1. CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY 1
Group members: Chee Wei Shan 0319572
Elliot Pang Tiu Seng 0319438
Jackson Ting Shii Hang 0324326
Hiew Li Ming 0319941
Hong Kai Yin 0323361
Lee Ern Hui 0319703
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INTRODUCTION
TASK
For this assignment, we need to choose a building in Klang Valley area to
use as the object of study. We are required to illustrate the type of building
with plan/ sketches/ photo/diagrams. Moreover, we also need to identify
and explain the type of roof, type of windows and doors and also type of
stairs of the building with photos. Last but not least, we need to include the
compare and contrast with one other types and provide recommendations
of an alternative to replace the existing the type of roof, window and door
and also staircase. Therefore, we had choose The Gardens Mall as our
topic of this assignment.
ABOUT
Kuala Lumpur is the capital of Malaysia which is also known as the
shopping paradise. There are numerous of shopping malls which also
includes Mid valley Megamall and The Gardens. The Gardens Mall is
located at the heart of Mid valley City and is neighbouring with Mid valley
Megamall. It is a 6-level shopping mall linked to Mid Valley through a bridge
which has more than 200 top fashion brands outlets of such as Louis
Vuitton, Calvin Klein, Hermès and Burberry reside. It also provides wide
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array of top international cuisine, latest in technology and home furnishings
and many more.
The Gardens Mall is also home to two popular departmental stores;
Robinsons from Singapore and Isetan of http://www.thegardensmall.com.my/home/ -
13949350 Japan. You can find a huge Cold Storage Supermarket at lower
ground floor of The Gardens. Moreover, You can also head to The Gardens
Theatre for more entertainment. GSC Signature can probably be
considered as the most luxurious cinema in Malaysia. Gold class can
provide you a big high quality recliner for you to enjoy the movie. If you
head to the 4th Floor, you can seek for comfort and a dedicated area
complete with spas, wellness clinics as well as a fitness centre.
Besides, for heaven of food, there are quite a lot of restaurants. The nice
ones includes Sushi Zanmai which is a Japanese cuisine, Flying Chillies
which is Thailand cuisine and also Fong Lye that is Taiwan cuisine.
Furthermore, there is also an organic shop called The Life, one of the first
in Malaysia. The Gardens Club brings value added shopping experiences
with exclusive privileges and warm hospitality, as well as two dedicated
lounges speciallyfor its members.
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Lower Ground
This floor has a huge Cold Storage Supermarket and mostly consists of
eatery, restaurants and café.
Ground
Most of the office and hotel owned by The Gardens is situated at this floor.
This floor also provides top fashion brands shops like Louis Vuitton, Calvin
Klein and Prada.
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1st
Floor
There are other fashion brands located at this floor such as Banana
Republic and Levi’s. Two of the departmental stores are also situated here.
2nd
Floor
This floor is a location where you can find clothes for infant and kids. It is
also suitable for families as it has shops that sell furniture.
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3rd
Floor
Borders is a huge bookstore which provides a wide variety of reading
material located at this level. This level also provides shops of sportwears
with differentbrands.
4th
Floor
The luxurious cinema which is known as GSC Signature is situated at this
floor where it provides you comfortable atmosphere for you to enjoy movie.
You can also find for more entertainment like karaoke outlet at this area.
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5th
Floor
This is the level where the second floor of GSC Signature is located. For
beauty purpose,it also consists of Le Sense of Slimming Sanctuary.
6th
Floor
The highest floor which mostly consists of wine bars and combination of
restaurant and bar such as Ichiban The Izakaya. It also consists of a gallery
which encourage Malaysian culture called Wei-Ling Contemporary.
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Fire Doors
A doorwhich located on escape routes leading to a final exit that is quick
and easy to openwithout the need for a key. An emergencyexit is an exit
designed for emergenciessuch as fire. The combined use of regular and
specialexits allows for faster evacuation, while it also provides an
alternative and easily catches attention of victims if the route to the regular
exit is blocked by any obstructions in case of fire.
