True or false1 Anabolism results in increased production of biomas.pdf

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True or false 1 Anabolism results in increased production of biomass. 2 Oxygenic phototrophs can use hydrogen sulfide as an electron donor. 3 Oxidation is the process of accepting electrons. 4 Water appeared on the earth as a result of bombardment by asteroids. 5 The highest abundance of microbial life in soils appears in the O horizon. 6 Typically, increased oxygenic photosynthetic activity results in a decrease in pH values during the day and an increase in pH values at night. 7 Freshwater represents about 10% of the total water on Earth. 8 Oligotrophic organisms thrive in low nutrient conditions. 9 Establishment of a proton motive force (PMF) is required to generate ATP via substrate level phosphorylation. 10 Siderphores are used to increase availability of manganese in aerobic environments. Solution 1. Anabolism: The process of formation of biomolecules during metabolism such as proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and nucleic acids etc is known as anabolism, this results in an increase in the production of biomass. Therefore, option is: True 2.Oxygenic phototrophs use oxygen as electron donar, while as anoxygenic phototrophs uses hydrogen sulfide as electron donor. Therefore, option is: False 3. Oxidation is a process in which a substance looses one or more electrons, while as reduction is a process of accepting electrons. Therefore, option is: False 4. The earth got most of the water about 4.6 billion years ago from the asteroid impacts. Therefore, option is: True.

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Which of the following are true when comparing TCP/IP to the OSI Reference Model? (Choose two.) A. The TCP/IP model has seven layers, while the OSI model has only four layers. B. The TCP/IP model has four layers, while the OSI model has seven layers. C. The TCP/IP Application layer maps to the Application, Session, and Presentation layers of the OSI Reference Model. D. The TCP/IP Application layer is virtually identical to the OSI Application layer. Solution B and C are correct. The TCP/IP model has four layers. The Application layer maps to the top three layers of the OSI Reference Model. A and D are incorrect. A and D are incorrect because they are contrary to B and C..

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What is the reason for having most of the blood volume distributed within the venous vessels at any given time? Solution The thin, non-elastic wall of veins (as compared to the thick, elastic, muscular walls of arteries) allows greater volumes of blood to be accommodated within the lumen of the veins. This accounts for most of the blood volume distributed within the venous vessels at any given time..

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What is eutectic reaction? What is eutectoid reaction? What is perifectic reaction? Are these transformations reversible? in the following phase diagrams (figure QB) these points from points A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, and write down the reactions at these points. For example point A is perifectic reaction at this point can be written as Lipid and delta-iron transform to gamma-iron during cooling. Solution Eutectic reaction: A eutectic reaction is a reaction when one a liquid cools down into a mixture of two solids. Elements have different miscibility at different temperatures. So, when a liquid containing two elements soluble in one another cools down to a level where the solutbility is limited, then the excess element is sandwiched between the zones containing the mixture. This reaction is Eutectic reaction. In the Iron-Carbide diagram above, it is represented by the point D. Eutectoid reaction: A eutectoid reaction is a reaction where one solid divides into a mixture of two solids. It has the same concept as eutectic reaction but here, instead of a liquid splitting up into two solids, a solid breaks down into two solids. For example, B is an eutectoid reaction Peritectic reaction: A peritectic reaction is where the mixture of a solid and liquid combines into a single solid. Here, the miscibility is low when there is a phase-equilibrium between the liquid and the solid but as the temperature decreases, the solubility increases. Hence, it is completely miscible in the solid. For example, A shows the peritectic reaction happening. Yes, since all the solutions are in a state of pahse equilibrium, they can be interchanged and the reaction can go either ways. It is completely reversible..

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What are Sociocultural issues when it come to body image? Solution Answer: Sociocultural issues such as dissatisfaction in women and men each they are obese due to eating disorders & media aspects and cultural aspects often have meticulous influence on individual body image finally may lead to “development of depressive disorders”. Therefore, unrealistic images from media & family pressure and society pressure do generate consciousness on physical beauty via body image. Therefore, “perfect bodies” often maintained by various people via performing gymnastics, swimming etc. Individual mental health in association with sociocultural factors such as westernization hypothesis & abnormal eating attitudes can exert influence on inappropriate body image.

