Digital Fabrications Architectural And Material Techniques

Digital Fabrications Architectural And Material Techniques
ARC 5205 Advanced Theory
STUDENT NAME: Nathalie Restrepo
BOOK TITLE: Digital Fabrications Architectural and Material Techniques by Lisa Iwamoto
Theory Professor Neil Leach
DATE: 10/06/16
PAGES READ: 34–59, 88–105 Digital technologies have become a key element in revitalizing
architecture design, as Lisa Iwamoto clearly demonstrates in a wide array of project examples in her
book Digital Fabrications Architectural and Material Techniques. Iwamoto, an Architect and
Structural Engineer, delves into how it is now possible to fluidly transition from computer–based
designs to computer–controlled machinery to manifest custom building components. The chapters
on Tessellation and Contouring are an attempt to demonstrate how CAD/CAM facilitate the work
flow from the 3d modeling and creation of projects with added complexity, especially those that
incorporate complex double–curved geometries.
Before the work presented in this book can be discussed further, it is important to have background
information on the two techniques and main modes of 3d modeling that will be referred to
throughout the essay. Tessellation and contouring are not novel techniques; they've been around for
hundreds of years but their implementation in design was previously limited due to the fact that
tessellated and contoured projects were hand crafted, labor intensive, and time consuming.
Tessellation (occasionally referred to as tiling) is defined as "a collection of pieces that fit together
without gaps to
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Use Of Commercial Mav Systems For Military Survey
USE OF COMMERCIAL MAV SYSTEMS FOR MILITARY SURVEY INTRO 1. MAV Sys is the
short form for Miniature Air Veh Sys. These are small sized UAV Sys. It is a complete sys consisting
of the veh, payload and Gnd Cont Stn (GCS). 2. MAV Sys can be used in Mil Sys to increase the
efficiency, widen the scope to include 3D svy and also to reduce svy time. 3. Research is on in
various nations to use such sys for Mil Svy. AIM 4. The aim of this paper is to study various parts of
MAV Sys, their probable applications in mil svy and to recommend them for use in mil svy PARTS
OF A MAV SYS 5. A MAV sys consists of an Aerial Veh, Payload and the Grnd Cont Stn (GCS) (a)
Aerial Veh: The aerial veh maybe in various shapes and based on different physics of aerodynamics.
It may be a copter, a plane, a rocket or an air ship. It further consists of the following parts: (i) Air
Frame: By definition, the frame must be smaller as compared to a full sized UAV of similar
capabilities. There is no exact limit in size given by any body, however as per SAE
INTERNATIONAL, an MAV is a veh that is approximately a sixth in volume of a UAV with
comparable capabilities. (ii) Propulsion Sys: The Propulsion may be provided by either an electric,
gas, diesel or a jet engine powered sys. The electric propulsion sys is tends to be smaller and of
lesser weight as compared to gas powered sys. However, gas engines yield very high endurance due
to high energy density of hydrocarbons, roughly ten times more than

3D Animation In Animation
3D animation is a virtual animation technique consisting of an animation in a digital world. 3D
animations are sophisticated creative pieces on which depend the mastery of multiple processes. The
illusion is shaped around the creation of a universe and characters both surprising and an almost
palpable reality. Behind the power of computers and software, the formidable human genius made it
possible to reach a dream: to give life to a technological matter rather abstract at the beginning, and
to set up stories without limitations for the imagination. That's why restricting the world of 3D to a
simplistic view would be an error. The advancement of digital image technologies has
revolutionized the entertainment and its sectors. Animation, video games, cinema, advertising... the
3D images invade our visual daily. For a few years now, the production of animated films has ...
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3D models are genereally sculpted by an engineer or an artist with 3D modeling tools and digital
models from actual objects. Models can also be produced by physical simulation. Basically, a 3D
model is formed of points called vertices that define the shape and shape of polygons. A polygon is a
space formed by three vertices or more (a triangle). A polygon of n points is a n–gon. > Layout and
animation – placing and moving objects in a scene: Before rendering an image, objects must be
arranged in a scene. This defines the spatial relationships between objects and location and size.
Animation is the description of an object related to time (in other terms, how it behaves in space
over time). Popular surveys include key framing, reverse kinematics, and motion capture. These
techniques are often used in combination. As with animation, specific physical simulation also

Golden Age Of Animation
Animation plays an enormous role in the entertainment industry today. The Global Animation and
Gaming Market is estimated to be worth $242.92 billion (as of 2016), and animated films are the
most profitable of any film genre. This industry has widespread influence amongst all age groups,
and the films produced can span any genre. The industry has seen major changes with the recent
advances in computer–generated animation techniques. To fully understand animation, it's important
to see where it began. What is considered animation? That question is more loaded than many
believe, as the definition of animation is still debated today. This allows for some controversy as to
what is the first ever animation. Some believe that the cave painting ... Show more content on
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During this time, many classic characters emerged, including Bugs Bunny, Mickey Mouse,
Superman, and countless others. Disney released many feature length films during this time,
including Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Fantasia, and Dumbo. Warner Bros cartoons was
founded in 1933, notably allowing their animators more freedom to develop different styles than
other studios at the time. As disney started to make the shift into primarily focusing on feature
length films, Warner Bros continued to focus on making shorts, such as the successful Looney Tunes
series. The Golden Age started to rely more on voice actors to help bring these characters to life, and
scores played by studio orchestras to complete the story. During this time, colored televisions
became available to more and more Americans changing the ways they can receive their
entertainment. In 1958 the Huckleberry Hound Show was the first half an hour television show to
feature only animation. This eventually led to popular cartoons such as The Flintstones, being
featured on primetime television. The golden age of animation came to an end when televised
cartoons started to gain large viewerships, and animated shorts lost their popularity in

Film Analysis Of A Short Film : Paperman
Animation is so important today as it is the only medium that can bring fantasies to life reasonably
easily while at the same time producing excessive entertainment. Animation all started to take off at
around 1935 – halfway through the great depression, where from there it all expanded greatly.
Paperman is an award–winning Disney 3D animation published in 2013 that is about a man who has
a very ordinary paperwork job and uses paper planes to try to get the attention of a woman he
admired. In the end, he gives up but all the paper planes he made come to life and set up continuous
events that make him come face to face with the woman. This report will critically analyse the
animated short film called Paperman and consider its purpose through describing the techniques
used.
Every film or animation has a target audience yet Paperman is unique and has a target audience of
all ages. This is because it includes no spoken dialogue, it includes unrealistic or fantasy events, it
includes humorous scenes yet at the same time it includes romance – which is suitable for older
people, furthermore it is just an all–round charming animation.
The tone of an animation can have a great effect on the audience and overall feeling of the film.
Walt Disney's Paperman film has a tone of humorous yet romantic at the same time. This is done by
the actions and emotions that the animated characters endorse such as the nervousness shown when
they both meet face to face.
One of the most important

