Nsa Surveillance

Nsa Surveillance
Sharath Thomas
Professor Hugetz
ENGL 1301.08
05 April 2016
NSA Surveillance – Constitutional or Unconstitutional The US Constitution came to life 230 years
ago, but recent actions of the National Security Agency is interpreted to be defying the Bill of Rights
by the government and depriving the citizens their constitutional right to privacy. However, when
posed with the question: Do people want to live in a surveillanced environment like animals in a
zoo, with justice and safety ensured but privacy denied completely ? , the answers vary in the
community. The revelation of the National Security Agency's massive ... Show more content on
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9). Judge Pauley, while ruling over the Smith v. Maryland case in the Supreme Court stated: " a
person has no legitimate expectation of privacy in information he voluntarily turns over to third
parties"(USAToday par. 2–3). Many other citizens believe that the NSA's actions are
unconstitutional. These actions are considered to be a political stunt for hiding all of military
business from the public while the government has its open eye on the citizens. Some worry that
though the surveillance plan sounds good, persons and companies highly misuse the metadata for
their own use. Another dilemma this surveillance poses is the fact that, the government has
information about all private transactions and bank records and cards of its citizens. The NSA
intrudes into the private lives of the citizens, which in turn takes away the freedom and control the
citizens have under the Fourth Amendment of the constitutional rights. The civilians believe that the
government is bullying them by prying into their privacy. Mr. Jim Bradford, author of "The Body of
Secrets" claims that NSA and government together bend the Fourth Amendment: " Created a
structure to allow the government to do this kind of eavesdropping legally"(Michele par. 13). To
conclude, many people have the stand that Constitutional rights should not be sacrificed for any
reason. While others say, NSA surveillance should not be
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Global Privacy… Are You Being Watched?? Essay
Global Privacy... Are You Being Watched??
Introduction
Privacy has grown to become an intensely complex and important human rights topic in the
information age. The right to privacy underlines human dignity. One of the first privacy laws can be
traced back hundreds of years, to 1361, when England enacted the Justice of the Peace Act, which
allowed the arrest of eavesdroppers and peeping toms.1
About every country in the world explicitly recognizes a right of privacy in their constitution,
allowing people to have a right to home communication secrecy and inviolability at the very least.
Although the right to privacy is not explicitly documented in the United States', Ireland's or India's
Constitution, it ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
CAPS II is different than a new system that is in proposal. Fortunately, it seems that CAPPS II
intrudes on personal privacy to a very nominal degree. It checks for relatively non–personal data,
such as: if the passenger bought a one–way ticket or if the passenger paid by cash instead of credit
card. The Transportation Security Administration, however, states that the system is outdated and
easily deceived. They are currently proposing improvements to the system, which will check the
passenger's name and information against a database of private data mining companies that collect
very personal information from people for commercial reasons.2 If successful, various countries in
Europe and Asia are likely to adopt a form of the new system. Almost any personal record, including
shopping habits, credit card information, library book checkouts, and Internet page visits can be
observed by the TSA's proposed system.
Practical and Ethical Issues of the New System
A 747 carries almost four hundred people. If two percent of the people who are screened are not
allowed to board their flights, eight people on every flight will have their tickets taken away. It's
simply ludicrous that the TSA believes that eight out of every four hundred people are likely to
commit acts of violence a commercial airplane

9/11 Tragic Analysis
After reviewing the scenario about the tragic events of September 11, 2001 political leaders in the
US believed it was time to come up with a resolution to this problem so that we can ensure the
safety of the American people. After deliberation amongst political leaders USA Patriot Act (Uniting
and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct
Terrorism Act of 2001) was created. The Patriot Act consisted of different topics based on the
benefit and safety of the United States. Topics include enhancing security by investigating crime,
increasing penalites of terrorism cases, limitations on immigrant migration across the boarder.
Sharing information and cooperation among US government agencies so they

