodies stolen from graveyards, unclaimed bodies from poorhouses, hospitals and
prisons, the bodies of suicides or duelists, and the bodies of persons murdered for the purpose of
dissection" (Hildebrandt p.2). These unconventional means were necessary until "in the late 13th–
century and early 14th–century Europe, dissection of the bodies of executed criminals was
legalized" (Perloff p. 6) but there has been a long standing opposition of the church to human
dissections, especially the Roman empire. As per research of Mary Niven Alston, ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Andreas Vesalius was the most influential component of the field of anatomy in modern time. After
the time he graduated from the University of Padua he became a professor but demanded he be
allowed to dissect which was untraditional because of the traditional lecture with barber–surgeon
dissection format. He travelled around Europe doing public dissections where he began noticing his
observations did not match the material he was taught. "In 1543 he published the results of his
disagreements with Galen, a new method, and a new philosophy in De humani corporis fabrica...
Vesalius showed that the liver was not five–lobed but one mass, that men did not have one less rib
and women one more, that nerves were not hollow, and that bones were a dynamic foundation of the
human body" (Ede 124). One of the most important aspects was the illustrations. " It contains over
600 engravings. The different volumes address the skeleton, the muscles, the vascular and the
nervous systems, the abdomen, the thorax, and the brain. The book devoted to the muscles contained
a series of images showing successively uncovered muscular layers. Notably, the human figures
were presented in natural, rather than schematic, poses" (Dominiczak p. 5). This rejection of the
traditional paved the way for future

The Importance Of Animal Dissection In The Classroom
Anna Phillips
Professor Mathews
ENGL 1302.P02
10 Sept. 2017
Should Classroom Animal Dissection be Mandatory? Animal dissection is very common in
classrooms and although having hands on experience exploring the anatomy of animals, I want to
look at the bigger picture on this spectrum. Back in high school my favorite part about science class
was defiantly the dissection lesson. I was that one kid who was most excited to make the first cut
into whatever organism we were dissecting that day. I enjoyed learning about different animals and
how their bodies worked. Not once though did I think what I was doing was inhumane or
unnecessary. I'm very interested in this issue because I think it is a controversy not really brought
about. Animal dissection in classrooms is a significant topic to discus and should be well educated
to the public in a exposing way. Because I see both sides to this issue along with the little knowledge
I have about this topic, I have yet been able to reach a satisfactory answer. First, I viewed the
supporting argument to get a stronger understanding on why classroom dissection should be
mandatory. The supporters explain how active dissection is the best for students to learn the
anatomy and function of an animal. A recent article published by Infobase says, "Actual dissection is
important to science education because it provides students with critical first–hand insight into how
organisms function" ("Animal Dissection"). As I was reading the supporters in this article I came to
a conclusion that dissection seems to be less confusing when it's right in front of you. Although this
may be true, physical models or computer simulators could be just as good as alternative means. I
skimmed over the opponent's argument to examine the opposing position. Animal dissection can be
looked at as an unethical practice to so many people. The article then goes on to say, "A number of
students say they oppose dissection because they have pets at home" ("Animal Dissection"). Fist off
people say dissection is unethical and shows a "callous disregard" for life ("Animal Dissection"). I
noticed in this section of the article I was reading, the writer focused on the student's emotions
towards the animal

Anatomy And Physiology Essay
How we came to know what we know now about anatomy and physiology has always been a great
curiosity of anyone interested in the medical field. Knowing the history can lead to even more
discoveries in the future. When you think of anatomy you imagine something like this picture below.
But here is where it all began....
The beginning of anatomy and physiology, ironically, began with a curiosity in biology. The first
man to create an important contribution to biology was Alcmaeon, in the 5th century, BC. He was
the first scientist to have worked with dissection. His focus was in trying to find out from where and
how human intelligence came to be. His research never intended to be anatomical. He merely
stumbled upon anatomical research. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He is famous for his dissection of apes and pigs, it is said he never once dissected a human cadaver.
He believed apes were anatomically identical to humans. His work was never questioned until 100's
of years later when, Vesalius, a Renaissance anatomist showed people the difference between apes
and humans. He discovered more than 200 differences. In 1540, Vesalius showed exactly what
Galen was wrong about. Galen's work was much respected regardless. He got a lot right, but also a
fair amount wrong . For example, he stated that apes had hearts with 3 ventricles, as did humans.
During the Renaissance era, slicing open human cadavers was approved by many people, but
unfortunately a lot of professors bypassed the idea. Vesalius was a very dedicated man. He did
dissect criminals, but he also managed to snatch the bodies himself. Based on his research, Vesalius
created a very detailed book called De Humani Corporis Fabrica.(The Structure of the Human
Body). This was the most famous anatomy book of that era.
Just like Galen, Hippocrates never once dissected a human cadaver. He stated that "dissection was
unpleasant if not cruel," as stated on page 53 of the book Stiff by Mary Roach. Hippocrates believed
tendons to be nerves and believed the brain was a mucous secreting gland. Hippocrates was dubbed
the Father of Medicine.
In 1489 to 1515, Leonardo da Vinci, began to illustrate anatomical features. He is ordered to stop
dissecting in 1515 by