History Alive : Rebuilding Ancient Rome
History Alive: Rebuilding Ancient Rome
Abstract:
In my art history class, we reviewed Rome Reborn, a 3D digital model of illustrating the urban
development of ancient Rome. I thought it could be tied nicely into understanding new media, more
specifically how the use of virtual reconstruction methods and the technologies are culture/historical
conventions. A virtual reconstruction, as a simulation, may be regarded, as accurately representing
the past in the form of imitation and it may also be comprehended as a model constituting a
hyperreality. These two viewpoints are regarded as two ends of a spectrum in which the
comprehension of a simulation sways due to the embedded conventions of realism. While not
arguing a fixed position, subjected to cultural conventions and therefore the understanding of
realism is never fixed, this paper argues that above all a simulation should be comprehended as real
in itself. A simulation will never be able to fully imitate and at the same has real consequences that
do not remain silent in a separate virtual world but concerns the 'real' world in which we actually
live and that the virtual is most definitely a part of.
Introduction
At its height, the Roman Empire stretched the whole of the Mediterranean and encompassed all the
land from the Northern of England to the Euphrates in Syria; and from the flat lands of Europe to
the rich plains of the North African coast and along the Nile in Egypt. At the center of this enormous
ancient

The Importance Of Animated Dental Videos
The Importance of Animated Dental Videos
Right now animated dental videos are what's trending in the web world. The reason is that most
consumers are used to seeing these kinds of videos. Animated videos have an informal and friendly
nature that allows people to let their guards down. This allows you to express your marketing
message without as much resistance. We are seeing 3D animations creep up in popularity in the
marketing of dental products. The tv was one of the first to use animation for commercials for
toothbrushes and toothpaste. Now you can popularly see dental care commercials that show
animated evil plaques being terminated by heroic toothpaste particles.
Another valid point to why our animated dental videos are in high need is because nobody wants to
look in somebody else's mouth. It comes from the eighties where 2D was at its peak than in the
nineties it was replaced with 3D and is here now. Today you would practically be a mediocre dentist
if you can not show your 12–year–old patient a beautiful 3D animation of her braces in your initial
consult. We specialize in making the procedures look pretty and simple. We keep in mind how to
appeal to your future patients and current ones through flattering camera angles, keeping things
moving and up to pace as well as keeping the colors sweet and soft.
Rank Higher with Animated Videos
One of the best ways to get your animated videos we custom make is by using YouTube. Youtube is
claimed by Google and is the biggest

Research Paper On Shrek
Shrek
Computer Graphics have improved tremendously over the last few decades. These improvements
have changed the Video Game industry and the Movie Industry. Today Visual Effect Artist have the
tools to create virtually anything. Although, they have this great softwares that help them
tremendously in their jobs, they are still very artistic, they are also able to perform numerous
calculations to create great graphics. These improvements have made movies feel more realistic.
Shrek is a great example of a movie that makes use of computer graphics extremely well. The movie
Shrek is about a green ogre name Shrek who becomes friend with a talking donkey. In the first
movie produced in 2001 Shrek decides to rescue Princess Fiona from a dragon. One of my favorite
scenes in Shrek is when the Dragon wakes up and starts chasing Shrek, Donkey, and Fiona. ... Show
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That does not stop the dragon and he starts chasing them. The Dragon tries to get them by breathing
fire. The fire comes very close to reaching Shrek and Donkey but they manage to avoid it. Next
Shrek sees Fiona and all of the sudden he starts carrying Fiona in his right arm, and Donkey in his
left arm. After that Shrek is able to run around these large pillars and we can see how the chains are
beginning to overlap. As Shrek, Donkey, and Fiona head to the exit all they have to do is cross the
wooden bridge, however the dragon is right behind them and is still very much chasing them. As
they are crossing the wooden bridge the dragon starts breathing fire again, The Bridge begins to
collapse and Shrek, Fiona and Donkey almost fall with the bridge. However they manage to reach
the other side. The Dragon is unable to continue chasing them because the chains are holding him

Career And College Research Paper
Career and College Research Paper
Our world gets more digital every day. Nearly everyone has a smartphone and a computer. Even
more people have a TV and if people do they are in contact with the digital world everyday.
Multimedia Artists and Animators (MMA) have a big impact on this because they create the illusion
of a realistic image in every digital and sometimes non–digital media project they publish.
MMAs design 2 and 3 dimensional models, animation and visual effects.
These appear in TV, movies and often in video games. They have to be realistic and detailed.
A MMA often keeps working in one medium and stays there for most of his career (Summary.).
I choose this career to write about because I am fascinated about the creativity that is needed and the
fact that the work is seen by a wide range of people.
I also really like that MMAs build the base for all the digital features and movies people get to see
these days. The impact on the modern life is really big.
It is important to understand the education or training requirements, skills or talents needed, salary
and benefits offered,and the duties for a particular career when making this decision.
MMAs often work in offices of magazines, animation studios or movie studios and there they have a
normal schedule from 9 to 5. But when due dates come up the work hours can increase and night or
weekend work can be required (Summary.).
The geographic location depends if the employee is working at home or not. Most offices

3D Animation production workflow
3D Animation production workflow Pre–Plan Project: Before you start your animation 1. Make a
decision of your output format. At the beginning you should choose a format of your animation
playback, as we all know, different formats will have different quality and resolution requirements,
so it is very important to select a suitable format for your animation. Here are some example,
HDTV, DVD, iPhone movies and etc. 2. Plan your submit dates and the cost range. You need to
make a clearly and accurate budget for your animation, and the schedule as well. Usually the
company will spend lots of time on storyboard to make a bid. 3. Gain the story content and scripts
The animation company hope that their work will highly and precise carry ... Show more content on
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That is to make sure they can create a final product which can reach clients business needs. 6. Final
price Within the cost range, clients can choose complex shots for animation and low quality, or high
quality with simple shots. This is because when the storyboard has been confirmed to this project,
the company will give the price about per running minute/ second of the animation. As for the
clients, they can decide what they want in their final products, what is the most important element
for their desire. Project: Modeling and Texturing 7. Modeling in 3D interactive media software
When the storyboard is confirmed, the project will begin to production process. Until now there are
many software of 3d animation and modeling, such as Cinema 4D, Autodesk Maya and 3ds Max,
these are the most famous and useful tools used in visual effects companies around the world. In the
process of production, it will begin to draw or model in 2d or 3d. Some pre–make models can help
to reduce the time and cost of production process. But some need to modification as to meet the
needs of the project. In the end, the models will be confirm and used in the final animations. 8.
Texture and shades The model need materials use in their surface, these material content some
special shinnies, transparency, reflection, texture and colors. A good material will increase the
quality of the model use in final animation. Hence, company will collect this

