African American Essay Topics

African American Literature And Literature Essay
African American literature is the body of work produced in the United States by writers of African
descent. This particular genre traces back to the works from the late eighteenth century by writers
such as Phillis Wheatley to later reaching early high points with slave narratives and the Harlem
Renaissance, and thus continuing today with authors such as Colson Whitehead and Maya Angelou.
Among the themes and issues explored within African American literature are the roles of African
Americans within the larger American society, African–American culture, racism, slavery, and
equality. African American writing has also tended to incorporate oral forms such as spirituals,
gospel music, jazz, and rap. Dating back to the pre–Revolutionary War period, African American
writers have engaged in a creative dialogue with American letters. The result is a literature rich in
culture and social insight. These pieces offer illuminating assessments of American identities as well
as its history. Since the time of early slavery African American literature has been overlooked within
the literature criticism. This essay thrives to show that within the English profession African
American literature does belong alongside the great works such as A Christmas Carol by Charles
Dickens and poetry as A Road less taken by Robert Frost. I will dive deep into history to not only
investigate what critics think about African American literature, but why is it not held to a higher
standard just as American
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African American Civil Rights Essay
Leo Dold
USH – Maloney
March 5 2016
Civil Rights In the United States
African Americans in the United States had struggling for equal rights since the end of the Civil
War. Although the North's victory in the civil war was a step towards freedom, it in no way granted
African Americans civil rights. Institutions such as the Jim Crow Laws reinforced racial inequality
even after reconstruction. They served to segregate the races and promoted an inherently unequal
system. African Americans fought to their best abilities for civil rights during the Reconstruction
period after the civil war. Despite this, the Civil rights movement only began to gain momentum in
the 1950s because of the Great Migration, World War II, and the NAACP's victory in Brown
...show
more content...
Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas that became the most important momentum builder for the
civil rights movement (Plessy v. Ferguson to Brown v. Board of Education: The Supreme Court
Rules on School Desegregation). In 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court overturned the "separate but
equal" doctrine previously established by the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling that took place more than
50 years prior. In declaring that segregated schools were inherently unequal, the Brown v. Board
of Education decision opened a floodgate for more attacks on southern Jim Crow laws.
Empowered by Brown, blacks such as Rosa Parks lit the first sparks of real protest that led to the
desegregation of public facilities. With African American civil rights leaders such as Martin Luther
King Jr. and Malcom X, The nation made great strides towards opening the doors of education to all
students. With court orders and active enforcement of federal law, Integration would continue into
the late

Argumentative Essay On African Americans
If the Democrats had not kept the status quo from 1964 till now, blacks would have been far better
off socially, economically and without a doubt there would be far less blacks incarcerated. It was
not the Republicans who labeled African Americans as "Super–Predators." The Democrats, Hillary
and her philandering husband Bill Clinton desperately wanted to bring blacks to heel, so they
created a crime bill that not only returned blacks to the back of the bus... but, the Dems threw them
under it as well. In this 2016 election, Hillary and Bernie both have been preaching how the black
man is being incarcerated unjustly. Completely ignoring that it was their parties bill, along with
Hillary's enthusiastic, pom–pom waving, support that lead...show more content...
The real shame is African Americans don't even realize that they are just as much a slave now as
they were before President Lincoln and the Democrats only acknowledge their subjugated children
every four years. For the record if Hillary wins this election on November 9th she will denounce the
BLM movement as a terror group and once again bring African Americans to

Essay On African American Studies
African American Studies is a very complex subject. To confuse African American studies with
black history is a common occurrence. African American studies is much deeper and more
profound than just Black history alone. There are many unanswered and unasked questions among
the Black American culture which causes confusion and misunderstanding in modern day society.
In unit one there were many themes, concepts, and significant issues in the discipline of Africana
studies. Both W.E.B Du Bois and Vivian V. Gordan touched on many concerns. W.E.B Du Bois
"The souls of Black Folks" touches on issues of the black community and being considered a
"problem". African Americans are not only considered a problem in today's world, but also in the
late 1800's and early 1900's. W. E. B Du Bois once said "the problem of the Twentieth Century is the
problem of the color–line." (p. 13) Being a part of the black scholar community one has to
understand the difference between complexity of blackness and black genius. As a member of the
black community one should not feel as though we are the problem, but the solution to an issue.
Vivian V. Gordan...show more content...
Being there was no legitimate definition of the course it was not taken seriously at Universities.
Many question surfaces such as the value of Black studies and its use. Black studies were designed
to create the next generation of scholars through transfer of knowledge for not just African American
students but for all. To suggest Black Studies is only for black students is to set meaningless limits
upon a discipline with limitless potential. All students should be encouraged to partake in Black
Studies programs. An understanding of the black experience is authoritative in a nation where the
Afro–American composes a meaningful minority and there is an increased importance upon a united
but culturally diversifies

