Educational Technology

1. The Pictorial Media
The EducationalTechnology

2. Flat Pictures
(Still Pictures)
•These are the representations of objects or things on a
flat surface. They are the cheapest and the most readily
available of all learning materials. Many of them are free.
Teachers and students can gather pictures from
magazines, newspapers, advertisements, pamphlet,
posters, circulars an other things. But like all other
learning materials, their values vary and their selection
and use should be given careful considerations.

3. Guides to teaching with Pictures
•Pictures must be clearly seen by everyone.
•Students must be given a chance to point out what
they think are the important aspect of the picture.
•The teacher must supplement the student’s
comments to make sure that nothing has been
omitted .
•Teacher and students should discuss together
what they find in the picture.

4. Guides to teaching with Pictures
•The picture used in class should lead to the accumulation
of related pictures in the textbook.
•If the picture used in class stirs the pupils to attempt at
illustrating their own, it is good evidence that a sound use
has been made of them
•Pictures ought to supply incentives for the use of auxiliary
aids, like motion pictures. Filmstrips and others.
•Pictures ought to promote supplementary readings.

5. Reading Pictures
We read pictures in the same way that we read
a page of words. We derive the message from
the medium by attaching meaning to it.

6. The 4 levels of Reading Pictures
•1. Enumerative level – this level merely calls for the
giving of what one sees on the pictures e.g. flower,
ball, dog, etc.
•2. Descriptive level – giving a sentence on what is
seen or how one sees in the picture looks like e.g. I
see a big yellow flower.The ball is color red.

7. The 4 levels of Reading Pictures
•3. Interpretative level – giving more meaningful sentences
which are of the inference type. e.g. The yellow flower is the
favorite of the girl. Father gives the color red ball on the
boy’s birthday.
•4. Integrative level – this is relating what one sees in the
picture to life. Mother bought plastic sunflower from the
superstore. It decorates our living room. Or I play ball with
my friends on Sundays.

8. Reading Pictures
•Reading pictures can be most rewarding if the students
are given guides as to what to see and how to see things
the picture. They must be guided to interpret and to
draw inference about what they see. Pictures must not
be merely displayed; their should be talked about. That is
why it is necessary that the teacher should choose those
which are related and relevant to encourage thoughtful
seeing and discourse.

9. Photographs
• Are also still pictures, which can be mounted or unmounted,
photographic reproductions taken from a magazines
newspaper or books. They appear in black and white or in full
color. They can be filed by subjects or displayed in the
bulletin board. In the choice of photographs, teacher should
choose those that suggest motion or the candid shots, as
they are more interesting and life-like. Shotgun pictures do
not pose so much challenge and interest; hence discussion
about them is limited.

10. Illustrations
•Are non – photographic reconstruction of representation
of reality, etched or drawn by an illustrator, the teacher or
the students learners themselves. Illustration shows that
direction at which movement must take its course or
instruction on how to go about assembling a tool in
science or a material of equipment.

11. Illustrations
•This can be used for specific situations. Illustrations can be
black and white or in full color, they can be prepare ahead
of time or the teacher can draw them on the chalkboard
while the class is going on. Like the photographs they can
bee use by individual students or for a group of learners.

12. Purposes for which flat pictures, photographs
and illustration can be used for teaching
1.To concretize words and symbols.
When teacher s talks about a haunted house students will
not be able to imagine what kind of house is it, how does it looks
like, but if a picture is being shown, the learners will have a specific
visualization of the kind of haunted house the teacher is talking
about. Students will then have uniform information about the topic
discussed.

13. Purposes for which flat pictures, photographs
and illustration can be used for teaching
2.To lend meaning to what one reads.
In a science class students read about single – celled
organism like the amoeba or the paramecium. An enlarge picture
of both when seen by the students will enrich what they read. Like
wise if reading about atoms and molecules. Seeing an illustration
about them will enrich their understanding of what they are.

14. Purposes for which flat pictures, photographs
and illustration can be used for teaching
3.To introduce or motivate.
In a literature class, where students are required to
read the Ilocano epic, Biag ni Lam- Ang, pictures of some
episodes from the epic may arouse the curiosity and
interest to read it. The pictorial background can serve to
orient the class to the kind of literary piece they are going
to read.

15. Purposes for which flat pictures, photographs
and illustration can be used for teaching
4.To correct misconceptions.
Pictures and photographs can make meanings more
vivid and clearer, because they can capture scenes, emotions
and details which words are not able to describe. Concepts
are non-pictorial, but they can help in developing and
presenting them. Liberty is a concept, which is non-pictorial,
but pictures showing the effects and signs of liberty can help
one to better understand it.