Cgi Research Paper
From the space ships and lasers in Star Wars, to the toys that star in the movie, Toy Story, from the
video games you play to the latest installment of the Lord of the Rings film series, you have
encountered some form of Computer Generated Imagery, also known as CGI. Although some
graphics may look cheesy and unrealistic still, CGI has truly evolved over time as animators learned
how to create a realistic fantasy and submerge you into the film or game or whatever media you are
observing. CGI is an important factor in the magic of storytelling and bringing a story alive.
Computer Generated Imagery is an important aspect in film, from animation to live action films to
bring the viewer apart of the story. Computer Generated Imagery is the use of computer graphics as
a form of a medium or to create images in various forms of media such as video games, art, films,
TV and simulations. Computer Graphics started as just an idea that was way ahead of its time by
Ivan Sutherland, an American computer scientist. Sutherland showed a demonstration of the power
of computer graphics had for the first time on an interface called Sketchpad. With ... Show more
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In 2004, the film, The Polar Express, cultivated the film industry by being the first computer–
animated 3D film to be done with motion capture. Motion Capture is when the movements of a
person or object is captured and projected through media such as video games, television, film or
even animation. Five years later, Avatar changed the face of CGI by being the first film to use
performance–capture and creating realistic 3D human characters and worlds through photos. CGI
can be used to produce just about almost anything, even the deceased! In the most recent installment
to the Fast and Furious series, Furious 7, motion capture was used for the first time to reincarnate
the late, Paul

Is Academy Voters Are Ignorant About Animation?
For it appears that the Academy has a differing opinion on these animated films. Amid Amidi, brings
attention to how some judges' feel for their nominations, in his article, "Definitive Proof That
Academy Voters Are Ignorant About Animation". One such judge stated how, "I have seen none of
them. I have no interest whatsoever. That ended when I was 6. My son dragged me to a few when he
was 6; I would seat him and go outside and make phone calls." This academy judge apparently
didn't even waste their time with a vote as they abstained in the Best Animated Feature category.
Most of these judges do not understand the amount of time and energy it takes to make an incredible
animation. Half of these judges abstained in this feature, and the rest voted for Frozen, but these
votes was due to the fact that their fellow judges voted for the same.
Another chance for animations to be recognized at the Oscars is in the Best Animated Short Film,
but still the judges hold the same bias for these features. For as another judge stated about the
animated shorts which, "Was kind of an off–year. I wasn't bowled over... I'm a little unclear about
what they did on that one – what was old footage, what was new footage – and I'm a little
apprehensive about rooting for the giant. But I felt like I'd seen most of the others before..." (Amidi).
Disney should not be even considering to do something like this, for the only reason why a studio
would do something like this was during hard times when money

Digital Fabrications Architectural And Material Techniques
ARC 5205 Advanced Theory
Professor Neil Leach
STUDENT NAME: Deborah Wintringer Ariosa
BOOK TITLE: Digital Fabrications Architectural and Material Techniques
DATE: 11/03/2016 PAGES READ: 60–87
The book presents the methods behind digital fabrication in a very clear way, the method this
chapter is focused on is folding. For most people "folding" seems pretty obvious, it is a term often
used in design studios and architectural projects and could be considered a design principle. This
chapter gives us the full range of what folding stands for, how it can be used and shows clear
examples depending in the material employed. The chapter is mostly focused on the material
operation of the folds and only slightly mentions the theoretical concept and formal tactic of folds.
When one adjusts digital designs to work with physical forms a different type of ingenuity is
possible, materials can take shapes and forms never thought conceivable. Folding used in
architecture has helped produce a variety of fascinating work that has indisputably molded
contemporary design. It can turn flat surfaces into a three–dimensional one and create structure with
geometry. Folding materials is therefore effective at numerous scales.
A great advantage of folding is how it creates structural stiffness with geometry. When we add folds
onto a planar material, it gains toughness and rigidity. Strategically placed folds enable the material
to potentially span longer distances, the folds also often turn the

Toy Story : Responsible For Reinventing The Animated Film...
Although traditional animation techniques were a great form of entertainment for many years in the
film industry, digital media took animation films to another level. Toy Story is responsible for
completely reinventing the animated film industry, and it is considered one of the best feature films
ever to be made. The legacy left by the motion picture can be seen in many aspects, from the rapid
transition to CGI animations, from the classical hand–drawn ones, to the complexity of animated
films in general.
The film was produced by Pixar Animation Studios, an American based company, that made CGI
animated films a reality. The studio had a rough start, but slowly, by gathering a talented team of
artists and passionate people, and with the help of Steve Jobs, managed to accomplish what they've
started. Pixar was bought in 2006 by Walt Disney (pixar.com, 2017) which gave the studio the leap
it needed. The studio has produced until now over 18 feature films, such as Toy Story, Finding
Nemo, Cars and Inside Out. The studio also has a few films in production, with release dates as far
as 2021.
The most notable film released by Pixar is of course Toy Story. „Toy Story represents a major
achievement in the field as being the first full–length computer–generated film" (Wells, 2008) when
it launched in 1995. Until this, all the animated films were mainly hand drawn, which had been the
gold–standard in animation for decades. Even though classical animation was thriving, it had its
limitations. One of the biggest drawbacks was the limited movement of the scenes. This was
because every single frame had to be mainly hand drawn (Max, 2016), which is a very meticulous
and time consuming process. The cost of production was another reason to make the switch, digital
animation being way cheaper than traditional animation. When the motion picture was released, the
concept of an animated feature film made entirely on a computer was unheard of. At the time, it was
the most visually impressive film released. Pixar had the advantage of having very talented and
focus people, and also proprietary software like RenderMan, which made all of this possible (Nieva,
2015). The film had beautiful photorealistic 3D animation, realistic shadows

Negatives And Negatives Of 3d Printing
Every few years, a technological device emerges that changes the way we live our lives. From the
typewriter to the laptop computer, technology keeps improving. We are able to type documents,
erase as we choose and print as many copies as we like using a printer. Life was made easier for us.
Another device is about to change our lives– 3D printing. The traditional way we print today is 2D
printing. We print on paper. The data we print cannot be touched physically. If we print a picture of a
shoe on a paper, we cannot hold that shoe physically in our hands. That is about to change with 3D
printing. This new technology will allow us to print almost anything we choose and we will be able
to feel that object.
Today we use forging, molding and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The virtual design can be made in a specific software such as a 3D modelling program. Once a
blueprint of the object is created, we send the digital file to the printer and it prints the object. This
benefits our company because all we would have to do is to create a 3D file. There would be no
more need for 2D modelling and we would save time on creating the design the customer wants.
There are different processes that allow 3D printing to occur but the most common one used
currently is Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). A prominent tech blog states that when the digital
file is sent to the printer, the device slices the virtual design into horizontal layers. The material that
is used to make the object is then melted and the printer prints the object layer by layer until the full
object is created. Depending on the printer type, the material used can be rubber, plastics, paper,
metals and more. Our company would be able to make different prototypes of different materials
with these printers. There would be no need to get special tools for the different materials.
The emergence of 3D printing has helped many companies thus far. TechRepublic states that
Boeing, a well–known company, uses the device. This airplane company has made over 20000
materials thus far using 3D printers. Ford has also used the device to make car parts. They recently
made their 500000th part using the 3D printer. Not