The fire doors being used in The Garden is mostly wooden flush fire door
with window -- Timber Railed Door. This kind of door provides a high fire
resistance which able to withstand under high temperature of fire A Fire
doors have to remain closed all the time and only been opened when the
fire alarm is activated.
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Door Specifications
Factors
Type
of Door
Fire Resistance
Strength to
Block /
Trap the Fire
Material of
Door
Security
Emergency /
Fire door(Internal)
*Fire door with
window
HIGH fire resistance
- Used to against /
trap the fire from
separating from one
area to the another
- Creating more time
for people to escape
from the building
GOOD in fire
blocking
-The
requirement of
the door must
can able to
withstand
against the fire
at least
30minutes
when closed
Wooden
- A Fire doors have
to remain closed all
times
-Only open until a
fire alarm is set off
Emergency /
Fire door(Internal)
*Fire exit with
window
LOW fire resistance
and DON'T need to
have
- Allow a rapid and
un-obstructed escape
through the door
- It should be light to
be as easy to open in
case of fire situation
- Easily to open
BAD in fire
blocking
-Just a simple
access to be
able people
pass through go
to outside
Wooden
Fire exits must
NEVER be
obstructed
- Will be open once
the emergency
occur
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Factors
Type
of door
Lifespan
Strength of
the door
Material of
door Security
*Toilet door
Short
Low
-Just used as
a partition
door
Wooden
Simple lock is
installed for those
who is using
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Comparisonof Fire Doors
The fire doors which are made by timber are very common and
widely used in our country because it is economy and easy to obtain
without extra works needed.
Instead of choosing the wooden Door, I recommend the sliding metal
door for the fire emergency.
This is because the level of fire resistance of metal door is obviously
higher than wooden door. The time used for timber door to withstand fire
would be shorter than metal door. Metal door is high thermal insulator
which can overcome higher temperature of fire when compare to wooden
doors.
Other than that, lifespan of metal doors are longer than a wooden
door because timber does decay and affect its quality as well as its function
but metal doors are more easier to take care than wooden doors because
metal is a strong material itself.
Cost of wooden door is cheaper than metal door. It is cheap and an
economy choice to save cost but also need to meet the requirements of a
fire door and exit before install. Metal door is expensive. It more depends
on first time investment which has a better length of life as stated above.
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Security standard of wooden door of course is weaker than metal
door. This is because wooden door usually just locked up by a lock which
can easily forced open by thieves or just apply some strike to open up the
door and metal doordoesn'thave this kind of problems.
The advantages of wooden timber door is cheap because timber is a
cheap materials compare to the others and it is easily to be found since it is
a commonly used material and it does not rust easily compare to others
metal based materials.
But there are disadvantages too, such as it is easily rot or decay
which old timber has lower strength. Besides, it has low moisture
resistance, when timber meets moisture will soften the timber and affect the
surface of the timber then it will easily broken.
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Recommendationsof Fire EmergencyDoors
AND TO
FIGURE 4: FIRE DOOR AND EXIT FIGURE 6 :METAL SLIDING FIRE DOOR
P.S. :Metal sliding fire door been recommended to be choosed because
every factors of metal slidng fire door is better than a wooden door only the
first-time-investment cost is greater than wooden door which should be
considered before install.
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Comparisonof ToiletDoors
Timber is chosen as the material of the toilet door. It is because
timber easy to obtain in the market and cheap in price. Besides, timber is a
very common material to be used in building structures around us
nowadays.
Lifespan of wooden toilet door is lower than plastic door. It is because
wood is made by timber which is not a very strong material compare to the
metal-based materials.
Overall Cost of plastic sliding door for toilet is lower than wooden
door because plastic is much more easier to apply. Furthermore, timber is
more expensive compare to plastic because timber had to go through more
processes in order to produce wooden door but plastic just done in factory-
condition which processis much simple and easy.
Strength of both materials are nearly the same and they are weak
because the door is just use as a partition so manufacturer does not need
to consider more and put more efforton toilet door.
