How Does Kass Argue The Ethics Of Human Cloning

How Does Kass Argue The Ethics Of Human Cloning
Somatic nuclear transfer is a process in which an egg cell and a donor nucleus are
joined together to create an identical version of the donor. This is a process whereby a
clone is created, and this act of reproductive cloning is regarded with controversy; is it
morally permissible, or is it morally grotesque.
There are certain elements to consider when debating the ethics of human cloning.
Leon Kass in his article "The Wisdom of Repugnance" contends that reproductive cloning is
morally corrupt, describing it as offensive, repulsive, and repugnant, believing these terms
to be commonly associated with regards to human cloning.
Kass goes forth with his arguments by considering three different approaches in support of
cloning:
1.The Technological Approach: cloning is seen as a development of previous methods for assistingreproduction.
2.The Liberal Approach: cloning is validated by appeals to rights, freedoms, and empowerments.
3.The Melorist Approach: cloning is substantiated because it promotes human advancement (thus rendering bad genes no longer a concern).
In response to all three arguments, Kass believes that they all possess the underlying
problem of disregarding the significance of sex, as well as attacking the reality of our

identity and the natural way of sexual reproduction; when a couple comes together to
create a new being, they experience a certain precious unity that cannot be replicated nor
replaced.
Some of the problems
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The Ethics of Cloning Essay
Imagine a world where everyone looked like you and was related to you as a sibling, cousin, or any form of relation, wouldn't that be freaky?
Although cloning is not an important issue presently, it could potentially replace sexual reproduction as our method of producing children. Cloning is a
dangerous possibility because it could lead to an over–emphasis on the importance of the genotype, no guaranteed live births, and present risks to both
the cloned child and surrogate mother. It also violates the biological parent–child relationship and can cause the destruction of the normal structure of a
family. The cloning of the deceased is another problem with cloning because it displays the inability of the parents to accept the child's ... Show more
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Reproductive cloning could essentially replace sexual reproduction and change the way of life for future generations.
There are two main types of Reproductive Cloning, Blastomere Separation (Embryo Splitting) and cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer
(SCNT) technology (Cibelli et al. 478). "Blastomere separation is the making of multiple copies of a genome by separating or multiplying the
individual cells of an early embryo (Cibelli et al. 478)." This process can make multiple identical genotypes possible. SCNT Technology is the use
of a somatic (body) cell nucleus from an existing (or deceased) person to copy the genome of that individual (Cibelli et al. 478). There are two uses
to this technology, the procreative uses and the deliberate replicative uses. People who cannot have a biologically related child any other way would
use the procreative SCNT technology. It appeals to both gays and lesbians or just people who want to avoid transmitting a disease through sexual
reproduction (Cibelli et al. 478). The purpose is to obtain a healthy child who is directly related to his/her parents, not to re–create a living genotype
(Cibelli et al. 478). On the

The Ethics of Cloning Essay
According to Richard Dawkins "Cloning may be good and it may be bad. Probably it's a bit of both. The question must not be greeted with reflex
hysteria but decided quietly, soberly and on its own merits. We need less emotion and more thought" (Dawkins, 2011). Cloning is a general term used
to describe the replication of biological material (Cloning Fact Sheet, 2009). Throughout this paper the reasoning behind why cloning is an acceptable
and potentially life changing science will be examined. Along with this we will take a close look at the arguments against cloning and exploring the
flaws within the argument. This will affirm that cloning is useful because it cures diseases, passes on genes, and repopulates endangered species.
In ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Closely related to DNA cloning is therapeutic cloning which, like DNA, is the cloning of cells; but the cloning is of embryos not in the hope to
create human life but rather to harvest stem cells. The harvesting of these cells is important since these cells, unlike all of the others in the human
body, are able to form into any type of cell in the body ranging from bone, tissue, blood, and brain cells. Once the human body progresses to a
certain stage the stem cells change into specialized cells and from that they will only be able to form those specific cells from that point forward.
The main hope from therapeutic cloning is to use these stem cells to serve as replacement cells to treat such diseases as cancer, heart disease, and
even Alzheimer's. However, one of the strongest arguments for therapeutic cloning is the use of these stem cells for organ donation (Cloning Fact
Sheet, 2009). Because the cells do not require the use of immunosuppressant drugs, which is generally used when transplanting a foreign organ, with
this and the fact that there is an extremely low risk of the body rejecting the organ cells since they are exact replica's if the organ cells already existing
inside the persons body (Cloning, 2011). According to one source, a long term solution to organ shortage is in fact an increased funding in therapeutic
Cloning (Nelson, Rosenberg, Weiss, & Goodrich, 2009).
Reproductive

The Ethics Of Human Cloning
With so many unknown secrets about our intricate minds and bodies, the human race stands easily as one of the most extraordinarily complex and
mysterious species in the world. Since the beginning of time our race has been evolving with knowledge, constantly searching for a complete
understanding of how we function, and how we can improve ourselves. Through various studies, researchers have thought of ways to modify the human
body by means of medication, surgical procedures and other processes. One of these methods is through human reproductive cloning. The very prospect
of cloning was introduced in the early 1900s, but only recently has made a notable impact on society. It truly is a thing of science fiction; a concept that
most of society is familiar with through books and movies, but is not contemplated with much seriousness. But following the numerous successes in the
cloning of animals and food that have piqued the interest of the scientific community, debates about the possibility and the ethics of human cloning
have been brought about. But the question is: should these kinds of risky experiments be executed on human beings? Although the cloning of humans
could potentially be beneficial, particularly to the world of medicine, the various dangers and downsides make cloning an unethical choice for
impending scientific research and tests, and should not be practiced in the future.
It is first very crucial to define exactly what cloning is, as well as its various types.

Essay about Analyzing the Ethics of Reproductive Cloning
Analyzing the Ethics of Reproductive Cloning
"We hold these Truths to be self–evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that
among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness"
–Thomas Jefferson, The Declaration of Independence (1776)
The notion of the existence of basic human rights which all men are entitled to, first advanced by the great philosopher John Locke, became an
indelible part of the American psyche when Thomas Jefferson first wrote these words in the Declaration of Independence in 1776. While the modern
reader might be reluctant to question the intentions of the authors of such moral and dignified words, most historians ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The 21st century however forecasts an astonishing increase in innovation in another direction. While previously overshadowed by its larger cousins,
physics and chemistry, it seems likely that the biological sciences will steal the limelight in the future. Mapping the genome, reversing the aging
process, and finding a cure for terminal illnesses, all represent primary objectives for science. Unfortunately, the ethical questions posed by innovations
in biomedicine are far greater than those posed by advances in the physical sciences. Reproductive cloning is one of these innovations, and one that
arguably poses the greatest threat to the world as we know it. The universal truth, blindly accepted by man for millennia, held that a human could
only be born through the sexual union of a male and a female, to be exact, of an egg and a sperm. By cloning, however, a human life can be created in
the laboratory. This is done by taking human DNA and inserting it into an egg cell, sans genetic material. The resultant cell is identical to the original,
and can then be inserted into a uterus, either a human or an animal one, and be grown to term, to produce a baby, while circumventing nature's means
of reproduction. One of the most troubling