African Americans And African American Community
As seen through time, African–Americans have been at a disadvantage when it comes to accessing
funds that are available to most people. This however has not stopped them from creating and
accessing help that supports and aids their families. Through communal efforts, African–Americans
have been able to create mutual aid for themselves. In these communities, there are many sectors that
have been built, but the main reason many are "making it" or able to afford and do what they are
currently doing is through the help of the various communities and organizations that came about.
Throughout each decade there have been forms of aid created solely for African Americans. Before
slavery, when African Americans were still in Africa, the communities were thriving economically
and socially. Africa produced a plethora of advanced civilizations. Although Europeans like to credit
themselves for the spread of Christianity, Christianity was in Ethiopia long before the Europeans
came. As one can see through time, church is an important communal and distinctive quality of the
African American community. In his book, West African Religion: A Study of the Beliefs and
Practices of Akan, Ewe, Yoruba, Ibo, and Kindred Peoples, Geoffrey Parrinder explains, "Africa had
a history, long before the Europeans came to our shores... Religion is a fundamental, perhaps the
most important, influence in the life of most Africans" (Parrinder 1). African Americans already had
the support system of a church

Narrative Essay On African American Culture
As Americans, we are privileged with diverse experiences. With this comes a perceived
understanding of many cultures and their influences but in fact full cultural literacy is impossible to
achieve.
My grandfather was born and raised in the backwoods of Louisiana during a turbulent time for
African Americans. As a black man he lived in perpetual danger. Throughrace riots, physical
exploitation, and attempted rape, he has developed a much different opinion about gun reform
than mine. So much so that my mother carries the many of the same opinions. My great aunt, on
my grandfather's side, was a beautiful woman in her time. She was a tall 5'5 with long french hair
that rested in little curls at the ends. Her skin was a light coffee color much like mine. Her facial
features displayed an uncharacteristically delicate quality for her environment. she was a nexus for
all types of attention, good and bad. When she was at the ripe age of sixteen a man, almost twice
her age arrived to the front porch. He intended to inquire about a date. when the doorbell rang he
crooked a sly smile, not expecting to be greeted by the stoic face of my great grandfather. My great
grandmother exact words were something like "That burly man weren't expecting your grand
daddy. His smiled dropped so quick you could feel the breeze." I can...show more content...
Think of culture as a type of language. Like language culture is made up of many different sub sets.
Now imagine that each one of those subsets are constantly adding something new or replacing parts
of the language. What if English had perpetually evolving influences. At one moment it's Spanish
roots become more prevalent and you're expected to roll your r's. Then the Germanic influence
replaces the Spanish and then another influence replaces that one. The point is one cannot speak a
language made up of words that are constantly changing and or popping out of

Essay On African Americans
Owning a business as an african american is an outstanding accomplishment. Independent success
in the african american community proves what can be done with no interference from any
external factors. A study was conducted showing that employers are less likely to respond to
inquiries on jobs and resumes with a stereotypical "black name" on it. This study proves that many
fail to give African Americans a chance to prove themselves and are willing to do anything to keep
african americans down. A primary example of this is the destruction of Black Wall Street. The
blacks living in that area were doing well for themselves, having ownership of every business in that
neighborhood including movie theaters, hotels, cafes, banks, and etc. This all...show more content...
Brent Staples recounts his experience taking a walk in his neighborhood one night in his writing
Just Walk On By: Black Men and Public Space. Staples was walking behind a woman when she
seemed to flash a look of worry upon seeing him. She picked up her pace and fled in an attempt to
escape from what she thought could have been a dangerous situation. He states "It was clear that
she thought herself the quarry of a mugger, rapist, or worse." Richard Price, a white man, recalls
the experience he had observing the work of two white police officers in the podcast, Got You
Pegged. The car of officers drive past a black man with dreads riding a bicycle. This man
happened to have a young white kid sitting on the handlebars of his bike. The cops discuss the
situation and come to a conclusion that the man looks a bit suspicious, so they stop the man and
ask for his identification. They separate the kid from the man and ask him some questions. The
cops are informed by the child that this man is his mother's boyfriend. Upon hearing that the child
and the man are quite close, they ask the child "Do you do anything else with him?" He then shows
the child his badge and says, "...you can tell me anything you want, and you'll be perfectly safe." At
this point, the cop is convinced that the child has been abused by this