Censorship And The Media Of Censorship
Privacy is viewed differently by different people, the same can be said about censorship. Censorship
and privacy do not solely revolve around leaks and personal intrusions from foreign entities. The
advent of social media and cell phones have created new avenues for people to communicate and
share information; The internet provides people a new and global way to spread information that can
be considered worthy of censorship. Many people I know argue that censorship should not be
commonplace in the media, in social media, or even in the entire Internet. Public's right to privacy
and censorship awareness is a very real thing we should come to realize and analyze. Censorship
affects the public in very real ways, it can both aid and deter the spread of propaganda. People need
to consider what type of information is being spread through these outlets. Focused on how people
perceived as such actions with fear and uneasiness, it's fair to note that contrast between censoring
and right to freely spread information. It can lead to an increase in violation claims from those
attitudes. If people feel uncertain about the benefits of censorship, then they are more willing to
point out the flaws in it. The public's view towards the subject matter greatly influences on how well
the issue is addressed in society. It's not only federal and state institutions that may participate in
censoring what goes on the internet, nor is it just the media putting a spin to spread entertaining

Pros And Cons Of Modern Day Privacy
Modern Day Privacy in Today's Digital & Connected World
Pervasiveness of Data
Data is more pervasive than ever. In the new Hyperconnected World underpinned by the Internet of
Things (IoT), people and things are increasingly connected. By 2020, there will be 50 billion
networked devices. As individuals – whether on a personal level or representing their organizations
– communicate and socialize more online and on mobile, a whole new collection of data will
become available. This level of connectivity will have profound social, political and economic
consequences.
The Controversy of Data: Is Privacy Alive?
There is great value in being so networked. In the Telco world, one would perhaps recognize this
even more. For one, the proliferation of OTT apps has provided much convenience to end–users.
Yet, being ultra–networked the way we are is controversial, with privacy fast becoming a hot–button
issue. Indeed, in this age of pervasive computing where billions of connected devices, systems, and
services are exchanging personal data, some have lamented that privacy is dead.
Currently, being connected already means that one's personal data gets captured. At the same time,
the same person probably has his or her search histories tracked, and digital journeys monitored. ...
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Just imagine – connected devices around your homes, offices and as wearable devices on your body
are collecting data that third parties and governments can access. Some IoT applications handle
sensitive information about people, such as their location and motion activity. Other are coupled to
important infrastructures and strategic services such as the water, power, financial services and
traffic

The Digital Of Digital Privacy
The term digital privacy can be defined as or explain as by using digital means protecting
information of private citizens or business, In these days when people try to explain what is digital
privacy mostly they refer to usage of internet or relate with it. This is the technology era, digital
privacy is being discussed in related areas, and addressing related issues according in right direction
drive towards solution and help to secure more data. Digital privacy focuses and depends on the
medium that is used by individuals and business, for example number of internet users do not have
any idea that their activities and information about them regularly being stored. Through computer
internet protocol, (IP) user's activities and database can be accessed and monitored and information
like search and view website history with date and time saved be search engines or servers. In this
age, we can experience instant and dramatic changes and improvements in communication
technology and digitalisation, to get require information become lot easier than before but also on
the other hand to access information and breach of privacy is also being witness and sometimes
technology help to expose abuses.
Current Situation of Digital privacy For Business
Now a days there is competition among the business and it is not easy to stay remain profitable or
maintaining it. Business plans without risk management strategies can Leeds towards disaster and
information security and digital privacy

Finding Clarity In The Obscurity Of “Why Privacy Matters”.
Finding clarity in the obscurity of "Why Privacy Matters"
In his essay "Why Privacy Matters" from The Wilson Quarterly, Jeffrey Rosen offers a compelling
account of the harmful effects of eradicating our privacy. Rosen ventures into several different fields
affected by the ever–growing intrusion of our privacy, offering a rich compendium of illustrations
from the real world. From Monica Lewinsky's fate under her investigation, to a Charles Schwab
employee, Rosen offers a prolific arsenal of incidents where the dignity of privacy is challenged. In
his descriptive examples, Rosen demonstrates a broad expertise within the field by taking his time to
describe a careful characterization of each case by both implying his own personal experience ...
He establishes this connection deliberately for us as readers to be able to understand a concept he
introduces further on in the essay where someone is "judged out of context in a world of short
attention spans" (34). Even in what seems to be a reasonably descriptive breakdown of a
consequence of losing our privacy, Rosen fails to answer what we should do to prevent "being
judged out of context" (34). How can we know how to protect something if not even Rosen himself
knows how to? In his essay Rosen also tries to explain how the cyberspace has contributed to
threaten our privacy; "What had been seen as a physical threat now looked like a more insidious
danger" (34). He offers another vague pool of examples of where our privacy is threatened by
cyberspace, instead of providing a solution to the problem. At the end of this section Rosen claims
that intimate privacy and cyberspace privacy are simply two examples of the same problem: the risk
of being judged out of context in a world of short attention spans, and the harms to dignity that
follow. This explanation to me is far too simple. Is he asking us to stop living in the real world
where short attention spans are a necessity? No, in what seems as just another