The Ethics of Cloning Essays
Imagine living in a society where performing a certain process, a perfect genetically identical copy of a biological entity could be produced (Cloning
Fact Sheet, 1). This process is called cloning, and essentially it takes from one's own genetic makeup to produce an exact replica. These exact replicas,
known as clones, can benefit our society in many different ways; however, these benefits are not without great controversy and concerns. Proponents of
cloning suggest that through cloning, humans can experience a greater quality of life with fewer health concerns including hunger and reproduction.
Cloning consist of three different types. Gene, Reproductive, and Therapeutic cloning are equally valuable in their own rights (Cloning Fact ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Today the average person understands that cloning is defined as making genetically identical copies of a single cell or organism (McCuen, 11). In
layman terms this means human beings can now created their perfect version of a desired outcome whether it be plants, animals, or potentially
humans. On February 24, 1997 history was made. The first cloned adult mammal was born through somatic cell nuclear transfer (McCuen, 11).
Somatic cell nuclear transfer is when a nucleus of a mammary gland is removed and fused with an egg by using electrical pulses. The pulses
prompt the egg to divide to form an embryo. The embryo is then transferred to a uterus where it is implanted to grow (McCuen, 10). Before the
creation of Dolly, many scientists were unsuccessful in their attempts to produce a genetically identical copy of a cell. In the rare occasion that they
were successful in their attempts, they would soon be discouraged due to the inability of the clone to sustain life. It took hundreds of attempts before
Dolly's team of scientist could obtain a successfully cloned sheep. Of the 277 successful transfers, only 29 became embryos. And of these 29
embryos, Dolly was the sole survivor (Sweat, 1). What sets Dolly apart from previous clones is the fact that she was cloned differently. Dolly was
cloned not from sex cells but from mature mammal cells with no reproductive function (Sweat, 1). Even though Dolly was a

Biomedical Ethics: Cloning and Sales of Organs
July 17, 2012
Table of Contents
ITEM PAGE #
Introduction 3
I. The Initial Horror 3
II. What is Cloning? 3
III. Bioethics 5
IV. Immanuel Kant 5
V. President's Council on Bioethics (2002) 6
VI. Utilitarian Viewpoint 7
VII. The Debate on the Sale of Organs 8
VIII. Human Rights 12
IX. Justice Approach to Ethics 13
X. Distributive Justice Approach to Ethics 13
Summary and Conclusion 16
Introduction
To sell or not to sell, that is the question. In a story once told a young man died from a heart attack way too soon for most people to even consider
death and his young nephew asked the adults when they explained that he had died why did they not get the man a new heart? It is not so simple, the
adults attempted to explain or indeed it is simpler than one might at first believe? This work intends to conduct an examination of the issue of
biomedical ethics as it relates to the cloning and sale of organs.
I. The Initial Horror The initial horror one feels when considering cloning and selling organs is natural and an expected reaction by the human mind.
What has not yet been conceived upon first hearing is strange and unnatural and the mind attempts to disseminate the new and strange information.
However, as this work will show, the cloning and sale of human organs is a scientific breakthrough unequaled by any before and offers great promise
for a better life for many

The advancement of technology and scientific ideas has raised debates about the ethics of in–vitro fertilization, preimplantation, stem cell research,
demographic control, for example, by sterilization, genetic modification for health or physical enhancement, and human cloning. The idea of human
cloning is most interesting because it is most mysterious and very complex. The topic of human cloning inclusively brings up issues also raised in the
mentioned technologies.
Human cloning is of two types: therapeutic and reproductive. Therapeutic cloning aims to produce tissues or organs from cells of a cloned embryo,
whereas reproductive cloning aims to further develop the cloned embryo into a human being (Glannon 89).
Motivations for human cloning are therapeutic, research, and enhancement. Bioethicist John Harris explains that human cloning may benefit people's
understanding of genetic nature and abnormalities, as intended with animal cloning (148). Harris expands explaining that human cloning could, if
proved safe, could provide an alternative or better choice to techniques, such as pre–implantation, for scientific testing (144). In addition, human
cloning could supply needy people with organs (148). Most popular, human cloning would give people another way to have children of their own,
helpful to infertile people and people with hereditary genetic diseases. (148). Leon Kass explains that people might also seek human cloning to
substitute for a dear relative (149). Harris

Ethics Of Cloning Essay
The first idea of cloning began in 1938, when scientist Hans Spemann had the idea to replace the nucleus of an egg with the nucleus of another cell.
Mr. Spemann did this in an attempt to grow a new embryo; however, the experiment was unsuccessful (Copernicus Science Centre). A successful
attempt in the field of cloning did not occur until the 1970's when Scientist John B. Gurdon successfully cloned a frog. However, each clone did not
survive passed the stage of a tadpole. Scientist Gurdon was questioned by the public as to whether or not his practices were morally and ethically
correct, especially since he was unable to successfully clone a mammal. (Copernicus Science Centre). The cloning of a mammal was not successful
until 1997 when the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Psychologists believe that the cloned individual will feel unbearable emotional complications and pressure, as they reach their teenage years
(Dixon, 2007). During our teenage years will all begin to figure out who we are, our likes, dislikes, preferences, how we want to act, and what we
want to believe in. Thirteen years old to twenty years old are some of the most crucial years of our lives as we can finally begin to identify who we
are as a person. A cloned individual is not going to be able to act the same way as the person they were cloned to look like, and the clone may not
be able to fully ever identify the type of individual they are. The reasoning a clone is going to have so many issues in trying to find their identity is
because they are not going to be able to tell as to how they are meant to act. A clone will not know if they are supposed to act and have the same
demeanor as the person they were cloned to be, or as to whether they are able to create their own personality and identity (Dixon, 2007). Emotional
risks of cloning do not end here, as many families want to clone their deceased children in order to feel a sense of

