Management Essay Writing

International Management Essay
BACHELOR OF COMMERCE
INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT
WRITTEN CASE ANALYSIS REPORT:
The Last Rajah: Ratan Tata and Tata's Global Expansion
Declaration:
Except where I have indicated, the work I am submitting in this assignment is my own work and has
not been submitted for assessment in another course.
CONTENTS
Page
Executive Summary4
1.Introduction5
2.Source Problems6
3.Secondary Problems6
3.1Long term6
3.1.1Diversification of investments and businesses6
3.1.2The continuation of operation of Corus mills6
3.1.3Sustainability of its business versus sustainability of its corporate social responsibility during
economy slow–down7
3.1.4Management control in Tata Group7
4....show more content...
Another challenge is to formulate strategies for over 100 companies in more than 80 countries.
Besides this, another problem of Tata Group is the high involvement of Ratan Tata, who is the chief
steward of the group of nine senior executives sitting on the boards of the Tata companies, in both
the negotiations of major deals and the details of his auto–making, telecom or steel businesses
(Luthans and Doh 2009). The next challenge for Tata is on how to absorb the struggling Corus mills.
Other challenges for the future include deciding on which businesses to spin–off and which to
pursue, what will happen to the conglomerate during an economy slow–down. The most challenge
issue for Tata Group perhaps would be to fill the void left behind by the energetic and visionary Mr
Ratan Tata– Chairman of the Tata Group, when he retire (Koontz and Weihrich 2010).
3. Secondary Problems
3.1 Long term
3.1.1 Diversification of investments and businesses
From the case study, it is evident that a major problem for Tata Group is its diversification of its
investments and businesses over so many different countries. The group is subjected inevitably to

the different market situations and the culture of each individual market.
3.1.2 The continuation of operation of Corus mills
Another long–term problem for Tata Group is whether they should continue operating the struggling
Corus mills. As
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Management Essay
Being a manager takes a great deal of hard work, dedication, and persistence. In order to achieve the
goal of becoming a CEO, necessary skills of a manager must be developed and then achieve the
skills and confidence to succeed. Since managers are leaders, leadership skills and cross–functional
leadership skills must be developed. Lehman Brothers, a global investment bank, emphasizes the
importance of "leadership potential and initiative, as well as problem solving and technical skills."
The management training program will provide a plan of action to strategize and grasp all the
necessary skills in a short time to fulfill the goal of becoming the CEO.
First and foremost, managers must identify weaknesses, polish up strengths, and...show more
content...
By taking the initiative to volunteer to lead the members without being tyrannical, colleagues would
evaluate that I have good overall leadership qualities.
Decision making is the key responsibility of being a leader. A good decision maker knows how to
assess the problems, come up with a variety of solutions and evaluate the most effective solutions.
In learning how to assess conflicts, variables in the company should be addressed to achieve the
best resolution. In order to decipher the factors that are relevant to key decisions, it is imperative to
understand which criterion is more important to Skilos Inc. The company may have factors that are
fixed and unchangeable because they run the key parts of the business. There may be other factors
that are variable and not as important, which could be used as part of solutions. The bottom line is
whether the fixed or variable aspect is eventually changed, it is important to understand all the
elements which are driving the business in order to find the best solution from the big picture. After
finding the answer to the problem the next step would be to discover how to execute decisions
effectively so that the decision would be the greatest conclusion for Skilos Inc. In the end, the
decision must be confidently executed and the evaluation will reflect the detailed planning that has
taken place with the company's goals used as good measure.
In