What Are The Ethical And Ethical Impact Of Information...
The revolution of information system in today's society has affected exceptionally the way we have
set our living standards. It has invariably increased ethical, social, legal and professional issues that
have been raised in the society from social threats to privacy issue and health related matters. The
study will specifically analyse the impact of ethical, social and legal concerns linked with
information system and how the society is getting affected by it.
The study also reveals that the major technological trends which has led to moral dimensions and
ethical issues of information system with in the society. It is thus, important to recommend and
examine the ways on improving and reducing the effectiveness of social and ethical impacts of
information system. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is true that one of the major reason behind in the challenges posed by electronic commerce and
Internet to the intellectual property and protection of privacy. Various other issues are mainly spread
due to the use of information system includes founding accountability for significance of
information system, setting out values to protect the quality of the system that safeguards the
privacy of individual as well as society, and preserving institutions and values considered important
for the quality of life in today's information society (Baase, 2008).
For future IT professionals, it is important to understand the range of organisation's ethical and legal
responsibilities. Thus, ethical issues in IT differ from general ethical issues in various ways. For
minimising the issues, it is important to given major attention to its implementation tool and laws
related to it.
Purpose of the

Beyond Snowden: A Pragmatic Analysis Of Online Privacy
Today applications downloaded onto cell phones allow access to encrypted messaging for anyone .
While this may seem a step in the right direction for data privacy , there is concern that it also
protects those who have ill intent towards others . In terms of pragmatic analysis both concerns
carry weight . One could say that a state that is safe but monitors small aspects of the individual is
not worth living in , while others could trade individual privacy for guaranteed safety . If the issue
really is a grey area then pragmatic analysis should be the right way to look at this problem . The
following will examine the concerns of both sides , and how pragmatic analysis sees the problem .
The approach that encryption protects malicious ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It would also be protection from warrantless spying in terms of mass data collection . Individual
freedom and privacy online came into question around three years ago when Ex NSA contractor
Edward Snowden exposed data collection practices being used by the NSA. An article titled Beyond
Snowden: an NSA reality check , overreach is a serious concern . While claiming that coverage from
some publications and newspapers is overblown , the intelligence community has had a problem in
the past with being forthcoming ( Hayden , 2014 ). Also , the NSA's abilities have been called into
question in the article titled Spying on Allies . The article brings up times where the legality of the
activities in the NSA come into question , and implications of the United States spying on allied
countries. Upon hearing these accusations against the United states , counties such as Germany ,
Mexico , and Brazil condemned it as a betrayal of sovereignty (Easley , 2014) . With surveillance
being a concern , one may have second thoughts when it comes to using the internet . While there
personal use of encrypted messaging or storage , commercial use of encryption allows companies to
protect their information in a market environment (Samoriski , Huffman , & Trauth , 1997 ) . In the
paper Encryption and the First Amendment , it is stated that in 1890 the two men Samuel Warren
and Louis Brandies claim that the right to privacy is inherent in the United States constitution . The
claim stated that since the fourth amendment protected citizens from unreasonable search and
seizure , that it is a defense of one's right to privacy (Samoriski , Huffman , & Trauth , 1997 ) . An
example given by the paper is the case Berger vs. New York . In this case charges were dropped
because the court ruled that an unwarranted intrusion had happened , and that it violated the