3d Representation Research Paper
The use of 3D representation allows us to better understand the past and even to discover hidden
properties in the data we possess. One could create such 3D model from historical drawing and
integrate material and physical properties, which can enhance our knowledge of a particular
building, vessel, site or even a city from the past.
Researchers from EPFL used a CAD software to produce a high quality 3D model of the Venetian
Galeazza using ancient drawings found in history books. By using this model and selecting the
correct materials they created a realistic rendering of the ship and, by using a naval simulation tool,
they were able to compute a fine estimate of the center of gravity. Using the later, they could analyze
the weights distribution, and they were able to estimate the quantity of merchandise that the
Galeazza could carry, the position of the ammunition as well as ... Show more content on
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For example, a team of researcher from the University of Western Sydney Australia created a
computer simulation game that projects the player into the life of Aboriginal people prior contact
with British colonists. Their idea was to create something different than a simple website which is
usually consulted by people already wanting to get information on a given topic but rarely by people
discovering it by accident. They've chosen to create an educative video game, which on the contrary,
has the appeal of the "game". Additionally, they've worked closely with Aboriginal artists, elders
and communities to get the most accurate assets possible. The game they created is available in two
formats; the first is a 3D game in which the player follows a general quest and learns different parts
of the Aboriginal culture, and the second one is a "free world" virtual reality experience which
works with a virtual reality headset. Here's a video presentation of the game they created

Cognitive Load Induced By Design Elements Of The Ribbon...
Cognitive Load Induced by Design Elements of the Ribbon Model of Proteins
Problem Statement Student achievement in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics
(STEM) courses – despite its importance in developing a generation of interdependent, innovative,
and responsible leaders – is often difficult to accomplish (Abbas, 2017). Chemistry and
biochemistry departments experience this dilemma firsthand; much of the curriculum relies on
students' successful comprehension of visual representations of concepts, such as three–dimensional
models (Mnguni, Schönborn, & Anderson, 2016). This is hindered by both the intrinsic complexity
of biomolecular structures and the comprehension ability of individuals (Mnguni et al., 2016). If the
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The ribbon model, adopted by Jane Richardson in 1979, offers a suitable subject of analysis in this
study due to its intricacy (suggesting a measurable amount of cognitive load) and its relatively
universal usage across the biochemical community (Morange, 2011). It displays a protein's
secondary structure as determined by algorithms, and includes shapes (alpha helixes and beta
pleated sheets, for example), the spatial arrangement of the protein (i.e. depth of its components),
and labels (Turnbough & Martos, 2013). These features serve as viable aspects to test
experimentally and compare in terms of cognitive load imposed on those that examine and attempt
to understand the ribbon model. Although limited to a 13–week experience at Kennesaw State
University, this exploratory, quasi–experimental investigation contributes to a broader study (funded
by a grant) and provides a basis for methods of examining the relationship between 3D models and
cognitive load. The independent variable is the different aspects of the ribbon model viewed
(arrangement, shapes, and labels) and the dependent variable is the amount of cognitive load
induced, measured by the magnitude of ERS (found using a Biosemi electrode cap, amplifier, and
the software sLORETA). Volunteers are recruited from undergraduate science majors – as they are
most likely familiar with

Thesis On Talking Head System
Seminar topic falls under the area of computer graphics. Graphics is mainly used here for the easy
communication between computer and user. Seminar topic focuses on talking head system.Talking
head system is a technique in which an animated talking head generates lifelike face which is based
on speech recognition. Talking head system converts this speech to an animated talking head having
facial expressions and mouth movements.The seminar focuses on an approach that synthesizes ones'
face using a two and half D head model, with the facial expression driven by speech.Such system
can be made web enabled to take advantage of streaming technology.Use of lifelike talking heads
improves the quality of communication as it makes the communication easy and friendly.he
proposed implementation idea behind talking head system is to try to create visible overview of
speaker that is to create an animated talking head by giving the speech as an input by the use of
speech recognition algorithm.. As the system is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
and can choose the scale,rotation and translations. FaceGen Modeller runs on Windows XP,Vista,7
and 8.Pantium 4 is highly recommended Operating system though.Generic & frequent human faces:
Happiness, Anger, Fear, Surprise, Disgust and Sadness. Using Facial Action coding
system(FACS),human coders can manually code nearly any possible expression to look photo
realistic. Application is written in java programming language and use the SQL databases at the
backend. FACS describes total 66 muscle actions.In Facial Action coding system(FACS),Action
Unit(A.U.) are associated with the action descriptors,which in combination give rise to the facial
expressions.For example, Action unit no.6 and Action unit no.12 together in combination create an
expression for happiness. An action descriptor associated with Action unit no.6 is cheek raiser and
Action unit no. 12 is a lip corner

Luis Barragan's Style Of Architecture
Luis Barragan is an important architect that has shared his individual influences in many of his
artworks. The biggest influence in Barragan's style of architecture is from his hometown as well as
villages in Mexico. He researched architecture by himself along with experience. In my opinion, it is
important to educate ourselves about multiple architects. So that we can be exposed to multiple
styles of architecture. The whole purpose is so that we can be influenced by professionals. Luis
Barragan is a prime example of an architect who has a particular style. Although, he went through
the same process, he educated himself through architectural writers as well as friends.
My thoughts on Barragan's style I feel are influenced by his visual concepts ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Simply due to the fact that it has many elements of his traditional style. The usage of the space is
separated into two levels. Throughout the levels of the house there is rhythm implemented in the
beamed ceiling, that match the oak stairway. The staircase is almost an optical illusion. The areas in
the house that are used the most are the library and the living room.
The library consist of multiple publications, photographs, and personal papers. The shelving in the
library is a good representation of horizontal lines. It stands out in the space and makes it look as if
the space is full. I think the shelving is a point on emphasis in the library, it also makes the viewers
eyes move along the space. Barragan does a good job of controlling the contrast of the geometric
shapes used throughout the spaces.
The influence on the house is mostly Mexican but there are other influences as well. One of the
Mexican influences that stands out to me is his use of color. The vibrant colors he uses in his
artwork are traditional in Mexico. The house consist of the colors orange, pink, yellow,and green, as
well as other neutral colors. The Mexican ceramics and textiles fit the theme of the entire space as