Dissection Alternatives Essay
Dissection Alternatives
Dissection in science classrooms is an experience that almost every student has to go through, but
one that many will regret. It is estimated that six million vertebrate animals are dissected in high
schools each year, and another 5.7 million are used in college laboratories. The issue of educational
dissection has become a national concern. Many groups such as PETA and The Humane Society
have been lobbying for years to outlaw such practices, and implement new and safe dissection
alternatives. Alternatives to dissection have become more popular in recent decades and may be the
future of modern science and education.
A dissection alternative is defined as an educational aid or teaching approach that replaces ... Show
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They ruled that under her First Amendment rights Jennifer could object to the dissection on moral
grounds, and therefore could not be forced to participate. Jennifer's high school then instated a
student choice policy so that students who chose not to participate in dissections would be offered a
viable alternative. Now there are seven states that have informed consent laws regarding classroom
dissection: Florida, California, Maine, Pennsylvania, Louisiana, Rhode Island, and New York. These
laws require that students must be informed of a dissection lab at the beginning of a course, and if
they wish, will be provided with an alternative. There are also two states where it is mandatory that
students are provided with dissection alternatives: Maryland, and Illinois.
There are also several nations that have banned educational dissection from their science
curriculums. Argentina was the first in 1987, followed by Slovakia (1994), and Israel (1999). And in
2001, India banned the use of mice, rats, and frogs for any type of dissection purposes.
The main issue with statewide dissection laws is that they only apply to elementary, middle, and
high schools. Colleges and Universities are not required to follow each state's policy. This can create
many problems. At one particular University, the student choice policy for dissection may very from
department to department or even from teacher to teacher. This can be very confusing and

Classification Of Aortic Dissection : Classification
Classification of aortic dissection: Classification is depends on location since treatment and
prognosis relies on upon the part of aorta included. Extent and localization of aortic dissection is
classified utilizing the Stanford or DeBakey classification (Geller et al., 2007). Stanford
classification: In the Stanford classification, which is generally utilized, type A dissections are
dissections including the ascending aorta in regardless to the site of the intimal tear or the distal
extent, while, type B are those not including the ascending aorta. The dangerous complications
predominantly happen in type A dissections which in this way command surgical intervention
(Geller et al., 2007). DeBakey classification: The DeBakey classification subdivides dissections
further: In type I the dissection starts in the ascending aorta and extends distally all through the
aorta. In type II the dissection is restricted to the ascending aorta. In type III the dissection starts in
the descending aorta and extends distally (Romano et al., 2007). Debaky II Debaky I Debaky III
Debaky I Debaky II Fig. 19: DeBakey and Stanford classification of dissections. Type A (proximal)
includes the ascending aorta, either in isolation (DeBakey II) or as feature of a more extensive
dissection (DeBakey I). Type B (Distal, or DeBakey III) dissections emerge after the

Sheep Brain Dissection Lab Report
The purpose of the sheep brain dissection is to appreciate the complex structure of the brain in three
dimensions. Also list, identify, and describe the important structures of the sheep brain and compare
with those of the human brain.
Materials:
Preserved sheep brain
Dissection tray
Scalpel
Scissors
Pins
Tweezers
Gloves
Safety glasses
Procedure:
Obtain a preserved sheep brain from the bucket and place this on a dissection tray.
Examine the outer surface of the brain and locate the dura matter (the outer toughest layer of the
brain).
Remove the dura matter.
Place the brain on dissecting tray and position its ventral surface upward. Identify olfactory nerve,
optic nerves, optic chiasm, pons, medulla oblongata, and spinal cord.
Position the brain with its ventral surface down and identify cerebral hemispheres, cerebral lobes
(frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital), cerebellum, longitudinal fissure, and transverse fissure.
In same position (with the ventral surface downward), make a longitudinal cut along the
longitudinal fissure using a scalpel all the way down, and separate the cerebral hemispheres.
Identify the corpus callosum, white and gray matters of the brain, thalamus, hypothalamus, lateral
ventricle, and pineal gland.
After finishing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, I saw how the different areas of the brain including cerebral hemispheres, brain stem,
pons, medulla oblongata, and cerebellum are connected with each other and perform their functions.
Also, by comparing the size and shape of a human's brain with sheep's brain, I learned and realized
that the human brain is much larger to the sheep brain, especially the large frontal lobe on a human
brain that gives the personality and decision making ability to human beings. Additionally, the sheep
brain is oriented anterior to posterior whereas the human brain is superior to