Levels Of Management Essay
What are the different levels of management in an organization? Explain responsibilities and
importance of each level with examples. You may choose your current organization or an
organization of your choice to support your answer. [30marks]
In any organization the number of managerial levels largely depends on its size. The term " Levels of
management" is referred to a line of demarcation between various managerial positions in a
business. Basically there are 3 levels of management in an organization namely the top level,
middle level and the first level. "Mary Parker Follet defines management as: The art of getting
things done through people". Moreover each level has their job responsibilities and we have to
make sure that we are operating in an effective way to benefit the organization. It is important to
note that depending on the size of the organization there may be more or less levels of management.
A classical management levels is shown below in figure1.
Figure 1
Top Level Management...show more content...
It is also known as the corporate or strategic level. The top level managers includes those who work
as Presidents, Vice President, Chief Executive Officer, Managing director or general managers. At
such level of management, focus is made on long term planning and strategic planning process.
Some of their important areas of responsibility include strategic planning, overall performance
evaluation, facilitating middle managers in achieving the results and selection of key personnel.
Furthermore they have to make policies frame plans to attain objectives, assemble the resources of
money and materials to ensure the planning and establish the objective or goals of the

Strategic Management Essay
Strategic Management
Introduction
To deal effectively with the wide array of factors affecting the ability of a business to grow and
prosper, managers need advanced processes they feel will facilitate the optimal positioning of the
business in its competitive environment. Such positioning is possible with strategic management
because this process improves preparedness for unexpected internal or competitive demands.
Therefore, strategic management is an all–encompassing approach for formulating, implementing
and evaluating managerial decisions in a way that permits the business to reach its objectives.
For a strategic management plan to be successful, however, every manager should:
Clearly see the need for change
Be...show more content...
John, 44–59).
Understandably, organizations with diverse operations due to multiple products, markets or
technologies also tend to use more complex strategic management systems. Despite differences in
detail and degree of formalization, the basic components of the models used to analyze strategic
management operations are very similar.
The strategic management process is based on the belief that businesses should continually monitor
internal and external events so timely changes can be made. To survive, firms must be able to
identify and adapt to change. This involves timely planning, directing, organizing and controlling of
the strategy–related decisions and actions of the firm (Camerer, 195–219).
The strategic management process is sometimes improperly perceived as a unidirectional flow of
objectives, strategies and decision parameters from management to the employees. In fact, the
process should be highly interactive since it is designed to stimulate input from creative, skilled and
knowledgeable people working at every level of the business.
Tools Used in Strategy Development
This section very briefly describes several key tools that can be used during the course of strategy
development and strategic planning. The list is not intended to be comprehensive but to illustrate
the types of tools

Management And Leadership Essay example
Management and Leadership
Management and leadership, two words that are considered synonymous and are often used in the
same context, yet they do not mean the same thing and they describe two different concepts.
According to the dictionary, management is 1) The act, manner or practice of managing;
handling, supervision, or control; 2) The person or persons who control or direct a business or other
enterprise; 3) Skill in managing; executive ability; where as leadership is 1) The position or office of
a leader; 2) Capacity or ability to lead; 3) A group of leaders; 4) Guidance; direction. In many
organizations, management is a job description; leadership is a positive trait. Managers tend to think
incrementally, while leaders think...show more content...
Management normally consists of people, who are experienced in their field, and have worked
their way up the company. A manager knows how each layer of the system works and may also
possess a good technical knowledge. Managers are "principally administrators В¬В– they write
business plans, set budgets and monitor progress." Additional tasks handled by managers are
problem–solving and facilitating meetings. Managers usually achieve their position through
experience and understanding, and obtain authority through time and loyalty.
In business, leadership is "the ability to influence employees to voluntarily pursue organizational
goals." Leadership is one of the many assets a successful manager should possess. While
management is considered a position, leadership is considered a relationship. Thus, leadership is the
connection between the leader and their subordinates that makes management successful. This
connection can strengthen an organization and make the work more focused and effective.
Leadership is the ability to get people to willingly follow. A person who exhibits the traits of
leadership is called a leader. The role of a leader is to ensure that the desired tasks and guidelines are
implemented throughtout the team. Since managers can not be everywhere at the same time, leaders
are put into place to bridge the gap while echoing managements requirements. Because leaders are
the link between the