Arch Viz Research Paper
The process of creating or rendering 3D images, known as Arch Viz, which is short for architectural
visualization. Arch Viz is an art form that requires hands–on experience with high–tech software,
talent and lots of practice. Artists in this industry create things like animated graphics, movie special
effects, video games, architectural models, and recently virtual reality programs. Arch viz is a
detail–oriented job, requiring extensive knowledge of computers and the software used. Arch viz
artists work with five types of tools post production software, 3D software, render engines, plugins,
and scene assets. Now we will talk about what programs fall into each of these categories. The post
production software you may recognize, such as

Project Proposal
PROJECT PROPOSAL By Aakash Sharma 07BA3DA037 An assignment submitted to IMAGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS, ANIMATION & TECHNOLOGY In partial fulfillment of the requirement
For the award of the degree of B.A. (Hons.) Digital Media In 3D ANIMATION IMAGE COLLEGE
OF ARTS, ANIMATION & TECHNOLOGY Affiliated to UNIVERSITY OF WALES (UK)
CHENNAI – 600 004. Project Title: The Bang Outline:– I am Aakash Sharma, Currently I am in my
third year of graduation in digital media through 3d Animation. In my present semester I have to
work on the Final Project .In this project I am intended to prepare a Short Animated clip based on
the following ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There will three main stages for my project preproduction, production, & post production. Pre–
Production Idea ,concept, development of story, Concept art of Character and Environment,
Screenplay , Story board , Animatics Production Modeling , Texturing , Rigging , Animation and
Lighting Post–Production Rendering, Compositing, Editing and Sound mixing. Story:– ♂ The Bang
♀ It's a sunny afternoon, in the city. The frame focuses on a silent residential street dings; in one
point perspective .There is a guy walking on the footpath of street. He sees that a girl is coming
from far. He prepares himself to look presentable in front of the girl. His manner of walking
completely changes, his body language also shows variation. He pretends like a stud in front of her.
He does high jump through bump grill, moves around the pole. He kicks a can and walks ahead. But
when he looks at the girl .He is left stunned. She is extremely hot .He cannot resist and couldn 't
remove his sight form her and he suddenly bangs into a pillar, The girl looks at him and
continuously laughs (concealing her mouth with her hand)at his stupidity and unconsciously she
also bangs into a pillar while walking.Then the guy gets up and looks at her, giving her a sarcastic
smile and walks away.She looks back at him simultaneously and smiles. Both of them walk .In the
credits they both are shown sitting in a

Project Plan And Workflow For Complete The Final Video
Project Methodology:
In this chapter, I present the project plan and workflow I used to complete the final video. In the
last part I discuss other software programs used to accomplish other tasks in the post production
stage.
Production Workflow:
The process to complete the insertion of a CG into a life–footage is the same as a media production
workflow. The matchmoving process is part of an animation workflow which is part of the
production
workflow. To achieve the final footage there is need to incorporate inherit workflows together.
Video Production Workflow:
To create a film, the process need to follow the basis of the media production workflow.
Figure 1: Video production Process
Preproduction: This is the beginning of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is the main focus of this project.
After my research into the matchmoving workflow, I decided to create an adaptation of a workflow
that
will suit this project.
Figure 2: A basic VFX workflow showing the production stages.
I decided to combine the production workflow and the basic matchmoving workflow so as to
accommodate
changes during the project. In figure1 below it shows a basic animation production workflow with
the
corresponding video production stages and figure2 is a basic matchmove workflow with the

different
production stages. The incorporation of CG into a live footage involves a large scale of processes.
Figure 3: A basic Matchmove workflow showing production stages.
In a simple VFX scene, the animator is responsible for the 3D creation, a visual artist is
responsible for the composite and the key role is played by the matchmover who create the CG
camera
from the real camera and ensure others have the generated CG scene to work with. The
matchmoving
usually happens early in the production workflow.
Figure 4: Adapted Workflow for the project.
I was able to derive this workflow for the insertion of the 3D into the live action–footage. The
production is divided into 3 stages as a normal video production process.
Pre–Production: I decided to have this into 2 stages. The first stage was a plan of the video
sequence plot.
The evaluation stage is a part of the matchmoving process but doesn't

Essay On Polygons
QUESTION 1
Why polygonal models favored (over NURBS for instance) as assets in computer games? Explain in
two or more paragraphs. Include references. (301 words)
Polygon Modeling method is the most common method of modeling used at present times in Films,
Television and especially for Computer/Video games. This is because its convenient, efficient and
easy to work with.There are points in 3D space, called vertices, are connected by line segments to
form a 'polygonal mesh'. 3D Models in present moment are constructed as textured polygonal
models, because they are flexible and therefore computers can render them quickly and efficiently. It
has many efficient tools. Polygons are easy for a game engine to understand better comparing it with
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
More recent hole–ﬁlling methods focus more on the appearance of the ﬁll – naive triangulation of
the hole may not appear smooth with its immediate surroundings hole boundary, progress has been
made in two main directions. Besides edges forming the boundary of a gap or hole, the input model
may contain non–manifold polygonal edges shared by more than one or two polygons. Non–
manifold connectivity often represents membranes interior to the model or redundant pieces of
geometry, while some formula separates these models into manifold patches possibly with
overlapping boundaries and others eliminate the membranes by representing them as double–sided
walls and removing the overlapping polygons.
J. Comput. Sci. & Technol. Fixing Geometric Errors on Polygons
Models,http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~taoju/research/repairsurvey.pdf (accessed on 8.8.2013)
TITAN QUEST, THE #1 QUEST FORUM,(July 2007), http://www.titanquest.net/tq–
forum/threads/43236–Triangular–holes–missing–polygons–glitch (accessed on 8.8.2013)
QUESTION 3
Name three significant advances in computer graphics technology from 1960 to the present day?
Briefly discuss each, stating why they were crucial and how they have influenced contemporary CG
creation. Include references.(315 Words)
The phrase "Computer Graphics" was coined in 1960 by William Fetter, a graphic designer for
Boeing. Art Director made the first computer model of a human body ("Boeing Man"). He

How Animation Can Bring The Dullest Of The Features And...
Introduction
In a sense Animation can bring the dullest of the features and bring it to life. It's like magic that
gives the most seemingly inanimate objects different kind of emotions and vitality. Animation made
its way to the Multimedia as one of the most attractive and much sought component over the years.
What is animation? 'To animate' means to impart motion on something that cannot. Animation also
adds the essence of time, which increases the possibility of sending the desired information.
Animator need to specify how the 'thing' they are animating move through time and space.
Decades ago when CGI doesn't exist animators were hand drawing plates for animated films and
cartoons, or relying on stop motion to create realistic effect. The birth of 3D animation was a long
process and cost billions and time to develop. Director of 'Avatar' James Cameron waited around 20
years until 3D animation has advance before starting filming Avatar in 2009.
Chapter 1
History of Computer Animation
'The term CGI is a misnomer – the computer doesn't generate the images. That would be like calling
traditional animation Pencil–Generated Imagery. No matter what the tool is, it requires an artist to
create art.' – John Lasseter
To really understand Computer Animation one must go back to the very beginning. While
researching about the history of Computer animation I found an Interesting website it shows not
only the history of computer animation but also when computer was first