Persuasive Essay : Should Animal Testing Be Banned?
Animal Testing must be prohibited
Imagine being tied up, helpless for what is about to happen next. You don't deserve it but they about
to inject you and cut you open. No painkillers, no anesthetics, and everything that you are feeling
will be the last feeling that you will ever feel. Almost all of us grew up eating meat, wearing leather,
using cosmetics, and going to circuses and zoos. Most humans have bought pets from pet shops,
kept many birds and guinea pigs in cages, worn wool and silk clothing and gone fishing, Humans
never considered the impact of these actions on the animals involved. They are put in conditions that
most humans will never feel. Why? Only for the reason that they are the foundation of all research
that scientists want to conduct to create cures and treatments as well as for entertainment purposes.
Currently, there are millions of rats, cats, dogs, rabbits, and many other animals that are trapped
inside cages in labs around the country. They suffer badly as their bodies ache and they are lonely
and long to be free. These animals hope that one day they will be set free as they must wait in fear
for the next experimentation to begin. The conditions the animals are put through are harsh and
usually cause the organism to have strange behaviours such as pulling out their hair or biting at their
own skin. They are so scared that every time someone walks by, they jump, scared to death that it's
their turn to be tortured. Even after going through these many situations, most of these animals end
up dead. Animal testing is extremely immoral and unethical as it causes the suffering of animals
when in fact, the results are almost always inaccurate killing millions of animals. Most of the
animals that are put in the test almost never show accurate results. As well, there are many other
alternatives that can be used instead of the murder of all these living organisms that have done
nothing to deserve it. These efforts are usually less expensive and don't occur at the cost of a living
organism. Therefore, due to animal rights and ethical issues, alternative methods, and the
unreliability of test results in humans, animal testing must be prohibited for use in today's research,
treatments and products.

Fetal Pig Heart Lab Report
The first part of the dissection was a thorough examination of the cardiovascular system. My first
task was to explore the areas of the fetal pig heart along with the sheep heart. I found several
similarities and differences between the two hearts. I found that the fetal pig heart and the sheep
heart did not show any significant differences. However, one difference I noted was that the sheep
heart was much larger, making it closer to the size of a human heart compared to the fetal pig heart.
Another noticeable difference was that the sheep heart had an excessive amount of fatty tissue
surrounding the outer wall of the heart. Fatty tissue could not be seen on the fetal pig heart. I was
able to find many similarities between the two animal hearts. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This valve lies between the atria and the ventricles, in the upper and lower chambers. The second
valve I examined was the mitral valve, which like the tricuspid valve, is also found between the atria
and the ventricles. Third, was the pulmonic valve, which is located between the ventricles and the
major blood vessels exiting the heart. The final valve I found was the aortic valve. This valve can be
found alongside the pulmonic valve near the ventricles and blood vessels leaving the heart. All four
valves share the same function. This function is to act as a passageway for blood once it leaves the
chambers of the heart. This ensures that the blood is flowing in the same direction. Furthermore, I
found differences and similarities between the right and left sides of the heart. I will first begin with
the differences. One difference I noted was that the left side appeared to be stronger than the right
side. Also, the right side receives blood from the right atrium, whereas the left side receives the
blood from the left atrium. The sides were very similar in the sense that they both contain semilunar
valves and an AV valve. Another item found in the heart are the papillary

Animal Experimentation And The Medical Field
Every year in high–school, the discussion about animal experimentation would be brought up either
in a Science or English class. The discussions would last about three quarters of a period, and they
would go nowhere because nobody could agree whether it was a good or bad thing to do. I would
always be in the middle of the debate because, I believed that it was a good thing. I am for animal
experimentation because it has revolutionized the medical field, regulates the overpopulation of
certain animal species in the environment, and follows a certain set of laws set by the Animal
Welfare Act. The first reason I support animal experimentation is because it has revolutionized the
medical field. For thousands of years there have been reports of animal experimentation throughout
the courses of history. "Ancient Greek philosophers such as Aristotle (384–322 B.C.E.) observed
and manipulated numerous animals, establishing that mammals in particular resembled humans to
the extent that they could act as stand–ins. (Bruce Jennings)" As Bruce Jennings described, animal
experimentation has been around since the great historians. Also, one–hundred years after Aristotle
made the discovery that the human and animal anatomy were similar, a physician made a
miraculous discovery. "The Roman physician Galen (199–129 B.C.E.)...tied off the utters from a
cow to show they channeled urine from the kidneys to the bladder, and he cut the spinal cord in
different places to demonstrate the connections

Frog Dissection
At first on hearing we are doing a pig dissection I was pretty excited. I remember in seventh grade
we did a frog dissection. I was okay with it, but I thought the frog was to small. Moving around in
the frog was hard and was confusing. I was pretty excited about the pig dissection knowing that it
will be bigger than the frog. I was not scared or nerovus about this dissection at all as it is a nice
way to learn about other animals and species that live on Earth. The external anatomy of the pig was
quite interesting when we first saw it. The umbilical cord was large and long, it was wrapped around
the pig's back legs. The skin of the pig was wrinkly. Beneath the chin, the pig had a small little
collection of hairs, making it look like a beard.