Maintenance fee of wooden door is higher than plastic sliding door. It
is because once the wooden door is broken; it should be replaced by a
whole new door which is the only way to repair a broken wooden door. But,
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some specific plastic sliding door can replace the broken slide instead of
replace a new one. So, it is more economythan a wooden door.
Recommendationsfor ToiletDoors
TO
Figure 7: Wooden toilet door Figure 8: Plastic toilet door
P.S.: Plastic toilet door been recommended because it's cheaper which can save better
cost in installing than wooden toilet door and both of them having the similar
characteristics AND both of them meet the basic needs and requirements of the usage
of a toilet door as well.
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Main Entrance Door (MirrorSliding Door)
Nowadays, most of the shopping mall in South-East-Asia (SEA) is
using sliding door for their shopping mall. It is because it has the best
transparency to look through the activities on-going in the building. Besides,
it allows the sunlight goes into the building which can light up the whole
building. People will like to go into a mall which is bright.
Strength of the mirror is literally strong because the mirror-sliding
door is using a thick mirror to avoid broken in case of impaction or collision
occurred. Moreover, some mirror door have bulletproof more depends of
client needs.
Security level of this kind of door is quite satisfied because it doesn't
require complicated ways to protect boundary behind the door but just
simply close the door and shut it down instead of buying locks or all kind of
that locking system. It is easy to obtain of mirror sliding door because most
of the shopping malls around the world are using this kind of door for main
entrance of the building.
There are a lot of advantages when we are using the mirror sliding
door. For example, it is easy to clean. The stuff will only need to apply
cleansing on the surface and wash or wipe it through. Besides, when there
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is promoting events, we can put the banners or goods wanted to promote
on the mirror. People does not need to crowded outside the door again, it is
because there is a big space to allow people going into the place at once.
After the advantages of the door, here comes to do disadvantages,
the cost of the installation is high and it requires skilled labors to install.
Since this is an electric door, when the power is cut it will stop working.
Figure 9: Main entrance of The Garden
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Comparisonbetween Timber and MirrorDoors
Obviously mirror door is good but people always want to be the best
of the best and use the best things. So, I suggest there will be an
alternative to be considered which are timber doors for main entrance.
Timber door using at the main entrance are rare to be seen in our country
which Western-Countryare widely used.
Costs of the materials of timber doors are usually cheaper than mirror
doors from the market. Both of the material is easy to obtain from the
market but if compare of the price and timber door is better to be
considered whichis more economyand also suitable to be used.
Maintenance fee of the timber door is also cheaper than mirror door.
Mirror door is an expensive material but timber is cheaper. In case of
broken, timber door's expenses for repairing of the door will be cheaper
than mirror door.
The first come of mind of the advantages of timber door must be
cheap and economy in overall cost such as installation fee and
maintenance fee. Besides, it does not rust if compare to others metal
based materials.
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But it is difficult to repair. Basically, people replace instead of repair a
wooden door. The lifespan of the door is short as the material itself is weak
and it absorbs moisture which is affecting the quality and broken the wood.
Recommendationsfor Main EntranceDoor
TO AND
Figure 9: Main entrance Figure 10: Exampleof Main entrance in
Of The Garden wood/timber door of Bass Pros
P.S.: Timber/ Wood dooris recommendedbecause it a new and creative
idea to be considered which rarely to know by the people in our country
and may catch their attention to go into the building.
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Sides Door
A door is a moving structure which is used to block off, and allow
access to an entrance to or within an enclosed space, such as a building or
vehicle. Typically doors have an interior side that faces the inside of a
space and an exterior side that faces the outside of that space. While in
some cases the interior side of a door may match its exterior side. Doors
normally consist of a panel that swings on hinges or that slides or spins
inside of a space.
The Garden Mall Kuala Lumpur is an upscale shopping complex that
has all your shopping bases covered. The door that used in this luxurious
shopping mall is Frameless glass door to match their design. Frameless
glass doors are most popular to decorate as the entrance because of its
aesthetic appeal as well as because it allows for an easy flow from indoor
to outdoor living. The most important thing about frameless glass doors is
that there are many benefits to suing this option when deciding on the
designof your home/ shopping mall.