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The diploid number of the hypothetical animal Geneticus introductus is 2n= 44. Each diploid nucleus contains 5 ng of DNA in G1. Part A : What amount of DNA is contained in each nucleus at the end of S phase? What amount of DNA is contained in each nucleus at the end of phase? a)There are 22 chromosomes containing 2.5 ng of DNA. b)There are 44 chromosomes containing 5 ng of DNA. c)There are 44 chromosomes containing 10 ng of DNA. d)None of the above. Part B: Write the number of chromosomes and amount of DNA (ng) present per cell at the end of Telophase I of meiosis (after cytokinesis). Express your answer as two numbers separated by a comma (example: 12, 4). Part C: Write the number of chromosomes and amount of DNA (ng) present per cell at the end of Anaphase of mitosis. Part D: Write the number of chromosomes and amount of DNA (ng) present per cell at the end of Telophase II of meiosis (after cytokinesis). Solution The cell cycle of actively dividing eukaryotic cell consists of gap phases (G 1 and G2), S phase and M phase. In G 1 phase the cell prepares for cell division .In S phase DNA replication occurs and the DNA content doubles. In G 2 phase, the cell gets ready for mitosis. In mitosis, two daughter cells with same genetic content as parent are produced. Mitosis occurs through five stages: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Prophase: This stage extends over half of mitosis. The nuclear membrane disintegrates. The centrosome of chromosome duplicates to form two daughter centrosomes and migrates to opposite poles of the cell. The centrosomes organise the production of microtubules, from which the spindle fibres arise. The chromosomes condense and consist of two identical chromatids (or sister chromatids) held together at the centromere. Prometaphase: The chromosomes, move to the middle of the cell. The spindle fibres bind to centromere of each chromosome at kinetochore. Metaphase: The chromosomes align along the metaphase plate of the spindle apparatus. Anaphase: This is the shortest stage of mitosis. The centromeres divide, and the sister chromatids of each chromosome are separated and move to the opposite poles of the cell. The separated sister chromatids ordaughter chromosomesreceives a copy of each parental chromosome. Telophase: This is the final stage of mitosis. The nuclear membrane reforms, the chromosomes uncoil, and the spindle fibres disappear. Cytokinesis: the membrane appears to divide the two daughter cells with same chromosome number and the DNA content as the parent cell. The cell then enters interphase - the interval between mitotic divisions. Meiosis is the cell division occuring in sex cells or gametes (which contain a single copy of each chromosome). The process involves one DNA replication followed by two successive nuclear and cellular divisions (Meiosis I and Meiosis II). Similar to mitosis, meiosis is preceded by a process of DNA replication that converts each chromosome into two sister chrom.

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Question 12 (5 points) The reason that mitosis can result in the production of haploid gametes in alternation of generations is because Question 12 options: The sporophyte and gametophyte are both haploid Eggs and sperm are produced directly by the diploid sporophyte via meiosis Eggs and sperm are produced by the diploid gametophyte via mitosis Eggs and sperm are produced by the haploid gametophyte via mitosis Save Question 13 (5 points) In the fern life cycle, how does fertilization occur? Question 13 options: The sporangia on the undersides of the leaves produce gametes, which are flung our of the leaf and find each other on the ground to fuse The sporophyte produces sperm and eggs in gametangia. The sperm reach the eggs by swimming through water The gametophyte produces sperm and eggs in gametangia (antheridia and archegonia). The sperm reach the eggs by swimming through water There is no sexual reproduction in ferns Save Question 14 (5 points) The earliest land plants were most likely to have lived in which of the following habitats? Question 14 options: arid desert environments Salt water marshes Tropical rainforests fresh water wetlands Save The sporophyte and gametophyte are both haploid Eggs and sperm are produced directly by the diploid sporophyte via meiosis Eggs and sperm are produced by the diploid gametophyte via mitosis Eggs and sperm are produced by the haploid gametophyte via mitosis Solution Q12 Eggs and sperms are produced by haploid gametophyte by mitosis. The large, leafy fern is the diploid organism. On the undersurface of its fronds or leaves, its cells undergo meiosis to create haploid cells. However, these cells do not immediately unite with others to recreate the diploid state. Instead, they are shed as spores and germinate into small haploid organisms. Because the diploid organism creates spores, it is called the sporophyte generation of the life cycle. Upon reaching maturity, the haploid organism creates haploid egg and sperm cells (gametes) by mitosis . Because the haploid organism creates gametes , it is called the gametophyte generation of the life cycle. The male gametes (sperm) are then released and swim to the female egg. Fusion of the gametes creates the new diploid sporophyte, completing the life cycle. Q13 The gametophyte produces sperm and eggs in gametangia (antheridia and archegonia). The sperm reach the eggs by swimming through water The male organs or antheridia produce and shed numerous motile sperm or antherozoids. These antherozoids are armed with hair-like or whip-like cilia or flagellae and are able to swim through water; they do not travel great distances and are only released when free water is available. Only a continuous film of water is needed. They antherozoids are chemically attracted to the developing flask-like female organs or archegonia where fertilization of the single egg cell embedded in each archegonium takes place. The sporophyte has a double set of chromosomes (i.e. diploid) and i.

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