Management Essay
We live and work in a condition with challenging opportunities and dramatic uncertain economic
environment, especially for managers, must have enough skills and knowledge to manage the
changeable business environment. This essay will discuss whether the managers nowadays have the
tendency to focus on economic results at the expense of more important things or not, and yes, the
managers have the tendency to focus on the expense of more important things, the discussion will be
demonstrated from the following concepts: contemporary management challenges–downsizing,
workplace diversity, restructuring, globalisation and quality; organisational culture in Australia,
managers' role in managing organisational culture. Managers today must be able...show more
content...
Quality means the total features and characteristics of a product or service that has effects upon its
ability to satisfy stated or implied needs (Davidson et al. 2006). All the challenges that managers
need to face to are mentioned and defined above, the analysis of the relevance of these challenges
and economic results will be addressed in the next paragraph.
All profit–orientated organisations are focus on strategies to measure the value they produced in
financial terms. In that case, managers need to provide strategies and action plans to achieve
organizational goals, encourage efficient employees, reward good performance, and support risk and
creativity to achieve higher profits (Thach & Thompson 2007). Moreover, satisfy the customer needs
is very important, because their purchasing activities can bring the profit (Thach & Thompson 2007).
Financial performance not only can show whether the business gain or loss money, if gain more
money means the business running well and is successful on financial terms, but also is an
important measurement when evaluating the abilities of the manager. Although financial
performance is important for the organisation, managers should not only focus on it, should also
focus on the

Management
Essay Writing 2: Planning & Structuring Your Essays
Effective Learning Service
Essay Writing 2: Planning & Structuring Your Essays
University of Bradford, School of Management
Essay Writing (2): Planning & Structuring Your Essays
ESSAY WRITING (2): PLANNING & STRUCTURING YOUR ESSAYS
WHY WRITE ESSAYS? Look for the word 'essay' in the dictionary and you will find one meaning
listed is 'to attempt'. An essay is an attempt by you to communicate your arguments or knowledge of
a subject to the reader, usually your tutor. The mark awarded is a reflection, not on your intellect
generally, but on your ability to communicate your ideas on the subject in question. Many tutors –
and students – believe essays help in four ways: Г They...show more content...
This will involve you in starting to bring to the surface ideas, arguments, references, points of view,
opinions etc. that occur to yo u. You just need to jot these down as they occur to you. This stage of
the process assumes, of course, you have done some reading on the subject in question! Use the
space below for your brainstorming of the essay subject/topic.
Effective Learning
4
University of Bradford, School of Management
Essay Writing (2): Planning & Structuring Your Essays
WHAT'S YOUR POINT OF VIEW?
Having brainstormed the title and the subject, in some essays you will need to decide what is
going to be your position, main argument, view or perspective in the essay. This is particularly
important in analytical essays (see page 2). It is all too easy to write an essay that gives a range of
perspectives but still leaves the reader puzzled as to your conclusions or position. Your point of view
is important – backed up with good evidence. If the essay is implicitly or explicitly seeking you to
take up a position, what is it going to be? What will be your overall point of view in this essay? In
the space below, write a 'mini–essay' in 50 words that neatly summarises your point of view for the
essay.
Effective Learning