Reflection On African American History
Over the course of this semester, I was introduced to many people, ideas, writings, and discussions
that sparked my interest and enlightened me on African American history. However, I feel like this
was just the beginning of my journey of learning the history of my people, as there is still so much
out there to be brought to the surface. Prior to taking this course, I was always ignorant on the topic
of African American history and simply made the connection to slavery. Additionally, I was unaware
of other black activist, movements, and struggles that I had the chance to witness for the first time in
this class. I came to a realization of how deprived of this information I was, because other historic
events have been deemed more important. A quote that stuck with me throughout the course that
was made by Arthur Schomburg was, "... African history and negro history, are the missing pages of
world history". At the start of this semester we discuss an issue that has poisoned the dynamic of
society in the United States since the beginning, white supremacy. For centuries, members of the
white community have simply used the color of their skin to attain and remain in power. In my
opinion, those that use their white privilege to partake in white supremacy are the only ones who
benefit from this poison. White supremacy continues to be fueled in the United States, and plays
just as big of a factor in today's world as it did many years ago. There is no retaliation for uproars or

African American Conclusion
In conclusion, I love my Latino and African American people. Of course I see the division
between us, but refuse to let it happen. So when I do see that a Latino or African American is the
minority at a location I go up to them and try to make them feel as comfortable as they can in the
place they're at. I'm all about the: Black & Brown Unity because I've always felt a real connection
with the African American Community. I think that Latinos and African American are the closest
related so why shouldn't we stick together. I think we would be stronger if we stick together and if
we get passed this "envy" that we have with each other, good changes can happen in United States
for us. Honestly Latinos and African Americans have always been attacked

african american Essay
Chapter 4
Rising Expectations:
African Americans and the Struggle
For Independence, 1763– 1783
The Rising Expectation of the African Americans and the struggle for Independence was a great
thing for blacks they started rise up over slavery, they made a big impact in the wars, and they got the
Declaration of Independence from Thomas Jefferson.
I. The Crisis of the British Empire
1) The Great struggle.
2) The two empires Great Britain and France.
3) The independence movement and the rising of hope for black's freedom.
4) In 1689, the British and French fought in many wars.
A) Europe
B)...show more content...
A) In early 1774 Boston sent more troops in the city to punish economically.
14) In September 1774 the Continental Congress met in Philadelphia.
15) By November 1774 the Massachusetts Minutemen made a military
II. The Declaration of Independence and African Americans.
1) The Declaration of Independence that the Continental Congress adopted on July 4, 1776.
A) It was drafted by a slaveholder in a slave owning country.
B) Thomas Jefferson wrote "that all men are created equal;"
C) Men like Thomas Jefferson and John Adams served on the draft committee.
D) Jefferson, Adams, and Benjamin Franklin submitted the draft declaration.
E) The British aroused African Americans to revolt against their masters.
F) Jefferson and the other delegates did not mean to encourage African American.
G) Black people were in attendance when Patriot speakers made unqualified claims.
H) Most white people would not deny that black individuals were human beings.
I) The literal meaning of the Declaration, which meant changing American society.
J) The revolutionary ideology that supported their claims for independence.
II a. The Impact of

Brief Summary: The History Of African Americans
The History of African– Americans The first enslaved Africans arrived in the United States in the
17th Century. Africans shared their culture such as music and dances. As African–Americans we
inherited those values. Many African– Americans do not believe we cannot trace ourselves back to
African Ancestry. During slavery, it was known to not to know family history or where you were
from. Slave owners did not want their slaves having close relationships with their mother or father,
often trying to break them up. Slave owners wanted African Americans to believe they were nothing
and were not a part of anything or anyone. In the early 17th century, European settlers in North
American turned to African slaves as a cheaper alternative to servants poorer than Europeans. During
the 18th century the amount of slaves increased rapidly and were imported to America, also known
as the New World. After the American Revolution, many colonists felt slavery was unimportant to
the economy. As a result of that slavery continued to grow in the South and...show more content...
Just like other races such as Caucasian and European. Culturally African– Americans have come
together as a community to make things happen such as having the first African– American
president Barack Obama in the year of 2009. African – Americans wanted Americans and theUnited
States to understand that we as Blacks can achieve important things also. We want America also to
understand that we have come a long way throughout history. Socially African Americans has a
significant role in America. As African– Americans we make sure that we are involved in Congress,
Voting, and Education. As African
– Americans we want individuals to understand we take part in
things and issues just like everyone