Essay on Greatest Anatomist
Leonardo Da Vinci is famous as a painter, sculptor and inventor. In reality he was so much more,
with the range of topics in his arsenal of knowledge being anatomy, zoology, botany, geology,
optics, aerodynamics and hydrodynamics to name a few. He did play a large role in the development
of knowledge about anatomy and the human body. He was one of the greatest anatomists of his
time, although unrecognized for it during his lifetime.
Anatomical studies were primarily for the purpose of better depiction of the human body and
presumably went no further than a study of the superficial structures. Da Vinci's acquaintance with
anatomy in the beginning would be that of the artist, and it must be remembered that his fame was
gained primarily as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Neither of these matters can an answer be given to but it is suggested that he was given
opportunities in the Ospedale Maggiore as well as the Collegio dei Nobili Fisici, the chief medical
school of the city. (Ochenkowski, 199)
The earliest anatomical drawings by Leonardo are attributed to 1487. On the basis of these drawings
certain facts become manifest. It is apparent that his knowledge of anatomy was what he had
acquired by reading traditional writers such as Avicenna and Mundinus, by some animal dissection
and by surface inspection of the living human. (Morley, 554)
With his return to Florence Leonardo again took up his anatomical studies, and it appears that for
the first time he had access to a reasonably large amount of dissection material, obtained at the
Hospital of Santa Maria Nuova. As the dates of his drawings indicate, he had further dissection
specimens available to him, although whether he during this Florentine period ever became the
possessor of an entire cadaver there is no certainty. At the beginning of this period he was still an
amateur in the anatomical discipline, and his remarkable observations emphasized his genius. It is
wondered how much dissection Da Vinci actually did and despite his remarkable observations of
arteriosclerosis, indicative of close observation of the arterial system,

The Ethical Use Of Animal Experimentation In The United...
In the United States, over 100 million animals are used for experimentation and testing every year.
Most of these animals will either live a lifetime of misery and neglect or face death. A copious
amount of controversy surrounds animal experimentation because of the way it is performed.
Animal testing is done to test products for harsh chemicals, for medical research, and educational
purposes.
Products used by people everyday may have once been tested on animals. One way companies test
on animals is they put rabbits into "head holding devices." They are put into these devices to make it
easier for "chemicals and other products" to be put in their eyes to see how much harm is done
(Parks 68). Different animals are used to test different products ... Show more content on
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high schools each year (Parks 37). Animals are dissected in order to teach students about the
anatomy of living creatures. "Students gain an understanding of the animal's' internal structures, as
well as how their tissues and organs are interrelated." (Parks 39). Animal's lungs are inflated to show
how lungs work, pig's hearts are dissected to study the circulatory system, and impregnated rats are
dissected to learn about their reproductive systems (Parks 40). Not only does dissection harm
animals, it also harms the environment and the students that partake in the activity. When animals
are taking out of their natural habitat it affects "ecological balance" and prevents "bio–diversity"
(Animals Used 9). The chemicals that are used to preserve the animals or "specimens" can be
harmful to students and cause them to be ill (Animals Used 11). Nine states have created a "choice–
in–dissection" law that allows students to use an alternative method of study without having to
dissect, and they receive no deduction (Parks

Andreas Vesalius The Father Of Human Anatomy
Andreas Vesalius was one of the greatest minds of the Renaissance, he is frequently referred to as
the founder of modern human anatomy. The reason he accurately represents the Renaissance is
because of his dedication, persistence and intelligence. He was extremely dedicated to learn the truth
about the human anatomy. No matter the difficulties that he came across, he was determined to find
the truth, and because of this, he created the basic outline of human anatomy in modern studies and
shared his knowledge by writing his book called "De Humani Corporis Fabrica Libri Septem",
which is translated into "On the Fabric of the Human Body". Andreas Vesalius proved his dedication
by disproving Galen's discoveries about human anatomy. He did this even though many people had
been following what Galen had said for many years, making it extremely difficult for them to
believe ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He shows his creativity when he wrote his set of books called "De Humani Corporis Fabrica Libri
Septem", these books contained extremely detailed illustrations of the human body while also
explaining all of his discoveries in text. Which were the first books of their time to be reasonably
accurate ("The Fabrica of Andreas Vesalius: The Father of Modern Anatomy and His Most Famous
Work"). The reason these books were considered accurate was because he based the illustrations on
the research he had done while dissecting human cadavers ( "De Humani Corporis Fabrica", 2009),
unlike Galen who had based his research on animal dissections. He showed intelligence through his
research by interpreting countless types of information and piecing each of them together, giving
modern researchers their basic knowledge about the human body. Without him, the information he
discovered might not have been discovered at all. Or more realistically, without him, there would
have been a major setback in the discoveries of the human