5
University of Bradford, School of

Portfolio Management Essay
Portfolio Management
Introduction:
Portfolio management is a conglomeration of securities as whole, rather than unrelated individual
holdings. Portfolio management stresses the selection of securities for inclusion in the portfolio
based on that security's contribution to the portfolio as a whole. This purposes that there some
synergy or some interaction among the securities results in the total portfolio effect being something
more than the sum of its parts. When the securities are combined in a portfolio, the return on the
portfolio will be an average of the returns of the securities in the portfolio. For example, if a
portfolio was comprised on equal positions in two securities, whose returns are 15% and 20%, the
return on the...show more content...
It is important to recognize the difference between the risk of an individual security and the risk
of the portfolio as a whole. The risk of a portfolio is less than the average risk of its holdings, your
risk tolerance should be matched to the risk of the overall portfolio and not to the risk of each
security.
 Inflation – Although some degree of inflation protection is needed, the extent will vary
depending upon the time horizon and the goal of using the portfolio to generate income for future
cash consideration. Whereas, someone using a short term trading strategy and interested in
maximization of capital gains may concentrate less on this factor.
 Time Horizon – The time horizon is the period of time from the present until the next
major change in your circumstances. A good portfolio design will reflect this time change. For
example – at 25 years of age and normal retirement at age 60 does not necessarily mean the time
horizon is 35 years. Different events in your life can represent the end of one time horizon and the
beginning of a new time horizon and a need for a complete rebalancing of your portfolio. These
events could include finishing university, purchase of a new home and many others beside retirement.
 Liquidity – In portfolio management this is the amount of cash and near–cash in the
portfolio. For liquidity purposes, if you are wealthy and risk tolerant you may choice to

Management : Management And Management Essay
According to Henri Fayol, managers perform five basic functions; planning, organizing, leading,
commanding, and controlling. Managers also adapt to assuming multiple roles, enabling them to
comfortably transition between being a Monitor, a liaison, a disseminator, a resource allocator, and
more. Successful managers do not simply dictate orders, they apply multiple disciplines, embrace the
organization as a living breathing entity which has differing moods, requirements and needs, and
they understand strive to create a challenging and satisfying work environment, one which promotes
innovation, employee dedication and high productivity. To create this type of environment,
managers need to understanding their greatest asset are the people whom they manage. A successful
manager fosters trust with their subordinates, empowers them to grow and learn, and becomes a
dependable resource the employees can count on no matter what struggle may stand before them.
Pete Aranda, a Lockheed Martin employee, is the engineering manager of the Networked Training
Center, (NTC), program, an F–16 combat aircraft simulator. Mr. Aranda manages an engineering
team comprised of three Software Engineers, two Hardware System Engineers, a CAD/CAD Design
Engineer and a Configuration Specialist. The Engineering Team is tasked with designing, testing and
implementing upgrades to the simulator 's software and hardware to replicate the continual upgrades
occurring to the aircraft pilots fly during

Essay on Management and Leadership
Successful organizations have strong leaders and managers that develop, support and encourage
employee longevity within a company. There is a significant difference between leadership and
management however both skills have to be used collectively and both are important to a profitable
organization. Leadership is a notion of communicating an organization's vision, whereas management
is more of the implementation of the organization's vision. The manager typically carries out the
responsibilities written by the organization and has a good team underneath them to carry out the
duties and meet the goals. Most companies have a mission statement that mirrors and supports a
company's vision. When referring leadership and management, the two...show more content...
According to Hersey and Blanchard (1998), there are three areas required for effective leadership.
Technical skills, which includes clinical expertise and knowledge as it pertains to nursing.
Secondly, human skills, which is the ability and judgment to work with people in leadership roles.
And lastly, conceptual skills which is the ability to understand the complexities of overall
organization and figure out how and where one's own strengths of management fits into the overall
organization (Cherry, Jacob 2011). Leadership is unique compared to any other role because of its
responsibility for people. Good leaders are followed merely because they have gained people's trust
and respect.
Management:
Management involves the tactical aspect of day to day functions and who keeps control of the
work environment to make sure the organization is moving forward and in the same direction of
the company's vision. Managers are faced with many responsibilities each day, one of which is
managing people. The goal of a successful manager is to achieve the highest productivity of the
organization by way of the people he/she manages. A manager is more of a problem solver and
takes care of work areas relating to people management, time management, decision making etc.
According to Lewin (1951) and White & Lippit (1960), there are three prevalent management
behavior styles: Authoritarian, democratic and laissez–fare (Cherry,