The supposed benefits of cloning cannot justify the impact it would have on humanity, today's state of racism, and the value of human life.
Cloning is unethical because clones are not genuine human beings and would create a disruption in society. A common belief of human cloning is that
a cloned being would cease to have a mind nor a spirit CITE. Within a universe of clones, there would no longer be diversity, creativity, or
individualism. Culturally, this idea has fascinated the minds of many. In numerous films throughout the twentieth and twenty–first centuries, human
cloning has been portrayed in various ways. For example, in the movie Alien Covenant, there is not exactly human cloning per se, but there is a
character who is a synthetically created human being who is an accurate representation of what a human clone would be like. The character known as
Walter embodies bland characteristics that a human clone would likely possess CITE. In comparison to the human characters in the film, Walter does
not possess a sense of humor or any real communication skills and is overall quite an odd character. Furthermore, the existence of humans similar to
Walter propose a problem in fusing with the natural circulation of society. A major issue with cloning is that it is probable these clones would not
assimilate and fall into place with the rest of society due to their inability to adapt culturally.
Along with the creation of clones, a disturbance in society would occur due to

The Ethics Of Cloning In Nine Lives
What makes an individual themselves as a whole? Every single person experiences things for themselves whether it be happiness, love, fear, or even
loss. These experience allow us to function as a person but also as a society. In the story of Nine Lives, cloning become a means to fix humans
population crysis. Cloning has it benefits being efficiency and fluidity of the clones work ethic and thoughts, but this process takes away everything
that makes a person be able to function as an individual being. Cloning in essence is the copying of human DNA to make a more perfect coterie to
achieve a goal, but i believe that it is unethical to take away a humans identity and individuality. Thus, outlined by Nine Lives, cloning should not be
used because ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The remaining soul is left purposeless, filled with grief, and confused as it is surrounded by other humans. As Guin writes, "But if he had been I
don't know if he'd have thought to signal us. They looked to one another for help." This depicts how if just a few of the clones are in danger they
will forget all risks and dive to the aid of the clones as a whole. This event causes every John Chow to perish except for one. As described by an
article on wvu.edu, " Cloning can affect our diversity and ability to adapt to new conditions." As the story Nine Lives says, Kaph is left alone in a
seemingly new environment. Kaph is now in individual that has had his life change and he cannot handle residing is a state of deep

Human cloning is a topic surrounded in controversy. There is yet to be an instance of a successfully cloned human, despite several attempts (Cloning
Fact Sheet, 2017). Time, money and resources have been spent in these trials, but whether or not we as human beings and God's children should even
be attempting to make carbon copies of another human is an important question. Cloning is wrong ethically and theologically. It is as if humans are
intervening in natural creation and playing God, it can develop new diseases and scientific challenges that never before existed and clones would
serve very little real purpose in society. According to the truth that we, as Christians, hold as evident in the Holy Bible, cloning is theologically
wrong. God created all things and with cloning it is the unnatural creation of life by man, through science. In Genesis, the word says, "So God
created mankind in his own image, in the image of God he created them; male and female he created them." (Genesis 1:27). This means that all
humans are created by God in his image, and in the act of human cloning is to deviate from his creation, as if it is not good enough, and play the role
of God by creating man. The only way a human should be created, according to Psalms, is natural reproduction between a man and a woman who are
sworn into a marriage, "Children are a heritage from the Lord, offspring a reward from him. Like arrows in the hands of a warrior are children born
in one's youth. Blessed is the

The ethics of cloning Early in 1997, Scottish scientist Dr. Ian Wilmot revealed to the world that he had successfully cloned an adult sheep, Dolly. With
this invention, the world made a aggregate astonishment at the realization that cloning was no longer an aspect of a Science Fiction movie. Since then,
human cloning has become one of the most expressing divergent topics in the world, discussions began regarding the ethic consequence of human
cloning. In several recent opponents argue that it 's unethical and that it won 't benefit humans in anyway but cause harm. At variance, I believe that
human cloning can have many benefits for the human race in terms of helping infertile couples and people with genetic problems. As well as being ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Then, "the cell is manipulated into believing that it has been fertilized and is then implanted into the womb of the mother, just as is done in the process
of in–vitro fertilization. Afterwards, the embryo develops into a fetus and is born after nine months, just like any other baby" (Shapiro, H. 1997.
pp.14–17). What this means is that the cloned baby is only different from other babies is that they share the same exact DNA with another person, just
like identical twins, only the clone is much younger than its twin. The child will grow up to be no more like their twin than natural identical twins are
alike. Therefore, some people 's' beliefs that human cloning is a complicated process, which involves techniques that seem unrealistic.
Some of the most commonly cited ethical and concern principles of right and wrong behavior arguments against human cloning seem to come from
people with religious perspectives. These religious arguments are made by people from all over the world, including scientists. Many religious people
believe the study of fundamental knowledge teaches that human life is unique, and should be created, determined and controlled only by their god(s).
Many religions believe in the existence of, and in the individuality of, a human soul. And the only person who can create a soul is God. Richard
McCormick, for Christian Century, believes that "human cloning is an

Virtue Ethics And Reproductive Cloning
There are three different types of genetic cloning, Recombinant DNA Technology / Molecular Cloning, Therapeutic (or Research) Cloning and
Reproductive Cloning, all with various techniques, purposes and all have differing degrees of controversy. The controversies surrounding genetic
cloning are based on moral dilemmas varying from right versus wrong, to right verus right a true decription of a "moral dilemma ". (McConnell, T.
c2014) In this paper, each of the various types of normative ethics including virtue ethics, deontological ethics and consequentialist ethics are discussed
in relation to answer the questions of moral rightness surrounding the issue of cloning. Finally, the most appropriate form of ethical reasoning is
explored to solving ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(McConnell, T. c2014) If parents use cloning as an instrument of achieving their desired outcome of a genetic child and embryos are considered as a
form of human life at fertilisation before being destroyed in medicine, then the moral way to handle this is to ban all forms of genetic cloning. In all
cases of cloning, the embryo life form is a tool for a human to get what they

Ethics of Human Cloning and Genetic Engineering Essay
INTRODUCTION
When the Roslin Institute's first sheep cloning work was announced in March 1996 the papers were full of speculation about its long–term
implications. Because of this discovery, the media's attention has focused mainly on discussion of the possibility, of cloning humans. In doing so, it
has missed the much more immediate impact of this work on how we use animals. It's not certain this would really lead to flocks of cloned lambs in
the fields of rural America, or clinically reproducible cuts of meat on the supermarket shelves. But it does force us to ask questions about the way we are
using animals with new technology, and the kinds of assumptions we make. To create Dolly (the cloned sheep), Scottish researchers simply took...
The amount of animals and the amount of milk is very small compared with conventional meat or bulk milk production. Imagine you are a
commercial breeder of cows or hogs, and over many generations you have bred some fine and valuable animals with highly desirable characteristics.
One possible application of Roslin's work could be to clone such animals from the cells of one of them, and sell the cloned animals to "finishers" –
those farmers who simply feed up the animals for slaughter, rather than breed them to produce more stock. Again, the breeder might want to clone a
series of fast growing, highly productive animals in a breeding program, in order to test how the same "genotype" responded to different environmental
changes.
ANALYSIS
Would cloning narrow genetic diversity too far? Before we look at the ethics, there are some practical problems to consider. One of the fundamental
rules of selective breeding is that you must maintain a high enough level of genetic variation. The more you narrow down the genetic "pool" to a
limited number, the more you run two risks. One is that you could also have accidentally selected for some other not–so–desirable characteristic along
with the one you wanted. (Klug, 1996) The selected lines could have certain disadvantages in some other genetic trait. These would be evened out in
normal genetic diversity of selective breeding, but if animals were cloned, there would be no selection. The second risk is that