The Human Body Has Changed Over 3000 Years Ago
The history of the human body has changed over 3,000 years ago. Many physicians based their
findings primarily through intuitive thinking and ancient philosophers. The primary reason I chose
this topic is because I love the anatomy and knowing all the organs, body parts, and the way the
body functions. After my aunt was diagnose with type 2 diabetes, I had a strong desire to know, how
could this be? I thought, "Why not know the history behind it and the science itself. What exactly
caused it? What specific organs in the body were affected by it? And is it preventable? Just take a
look around science is all around you. You may not see it through the naked eye, but believe me it's
there. "The Father of Medicine", and Greek physician, Hippocrates is well known in today 's era. He
believed diseases of the human body were naturally caused; rather than by demons. While on the
other hand, a Roman physician, Claudius Galen made fallacious judgements of the human body;
primarily because he only dissected animals and not cadavers. Andreas Vesalius had been much
more absurd; when performing dissection on dead bodies, in his anatomy class. Modern day
philosophers Hippocrates, Claudius Galen, and Andreas Vesalius had a passion for science and
incorporated their thoughts in skills into their own work.
Hippocrates found factors, which contributed to the underlying causes of diseases, in the human
body. During his time people, people believed that diseases were caused by some demonic

Animal Testing And Its Effects On The Poor Treatment Of...
An increasing number of activists believe that animals have rights. However, this idea is somewhat
controversial because animal activists look down upon the poor treatment of animals. They have a
fear that animal testing is causing abuse and suffering to the helpless animals. Animal testing is a
fairly serious matter because of all of the malfunctions and harm that leads to animal suffrage. The
types of animals being used, such as rats, mice,rabbits, and chips are selected specifically for the test
that is being performed. The outcomes of the test, depends on which animal is being tested and what
it is being examined for. Common tests being used on animals include, medicine for human
diseases, cosmetic products and their reactions, and students in training utilizing animals in
educational laboratories. Many different types of species are used for testing and experimentation,
but the most common types are mice, rats, rabbits, and chimpanzees. Rodents such as rats and mice
are commonly used for testing products for many reasons, one being their frequent reproduction.
Mice and rats are mammals with nervous systems similar to our own therefore, they are tested and
given cancer, tumors, paralysis, and high levels of anxiety and depression in their immune systems.
Rabbits are often used in animal testing and experiments because of their mild–temperament and
they are easy to handle. They are used in cruel chemical test to study cardiovascular disease, skin
conditions, and spinal

Persuasive Essay On Animal Testing
Animal testing is cruel and immoral because these animals have emotions and can feel the same
pain as humans.
It is absurd to test poor animals for the benefit of a woman's desire to make her face look "pretty."
Animals should not be tested and tortured, so a female can have a specific foundation that will make
her face look clear. Scientists have other methods on testing these makeup products but still choose
to use animals for safety precautions. Rebbeccah ZuaZua writes in an online article, "Animal testing
is simply unnecessary. This doesn't mean that we should instead put humans in danger. A solution to
animal testing is for companies to use products that are already deemed safe. Tons of ingredients
have already been confirmed as safe for human skin." (ZuaZua, para. 4). If many ingredients have
been confirmed to be safe on human skin, they should use what they have and try to make it better
and combine those to make a specific product. The humane society has given estimates of over
100,000 to 200,000 animals that die or get severely disfigured because of animal make up testing.
These makeup companies put many chemicals down these animals' throats and put dozens of
products onto their skin to ensure that it is safe for humans. Animals are not protected, and they go
through horrific pain. Animals lose their sight, bleed through their skin, have internal bleeding,
organ damage, birth defects and convulsions until it comes to their death (Rebeccah, para. 5).
Cosmetic users should be informed about the creation and development of their makeup products.
Animals are killed for a product that will probably last 2–3 months. One cannot help but feel bad
and take a stand against it and switch to cruelty free makeup.
Animal testing is very cost effective. It requires our governments to spend lots of taxpayers' money
to keep animals fed, get them transported and tested on. In an article on The Daily Caller written by
Michael Bastasch in 2013 he makes a statement that the government spends as much as $14.5
billion per year on animal testing (Bastasch, para. 1). "$14.5 billion could provide a lot of tax relief
for Americans. It could help pay down national debt or help prevent a shutdown," says Anthony