Business Management Essays
Business Management The world of business has undergone radical and dramatic changes in the last
decade changes that present extraordinary challenges for the contemporary manager. A manager is
an organizational member who is responsible for planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the
activities of the organization so that the goals can be achieved. According to a widely referenced
study by Henry Mintzberg, managers serve three primary roles: interpersonal, informational, and
decision–making. Management is process of administrating and coordinating resources effectively
and efficiently in an effort to achieve the goals of the organization. The concept of management
within an organization typically occurs in an...show more content...
Controlling is monitoring the performance of the organization, identifying deviations between
planned and actual results, and taking corrective action when necessary. With all these four
functions that are involved in the process of management, if all are followed correctly the
organization will be properly ran and will have few complications. In every organization there are
managers, and every manager is classed on different levels in terms of the skills they need and the
activities they are involved in. Managers exist at various levels in the organization hierarchy. A
small organization may have one layer of management, where as a large organization may have
several. In most organizations there are three level of managers. The three level of managers are,
first line manager, middle manager, and finally the top–level manager. Managers at different job
levels have different job responsibilities and therefor require different skills. First–line managers
supervise the individuals who are directly responsible for producing the organization's product or
delivering its service. They carry titles such as production supervisor, line manager, section chief, or
account manager. First–line managers along with all the other managers are involved in three skills
conceptual, human, and technical. In each three different levels of management, each one of these

Leadership vs. Management Essay
Leadership vs. Management Much has been written about the difference between management and
leadership. In the past, competent management staffs ran effective companies. In light of our
ever–changing world, however, most companies have come to realize that it is much more
important to lead than to manage. In today's world the old ways of management no longer work.
One reason is that the degree of environmental and competitive change we are experiencing is
extreme. Although exciting, the world is also very unstable and confused. In an article entitled
What's the Difference between Your Hospital and the Other? Gary Campbell states that the
difference between a manager and a leader is that the manager "finds himself quite willing to...show
more content...
One idea for creating and maintaining a healthy organizational culture is simply to ensure that
there are processes in place to select and develop the best people available. A great deal of money
and resources should be devoted to carefully screen job applicants, identifying those few whose
values closely match the company's. To be selected to fill a leadership position in the company, a
person would have to possess the passion and skills necessary to keep the culture alive and healthy.
In addition to the resources necessary to ensure optimal staff selection, the company must be focused
on continual employee development. A leader's skills must be fed and cultivated. The leader must be
given this consistent message: change is good... change is vital. According to a leadership article
found on www.1000ventures.com, "The operative assumption today is that someone, somewhere,
has a better idea; and the operative compulsion is to find out who has that better idea, learn it, and
put it into action – fast". I believe that Allstate attempts to abide by this theory but due to its size is
probably not always successful. There are many positions to be filled on a daily basis and it is
probably not practical to think that this large corporation could be selective enough to make sure
that each employee selected fully embodies the company culture. Another key area that should be
considered when maintaining a healthy

Essay about Human Resource Management
I.INTRODUCTION
People are the key to business success. However nowadays of business this is often neglected and
people are seen to be a necessary expense. A successful business does not just rely on a person's
power instead it involves continuous effective teamwork and communication. Storey (1995) defines
that human resource management is an individual approach to employment management which seeks
to achieve competitive advantage through the strategic deployment of a highly committed and
capable workforce, using an integrated array of cultural, structural and personnel techniques.
II.THE ROLE OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Human resource management involves several of practices such as recruitment/resourcing,
administration, selection,...show more content...
It is necessary for human resource management to have a proper human resource planning. "Human
resource planning involves planning that assure a firm's needs for employees", says Madura. She
also includes that human resource planning consists of three tasks which are forecasting staffing
needs, job analysis (Madura, 2007). Recruiting and selecting the right employee is not enough. There
is a necessity to provide continuous training and development to the employees to be more
productive and efficient. With great training, it enables the employees to be more innovative,
creative, motivated and thus increase their working performance. Training can be through various
types such as on the job training, off the job training, job rotation and scholarships.
Human capital management plays an important role in the recruitment process. It is essential for
hiring, managing, training high performing employees. Human capital management is important for
hiring the right talent, orienting him/her to the organization, making a new employee feel
comfortable, training employees in order to constantly upgrade their skills, retaining employees and
making employees self sufficient and prepare them for adverse conditions.
III.APPRECIATE THE EMPLOYEES
A manager must recognize the employees with knowledge and skills and encourage them to use
their abilities. Organization and managers should recognize their successful business which this
success depends on human capital and