The Ethics Of Cloning
Jael Sanchez Period 6 The ethics of cloning Early in 1997, Scottish scientist Dr. Ian Wilmot revealed to the world that he had successfully cloned an
adult sheep, Dolly. With this invention, the world made a aggregate astonishment at the realization that cloning was no longer an aspect of a Science
Fiction movie. Since then, human cloning has become one of the most expressing divergent topics in the world, discussions began regarding the
ethic consequence of human cloning. In several recent opponents argue that it 's unethical and that it won 't benefit humans in anyway but cause
harm. At variance, I believe that human cloning can have many benefits for the human race in terms of helping infertile couples and people with
genetic problems. As well as being really helpful for a person with diseases such as kidney and liver defects or cancer. Nevertheless human cloning
can have it defects such as being immoral and unethical to clone human beings for both religious and humanitarian reasons. In order to be able to
understand one needs to know the process of cloning involves. Although, there have been many proposed methods for cloning, only one of them has
been successful so far. Put simply, cloning is the process in which the DNA of a female egg cell is replaced with different DNA from another cell. This
technique is also called "Nuclear Transfer" or "Nuclear

The Controversy Concerning The Ethics Of Human Cloning
Clones are humans. This statement embodies the crux of the controversy regarding the ethics of human cloning. If clones are humans, then they should
receive the same rights as humans who were born 'naturally'. But how do you determine humanity? The film Never Let Me Go (2010), based on Kazuo
Ishiguro's novel of the same name, helps answer the question "Should we clone?" by establishing that humanity is more than the way one enters the
world and by highlighting the unethical issues that may arise from cloning.
Never Let Me Go illustrates the humanity of the cloned characters – Kathy, Tommy, and Ruth– as they attempt to determine the roles they play in the
world. The film begins by introducing the characters when they were children attending Hailsham School. Just like 'normal' children, they seek
companionship from each other and in the process realize the complexities of their relationships with each other. Tommy, for instance, has difficulty
relating to his peers. When he isn 't picked to be a part of the soccer team and is told "Looks like no one wants you," he expresses his frustration by
throwing a tantrum. And just like 'normal' children, they derive happiness from the simple moments. Simple moments such as when Ruth fantasizes
about owning five horses like Ruth or when Kathy listens to the music she received from her crush, Tommy. When they grow older and move from
Hailsham to live in the cottages, the complexities increase. As the relationship between

The Ethics Of Reproductive Cloning
The surrogate mother will ultimately give birth to an identical twin to the donor of the somatic cell ("The Process of Cloning"). This process allows
people to clone living things of any sort.
With that in mind, questions and awareness of human cloning come into mind. George Annas, a bioethicist at Boston University, states that there is no
point in cloning a whole human. In most countries, there are laws or agreements against artificially creating a genetic duplicate of another person, both
because of ethical concerns and technical difficulties. Cloning a whole human is far from a perfect science, and creating an imperfect clone would
likely mean making a person with potentially devastating genetic abnormalities (Loria). Reproductive cloning

Cloning
Cloning: Ethnics or Life?
Walking into a small hospital room you notice two small boys. As you observe the diagnostic papers on the young boys' bedposts you suddenly
become guilt stricken. The darker haired boy on the right has liver cancer, but thankfully there is hope for this young boy, since he is on a very efficient
liver donor program. In two days, Sam, as we will call him, will be receiving a clean and pure liver that will grant him a life as normal and healthy as
any other young man. On the other hand the boy in the adjacent small, white hospital bed is not so lucky. We'll call this boy William. William is
suffering from a spinal cord injury that occurred in a motor vehicle accident a few days earlier. This injury left ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Cloning of human body parts was the main idea behind this new and controversial subject, but some people still disagree with this growing idea
("Can...").
Even though cloning is not the most common new idea it does pose many good qualities. Human genetics is still a vastly unknown subject for
scientists of the new millennium, but with the legalization of human cloning this unknown science will be greatly explored. To make cloning
accessible the scientist must be absolutely sure that the organ, tissue, or cell that they are cloning is pure, which will introduce new cures and
remedies for disease at the cellular state (Robinson 7). One such example is cancer. Cancer can be found in almost every major organ in the human
body. To date there are over 40 kinds of cancer known to the human body ("Excite..."). No known cure has been found for this slow and painful cause
of death, but cloning is on its way to finding a cure. Scientists believe that a cure for cancer, and many other diseases, will be found once they are able
to examine the human cells more closely during the cloning process (Brush "Ethical...").
Another plus to knowing more about human genetics is to stop such hereditary diseases as downs syndrome or sickle cell anemia. For some people
they wait their whole life to be told that they finally have the symptoms of their family disease, but with more and

Biomedical Ethics: Cloning and Sale of Organs
Biomedical Ethics: Cloning and Sales of Organs To Sell or Not to Sell, that is the Question Table of Contents ITEMPAGE # Introduction3 I. The
Initial Horror3 II. What is Cloning?3 III. Bioethics4 IV. Immanuel Kant5 V. President's Council on Bioethics (2002) 5 VI. Utilitarian Viewpoint7
VII. The Debate on the Sale of Organs 8 VIII. Human Rights12 IX. Justice Approach to Ethics13 X. Distributive Justice Approach to Ethics13
Summary and Conclusion16 Introduction To sell or not to sell, that is the question. There was a story once told about a young man that died from
a heart attack way too soon for most people to even consider death. His young nephew asked the adults when they explained that he had died why
did they not get the man a new heart? It is not so simple, the adults attempted to explain or indeed it is simpler than one might at first believe? This
work intends to conduct an examination of the issue of biomedical ethics as it relates to the cloning and sale of organs. Specifically in regards to the
fairness of who will be in receipt of such organs in terms of socio–economic advantages of receiving or alternatively socio–economic disadvantages in
terms of not receiving the organs. I. The Initial Horror The initial horror one feels when considering cloning and selling organs is natural and an
expected reaction by the human mind which is