The Major advantages of a frameless glass doors is that it is totally
retractable which allows for indoors living to become outdoors living. It
opens inwards as well as instantly add value to your property. The durable
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of the tempered glass material is high. No matter how many times
accidentally bump or knock your frameless glass shower door, it should
hold up with ease.
The Disadvantages of frameless glass door is the cost is expensive
compare than other material of door. The complex installation cost is higher
because the installation of frameless doors and screens is a bit more
complicated but still possible forDIY enthusiasts.
Sides Door
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Storage Door
Storage is the act of putting something that is not being used in a place
where it is available, where it can be kept safely. The storage need a
partition door to partial between in and out, make sure no one can entry the
storage. The lifespan of a storage is short because it is just a partition of
spaces in a storage. These door just use a simple lock to lock the storage
room avoid stealing.
The advantages of a wooden storage door is timber is cheap other to
other material, it does not rust easily, material can easily to be found. The
disadvantages it easily corrosive when time goes on, easy to broken when
It touch water everyday, it is hard to repair compare to other material.
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Comparisons ofSides door
The Frameless glass door is commonly used in shopping mall
because it increases the value to your property.
Instead of choosing the frameless glass door, I recommend change to
wooden door for the sides door. This is because wooden door cost is low
compare to frameless glass door. It material is easily to be found
(commonly material to be used). It easy to work because timber is versatile
and be used in a wide variety of ways. Being light, it is easy to install and
can be worked with simple equipment. This reduces the energy needed for
construction. Timber is a natural insulator and can reduce energy needs
especiallywhen it is used in windows, doors,and floors.
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Comparisons ofstorage door
The wooden storage door is commonly used because it is the cheapest
material among all.
Instead of choosing wooden door, we recommend change to metal
door. Metal doors may not be the first thing you think of when looking for
doors for you commercial establishment, but they are some of the more
versatile door options. Metal doors usually installed in a store or shopping
mall. This is because metal door durability is better than wooden, it will not
easily broken. On the other hand, metal door easily dented and the
conducts temperature can be cold or hot to the touch. In a nutshell, metal is
the best material for a storage door.
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Staircase:
A staircase is one or more flights of stairs leading from one floorto another;
typically inside the building is termed as stairs.
Parts of Stairs:
1) Step:
Portion of stair which permits ascent & descent.
2) Tread:
Upper horizontal portion of step which feetis placed.
3) Riser:
Vertical portion between each tread.
4) Handrail:
Designed to be grasped by the hand to provide stability.
5) Baluster:
Vertical memberof wood or metal supporting the handrail.
6) Newel Post:
Vertical memberwhich is placed at ends of flights to connect
handrails.
7) Stingers
Sloping wooden members which support the steps in a stair.
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Typesof stairs
1) StraightStairs
Despite its simplicity, it is convenient and functional which makes it easier
to go up and down. Unfortunately, this type of stairs is limited in heights.
The amount of treads in one straight flight shall not exceed 16.
2) Quarter LandingStairs
Quarter Landing Stairs includes a variety of straight stairs and also a
landing. The landing changes a direction of the flight by 90 degrees.
Staircases of this type are more convenient and safer than straight
staircases. Due to the presence of the landing, the flight is divided into two,
thereby reducing quantity of trends in one flight.
3) Half Landing Stairs
Half Landing Stairs also have a landing same as Quarter Landing Stairs,
but here it changes a direction of the flight by 180 degrees. This type of
staircases are very convenient, functional and safe.
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Straight Stairs Quarter Landing Stairs Half Landing Stairs
In the Gardens Mall, we rarely found staircases in the mall. Most of
the connections used to reach the other level are escalators. Fortunately,
we are able to find 2 type of staircases in the mall, that is concrete
staircases with porcelain tiles and concrete staircases with granite tiles.