Reflective Essay On Management Skills
As a college student, I was unware of the steps I've taken that could hinder or improve the growths of
my management skills. The new insights gained from these assignments conducted have enlightened
my understanding of myself by overseeing my management skills ability through I've made that
place me in varieties of scenarios. The assignments have not only enlightened me, but it has provided
me the advantage of being well–informed of my strengths and weaknesses. Although many of the
assessments have concluded the result that I've expected to obtain, there were three specific
exercises that have shockingly raised my level of conscious about myself that I wasn't aware of
before or that I highly disagree with. First, in the chapter six assessment we learned about managing
small business startups. This "Do You Think Like anEntrepreneur?" assessment measures the
likelihood of me becoming an entrepreneur. The self–assessment questions to some aspect of
improvisation, which is a correlate of entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurial improvisation
consists of three elements such as creativity, ingenuity, and the ability to produce novel solutions
under constrained conditions. Successful entrepreneurs also have the ability to work well under
pressure while also having action, persistence, and the determination to achieve goals and solve
problems in the moment. Based on my personality, I would have assumed that I would was not fit to
be entrepreneur because although, I am always

Essay on Philosophy of Management
Every manager must have a set of principles, values, and core beliefs that he must follow. These
principles, values, and beliefs make up his philosophy of management. Webster defines
philosophy as "the most basic beliefs, concepts, and attitudes of an individual or group." (Webster)
I will be discussing the principles, values, and beliefs I as a manager will have to do my job
efficiently. I will also discuss the different biblical beliefs that support my management style. I
believe in a directive and conceptual decision style. When there is a small problem that requires a
quick solution, I would use the directive decision style. This would be similar to a problem that I
would have already dealt with in the past. For larger obstacles...show more content...
A manager is not a babysitter to his staff, and he should not shadow his employees. If there is a
dispute between two employees at the workplace, the manager should let the employees resolve
it themselves. If that dispute fails to get resolved and starts to affect the performance of others,
then the manager needs to resolve the dispute for them. This may entail firing the employees
involved in the dispute. Adults at the workplace should be able to resolve disputes themselves
without any intervention from the employer. I am going to provide a scenario and what the
manager should do in the scenario. Scenario: A long time employee, Fred, with a perfect
attendance record suddenly doesn't show up to work for an entire week. Fred doesn't notify the
employer of the reason for his absence. The employer tries to contact Fred without any success.
The employer then promotes one of his other employees, Mark, to the position that Fred had.
After a week Fred returns back to work only to find out that Mark is doing his job. Fred tries to
explain to the manager that his father died and he was too devastated to answer the manager's
calls to him. What should the manager do now? In this scenario, the manager should let Mark
keep his promotion and give Fred Mark's old job. Fred should have notified his manager of his leave
if he wanted to keep his position. It would be hard to remove Mark's promotion