Pig Dissection
[Today in class we participated in a pig dissection, we worked in groups of two. The objective of
this assignment was to recap what we learned about the body's organs. The organs we were
instructed to cut out the pig were the large and small intestine, lungs, kidneys, heart, stomach, liver,
bladder and reproductive which was the ovaries for my partner and I because we had a female pig.
Once we took the organs out the pig we had to place and label the organs on white construction
paper. Our instructor informed us to receive extra points we needed to cut out the brain and the both
eyeballs. While the pigs were being passed out we watched a video that demonstrated the correct
way the pig should be cut down the middle. Our pig was pale and smelly. We laid the pig on its back
and tied ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Once we cut the pig down the middle, we ripped it open so that we could clearly see the organs. The
first organs we pulled from inside the pig were the large intestine, the small intestine and the liver.
We had to separate the large intestine from the small intestine. The large intestine begins at the
ileum and ends at the anus; the small intestine begins at the stomach and ends at the large intestine.
The large intestine absorbs water from food matter while the small intestine absorbs nutrients into
the bloodstream. The large and small intestine works as a tea, because they are connected and when
the wall of the small intestine contracts it sends the chyme [SHORTENED TITLE UP TO 50
CHARACTERS] 2 mixture toward the large intestine. The liver of our pig was brown. The liver is
divided into two lobes. The right lobe and the left lobe. The right lobe is large, and the left lobe is
small. The liver works a filter. It filters the blood before it goes to the rest of the body. The liver also
stores iron and vitamins. Afterward we located the lungs and the heart. The lungs assist with
respiration (breathing). The heart pumps blood movement through the body. Then we located the

Andreas Vesalius Accomplishments
"I strive that in public dissection the students do as much as possible so that even the least trained of
them must dissect a cadaver before a group of spectators, he will be able to perform it accurately
with his own hands; and by comparing their studies one with another they will properly understand,
this part of medicine." – Andreas Vesalius, In these next paragraphs I will prove to you how smart
and intelligent of a man Andreas Vesalius was. Andreas Vesalius was born December 31, 1514 in
Brussels, Habsburg, Netherlands. His parents are Isabel Crabbe and Andries Van Wesel. As a kid
Andreas loved the dismemberment of animals. His spouse was Anne Van Hamme. They had one
daughter together and named her Anne. Andreas's grandpa received ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
One major achievement was finding the modern day human anatomy. Along with all of this he also
had many books published. One of his most important books was the "De Humani Corporis Fabrica"
which was a huge progress for science. This book proved that the idea of men and women having
different amount of ribs was wrong. This book also made him a royal physician after it was shown
to the Holy Roman Emperor. It also proved that many of Galen's findings were wrong. In 1541,
Andreas realized Galen's research was based of animal dissections due to human dissection being in
banned in Ancient Rome. He would dissect Barbary Macaques because it was closest to the man
body structure. Andreas had many scientific findings in the skeletal system, muscular system,
vascular and circulatory systems, nervous system, abdominal organs, and the heart. Vesalius's work
was part of one the earliest health programs. The Council of Doges in Venice. They responded to the
bubonic plague. University of Padua devoted themselves to figure out more. Like how it spreads,
how it develops in a person, and if it's possible for victims to be cured. If it wasn't for Andreas
dissecting the body of a felon named Jakob Karrer Von Gebweiler, the discovery of the human
anatomy could've came along a lot

Importance Of Dissection And Body Snatching During The...
Dissection and Body Snatching During the English Renaissance The Renaissance was a time period
in history that came with a plethora of changes in art, religion, music, and science. Considered one
of the most beautiful eras thus far, it shaped the modern age. Curiosity peaked in people everywhere
in Europe. Dissection gained popularity and importance during the Renaissance, which led to body
snatching becoming common; both of these activities gave way to new advancements. Dissection of
human bodies became popular during the Renaissance time as people started to redraw and disprove
previous beliefs about human anatomy. Interest in anatomy grew for artistic and medicinal purposes.
Artists such as Raphael and Michelangelo began "integrating their knowledge of surface and deeper
anatomy into their paintings" (Wear). However, the majority of anatomical knowledge at this time
was based on Greek and Medieval Italian dissection of animals (Ghosh). Comparing animal bodies
to the human body provided its' inconsistencies, and anatomists like Andreas Vesalius pointed them
out and disproved what was considered factual. His studies inspired scientists years to come to
venture into anatomy and dissection as well. To study the inner anatomy of the human body,
scientists needed cadavers, or dead bodies, to dissect. At this time, there was very limited access to
cadavers, which led to body snatching, also known as grave robbing, becoming extremely common.
Surgeons and anatomists would go