The concrete staircases with porcelain tiles are found at the emergency exit
areas, whereas the concrete staircases with granite tiles are found at GSC
Signature. The type of staircases at the emergency exit areas are half
landing staircases whereas the staircases at GSC Signature are straight
staircases.
In our opinion and based on what we learnt during Construction
Technology classes, the reason why the contractor chose concrete
staircases with porcelain tiles at the emergency exit areas is because
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reinforced concrete is fire resistant. In case of fire emergency, the
reinforced concrete takes a longer time to burn down. Therefore, it is more
safety. It is built in half landing type because it is more functional and safe.
Concrete staircases with granite tiles are used at GSC Signature because it
has a good appearance. It is built in straight staircases type because it is
only used to connectone level only.
The photos below are the photos we took during our visit to the mall.
Concrete staircases with Concrete Staircases with
Porcelain Tiles Granite Tiles
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Below is the process showing how a simple concrete staircases
were built. There are total of 7 major steps.
Concrete Staircases
How to build a simple concrete staircase?
1) Calculate the stairs’ dimensions. The dimensions include riser,
vertical face and tread.
2) Determine the Dimensions of the staircase’s foundation.
3) Build the formwork for the staircases. The formwork can be made
from plywood.
4) Mix the concrete for the staircases. The concrete can be mixed by
hand or a portable cementmixer.
5) Pour the mixed concrete into the formwork.
6) Add the finishing touches for the staircases.
7) Wait for the concrete to cure.
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Now, we are going to compare and contrast between the two types of
staircases,that are straight stairs and half landing stairs.
Also, the tiles used on the two stairs will also be compared.
Advantages
Straight Staircase Half Landing Stairs
Simplicity
When planned properlyand
built using attractive
materials, a straight
staircase can be simple but
quite elegant.
Lesserspace
Staircases with landings are
perfectwhen there is less
space.
Uninterrupted View
A persontravelling up or
down the stairs has a clear
view of the entire flight.
Safer
The flights of stairs-with-
landings are shorter and so
a fall down the staircase will
be less serious.
Safety
Because a straight staircase
offers a clear view of the
stairs, there is a lower
chance of falls or misplaced
steps.
More comfortable
These staircases suit elderly
people because they can
take short rests at the
landings if needed.
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Disadvantages
Straight Staircase Half Landing Stairs
No VisualBarrier
Because there is no visual barrier
between the two floors connected
by a straight staircase, there is often
a lack of privacy.
Stair lift
Installation of a stair lift is not as
easy as in a straight staircase.
Falls can be serious
A straight staircase often consists of
more stairs and is taller than a
staircase with platforms in between.
As a result, a fall from the top of the
stairs can be quite severe and could
result in serious injuries. Also,the
lack of a landing can be problematic
for older people who have to climb
all the stairs at once.
Costly
Stairs with landings require more
designing and cost more than a
straight staircase.
Require More Space
Straight staircases require more
space as compared to curved or
platform staircases.As a result, this
is not an option in buildings with
scarce space.
Time Consuming
Requires more time to construct
than straight stairs
Ease of Construction
A straight staircase is easy
to plan for and construct.
Decoration
The landing in these type of
stairs can be utilized for
keeping decorative items.
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Type of finishing Granite tiles Porcelain Tiles
Raw Material Granite is a hard and
tough stone that comes
from ingenious rocks. It
is more dense and
have compressive
strength.
Porcelain tiles are
ceramic tiles
commonlyused to
cover floors and
walls.
Maintenance Granite is very easy to
maintain and can be
re-polished if you need
to bring the shine
back .It is not porous
so it does not absorb
stains in normal home
or commercialusages.
Porcelain tiles are
very easy to maintain.
It can be cleaned with
a clean damp mop.
Porcelain tiles have
the same colour
throughout the body
of the tile, making it
less likely to show
scratches.