The African American Experience
The African American experience is one that is quite different from other racial/ ethnic groups.
The majority of the first African American came over, unwillingly, on ships from various African
countries. They were brought to America by white, European settlers to be used as slaves in an
order to plant and harvest their crops and make money for the white man. This racial group was
treated as if they were property and not people. However, with the ending of the American Civil
War, African Americans gained freedom, freedom that not all white American were quite ready to
handle. After gaining their freedom came the need for education, jobs and suffrage rights. Now in
America this racial group has come a long way, having elected its first African American present for
two terms, yet still there are many issues that are very prevalent. This racial group has been fighting
their way to equality since the birth of this nation. African Americans have experienced an array of
conflict, violence, stereotypes, prejudice acts, and discrimination against them throughout their
history in America. There are many questions that a researcher can explore to paint a grander
depiction of this racial group. This research paper will be examining three aspects of African
American culture by evaluating and analyzing three distinct questions, that all simultaneously relate
to the prejudice mentality, stereotyping and discrimination of African American people in theUnited
states of America. The

African American History Essay
African American History During my early years of school, I remember being taught white
accomplishments and wondering if blacks and other people of color had made any significant
contributions to today's world. I noticed that television consist of all white people. Throughout my
research paper I hope to cover certain aspects of African American heritage. Aspects such as blacks
making up the largest minority group in the United States, although Mexican–Americans are rapidly
changing that. The contributions blacks have provided to our country are immeasurable.
Unfortunately though rather than recognizing these contributions, white America would rather focus
on oppressing and degrading these people. As a consequence American...show more content...
Individuality was not stressed but rather the importance of the extended family. I believe that African
Americans suffering through the hardships of slavery strengthened the idea of kinship even further.
The unity of the African culture became strong due to a series of trials and tribulations. The
majority of the slaves were employed in agricultural areas in the South. By the mid–19th century, a
large number of slaves worked in urban areas as well, and about 5% worked in more industrial
occupations. The hours of the slave workers were long. The average life expectancy of African
slaves was at least 12% lower than whit Americans in 1850 and the infant mortality rate was 25%
higher for slaves. Oftentimes slave marriages and families dissolved due to separation. This concept
is horrible when you take under consideration that family was the entire basis of African culture.
Although frequent separation occurred slaves were very careful to pass on the surnames of their
black family of origin to their children. Kinship again is an importance in African society. Although
the first steps towards in improvements for African–American culture began in the North, social and
economic conditions didn't improve much at all. The racial attitudes of whites were still obvious
among the white society. Laws banning interracial marriage and voting among free blacks
accompanied every northern state emancipation. These laws were supposedly designed to

Persuasive Essay On African American Education
Introduction
Much of America's past is a controversial subject that many Americans would like to remain an
untold history. Americans like to believe that damaging events like slavery and state–sponsored
oppression took place lifetimes ago, and that we have proudly moved on together as a nation.
However, the belief that these events are exclusively in the past and that we are a new, more
open–minded society is seeing history through a white racial lens. It is easy for a white in the United
States to say that the past should be left in the past. Yet, for minority racial groups, specifically
African Americans, the past still has staggering effects on their people today. One formal system
where white Americans greatly exceed African Americans is in the quality ofeducation. Both in the
past and now, whites have enjoyed a much higher education standard than African Americans.
Whites seem to have greater funding, more dedicated teachers, higher qualities of materials, better
infrastructure, and much more. This issue must be better addressed. With the current system, the
United States is losing the potential opportunity for its African American citizens to excel. My hope
is that you will discover through the information I provide that our education system still is unequal.
Mrs. DeVos, you can use your power to help African Americans through funding, fighting
discrimination, and collecting unbiased, truthful data.
Early History
In early America, African slaves received no formal