Kantian Ethics Of Human Cloning
Phil324 Essay 1
Assume that reproductive human cloning is safe. Would it still be unethical because clones would be nothing more than means to the ends of their
'parents'?
This essay will focus on reproductive human cloning particularly whether or not cloning is unethical as the clone would only be a means to the
parent(s)' end. This is a difficult question to answer as I believe there is a significant lack of critical discussion between this proposed Kantian view
and other moral theories. This Kantian moral view is known as the duty of 'human dignity' and takes on the form of instrumentalism.
I believe the lack of ethical discussion is due to the difficult in stating or finding, concrete and relative, counter–arguments against this theory which
halts any further discussion. Critics of this argument have stated that parents have kids for different instrumental reasons some examples are, to
improve the relationship between the parents.... "children are almost always at least partly a means to their parents' ends" <– prof Julian. This view
that the clone is a means to the parents ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The is/ought "confusion" fallacy being that we've never had human cloning in our history and doesn't matter how much scientific theory has developed
in the field, this is just how we do things. Hasty generalization an example of this could be that the Raelians, who are a whacko religious cult supports
human cloning therefore human cloning must be a bad idea. The fake appeal to authority, O.J Simpson was a huge supporter of human cloning so it
must be morally right. The final fallacy being the appeal to emotion an example is, if you truly care about the unfortunate sterile couples who are
heartbroken because they cannot have a child of their own, then you will support human

The Opposition to Human Cloning: How Morality and Ethics...
The Opposition to Human Cloning: How Morality and Ethics Factor in
If a random individual were asked twenty years ago if he/she believed that science could clone an animal, most would have given a weird look and
responded, "Are you kidding me?" However, that once crazy idea has now become a reality, and with this reality, has come debate after debate about
the ethics and morality of cloning. Yet technology has not stopped with just the cloning of animals, but now many scientists are contemplating and are
trying to find successful ways to clone human individuals. This idea of human cloning has fueled debate not just in the United States, but also with
countries all over the world. I believe that it is not morally and ethically right ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is these errors, mistakes, and the resulting consequence that occurs from cloning animals, which must be understood to realize why it is immoral and
unethical to try to clone humans.
Many Americans do not understand how risky it will be to clone a human, not to mention how hard it is to clone an animal. Many news article and
publications offer this information to the public, because many scientists will not address the media with the real facts. In an article titled, "Creator of
cloned sheep, Dolly, says he wouldn't want to make copies of humans", Dr. Wilmut stresses that only 1–5% of those embryos used in cloning result in
live animals, and survivors are plagued with obesity, kidney problems and other troubles, and even Dolly is suffering from arthritis (1). Most cloned
animals, like cows, pigs, goats, sheep, die during embryonic development, and others are stillborn with monstrous abnormalities. Bloated mothers have
laborious miscarriages, and occasionally die themselves. The clones usually struggle for air in intensive care units, only to have to be euthanized, the
process of ending the life of an individual suffering from a terminal illness or an incurable condition, according to an MSNBC article titled, "Much
confusion over cloning" (1). The risks and uncertainties associated with the current technological state of cloning are the basis for why

Essay about The Ethics of Human Cloning
The Ethics of Human Cloning
In order to make a fully justified decision on whether human cloning is ethical or not,
one must be exposed to the background of the subject. To start, a clone is an exact replica of
an organism, cell, or gene. The process itself is done asexually with the use of a cell from the
original human. It is then placed inside a female capable of bearing a child and is then born
as a clone. Along with this comes questions of whether or not it is right to clone a human
being based on different facts and opinions of small groups or communities(Dudley 11).
The technology of cloning is not quite developed enough for a doctor to be certain that
an experiment will be successful. In ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In this way, the parents would have the chance to love the clone just as much as
the original child.
On the other hand, those against cloning would say that it is wrong for a doctor to harm
a clone. If this were allowed, eventually we would compromise the individual. Clones would
become second–class citizens. Cloning strips humanity from natural reproduction by leaving a

clone with only one parent. In addition, there would be a decline in genetic diversity. In
other words, if some day we all have the same genetic makeup and lose the technology of
cloning, we would have to resort back to natural reproduction. This would cause problems
because it has the same effect as inbreeding.
In the same way, clones would feel like they had lost their individuality. For example,
their genetic makeup would be known.
Also, there could be negative psychological effects that will impact the family and
society. For instance, if a clone finds out that s/he has no biological father it may suppress the
clone's feeling of equality among other naturally born people. Also, there is a chance that the
mother or the clone may become sterile. Among all of these there are too many risks for the
bearing mothers and embryos. Eventually, it would turn into a routine to destroy human
embryos in the process of cloning("The Ethics of Cloning").

Ethics Of Cloning Research Paper
Mankind is powerful; perhaps more knowledgeable and omnipotent than any other creature on Earth. Cloning demonstrates a fine example of how
mankind is disregarding all barriers of science. Cloning, as defined by "Human Cloning–Ethical Issues" is "the creation of a creature using genetic
material of another creature". It comes with numerous benefits; consequently, with severe consequences. The practice of cloning defies the natural
processes surrounding the inception of life, pushes the boundaries of science, and demonstrates mankind's pursuit of genetic, and perhaps even societal,
perfection.
To begin with, the history of cloning starts back long before Dolly the Sheep and before the
21st century (Denault). Ever since mankind's humble beginnings, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Some even imagine making clones of geniuses, whose work could advance society" ("Why Clone?").The emotional issues the clones might face
should also be considered. Clones would find themselves less of individuality and more of a reproduction of the deceased or living person, finding
them less unique (Newton). Human cloning, some scientists say, would "reduce the overall value of human life" ("Pros and Cons"). The outcome of
being powerful and knowing no boundaries comes with a price.
The debate on cloning continues to rage. Both sides of the controversy are heavily weighted and show the "hypermagical ultraomnipotence" of
man[un]kind. Not only would cloning "reduce the overall value of human life" ("Pros and Cons"), but it might, perhaps, also reduce the importance
of human life. Undoubtedly, accidents, crimes, and suicides might increase as people would not care about their lives as much. People wouldn't fear
nor, perhaps, even respect death. Bringing back the dead would only require money. However, either way, cloning is an example of how man[un]kind
finds no limits and how, beyond doubt, it is as powerful to play