Advantages 1. Hard and durable
2. Easy to maintain
3. Allergen-resistant
4. Heat resistant
5. Scratch resistant
1. Stain-resistant
2. Cheaper
3. Variety choices
of colour and
sizes
4. Easy to install
Disadvantages 1. Costly
2. Limited in colors
3. It should be
cleaned on a
regular basis.
4. Must be installed
by professionals.
5. Very heavy
compared to
other materials
1.Fragile
2.Prone to cracks
3. Difficultto repair.
4.Grout lines can
discolour.
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For the concrete staircases with graphite tiles, we suggest to change it
into carpet. The reasons are stated below:
1. ProvidesWarmth and Comfort
Carpet provides actual thermal resistance. In colder climates or seasons, it
retains warm air longer. Carpet also provides a comfortable place to sit,
play or work and gives a room an overall warmer feeling.
2. Adds Beauty and Style
Thousands of carpet styles and colors can be chose. That means your
ultimate choice will reflect how you want to personalize your living space.
Carpet can be a neutral foundation, or it can be a focal point with vibrant
colors and stronger bolderpatterns and textures.
3. ImprovesIndoor Air Quality
Carpet actually acts as a passive air filter, trapping dust, pollen and other
particles and removing them from the breathing zone. Studies have shown
that people with asthma and allergy problems have seen symptoms
improve with carpet.
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4. Softens Slips and Falls
Carpet is ideal for cushioning our footsteps, reducing slips and falls and
minimizing injuries when falls do occur. Carpet provides safety protection
for the whole family, but especially for toddlers and olderindividuals.
5. Reduces Noise
Carpet helps absorb sounds. Adding a cushion pad beneath the carpet
reduces noise even further. Carpet also works as a sound barrier between
floors by helping to block sound transmission to floors below. Carpet on
stairs can also help mask the sound of constant foottraffic.
For the concrete staircases with porcelain tiles, we recommend to
change it into Tread Alert tile. Tread Alert tile is a rubber tile with raised ribs
that acts as a tactile warning surface. It is used to recognize a change in
level. Tread Alert has been designed to meet the criteria for tactile surfaces.
When used correctly, Tread Alert helps to ensure the provision of
an inclusive environment. Also, it can ensure the safety of the staircases
users. Tread Alert can be used at the approach (top and bottom) to
a flight of internal stairs and installed according to the ‘Guidance on the use
of tactile paving surfaces’. Therefore, with the use of Tread Alert tile on
staircases,accident can be reduced to the minimum.
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Below are the photos showing carpet and Tread Alert Tiles.
Tread Alert Tile Carpet Tile
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Roof
Roof is the structure forming the upper covering of a building.
Parts of Roof:
1. Dormer:
A structure around a window that projects from a sloped roof.
2. Roof Truss:
The skeleton of the roof.
3. Rafters:
The beams that run from the top of the roof to the bottom.
4. Decking/Sheathing:
Panels that coverthe rafters
5. Underlayment:
It is placed on top of the decking before the roofing material is
installed to offeran additional layer of protectionfrom moisture.
6. Drip Edge:
Edging that is placed at the end of the roof to allow water to run-off.
7. Fascia:
Trim that used to cover the rafter end of the eaves.
8. Soffit:
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Covers the area between the end of the eaves and the house.
9. Ridge:
The highest point of the roof.
Types of roof:
1) Dome Roof:
A dome is an architectural element that resembles the hollow upper half
of a sphere. A masonry dome produces thrusts down and upward, which
are thought in two kinds of forces at right angles from one another.
Meridional forces ( like the lines of longitude on globe) are compressive
only, while hoop forces ( like the lines of latitude on globe) are in
compression at top and tension at the base. Dome roof are stable during
construction as each level is made a complete and self-supporting ring. In
early days, timber and brick are used to build dome roof. Nowadays, after a
better understanding of forces within structures, iron and steel beams, steel
cables and pre-stressed concrete are the most common building materials
used to construct a dome roof.
The photo below is the dome roof we have taken in the Gardens Mall.