Country Music Video Analysis
When thinking of a country music video, what comes to mind? Most would think of an old dirt road,
beer, trucks, and girls. That's not what a country music video is about, it's about showing what the
song is trying to say, through a video. A music video shouldn't be about how good or bad the song
is; you shouldn't even hear the song when you watch the video. It should be about helping to tell and
show the story, the way the artist wants the viewer to see it. A great country music video consists of
three things: a narrative, visual effects, and the camera and lightening of it. Sturgill Simpson's music
video of "Brace for Impact" is not a typical country music video, but it is a country music video. It is
an extraordinary and effective video, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are different types of camera angles used throughout Simpsons video. In a video there are
three camera angles that are used to add different effects to it (Davis). When Sturgill is singing and it
shows him from eye level it's creating a drama filled effect. Then when it shows him from a high
angle it's creating a weaker effect. It also shows him from a low angle which creates a dominating,
strong effect. The lighting of "Brace for Impact" is dark. The lighting of video's can modify, or alter,
the mood of it (Davis). Simpson is shown playing and singing in a concealed room, with little light,
meaning he wants the mood of the video to be gloomy and tragic. The camera angle and lighting of
"Brace for Impact" help to set the mood and effects, of what Simpson wants you to feel, when
watching this music

Design And Process Of Designing A 3d Model
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Design.....................................................................................................Page 3 Identification Problem
Overview Introduction Specification Content Communication Target Audience Software Utilisation
Design Theme Annotated Sketches
Develop...................................................................................................Page 4 Implementation
Problems Faced Changes Made Review Comments Testing Feedback Physical Print
Evaluation................................................................................................Page 7 Context Input
Processes Product Design Identification Problem Overview The problem is to design a toy for a
client within the allocated time constraints. The requirements and objectives are – appeal to the
target audience, safety, creativity and innovation. Introduction The purpose of this task is to create a
Vodcast explaining the design and process to create a 3D model. From initial idea to final print.
Specification Content Communication I am trying to communicate with the audience by creating a
video detailing the design process of how the model was produced. Target Audience This toy would
mainly target, adolescents, collectors, DC adherents, Superman enthusiasts and to an extent;
children. Software Utilisation The software that was used for the creation of this model was Google
Sketch–up 8 and the software that was used for compositing of the

Digital Artists And Animation And Visual Effects For...
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, "Multimedia artists and animators create
animation and visual effects for television, movies, video games, and other forms of media"(BLS).
When looking at the different careers one could pursue, one should weigh the options before, or near
the beginning one's education, so one doesn 't have to redo the entire thing. There are many types of
animators, some work in 2D, which is mostly drawing; other animators work in 3D, which is using a
computer. Animation is a good career choice if one has an understanding and love for art and
working with computers.
For applicants looking to pursue a career in animation, one should consider the specific skill sets
and education that is required. According to the United States Department of Labor, some of the
education that one needs is, "a bachelor's degree in fine art, computer graphics, animation, or a
related field"(How to become one). Furthermore, as stated by the United Kingdom's National
Careers Service, some of the skills needed in this career are, "communication and presentation
skills, drawing and modelling skills, and IT skills"(UK). According to Dr. Alan Cholodenko,
"drawing is acknowledged as the 'basis' of not only all art but of animation"(Cholodenko). Some of
the animation careers are heavily based on drawing, however, they also use and need technology
skills as well. As reported by the BLS, "Many multimedia artists and animators use computer
programs or write programming code

Why Is Pixar Successful
Problem Pixar was successful, however after all it is only a content company. If it intent to promote
this sustainable development, it is necessary to complement many link such as issue, business (" cars
"how to earn $4 billion?), channel (cinema and television)...These things are apparently Pixar don't
want to do, also not good at doing. Pixar was director George Lucas's computer graphics company,
although this team includes a large number of technology and art talents they have full enthusiasm,
however its main business is responsible for producing electricity, shadow effects or virtual
background. See these genius will spend the rest of their life in the "to do good for others, George
Lucas just suffered a divorce, continue to sell some assets. A famous quote is "Titan Nick's sink, for
the great tragedy of tourists are the ship, but for unexpected salvation of all kinds of fish and shrimp
in the kitchen, is the miracle of life." Solution In 2006, Disney bought Pixar for $7.6 billion. After
years of making successful movies for Disney, the media giant finally acquired Pixar for a whopping
$7.4 billion. Steve Jobs became the largest Disney shareholder, holding about 7% of the company's
shares. With the emergence of a batch of new animation company, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In recent years the and Disney released technology integration to the theme park experience
strategy, including patent launched cartoon robot, the application of virtual reality, Disney research
center has also proposed a new concept about wireless charging system. I can say, Disney cartoon
world intent through black technology to continuously introduce attractive products wish is to have
long some, also can with the help of apple's extensive user base improve the dissemination of
content products and expand their

Animation Stimuli For The Study Of Instructor Gestures
System for creating animation stimuli for the study of instructor gestures in education. The system
does not require artistic talent or programming expertise. The system provides an animation
character that serves as an instructor avatar .The avatar can speak ,write on a nearby white board
,and make pointing ,embodied cognition and charisma gestures .The avatar is controlled with a text
script that specify when and what the avatar says and does. Introduction –: Animation plays an
important role in education. Animation such as pointing; circling; or underlining can help capture;
maintain ,and direct the student's attention during lecture . Instructor animation serve as a
complementary communication channel that helps student parse and grasp the information presented
to them verbally and visually. For example –: in the context of learning mathematical equivalence ,a
balance gestures elicits the students firsthand experience with the concept of physical equilibrium,
which is used to scaffold the novel concepts of balancing the sides of equation . Animation can help
convey an instructor's appealing and engaging personality which enhances the learning .Important as
animation seems to be ,much remains to be discovered through education research regarding what
,when and how instructor animation benefit learning. . Traditional education research on instructor
animation relies on video stimuli. Student participant are shown pre recorded videos