The Ethics Of Therapeutic Cloning
Cloning:
A population of identical units, cells, or individuals that derive from the same ancestral line is know as Clone. Therapeutic cloning involves creating
a cloned embryo for the sole purpose of producing embryonic stem cells with the same DNA as the donor cell. These stem cells can be used in
experiments aimed at understanding disease and developing new treatments for disease. As I was going over the reading I found out that the matter of
cloning from the different prospect of human has been the subject of considerable public attention and sharp moral debate. It also raises new questions
about the manipulation of some human beings for the benefit of others, the freedom and value of biomedical inquiry, our obligation to heal the sick, ...
Organ transplant procedures should be moral correct in certain situation. I think it is totally depends on what organ needs for a patients. In our body
some organ have one spare and some can be grow up more if we cut it partially and transplant to someone. However in terms of transplanting organ
such as heart and lung brain is very complex process because a doctor has to kill one healthy person to save a life of sick patients. Which is not
justifiable, it is unethical and morally wrong. However I would say it is ok to transplant organs like kidneys that have one extra on all human body
and it will not function unless the active stop functioning. And donor will not have any health problem as long as he/she takes care of them–self. For
example, I have gone through this kidneys transplant process just two years ago for my dad in back home. Even though it was not legal to do I
bought a kidney with a person who was having very heavy financial difficulties to run his family and he was willing to sale his one kidney. Since
then my dad does not even look like a kidney failure and donor him self look even healthier because now here care more about himself than before.
To conclude, I am so grateful that we live in this modern world that the development of technology have incredible impact in our life. What if there
was not possibility of human organ transplant? The person who have not been thorough this process may have different views and that can be also
fine, so please feel free to comment here whether you agree or

The Ethics Of Cloning-To-Produce-Children
Human cloning would allow families or society to reproduce individuals of great genius, talent, or beauty, where these traits are presumed to be based
on the individuals' desirable or superior genetic makeups. For example, some admirers of great athletes, musicians, or mathematicians, believing that
the admired attributes are the result of a superior genetic endowment, might want to clone these distinguished individuals. Just as the cloning of cattle is
being promoted as a means of perpetuating champion milk– or meat–producing cows, so cloning–to–produce–children has been touted as a means of
perpetuating certain "superior" human exemplars.
It is not only a matter of prudence. Cloning–to–produce–children would also be an injustice to the cloned ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Cloning and Stem Cells Home Page addresses the ethics and morality of cloning humans and animals and is the best and most extensive Web site
exploring cloning from a religious perspective.
Mammalian cloning, through this nuclear transfer process, has resulted in the birth of hundreds of organisms to date. However, significantly more
nuclear transfer generated embryos fail during pregnancy than would fail in sexual reproduction, and a substantial majority of cloned animals who
have survived to birth have had some significant birth

Human cloning has always been an issue of controversy, both religiously and ethically. Should a person be cloned for the sake of experimentation?
Should a species be cloned in order to reproduce organs? Intense questions have been asked since the discovery of cloning, however the most
controversial question is: is cloning right? The cloning of any species, whether human or not, is ethically and morally wrong.
The process of cloning inevitably involves throwing away fertilized embryos. At the current stage of development, many of the embryos selected to
live fail to develop and eventually die before birth. In order to produce Dolly, a single live cloned sheep, scientists had to create over two hundred
sheep embryos; all but one died or were thrown away. This is just as, if not more, unethical as abortion. Abortion kills embryos, but human cloning
creates embryos knowing that most of them will be killed.
At the present time, cloning is experimental and unpredictable; it is not safe to use cloning techniques on human beings. These cloning experiments are
unethical – they can do harm. Cloning may have bad results for the embryo and carries a high risk of abnormality in the child. Cloned animals show a
high rate of abnormality or disability per live birth. It can put both the cell donor and the birth mother at risk. In one United States study using cows,
four out of twelve surrogate mothers died from pregnancy complications. Cloning has a high failure rate; the technique that

Ethics Of Cloning Essay
Clones have been in history books for ages and they were always questioned, they have been though up of for many different reasons. These reasons
are from making an amusement park to helping with medical issues. The problem lie with should it be done for any reason some people would say
there is no problem and should continue while others think that there is a problem and should be ceased. Scientists have endeavored to figure cloning
out, all for a good cause although ethically it should be stopped for a multitude reasons. It could diminish the value of people and other living creatures
that have survived the mundane way, it also costs more than it should for the physical amount that emerges from it, additionally the fact that it could
threaten the lives of an abundance of humans and other animals.
Cloning is one of those things that the public probably doesn't think has been around for that long of a time. It has been around for more than a
hundred years, the first recorded experiment ever done was in 1885 by a man called Hans Adolf Edward Dreisch. He split a sea urchin cell in half at
an early stage and they started to grow into two different creatures, although this is more considered making twins. The next experiment that is similar
to this one is the one done by Hans Spemann in 1901 and he did the same thing with salamanders. Although many more experiments happened in the
1900s, a major breakthrough would have to be Dolly, she was the first mammal to be cloned and be

Ethics Of Cloning Research Paper
Cloning: Ethical or Unethical?
Imagine this. You are walking down the halls of the school. You keep your head down as people walk by. You slowly go into your first class. The
teacher comes around and checks your homework. You don't have it, you haven't done it in months. As you walk out of class you think about
death. You have cancer and the doctors say it is beyond help. So you are just waiting to die. You know it will be any day now. As you walk down
the hallways you see him. He is the most popular, athletic, and smartest kid in school. You see him surrounded by all of his friends. His friends don't
know, but you know. He is a clone, your clone. Your parents are waiting for you to die too. In fact it's almost like you already did. Your parents... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Think back when you first learned not to touch a stove when it is still on. Even though your parents tell you not to touch it and says what will
happen, you do it anyway. When you touch it, you scream out in pain. Your parents come and help you and ice the wound. You knew what was
going to happen but you had to try it anyway. Which is exactly like "The Economist" says in the article "Reproductive Cloning Is Immoral". He says
"Although mammals have been cloned successfully, the process is still mysterious and riddled with problems. Attempts to clone humans would
certainly involve stillbirths and sudden deaths." The scientists know that cloning will cause deaths but they still want to try it anyway. Just like a
child touching a stove, the scientists know little about cloning and the process is still mysterious. People are saying what will happen but the
scientists want to try, no matter the consequences. By cloning, it will also mean bringing in identical genes which will weaken our power to adapt to
different circumstances, which could put us at a threat of getting a serious disease (Rawat). Through the ages, humans have adapted to survive in
different circumstances but by cloning we will no longer have that ability and if we don't we will not be able to survive different diseases. Cloning is
not as simple as it sounds. It takes several clones to be produced until one