Human Gross Anatomy Dissection Paper
The Human Gross Anatomy course is comprised of two components: lectures and laboratory
dissections. Human cadaveric dissection has withstood many challenges to its role in anatomy
courses and remains unvanquished as the superior method of learning human anatomy. The Human
Gross Anatomy course at the Saint Louis University School of Medicine utilizes cadaveric
dissection for the advancement of student's appreciation of the presentation of anatomical structures
and their relationships. Yet, with the significant decline of Human Gross Anatomy course hours over
the past five decades and the quantity of material to be taught/learned has remained unchanged,
supplementary tools to drive a more efficient learning experience have been explored. "Traditional
information ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, an independent aid that allows proper lab preparation and repetitive retrieval of
information is required for long term memory development" (Drake et al., 2002). "The use of
supplemental learning modalities, specifically computer aided instruction has proven to be an
effective tool that facilitates the laboratory task efficiency" (Topping, 2013). Preparatory dissection
videos – a supplementary educational tool that has been proven to increase anatomy examination
scores (Topping, 2013; Saxena, 2008; Granger 2007; Wilson 1975) – has created an educational
movement where medical schools are "increasingly engage their students in more independent
learning of anatomy through interactive computer technology" (Saxena, 2008). At the University of
California–San Francisco School of Medicine, students were provided video dissections of
upcoming labs that followed scripted instructions adapted from anatomy syllabi and "were
specifically edited to review the important steps of the dissection procedure, and to identify the key
anatomic structures" (Saxena, 2008). This resource allowed students to prepare for the upcoming
laboratory leading to their maximizing of dissection hours and a 3.4%

Essay On Dissection In Schools
Dissection in High Schools Dissection has become more and more prevalent in high schools in the
last 50 years, so much that it has been estimated that about 75% of pre–college level biology classes
have them. Many organizations like PETA and animal humane societies have been bashing
dissection because it can be considered animal cruelty. Studies have shown that dissections have
provided a hands–on, authentic approach to understanding anatomy and physiology, but when you
consider the ethics behind dissection, it totally changes the game. I believe that dissections in high
school do help students understand Anatomy and Physiology, but are unethical. Dissections in high
schools are considered unethical based off of their distributors/sources of the cadavers, alternatives
to animal dissection, and how it tells students that it's okay to abuse helpless animals. While people
like to believe that the animals have been killed because they were sick ... Show more content on
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PETA believes that dissection can even dissuade some people from pursuing careers in science.
Many animal rights groups think that classroom dissection desensitizes students to the sanctity of
life. Reports from MLive (a Michigan broadcast network) show that serial killer Jeffery Dahmer
dissected a frog when he was younger and then went to a dog and then became an infamous serial
killer. Now, I'm not saying that since we are dissecting a cat we will become serial killers, but it
shows that someone thought it was okay to treat other beings like so because they were told it was
okay to do in school. Students who plan to go into the medical field would do better with human
cadavers or any of the non–animal methods. This would more accurately reflect what they would
encounter in medical school, since according to CNN, more than 90 percent of US medical schools
have abandoned animal dissection in their

Animal Testing Is Unethical And Unnecessary
Animal testing is a secret most companies don't like to share. It is a global problem that needs to be
put to an end. The use of animal testing is used in medicine, cosmetics and for educational purposes
and it is immoral and unnecessary when we have advanced technologies that can replace these
harmful methods.
PETA. "Using Animals for Medical Testing Is Unethical and Unnecessary." Ed. Tamara Thompson.
The Ethics of Medical Testing. Detroit MI: Greenhaven/Gale, Cengage Learning, 2011. 76–82.
Print.
This scholarly article's main focus is proving that the use of animals in medical testing is both
unethical and unnecessary by providing evidence and multiple statistics. Its main points are that the
results using of animal testing is very unreliable, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I have been able to find many helpful sources that have given me a substantial amount of
information related and in connection with my topic. Scholarly sources were harder to come by, but
I was able to find an abundance of non–scholarly sources. I think this is due to the fact that this is a
current issue and although finding scholarly data is possible, non–scholarly data presents more in
depth and current results that have either not yet been written about or that governmental
associations try to hide from the public. As I further my research, I hope to find more scholarly
sources. I would like to broaden my search terms and maybe try searching for sources in other
databases using the keywords "cruelty free" as well as further my search in discovering the full
process of animal testing within medical science, cosmetics and in educational facilities and what
laws are in place for animal rights and laws pertaining to experimenting with animals in different
regions. I'd also like to find a source that goes in more detail about the alternatives to animal testing
as well. This is something that I really need because it is an important part of my thesis and paper. I
was surprised by the massive numbers of animals that are manipulated, abused and murdered per
year. It was also surprising to me that animals used for testing and experimentation are not protected
by the Animal Welfare Act. I feel as if I'm just scratching the surface