Management Essay examples
DROP BOX ASSIGNMENT #1
CHAPTER 1– Pg. 26 1. Identify and describe a great manager. What makes him or her stand out
from the crowd?
I believe a great manager is someone who can deal with any situation in a professional manner and
at the same time make sure his workers are taken care of. What I believe makes a great manager
stick out from the crowd, is their personality and their relationship with their subordinates. If you see
that the workers are happy, then that says something about their management. 2. Have you ever seen
or worked for an ineffective manager? Describe the causes and the consequences of the
ineffectiveness
I have personally worked with an ineffective manager. I believe the manager did not care about his
work...show more content...
Once the customer is sold, they speak with a personal banker to get set up.
5. Name a great organization. How do you think management contributes to making it great?
A great organization I feel is 24 Hour Fitness. I feel that the management allows their trainers to do
what they do best, thus making happy workers and happy customers 6. Name an ineffective
organization. What can management do to improve it?
Walmart to me seems to be an ineffective organization, just because the people who work there do
not seem happy. I feel like people in general shop there because it's inexpensive, but I feel
management should care more about their workers. Maybe a pay increase, or more breaks.
PAMS– Pg. 27–29
My total score was 1,068. I feel that I need some improvement on my management skills. I need to
learn to be more assertive and not so lenient when it comes to completing tasks on time.
APPENDIX A– Pg. 40 1. How does today's business world compare with the one of 40 years ago?
What is the difference about today, and what is not so different?
We are far more advance in today's business world than 40 years ago. One major difference in
today's business world, is that women are in high positions and CEO's of companies. That was rare
40 years ago. 2. What is scientific management? How might today's organization use it?
Scientific management was an approach to see what were people's strengths

School Management
SCHOOL MANAGEMENT
ANS 1 –
Definition of School Management
The term 'management' encompasses an array of different functions undertaken to accomplish a task
successfully. In the simplest of terms, management is all about 'getting things done'. However, it is
the way and the process of how one achieves ones target or goals and it is in this respect that
management is considered an art and a science as well.
Management comprises planning,organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling an
organization (a group of one or more people or entities) or effort for the purpose of accomplishing a
goal. Resourcing encompasses the deployment and manipulation of human resources, financial
resources, technological resources, and natural...show more content...
* Organizing: (Implementation) making optimum use of the resources required to enable the
successful carrying out of plans. * Staffing: Job analyzing, recruitment, and hiring individuals for
appropriate jobs. * Leading/Directing: Determining what needs to be done in a situation and getting
people to do it. * Controlling/Monitoring: Checking progress against plans. * Motivation: Motivation
is also a kind of basic function of management, because without motivation, employees cannot work
effectively. If motivation doesn't take place in an organization, then employees may not contribute to
the other functions (which are usually set by top level management).
Hierarchy of Management
The management of a large organization may have about five levels: 1. Senior management (or "top
management" or "upper management") 2. Middle management 3. Low–level management, such as
supervisors or team–leaders 4. Foreman 5. Rank and File
Definition of School Administration
the system of rules, punishments and behavioral strategies appropriate to the regulation of children
and the maintenance of order in schools. Its aim is to create a safe and conducive learning
environment in the classroom.
School administration has two main goals: (1) ensure the safety of staff and students, and (2) create
an environment conducive to learning. Serious student misconduct involving violent or criminal
behavior defeats these goals and often makes headlines in the process.

What is Management? Essay
Essay 1: What is Management?
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role and function of management in society and the
workforce and to look into how it is implemented. Three main questions will be discussed, outlining,
"What is management? aWhat do managers do? And what skills do managers need?" We will define
management as a profession, look into what managers undertake and deliver in their daily output of
work, different levels of management, and what skills managers need in order to produce the desired
beneficial outcome for their organization.
What is Management?
To begin with lets look at management through the last 30 years. In 1980 management was defined
by Dale S. Beach, The management of people at work (1980, p5), as 'The...show more content...
It could be said that the idea of having both of these methods is both ineffective and inefficient as
they clash on how a manager should go about his/her job, but Mintzberg's model is a more in depth
version of Fayol's model, that takes into consideration the wide variety of daily activities a manager
must perform, not just a basic input/output/review scheme. A Study from the University of Nebraska
by Fred Luthans challenges both Fayol's and Mitzberg's models and puts forward a new concept.
This concept being that there are 4 main roles a manager must undertake, those being
Communication, Traditional management, human resource management and networking (Luthans,
1988). Looking at all three of these models we can depict some similarities; that being that all
models include the basic premise of planning, organizing and implementing, leading and
motivating subordinates and then reviewing progress of both the project as a whole and employee
output and work satisfaction. Depending on a manager's responsibilities held, there are different
levels of management; top manager, middle manager and first level (front line) manager. In
relation to what each of these levels of manager do, front line managers will automatically be more
involved in leading and motivating as their main purpose is to supervise and make sure the job is
being done. Middle managers will be heavily involved in organizing and implementing as they will
delegate to the front line managers what must be done