The Ethics Of Cloning Extinct Animals
In 1996, science made a breakthrough that changed the idea of cloning. The lamb Dolly was the first successfully cloned mammal. After this people
began to think that scientists would try cloning humans. The technology and the funds are not there for those advances. Also, in some countries it is
not legal to do so. The next step was to clone extinct animals. This is also known as "de–extinction." When evaluating the dilemmas that can come with
cloning extinct animals, the person must look at the purpose of the animal and what it could do today for us, the reason as to why it had became
extinct and how to prevent that again, and lastly the concept that if "we had the animals, and we put them back, and the world wasn't ready."
After Dolly's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are many animals that have went extinct due to humans in some way, shape, or form. If it is due to our overpopulation and moving into new
areas taking over other habitats, which could also be deforestation or if it is due to poaching. For example, the West African Black Rhino was
officially announced as extinct as of last year, 2016. Others like the passenger pigeon, Chinese river dolphin, wooly mammoth, and Tasmanian tiger
are on the list of interest to begin working with their DNA. Scientist would like to bring species back like these and do not plan to waste any time on
others like the T–rex who has been gone for about 65 million years. First, the T–rex is not needed in our present ecosystem. Secondly, we do not have a
living species that could lay an egg at that size. Their plan is to not recreated "Jurassic Park," the movie but to revive the species we have harm to
possibly help the environment. Many of the species that have already become extinct have made impacts on our living species to the point that they are
declining. The ecosystems have changed and our existing species are struggling to evolve. The wooly mammoth was a major contributor to their
ecosystem in the Arctic. When mammoths no longer existed, the area went from grasslands to the cold tundra it is today. The limitations with this
would be funding and would they

Pros And Cons Of Ethics Of Cloning
Human Cloning: An issue of Ethics vs. Medical/Technological Advances Human cloning offers medical benefits, as well as other possible
technological advances in many areas of science, however, the ethical issues are far greater than these benefits. I fully support cloning in any other
aspect other than human cloning. The idea of cloning of a human, taking the DNA of one person and placing it into an egg whose nucleus has been
removed then stimulating it to act like it has been fertilized, I do not feel to be unethical. I am not someone who feels that human cloning is playing
God. If I was, would I then feel that artificial insemination or invitro fertilization is playing God? My position is that the results and consequences of
researching cloning, perfecting cloning, and the inappropriate, inevitable situations for which human cloning will be used are not only unethical, but
also atrocious. I am aware of and understand the medical benefits that may result from human cloning. These benefits being a surplus of donor organs
without fear of rejection, and the further study of the human genome, possibly leading to the elimination of hereditary and genetic diseases and
deformities. Though I may not realize all of the possible technological advances this research could lead to, I do realize that these advances may very
well increase the quality, and longevity of life. Furthermore, these advances may even be ethical processes. However, the processes that

The Cloning Of The Human Genome And With No Standard Line...
The issue at hand is that scientists are in a period of enlightenment with the human genome and with no standard line of ethics pertaining to editing
human embryos in research development other countries are taking liberty to beat around the bush to explore this concept of eugenics. After the
cloning of dolly the goat and China cloning two monkeys without a genetic blood disease through a process called CISPR society are asking the
same question. Are scientists taking this too far before it is ready? Anyone who plans on reproducing or has genetic diseases in their family may want
to consider a side in this debate because they may find themselves with the option of "editing" their baby with the ideal gene pool. This issue is
prevalent because the entire world is tempering with human genes and is working towards introducing a whole new set of humans by this technology.
Gene manipulation is an important topic because of the ethical and spiritual beliefs that it challenge. Changing genetic material to where there is no
disease would affect the entire next population of humans and their future children. While scientists now know how to change our physical traits and
handicaps they cannot take out traits like ambitiousness which is what makes manipulating the human genome so dangerous. The risks is that this chase
for curing disease could turn into a quest for the ideal human where in the future parents can grocery shop their child or countries can create the
ultimate human race.

Human cloning: what are the ethics, applications and...
Mankind has always tried to extend his knowledge about the properties of every living thing; it is an integral part of human nature. What is also
important about it is that there is constant disagreement in new views between scientists and society. One such problem is the question of human
cloning. Firstly, the term "cloning" must be defined: "Cloning is the production of an exact genetic duplicate of a living organism or cell" (Baird
2002, 20). This procedure not only led to producing a sheep, Dolly, but it can also have other very useful applications. Using different methods of
cloning is expected to change radically the process of organ transplantation and it is a way of finding appropriate treatments of diseases. As a result of
this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The poster Cloning or asexual reproduction (Baird 2002, 20) is a visual demonstration of the reproductive cloning procedure: the nucleus of a cell
from body tissue (muscle, hair, skin) is substituted for the original nucleus and "that results in a clonal zygote". The next step is to obtain a clonal
embryo in special conditions that will be placed into a woman's womb and will grow into a human baby (Baird 2002, 20). In theory this method is
quite easy to implement, however, it has not found a wide acceptance among people. The following United Nations' resolution also rejects it: "Recalling
the Universal Declaration on The Human Genome and Human Rights, adopted by the General Conference of the United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization on 11 November 1997, and in particular article 11 thereof, which states that practices, which are contrary to human
dignity, such as reproductive cloning of human beings, shall not be permitted" (2005 ). The theme of reproductive cloning is rather multifaceted:
though it is banned all over the world, scientists are still thinking whether it is "ethically justifiable" (Strong 2005, 46). Considered objections on human
reproductive cloning can be divided into three categories, which are submitted below.
The first category consists of problems towards child's attitude to self–determination. Cloned offspring will be expected to

Human Cloning Ethics
Philosophy Paper
Date: 10/13/2017
Kant and Kass Tackle the Cloning Dilemma Although there are some important benefits to the use of human cloning, there are also moral challenges as
well. The benefits include eradicating defective genes and infertility and a quicker recovery from traumatic injuries among other advantages. However,
the disadvantages are truly thought provoking as first an individual must answer the question, "When does a human life begin?" This paper will oppose
the use of human cloning on the basis that life begins at conception and therefore the use of human embryos should be restricted or forbidden. For
many years, the use of human cloning has been debated. The same is true about the question of when a human life ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Kant's work centered on moral acts and the philosophy surrounding them, or ethics. He developed the categorical imperative, a moral law based on
rationality. In order to be a moral individual, Kant believed humans must follow this law implicitly. Kant's first formulation of the categorical
imperative stated, "Act only according to that maxim whereby you can, at the same time, will that it should become a universal law." The first
formulation of the categorical imperative states strongly that you should do no harm to anything or anyone and that you should always do the right or
ethical thing. This is the only way to be a moral person. To be moral and respect of all living beings, a person must take into consideration the good of
others each time they make a decision. This includes those yet unborn. In order to clone a human, an embryo must be manipulated and may die during
the process. The issue here is when does human life begin? Some religious institutions state that life begins at conception. Some scientists suggest that
life begins when the embryo becomes a fetus, which takes place around 8 weeks.
To understand the controversy surrounding human cloning and when human life starts, one must know the stages of pregnancy. The definition of
conception is the point where the sperm fertilizes the ovum. Within 12 hours, the pronuclei, or the small packages of DNA from both the male and
female intermingle and a