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Dome Roof
Besides dome roof, we also noticed that flat roof is also used to cover
the top of the building. Although the photo we taken in the Gardens Mall
does not clearly show that it is a flat roof structure, we have search through
the internet to find out the outside view of the Gardens mall. Through this
view, it clearly shows that it is a flat roof.
A flat roof is a roof which is almost level in contrast to the many types of
sloped roofs. It is the most cost-efficient roof shape as all room space can
be used fully. Any sheet of material used to cover a flat roof is usually
known as a membrane. Membrane is used to waterproof the roof area and
allow the water to run off from a slight inclination into a gutter system.
Having a protected membrane roof is important to reduce maintenance
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cost. A protected membrane roof is a roof where thermal insulation or
another material is located above the waterproofing membrane. Green
roofs are a type of protected membrane roof. Roof coatings are also a way
to maintain roofs. It can be used to fix leaks and extend the life of the roof
by preventing degradation by the sun. The roof of the mall is larger than
housing roof. Therefore, by using flat roof, lesser material is needed and
becomes cheaper.
The photos below are the flat roof we have taken from inside the mall
and also the outside view of the mall we have searched from the internet.
Flat roof taken from
inside the mall
Outside view of the mall
searched from the internet
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After knowing the types of roofs, we are going to contrast and compare
between the two types of roofs,which are dome roof and flat roof.
Advantages
Dome Roof Flat Roof
Strong and Durable
It is weather resistant. For
example, the Newgrange crypt in
Ireland has lasted for over 5000
years.
Easier to climb up for
maintenancepurposes
Offers more stability and
horizontal surfaces
Good appearance
The curved shape of the dome
makes a attractive appearance.
Cheaper
Less materials and labor work is
needed
Cheaper
Reinforced concrete domes are
energy efficient, quick
construction and the materials
are readily available.
Providesmore spaces
Can be used as a living space or
install solar panels and generates
free electricity on top of the roof.
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Disadvantages
Dome Roof Flat Roof
Unusable space
The half sphere shape causes a
lack of usable space.
Shortlifespan
Maintenance must carry out at
maximum 20 years.
Costly
The cost of installation is high
due to the shape of the roof.
Poor drainage system
Because of its flat surface,
ponding of water may appears.
Hard to carryout maintenance
Maintenance work is hard to carry
out on the half sphere shaped
roof.
Lack of roofing materialoption
There is a limited amount of
materials to be chosento build
flat roof.
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For the roof type of The Garden Mall, we suggest to change it into
pitched roof. The reasons are stated below:
1. More efficient in water evacuation
Since Malaysia is a raining season country that are much affected by the rain,
pitched roof is the most common roof that has been used. However, pitched roof
requires a correct way to remove the water from the roof. If not it will still remain
in some areas of the roof.
2. Lifespan
Pitched roof offer a longer lifespan than flat roof. Besides, materials of pitched
roof that is used to built are more durable and weather resistant. So, the building
will not suffer from the extreme weather and temperature.
3. Loft space
Pitched roof provide extra useable space in the loft area. It can be a
storage room or playroom for children. In the process of designing the roof,
any planned usage of this area can be incorporated into the plans so this
type of roof offers anunmatched flexibility that a flat roof cannot.
Conclusion
44. Page 44
In conclusion, we had compared and contrasted the type of the doors,
staircase and roof that is existed in the mall. We also recommended a lot of
different types of doors, staircase and roof to provide a better environment
that is safety first and people can be more comfortable. Different type of
doors and different type of materials of door is suitable for different places,
such as fire doors need to be metal it is because timber door is easier to be
broken down by fire however metal is a stronger material if compare to
timber.
Besides, we recommended the concrete staircase cover with graphite tiles
would be better. It provides a better looking and warmth. Moreover, it can
be reduce noises too. Last but not least, we are now come to the roof, we
preferred pitched roof, it is because the water evacuation is better than the
roof that existing in The Garden Mall. Pitched roof also provides extra
spaces forstorage.
From this assignment, we had learnt that before a building is built, there are
a lot of things that need to be considered, so that it can provide a better
environment for the people.
References