Chicken Dissection Lab Report
During this lab dissection I hope to gain a better understanding of how the different organ systems
inside of a chicken work together. I expect to do well with this dissection because I have performed
numerous necropsies with Dr. Macklin while working in his poultry microbiology lab. Many
different components will factor into how much excitement or fear I will have heading into the lab.
My excitement for this lab will come from learning how everything works together, and my fear will
be not knowing which part of the chicken to dissect because I do not remember the correct
anatomical terminology that we will use. I am very excited to learn and gain a better understanding
of the various systems within the chicken. I am most anxious to learn

Cat Dissection Lab
Introduction The goal of this lab was to dissect and isolate the muscles and organs of a cat.
Dissection is the act of cutting into a specimen to learn the anatomy of it upon other things. Isolation
is the act of separating one body part from another. The groups were to explore different areas of the
cat as a class. After observing for six days the students were to know the locations of muscles and
organs throughout the specimen. The anatomy of a cat is very similar to a human so it was a perfect
example to work on.
Day 1 On day one the students were to isolate the following muscles: Acromiotrapezius,
Clavotrapezius, Spinodeltoid, Spinotrapezius, Latissimus Dorsi, Sternomastoid, Triceps Brachii,
Clavobrachialis, Acromiodeltoid. Paige Toset, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The respiratory system in a human consists of the upper and lower tracts. The upper tract includes:
Nose, Pharynx, and associated structures. The lower tract includes: Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi,
Lungs, and the tubing within the lungs. Whereas, in a cat its functions are to exchange carbon
dioxide with oxygen and acts as a cooling system. Cats do not sweat therefore, they have to breathe
harder and faster to cool off. After their first breath, a cat's respiratory system is in perfectly working
condition. Their respiratory system concludes of the nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx, larynx,
trachea, bronchi and the lungs. I would say they are pretty similar in comparison the only difference
is that in a cat it works as a cooling system as

How To Dissect The Human Body?
The late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries in Europe were an explosion of modern
advancement as the Industrial Revolution took hold. The development of large industrialized cities
brought about a change in attitude regarding progress that allowed modern scientists to look further
into nature for solutions to everyday qualms. At the forefront of the innovational age was the
discovery of electricity and the beginning of its experimentation for both practical and scientific
purposes. Concepts similar to electricity had been debated in ancient societies, however the human
mind was never able to capture it until the beginning of the nineteenth century. Experimentation
with electricity caused controversy throughout Europe as results came ... Show more content on
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Soon after Galvani published his findings in 1891 Alessandro Volta proposed that the "'animal' part
of Galvani's animal electricity was not needed" (Alessandro n.pag). Volta instead believed in what
he called metallic electricity. He alleged that all that was need to generate electricity was any moist
material between two different metals (Voltaic n.pag). However, by this time Galvani's theory held
wide acceptance due to public demonstrations. To support his claims, in 1800, Volta built what is
now known as the voltaic pile, which would come to be known as the first electric battery (Montillo
56). The voltaic pile used the natural transfer of electrons between two metallic elements to establish
an electric current that could be directed through a wire. With the help of his voltaic pile, Volta
successfully disproved Galvani's theory of animal electricity (Parent 578). Scientists of the time
began to use the voltaic pile as a source of electricity for experimentation with galvanism soon after
its

Essay on Animal Rights
Animal Rights
Ever since The Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals in
England in 1824 was formed there has been long running debates on the topic of animal rights. The
first societies were formed to protect and maintain human treatment of work animals, such as cattle,
horses and house hold pets. Towards the end of the 19th century more organizations were formed,
this time to protest the use of animals in scientific experimentation. In today's society groups such as
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) have continued these traditional fights as well
as adding new agendas. These new agendas include hunting and fishing, and dissection of animals in
science classes. This paper
will ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The rights of animals are watched out for by organizations dating back to the early 1800's. This, I
feel is an important step in protecting animals as long as they protest within there legal rights. In
order to sum my opinion up animals do have certain rights but if experiments, research, hunting and
dissection provide positive increases in knowledge that furthers the existence of the world it is a
necessary thing that must be done.
Perhaps the biggest and most debated subject dealing with the rights of animals is the use of them in
research and experimentation. "Very few people would object to the use of animals if human
lives were saved as a consequence."
(Minkoff, 26) However the extremists who do object would do so on a few key points. Firstly,
animals which are used are subjected to in humane treatment.
This consists of tests such as the LD50, which entails giving an animal a lethal dose of a chemical or
drug until 50% of them die. Also, experimenters are subjecting them to wound experiments,
radiation experiments and studies on the effects of chemical warfare.(PETA, 2) Organizations such
as PETA are also opposed to cosmetic testing on animals due to experimenters spraying, injecting,
and feeding cosmetics to animals which cause labored breathing, blindness and death in some cases.
These organizations argue that cosmetics have

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