The Ethics Of Cloning And Religion
cloning like any other medical experiment (johansen, 2001) . Second, cloning eliminates the need of reproduction, because from 1 individual you can
have 100 copy that looks the same. No one will be unique anymore. Cloning is creating a body that does not contain a soul, it is creating just a zombie
(Is human cloning wrong?, 2016). Third, psychology and physical harms to the person cloned will be present. This harm comes from the fact that the
parents will treat the child as they have a second chance of him (Bhargava, 2010). In addition, cloning has many disadvantages on society and religion.
Cloning is not acceptable in our religion and it is against the ethics that we were raised on, because scientists are taking GOD's role

The Ethics of Cloning Essay example
The Ethics of Cloning
On February 27, 1997, it was reported that scientists produced the first clone of an adult sheep, attracting international attention and raising questions
on the morality of cloning. Within days, the public had called for ethics inquires and new laws banning cloning. Issues are now raised over the
potentially destructive side of this scientific frontier. Many people are morally opposed to the possible consequences of women being able to give birth
to themselves, or scientists seeking to clone "genetically superior" humans. Others argue that the positive effects of cloning will outweigh the negative.
The issue over whether cloning humans is ethical is receiving more and more attention as scientists successfully ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Kant's ideas of autonomy can then also be used against cloning. In the specific arguments given on both sides of the issue that follow, both of these
moral philosophies are apparent.
In understanding why some chose to reject or accept the practice of cloning, basic knowledge how cloning is achieved becomes helpful. Some reject
cloning because they believe humans are "playing God", others claim that scientists do not "create life" by cloning any more than they would in the
practice of in vitro fertilization. According to the American Heritage College Dictionary, cloning is "to reproduce or propagate asexually". This is
obviously not the traditional form of human reproduction. There are three basic methods of cloning: separating the embryo and making twins with the
same genetic make–up, taking a cell from a fertilized ovum when the cell begins to split and replace it in another female's ovum, or nuclear
transplantation (Travis). The famous cloning of an adult ewe, who's offspring was named Dolly, was accomplished through the second method by Dr.
Ian Wilmut and his colleagues at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland (World Book). Dolly was "born" by taking genetic material from cells in
the mammary glands of a 6 year–old ewe and putting the acquired cells into an unfertilized ovum. Out of 277 tries, researchers eventually produced
only 29 embryos that survived longer than 6 days, of these 29, all died before

Ethics Of Cloning
The advancements in science and technology have created a reality where cloning and reanimation are possible, unfortunately, this has created an
undesired lifestyle that not everyone would be happy living. We emotionally and physically harm those that have lives that are dedicated for science.
The system has now abused the power and transformed people and other living organisms. Just like any other great power, an even greater
responsibility follows. The recreation of living organisms has only been an idea to many for thousands of years and now that science has proven it
possible to some degree, scientists are realizing the negative impacts of cloning and reviving the dead. The big question people are now asking
themselves is is this ethical? ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This will most likely mean that new laws and regulations will have to created to comfort the worrisome minds of those affected. Society alone will
be prejudice and low down on those that are created for the benefit of the 'normals.' It would become very easy for one person to seem unwanted or
uncared for when they are treated different than a different group of people. For example, if a baby was born for the reason of spare organs, there
must be some rights the child is entitled to. At the end of the day, both the clone and original human–being are both human. Both people are living,
breathing, organisms. Being unfair to a cloned organism for the benefits of others is inhumane and unscrupulous. This very well said quote explains
how discrimination and judgement will affect the livelihood of a cloned citizen anywhere around the world, "A clone should not be a second–class
citizen. It is speculated that they would be considered as such" (Farnsworth). This is incredibly important to note because with the possibilities science
has showed us, it is beginning to spark debate on whether this entire process will create more problems that it solves. Throughout history people have
always found walls to separate people whether it be race, ethnicity, political ideology, whatever it may be,

The Ethics Of Cloning Essay
"We are only at the Wright brothers stage of development with respect to cloning" (Yount 110). The power of cloning can be harnessed and used in
many different ways; the use of cloning is a new frontier for this time period, just like the power of flight was to the time period of the Wright
brothers. The first major cloning breakthrough was made by Dr. Ian Wilmut, a 52 year old embryologist of Scotland, who announced on February 22nd,
1997, that he had successfully cloned a sheep named Dolly (Yount 11). This discovery was broadcasted throughout the entire world, and many different
opinions were projected scrutinizing the morality and ethics of his work. The first cloning technique was performed using the nuclear transfer
technique, also called ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"It's only to my advantage to try this, and I feel good most of the time now." –Jackie Hartsweigen of Richmond, Wa (King 1). Jackie Hartsweigen was
the first patient to undergo the new cloning treatment to battle her melanoma. Therapeutic cloning places the genetic material from an adult cell inside
an egg in order to grow beneficial cells (Kevles 1). These beneficial cells are implanted into patients and they fight their diseases. Scientists in the field
of engineering apply principles of cell transplantation (Koh 1). Replacement cells– neurons, blood cells, pancreatic cells, etc.– generated from cloned
stem cells will reduce the risk of immune rejection (Kevles 2). The lower risk of immune rejection greatly increases the patient's chance of full
recovery. Scientists have begun to explore the possibilities of combining nuclear transfer with gene therapy (Carrol 1). Therapeutic cloning offers a
potentially limitless source of cells for tissue engineering applications (Koh 2). This is because the tissue needed is supplied from the patient's own
body. Unlike stem cell research, which kills embryos in order to heal a patient. This new gene therapy is completely harmless to the

Stem Cell Research : Ethics, Cloning And Curing The Disease
Lexie Kosanovic Honors English 3
13 Apr. 2016 Research Paper Outline
Stem Cell Research – Ethics, Cloning and Curing the Disease
Introduction
According to former Speaker of the House, John Boehner, "Stem cell research must be carried out in an ethical manner in a way that respects the
sanctity of human life."
In recent events, stem cell research has caught the attention of the nation and stirred up controversy about the research and ethics along with it.
Ethically, stem cell research has caught more attention than the research behind it.
Stem cell research is medically stable, but not ethically supportive to conservative groups, furthermore, stem cell research should continue to receive
federal dollars for research, use research to seek out cures for potentially fatal diseases, and therapeutic cloning research should be studied in order to
find cures for diseases.
Cloning
Cloning research is a concept misunderstood to the general public.
As defined by Hug and Heremeren, both stem cell experts of the European Union's Horizon, "Therapeutic cloning is a term used to describe the
creation of stem cells for use in a medical treatment for a particular individual."
The ethical controversy mainly revolves around the idea of human embryos being taken through the stem cell research
The process for therapeutic cloning is described by Hug and Hermeren as an adult animal cell being transferred into an egg with no nucleus. This
embryo can grow and eventually be

How Does Kass Argue The Ethics Of Human Cloning

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