Essay On Racism Towards African Americans
Society is quick to believe that racism is over, especially racism towards African–Americans. The
idea of racism being present in this day and age is constantly swatted away with, "Our president is
black!" Who are they to say how we, as African–Americans, feel? If someone, or a group of people,
feels and states that you have hurt them, then you are not allowed to say that you didn't. Rather
than empathizing, society tends to blame the oppressed for being so sensitive, or to work harder.
No one should have to do anything just to reserve a right to be treated with equal respect. The lack
of respect for the basic rights of a human being has seeped into the police departments across the
United States. Police officers throughout the country have...show more content...
They've been stigmatized since the Europeans uprooted them and brought them to the United States
as slaves. These slaves were considered trivial property of the highest bidder. The Constitutional
Convention of 1787 enacted the Three–Fifths Compromise to pacify the southerners. They
demanded that their slaves should be counted along with the rest of their free population. The
three–fifths rule allowed southern states to count three–fifths of each of their slaves when
determining the population regarding political representation in the House. Nearly a century after
the Emancipation Proclamation, where black men, women, and children were finally considered free
people, they remained treated unequal. In 1896, the Plessy v. Ferguson decision ruled that public
facilities were constitutionally allowed to enforce racial segregation. The U.S. Supreme Court
warranted state–sanctioned discrimination against colored people. The laws that prohibited colored
people from sharing these public places such as bathrooms, public transportation, classrooms,
theatres and other establishments were referred to as Jim Crow Laws. In 1954, the U.S. Supreme
Court fortunately overturned the "separate but equal" doctrine. African Americans have had to fight
for true equality and respect ever since they were brought here against their will. They are still
fighting till this

Essay On African American Education
Throughout history, African American weren't considered the smartest race on earth. With slavery
and being for bided to ever touch or learn to read a book, African American became the race that
envy having an education. Education became a prime factor in the African American culture. Having
an education to an African is having the one–way ticket out of the terrible streets. They believe that
if they don't know nothing they won't get nothing. In other word, if they aren't educated their life
would remain the same. Way back toslavery, African American would be beaten if they were to
open a book and dare to read it instead of cleaning it. For many years, African American had to
fought for the right to a proper education. From Havin to walk long walks to attend black only
school to being able to...show more content...
In each year from 1998 through 2000 there was a 1%–point decline in the graduation rate for black
men. But for the past 4 years the graduation rate for black men increase by a 1% point and now
stand at a 35%. This year the college graduation rate for black women rose by one percentage point
to 46%. With many years of hard work African American thrive for a better education ignoring the
statistic that states that 9.6% of African American would drop out of high school. African American
prove that they can achieve and will achieve. In America, we are told that it is the land where
everything and anything is possible. For many years, it wasn't like that for African American. With
many hard work, strength, and courage African American manage to earn the right to an education.
To the African American community education became more of a need than a want. We've learn
that education is such a powerful asset that with it you are unstoppable. You can do so much if you
put your time and energy to it. Having an education to African American is the one hope for a
brighter and better

Being African American Student Essay
Being an African American student in a college that is predominantly Caucasian can be a little
intimidating. First, you are constantly busy with activities such as coursework, socializing with
newly encountered students, and determining the most advantageous mode of communication with
professors. While these activities consume considerable time, one must still contemplate
extra–curricular activities that will optimize their academic declared field of study specifically;
seeking and obtaining a professional internship at a prestigious organization or within a respectable
cooperative education program. All these different actions require concentration; therefore, it is
beneficial to be in a college that supports career planning and offers a diverse...show more content...
If NC State is considered above average, schools that are below average have an even lesser
representation of African Americans in their schools. According to the scholarly article "The
African American Student Network: An Exploration of Black Students' Ego Networks at a
Predominantly White Institution" by Tabitha Reed, she states "These negative and pervasive
experiences are taxing and can result in lower levels of energy, satisfaction, and academic success
in the college environment" (p.375). Not only does this cause negative effects academically, but
also it can cause a problem such as making friends outside of your in–group. Though it is difficult to
make friends outside of the in–group, it makes it harder for people to accept different cultures. This
results in a domino effect when it comes to the negative effects that are spread throughout the school.
Levin states "Our results also support earlier contact research suggesting the importance of outgroup
contact, and friendships, for improving ethnic attitudes" (p.87). In summary, the lack of
representation in the school creates a disconnect from African American students who wants their
voices to be heard in the school