Golf Course Engineering Research Paper
Passion project was an exciting, but difficult year long process. I had my doubts about my topic, but
in the end I am extremely happy I chose what I did. For my passion project, I decided to research
golf course architecture. It has been difficult at times but no matter the challenge I have overcome it
to get to this point. Golf course architecture may seem like an easy job to take over, or you may
think that it doesn't take a lot of effort, and you'd be completely wrong. The thoughts that have to
run through your mind while designing a golf course are endless. When designing a golf course you
have to think of scenarios as a player and think to yourself, "How would I play this hole?", or "What
would make this hole easier or more difficult?" ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I believe my time management was extremely successful because I was able to adjust my original
plans to fit the time I had remaining. As stated previously, I had planned on designing 3 final
products, a 3d model, a virtual 3d model, as well as a drawing. As the year progressed I had to adapt
to the fact that there was going to be no way that I would be able to finish all three of those final
products by the deadline. After I finished designing my first hole on my drawing, I realized that this
was going to have to be my main, if not my only, final product. I was able to identify the issue with
my plan, and modify it to fit the amount of time I had remaining, leaving myself a good path to
success. I believe I might've been able to fit more than one of the final products in, but I didn't want
to be forced to rush, or be stressed because passion project is supposed to be a positive experience. I
am happy with the decision I made on this because I think it allowed me to really give 100% effort
towards my drawing, and draw it to the best of my ability. Another decision I had to make as
research for passion project was winding down, was scheduling a new interview. Originally I had
planned a face to face interview with the man designing the brand new course at my

Using Virtual Reconstruction Methods And The Technologies
Abstract In my art history class, we studied Rome Reborn, a 3D digital model of illustrating the
urban development of ancient Rome. I thought it could be tied nicely into our understanding new
media, more specifically how the use of virtual reconstruction methods and the technologies are
cultural and historical customs. A virtual reconstruction, as a simulation, could be seen as accurately
imitating the past and it may also be comprehended as a model constituting a hyperreality. These
two perspectives are regarded as opposite ends of a spectrum in which the comprehension of a
simulation sways due to the embedded conventions of realism. While not arguing a fixed position,
this paper argues that above all a simulation should be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rome Reborn (RR)'s objective is to create scientific 3D digital models that illustrate the
development of the city of Rome from the first settlement in the late Bronze Ages to the dramatic
depopulation of the city in the early middle Ages – ca. 552 AD (Frischer, 2) However, the project
team started modeling at the moment of 320 AD because at that time Rome is considered to be at the
height of its urban development. Since 2007, the project team of RR has been releasing and
distributing images and videos of the virtual reconstruction on the web for public viewing. After all,
a goal of archaeology is to present their interpretations of the ancient remains. According to
Frischer, the videos present the current stage of the virtual reconstruction of ancient Rome's urban
development in 320 AD, even including animations as casual as civilians strolling through buildings
to something as exciting as gladiators fighting at the Coliseum. Every time a new walk–through is
released, it results in numerous and mainly encouraging, comments from the public; "This is how
beautiful Rome once looked!"(Vimeo) and "Just amazing!! Rome looked incredible and beautiful!!"
(Vimeo) Based on such feedback, people are mostly concerned with the correctness and accuracy of
the representational qualities of the city. However, ancient Rome does not exist anymore and

Advantages Of 3d Information Visualization
3D Visualization Techniques 3D– visualization techniques are art tools for recording,
documentation, interpretation such as produce of outstanding idea documentary quality of 3D
images. Moreover, it's wide range of applications and initially presented creation for stereo views
and for forensic 3Dphotography. Examples of samples represent stereo view collections. It also link
with international 3D– image archives. In the beginning introduced of gaining "3D–niche–
photography" based on a telescope–rod–Lite–platform. End with a new way to obtain terrain–
heights from image–parallax–values is shown for aerial photography and for SAR–imagery. It also
filled up the list of virtual 3D–visualization methodology. 2D and 3D Information Visualization
Resources, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Part 1: To focus on the field of information visualization introduction, definitions, conceptualizing
data types within the field, the advantages and disadvantages of representing information in 2D and
3D, 2D and 3D information visualization presentation techniques, 2D and 3D information
visualization in the Web environment, and an introduction to the Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG)
and extensible 3D (X3D) standards. Part 2 : Extensive listing of resources in the area of 2D and 3D
information visualization, categorized under journals, conferences, significant research groups,
websites, presentations, news stories, and articles, and software products. Part 3: To discuss practical
applications of 2D and 3D information visualization. It also provides solid suggestions for
information organizations to explore and experiment this 3D visualization techniques in their own
localized environment. Hence, any suggestion on experimenting with software product has gone
through Part 1 first. Moreover, advantages and disadvantages confronting the information
visualization community are listed in Part

Microscopy Has Long Been Proven Fundamental?
Abstract:
Microscopy has long been proven fundamental in structural biology, especially for the mechanistic
understanding of virus cell architecture and macromolecular functions. Cryo–electron microscopy
(cryo–EM) is a variation of electron microscopy that allows imaging of viruses in cryogenic solution
(i.e. ethane solution cooled to near liquid nitrogen temperature) without having to grow crystals or
embed samples in heavy metal salts (i.e. negative staining), using electrons to focus specimens with
a resolution power to near–atomic details. Cryo–EM employs thin vitrified layers of unfixed,
unstained and unsupported virus structures in cryogenic solutions (i.e. samples are preserved in or
close to biological conditions) in easy controlled settings, yielding resolution powers to a near
atomic resolution, affording this technique an overwhelming popularity in structural biology. Cryo–
EM is now beginning to rival X–ray crystallography and NMR techniques to a near atomic details.
This essay focuses on how cryo–EM have been implicated in visualizing virus structures with
particular emphases on bacteriophage MS2 virion.
Introduction:
For a mechanistic understanding of macromolecular and biochemical functions and processes of a
wide variety of biological structures (i.e. cells, proteins, bacteria and viruses) (Milne et al., 2013)
optical devices (i.e. X–ray crystallography and NMR, among others) have long been implicated in
characterizing biomolecular structures into 3D

The Fundamental Concept Of The Finite Element Method
The fundamental concept of the finite element method is that a physical domain is discretised into a
small number of sub–domains, known as elements, over which a continuous field variable such as
velocity, stress, pressure, or temperature can be approximated. These elements are connected at
specific points known as nodes or nodal points. Since the actual variation of the field variable is not
known inside the domain, approximating functions are needed to describe this variation. These
approximating functions interpolate the values of the field variable at the nodal points of each
element. Since the geometric and the required material properties of each element are known,
suitable field equations can be easily developed. From preliminary design results, stress distribution
in the turbine disc obtained using analytical method. This result has to be correlated with the Ansys
results. Ansys is a comprehensive FEA analysis tool for structural including linear and non–linear
studies. In addition, Ansys Mechanical offers coupled physical capabilities involving thermal–
structural and thermal– electric analysis etc. 5.1 3D Model Generation Figure 5.1.1 Front and side
View of Turbine Disc At first, 3D model of the turbine disc has to be generated as shown in figure
5.1.1 and then a sector of turbine disc is cut for required angle using 3D modelling software
UniGraphics NX 8. The NX 8 is a integrated and advanced CAD software