Management Planning Essay
The best way to understand the meaning of planning in the perspective of scientific management,
is to follow Taylor (1998, p.17): "The work of every workman is fully planned out by the
management at least one day in advance, and each man receives in most cases complete written
instructions, describing in detail the task which he is to accomplish, as well as the means to be
used in doing the work. And the work planned in advance in this way constitutes a task which is to
be solved, as explained above, not by the workman alone, but in almost all cases by the joint effort
of the workman and the management. This task specifies not only what is to be done but how it is to
be done and the exact time allowed for doing it"....show more content...
Assuming a correct execution of the task by the worker, the efficiency of the final result depends
heavily on the planning activity. That explains the vision of Taylor that in performing any activity
there is always one best way, and the task of management is to find this one best way to do the
task (Taylor, 1998). Henry Fayol enriched the meaning of planning by considering it one of the five
basic functions of management, at the company level. Changing the level of operation changes the
span of time, from several days to several months, up to one year. Planning became a complex
process which integrates at the level of organization all activities plans, and is based on the whole
company resources and objectives. Yet, planning remains a deterministic process, implemented as a
definite way to perform all activities related to the given objevtives.
The planning process
Planning is a process which integrates activities for setting objectives, specifying how to achieve
them, implementing the plan and evaluating the results (Boddy, 2005; Robbins and DeCenzo, 2005).
Objectives are definite formulations of goals, which reflect desired future states of the organization.
Goals act as attractors for the whole energy and creativity of the organization, and it is the role of
management to design plans in order to attain them. A plan is a written document which contains
one or more

Micromanagement
Submitted by
Thomas Krell
Prepared for
MNGT 5000
Table of Contents
Abstract......................................................................................................3
Introduction.................................................................................................4
The Directing Leadership Style...........................................................................4
Micromanagement and the Directing Leadership Style...............................................6
Reasons for Micromanagement...........................................................................6
Alternative Leadership Styles.............................................................................7
The Participative Leadership Style.......................................................................8
The Delegating Leadership Style.........................................................................9
The Transformational Leadership Style..................................................................9
The Transactional Leadership Style.....................................................................10
Mitigating Micromanagement............................................................................11...show more
content...
This can result in a feeling of resentment towards management and slows the pace of work because
employees must wait for the micromanager to make decisions for them. Furthermore,
micromanagers do not instill leadership qualities in their subordinates. This could result in the
creation of a hostile work environment between subordinates and leaders because employees do not
have the appropriate space to learn and grow. A more dangerous aspect of micromanagement is
being abusive towards employees. Autocratic managers should be cautious not to issue threats, yell
or use abusive language towards their employees. This kind of behavior is unprofessional and could
reflect badly on the reputation of the manager and lead to disruptions in the office place, and worse,
a hostile working environment.
Although considered the least desirable by most subordinates and managers alike, there is a time
and a place for the directing style. For instance; if a manager is given a task in which there is not
enough time to explain all of the details or if a manager has a new team or a team of inexperienced
subordinates who do not have the training to accomplish goals unsupervised (FM 22–100). Directing
employees does allow for maximum control by allowing managers to, "Constantly correct, guide,
advise, counsel and mentor (Rao, 2008)" employees. However, the skilled manager

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