Essay on Struggles of African Americans
We live in this nation as a united family but never forgetting our past. We never overlook the
history of the pilgrims who traveled here for their religious freedom, our gain of independence or
of our horrible past about slavery because we know as a nation that those things shape our future
and also guide our future generations to restrain from our past mistakes. As we expand as a nation
one thing that we continue to learn about, is how slavery has engraved a mark on our
neighborhoods, communities and societies. This mark being that of racism and prejudice which is
impossible for our generation to erase and will be for the generations to come. As our ancestors
faced in the past in this united nation, we know that they didn't easily over...show more content...
They were in a way held back by the discrimination they faced to prove to the American society that
they were valuable imparts on the country. Another way the reader views the limitations on the
African American society is when King used the "check" to symbolize how ineffective the
freedom guaranteed by the Emancipation Proclamation was. The reader becomes aware that
though the check is given to them in hopes of using it like everybody else, theirs was always
classified as "insufficient fund". This showing the reader that, though they have the check to prove
their freedom, the idea of being free was only recognized by the African Americans but not the
Caucasian society. King also uses imagery to demonstrate to the reader the struggles they were
trying to overcome. By mentioning children being "stripped of their self hood and robbed of their
dignity by signs stating for white only", King captures the reader's attention because we generally
assume that children have clear mentalities where the issue of color is not recognized but since they
have those signs around them they become conscious of their outer appearance and how society sees
them. We always classify our country as a melting pot, but did it occur to you how our country
finally got to this harmonious state?. We usually take things for granted, that we never realize that our

Reflection On African American Studies
Personal Reflection Introduction to African American Studies was the class that I decided to take
this summer because I am genuinely interested in learning more about the cultures and lifestyles of
African Americans through out history and I want to further my knowledge beyond just learning
about what was taught to me in secondary school. I do not know much about African American
studies as I have not taken any courses on it or relating to it in the past but I hope that I can gain a
lot of information on the topic through out this intellectual experience. I also hope to gain a better
understanding of the history of Africans and African Americas and be able to dive deeper into this
topic instead of just hitting the surface as I feel as though my previous experiences with this topic
have covered. In just this first weeks lesson I have learned about the three great principles that
characterize the "Black Intellectual Tradition" and how these three principles are used and
perceived. During my secondary education experience some of the things that I have learned about
the African or African American experience were the slave trade and slavery of Africans during
early American and that these slaves were used for things like farming, working in mills, and
servants to the rich, all against their will and most without any pay or human rights. I also had
learned about the equality movement in American during the 19th century and the movement to
abolish slavey and how this had lead

African Americans in the Civil War Essay
African Americans in the Civil War
About 180,000 African American people comprised 163 units that served in the Union Army, during
the time of the Civil War, and many more African American people had served in the Union Navy.
Both the free African–Americans and the runaway slaves had joined the fight. On the date of July
17, in the year of 1862, the U. S. Congress had passed two very important acts that would allow the
enlistment of many African Americans, but the official enrollment had occurred only after the
September, 1862, issuance of the, Emancipation Proclamation. In general, most white soldiers and
officers, had believed that most of the black men, who had served in the Civil War, lacked the
courage, and the will to fight...show more content...
The 1st Kansas Colored's, which had held the center of the Union line, were able to advance their
status, to within around fifty paces from the Confederate line, and they had exchanged gunfire for
around twenty minutes, until the Confederates, had finally broke and ran. General James Blunt, of
the Union, had wrote after the battle, "I had never seen such fighting as was done by the Negro
regiment. The only question that the Negroes, will be able fight has been settled, and besides they
make better soldiers in every other respect, than any of the troops, that I have ever had under my
own command."
The most widely known battle which was fought by many African American soldiers, was the assault
on Fort Wagner, in the southern state of South Carolina, by the 54th Massachusetts, on the date of
July 18, 1863. The 54th Massachusetts had volunteered to lead the assault, on the strongly–fortified
Confederate grounds. The soldiers of the 54th Massachusetts, had been able to scale Fort Wagner's,
parapet, or military barricade, and then they were only driven back, after the brutal hand–to–hand
combat.
Although many of the Negro soldiers had proved themselves as very reputable soldiers, the
discrimination in pay, and in many other areas, had remained very widespread. According to the
notable Militia Act of 1862, all soldiers of any African descent, were to only receive $10.00 a
month, plus

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