The Imperative Compromise For Security
The Imperative Compromise for Security
If people ask a teenager "what is the best description for the reason that you do something that your
parents would disapprove of ", and the service will inform you that 89% of teenagers answered with
"I'm just pursuing my freedom and my ability to do what I want to do"(imom.com). There are many
of times when kids and teenagers tend to challenge their parents or any other people who expect to
limit or supervise them because their obstinate desire of freedom, and their uncomfortableness of
being inspected. The argument between the supervision of parents to children is always a vivid
metaphor to the supervision of government to citizens. The government monitors its citizens as a
mother monitors ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
People generally have a lack of awareness about their privacy, and it puts them in dangerous
situations when their personal information is not protected by a third party. Kim Kardashian, a
reality television female celebrity who has almost 50 million followers on twitter, has been robbed
during the Paris Fashion Show at her apartment in Paris. According to the police, the robbers gather
her information from her social media to locate her because Kim Kardashian posts almost
everything about her luxury life online (CNN.com). The purpose of Kardashian is to share her life
moments with her fans. However, what she does not know is that her followers do not only include
her fans, but also the potential criminals who intend to utilize her personal life to attack her. People
gibe at Kardashian because they believe that she gets what she deserves due to her habit of showing
off, nonetheless, lots of people do similar things with Kim Kardashian every day. When people post
their daily life online, they are exposing their privacy. The enormous internet world will out of
control if the social media platform is unable to monitor people's online activities, which happened
in Kardashian's case that privacy makes her become a target because her lack of awareness about the
potential dangers. Beside the fact that people tend to release their information unconsciously on
social media; privacy is also accessible to the criminals because it is not difficult for them to trick
and deceive people's privacy in various ways. As an identity thief, Aguilar has been taken the
security shortage of the use of QR code to commit their crime, and what they have done just scan
the QR code to purchase items in your name (Kvoa.com). According to the interview of some of the
victims, they cannot even imagine that their

Thesis Statement On Monitoring Social Media
This was the Edward Snowden nsa during his interview with Glenn Greenwald in Lauren Poitras'
documentary Citizen Four. These quotes will be the basis for my thesis.
Social media like Facebook and Twitter have become more and more popular in recent times. Their
popularity is creating new opportunities for data collection performed by the state and private
companies like Google and Facebook. The point of this exercise is to outline a theoretical
framework for defining monitoring social media in the context of today's society and understand its
broader societal implications.
Many today live under the opinion that we share and do online is private to a certain extent, but it is
the question: is it really? On Facebook you can choose if you fancy a closed or public profile. Is
your profile public, so can the anyone go into looking at your posts, but if your profile example. is
closed, then it got to be so only your ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Today engages several modern nations with mass surveillance of the population. Mass surveillance
described in that it is designed by monitoring only one person.
This occurs on the basis that they claim it is necessary to protect against terrorists, criminals and
political rebels, and to maintain control of society. Mass surveillance has been widely criticized for
being a violation of privacy rights, and to prevent political and social freedom. In some cases,
however, the interests of society be seen as more important than the individual's privacy so that
privacy can be restricted.
The point of mass surveillance is to monitor the population as a whole. Monitoring usually work
with to gather evidence that can be used against a prime suspect, Mass Monitoring switches in order.
Rather than starting with a suspect and then monitor him or her, the goal is to start with a more
generalized surveillance of the population and then generate

Individual Privacy vs National Security
Individual Privacy VS National Security
John Williams
ENG 122: GSE 1244A
Instructor: Ebony Gibson
November 1, 2012
Individual Privacy VS National Security
Introduction
Since the terrorist attack of 9/11, America has been in a high level conflict with terrorist around the
world, particularly the group known as Al Qaeda. There has been many discussions within the U.S.
Congress about the measures of how to effectively combat this organization and their members, here
and abroad. Consequently, the issue of individual privacy vs. national security has generated
discussions within the civilian and government sectors. To date, the discussions continues with
many private citizens who feels they are constantly losing their privacy , when ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The residing administration presented stacks of follow–up attacks to Congress from experts and
officials on a daily basis with grim pictures or scenarios of possible attacks on nuclear facilities,
schools, shopping centers, and others alike, that the public saw measures in place as acceptable and
adequate, (Downing 2008a). Downing further states; Americans have seen their privacy and other
rights curtailed in previous wars but the present–day privations are unfounded only in the duration
of these rights. Just how long will the duration of war on terrorism and rights last, it has already
lasted longer than any other US wars. Further sources of concern to the public, are the rich array of
devices and techniques of the government, such as improved computer programs, databases, and
surveillance gear, never before used in previous wars and never devoted as resources to any state or
its partners. What if any remedies are there in the political system in the privacy of individuals
versus national security protections and concerns? The courts have narrowed away some of the
concerns, but the bulk of these powers, many of them are still persisting. Congress has been hesitant
to amend passing the Patriot Act and its follow–ups, due to fear of being labeled unpatriotic, but also
for fear of