Crime Scene Reconstruction
Kristin Waters
Crime Scene Reconstruction
ENC 1102–154
Reconstructing a crime scene takes a lot of effort from experienced law enforcement, medical
examiners, and criminalists. All of these professionals give unique perspectives to develop a crime–
scene reconstruction. Forensic scientists also play a vital role in helping to reconstruct the crime
scene. They use the crime–scene reconstruction to show events that occurred prior to, during, and
after a crime was committed. (Saferstein, 2009) There are many things that these reconstructions can
do to aid in investigations. 3–D reconstructions are more advanced and can show real life events
based on the evidence. Did you know that a crime–scene reconstruction takes many steps? There ...
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(Clemens D. W., 1998) Investigators don't only look at one type of evidence. There is also the direct
physical evidence. With direct physical evidence, it provides investigators with a definite conclusion
or direction. This type of evidence employs deductive reasoning to state a fact that can be
understood by everyone. For example, if a transfer bloodstain on the clothing of a homicide victim
has a DNA type consistent with that of the suspect, the victim must have had contact with the
suspect after the suspect was injured and began bleeding. (Saferstein, 2009) With all the evidence
that investigators have gathered, they can begin to do some reenactments. Reenactments are done by
live personnel, mannequins, or computer–generated models. Anyone or anything used in a live–
reenactment needs to be close to the same size and strength or the actual victim and suspect.
(Bennett, 2007) With the reenactments, this allows the investigators to see firsthand if the scenario is
even physically possible. This gives them a great look at every option, and helps them to find what
really could have happened at a crime scene. After all the physical evidence had been gathered and
they have looked at everything, the final step with the crime–scene reconstruction is the, event
timeline. This will define each event that occurred at a crime scene in various probable orders within
a known or estimated time frame. (Saferstein, 2009) Most investigators will put this timeline

Compare and Contrast Marr and Nishihara’s and Biederman’s...
Option 2
Compare and contrast Marr and Nishihara's and Biederman's theories of object recognition. How
well do they explain how we are able to recognize three dimensional objects despite changes in
viewing angle?
Humphreys and Bruce (1989) proposed a model of object recognition that fits a wider context of
cognition. According to them, the recognition of objects occurs in a series of stages. First, sensory
input is generated, leading to perceptual classification, where the information is compared with
previously stored descriptions of objects. Then, the object is recognized and can be semantically
classified and subsequently named. This approach is, however, over–simplified. Other theories like
Marr and Nishihara's and Biederman's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This description is then matched against those stored in memory. According to Biedermann, geons
are detected on the basis of non–accidental properties such as collinearity, symmetry and
parallelism. Like Marr and Nishihara, Biedermann sustains that primitives are invariant under
changes in viewpoint.
Similarly, both theories are supported by research. Lawson and Humphreys (1996), for example,
showed that recognition is affected more by tilt of major axis (foreshortening) than any other
rotation, which endorses Marr's and Nishihara prediction that establishing a central axis is crucial to
the process of recognition. Warrington and Taylor (1978) reported that brain damaged patients could
recognize objects presented in a typical view only. These patients found difficult to say if two
photographs presented simultaneously were the same object when one image was a typical view and
the other an unusual view. Although this could be explained as the patient's inability to transform a
2D version of the atypical view into a 3D model, it could also be due to difficulty in establishing the
central axis or due to some features of the object being hidden. In a later study, Humphreys and
Riddoch (1984) used images where either the axis had been foreshortened through rotation or a
critical feature was hidden. They found that patients had more problems recognizing the images with
a foreshortened axis than the ones where a critical feature was hidden. Their

Recommendation Letter For My Superiors At The Company I Work
The following paper will establish how I will communicate a request to my superiors at the
company I work for. In order for my request to be properly communicated to my superiors I will
firstly need to clearly identify the request. Secondly, I will need to analysis my audience. Thirdly, I
will need to specify which tactics will be used to influence my audience. Finally, I will write the
memo that I plan on submitting to my audience.
1. Request: The industry of construction is an industry where you have to be precise and very
accurate. This is why I will be requesting that the superiors in my company purchase a piece of
software "Chief Architect" and revert from using their current software "Sketch–up". This task will
require persuasion because the owners of the company think that using open source software like
Sketch–up will be sufficient. The company has been using Sketch–up for over five years and their
thought process is that its free, it works, and there is no need to pay for other software. One of the
designers and architects at the firm has tried to ask for this software in the past and the bosses turned
the idea down because the software was too expensive. The designer didn 't provide any evidence or
provided little logic for his argument, which is why he was unsuccessful in influencing the
superiors. Influencing them into purchasing is the only option now and everyone in the company
acknowledges the need for such software except the superiors.
2. Audience

Designing Projects For The Public
Joseph Wiley
English IV
Mrs. Daly
18 November, 2016
Designing Projects for the Public
Thousands people all over the world share their ideas to create future projects and that project is in
art and animation. It is really wise to start from the very beginning. The process of creating or even
preparing for a big project takes time. In order to make a character or idea come to life one needs the
right tools. This is where the skills in art come in, basically the fun part. Everyone would like to see
their ideas come to life and sharing it with the public. Soon this will lead any person to create a
project that involves gaming and animated television shows. Before starting a project there are a few
things a person may need. A character may be the important thing but there are other factors that are
far more important. What would the character do or what environment would it be placed in? The
Developer also has to think about the storyboard which involves writing. Every project needs to start
with a story (How a Game pg.1). A person can make up their own story and can also receive help
from anyone assisting in the project. Everyone may be inspired by something they have seen which
gives them many ideas for a good story. it is important for the team to come up with a decision so
they can know what fits. Once it is decided the team will start to work on the storyboard (How a
Game pg.2).

Computer Science And Medicine Or Art Science
The STEM related fields have always tended to be predominantly male; engineering and my major
of interest–– computer science are composed mainly of male students. These fields have just
recently started seeing more and more women pursuing them. Computer Science is an amazing field
and offers a variety of opportunities in terms of how it can be applied; it can be a combination of
computer science and another field–– computer science and medicine or art/design. There are
endless possibilities as to what future technology can be developed and what new ideas can be
created because of engineers, but if the field remains mostly comprised of men then we're missing
out on the many ideas that the female side and perspective may have to offer.
Learning about Corrinne Yu was enlightening because not only is she an engineer but she's one of
the best in her field, whether it be through gaming, physics, or mechanics. It's refreshing to hear
about a woman changing the standards so drastically in a male–oriented industry like that of gaming
because from my experiences girls who play video games are considered doing it for attention or the
male approval rather than the idea that we generally enjoy just playing the game. Knowing that
some of the designs that transformed the way gaming is now ran was due to her incredible ability,
gave me a lot of hope and ambition to strive to be able to do half of what she was capable of. While
doing my research on her, I knew when I checked the comments on

Digital Fabrications Architectural And Material Techniques

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