The document discusses adverbs and their functions. It defines an adverb as a word that modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverb. It provides examples of adverbs describing verbs like "he runs quickly" and adjectives like "the very pretty girl." The document also discusses identifying adverbs based on their "-ly" endings and their use in answering questions about manner, time, place, degree, and frequency. It provides examples of different types of adverb functions and common errors involving adverbs and adjectives.

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Vocabulary: Personality Traits
trait = personal characteristic or quality

3. Astrological Zodiac Signs Chinese Horoscope

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6. careful
adventurous

8. ambitious
optimistic

10. He is optimistic. (adj)
He is an optimist. (n)

12. curious
stubborn

14. easygoing
outgoing

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17. Grammar: Adverbs (부사)
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18. What is an adverb?
An adverb (부사) is a word that modifies – or describes –
a verb, an adjective or another adverb.
* A verb (동사)is an action word (jump, run, swim, ski, talk)
* An adjective (형용사) is a descriptive word that describes
a noun (pretty, happy, silly, sunny)
* A noun (명사) is a person, place or thing (boy, flower, book)
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19. It is easy to see how adverbs describe, verbs since they simply
explain most about the action. For example:
* He runs quickly.
* She walks slowly.
* He chatters happily.
Adverbs can also modify adjectives or other adverbs. They provide
more information about that other descriptive word. For example:
* The very pretty girl sat down. In this sentence, pretty is an
adjective describing the noun girl. Very is an adverb describing
the adjective pretty.
* He runs very quickly. In this sentence, quickly is an adverb
describing the word runs. Very is another adverb, this time
describing the word quickly.

20. Identifying an Adverb
An adverb describes a verb, adjective or another adverb.
A lot of adverbs - not all, but a lot - end in “ly.” For example, happily,
quickly, speedily, foolishly, and angrily are all adverbs. (p. 152)
So, if you said:
* He runs happily .
Happily is an adverb because it is describing the word runs and
because it ends in ly.
Many frequency words are adverbs as well. For example, very, much,
more and many can all be adverbs.
The very pretty girl was in the car.
The much smarter boy won the race.

21. Common Errors with Adverbs and Adjectives
People often mistakenly use adjectives when they should use an adverb
and vice versa. For example, a sentence that reads:
* He behaved very bad on the field trip. (X)
It is incorrect, because bad is modifying or describing behaved,
which is a verb. It should read:
* He behaved very badly. (O)
On the other hand, if you said:
* His behavior is bad. (O)
That would be correct, because in this case, the word bad is an
adjective describing the noun behavior.

22. Functions of Adverbs
Adverbs can be sorted into the kinds of questions they answer.
* Adverbs of manner answer the question, “How?”
She watched the children carefully.
* Adverbs of time answer the question, “When?”
I always arrive early for my appointment.
* Adverbs of place answer “Where?”
Why don’t you play outside?
* Adverbs of degree answer “How much?”
After the trip, I was totally exhausted.
* Adverbs of frequency would answer the question “How often?”
We watch movies occasionally.

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25. 1. I move in the morning.
2. I’m serious about my studies.
3. I choose my words.
4. I arrive at important meetings.
5. My friends are important to me.
6. I work in large groups.
7. I’m optimistic about the future.
8. It’s easy for me to share my feelings.
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26. 1. I move in the morning.
2. I’m serious about my studies.
3. I choose my words.
4. I arrive at important meetings.
5. My friends are important to me.
6. I work in large groups.
7. I’m optimistic about the future.
8. It’s easy for me to share my feelings.
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27. 1. I move slowly in the morning.
2. I’m really serious about my studies.
3. I choose my words carefully.
4. I arrive early at important meetings.
5. My friends are extremely important to me.
6. I work well in large groups.
7. I’m very optimistic about the future.
8. It’s fairly easy for me to share my feelings.
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In my opinion… Don’t you agree?

31. Is it sometimes OK to lie?