Persuasive Essay On The Right To Privacy
According to Merriam–Webster dictionary, "privacy" is the quality or state of being apart from
company or observation, moreover, it is the freedom from unauthorized intrusion. In 1776, John
Adams wrote that it had been the British right to search houses without justification that sparked the
fight for independence. In other words, John Adams thought that it was an unjustified violation of
privacy which kindled one of history's most noteworthy revolutions. Despite the fact that nowhere in
the U. S. Constitution does it express the right to privacy, today, the debate and controversy
surrounding the right to privacy are debated endlessly. Privacy's definition has never changed,
however, its meaning continues to evolve. Today, acts of terrorism, unjust searches, and mass
surveillance influence privacy's definition and the regulation of collection, access, and use of
personal information by private and public actors. Therefore, it is essential to ensure that the privacy
standards serve to guarantee freedom and autonomy rather than unduly restricting it. Today's debate
on privacy is much different than during the founding of independence while the concern and
controversy are comparable.
The concept of privacy innately spawns from many early writings firstly in the writings of Aristotle,
in which he distinctly defines the differences between the public sphere of politics and political
activity, the Polis, and the private or domestic sphere of the family, known as the Oikos. The two

Annotated Bibliography On American Right Of Privacy
Annotated Bibliography
"59 Radio Address about the American Right of Privacy. February 23, 1974." American Reference
Library – Primary Source Documents, Jan. 2001, p. 1. EBSCOhost,
search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mih&AN=32360825. The personal rights that
lead to a good life are important but the most important right is the right to privacy. People have
been talking for years about the right of privacy. The use of computers made access to Americans
personal data very easy. The government knowledge about people's privacy and personal
information can be a benefit to Americans but it also can lead to a serious damage. From the bright
side, knowing these information makes it easier to pass social security checks, making medical ...
Specific dolls were manufactured in order to talk to the kids. The problem here was that the doll was
designed in a way that when a child talks to the doll his voice will be recorded and sent to a third
party member that translate his sound and words and gather information about the kid. The
commercial free childhood campaign told people not to buy their kids the doll. The doll was not
illegal but it was one of the ways that the government uses to collect data about people. This source
is a useful source as it emphasizes a way the government use to violate the right of privacy and uses
anything to collect data about people. This information is reliable because it comes from Ebsco
which is a trusted website. This source fits in my research paper in describing the ways that the
government uses to violate the people's right of privacy. This article changes my thoughts and
proves to me that the government is violating the people's right of

The Terrorist Attacks : The Nebulous And Never Ending War...
The 9/11 terrorist attacks irrevocably and dramatically transformed the landscape of national
security and risk, marking the beginning of the nebulous and never–ending War on Terror. Western
governments frequently cite terrorism to rationalize legislation that restricts the privacy and
democratic freedoms of its citizenry as anti–terror, increasing unaccountable government power.
This rhetoric includes that governments must eliminate all risk of terror, it being such an existential
threat that we, as citizens, can and must do everything to fight "them", including throwing out
privacy and the freedom of the press. Our lives are both augmented and restrained by the advent of
'big data' that, when paired the ongoing mass, indiscriminate surveillance, strips individuals of their
right to privacy. Governments have capitalized on the corporate practice of collecting massive
amounts of data on individuals, which has increased in both scale and scope as surveillance
technology has become more sophisticated and more difficult to evade. The result is that we live
under a global Panopticon in the knowledge that at any point, our online lives and communications
can be exposed and subject to scrutiny. Other democratic freedoms jettisoned in the fight include the
transparency and accountability in public administration and, relatedly, a free, independent and
pluralistic media. The same anti–terror rhetoric and legislation is used to spy on, prosecute, and
imprison journalists and

Thomas Jefferson And John Locke's Right To Privacy?
With the ruling of Griswold v. Connecticut, a fundamental right would be established. A supreme
court case having to deal with contraceptives would interpret the Bill of Rights' First, Third, Fourth,
Fifth, and Ninth Amendment to implement U.S. citizens their right to privacy. A person may decide
what kind of personal information is out in the world, but the evolution of the internet has altered
this perceived right to privacy. Although many agreeing that an invasion of online privacy is
rationally wrong, many perspectives provide reasoning to justify these violations. Although not
being established as a constitutional right until 1965, the idea of privacy was a debate topic among
many important figures. From Eric Geller's, "The philosophy of privacy: What do Thomas Jefferson
and John Locke have to do with encryption?" he provides information from a discussion at a privacy
conference from speaker Peter Myers, a political–science professor at the University of Wisconsin.
Myers notes that Locke himself was a very private person. Locke saw one's right to privacy derived
from their fundamental right to property. Stated from the article, "As Myers saw it, owning property
meant being able to use the owned object for any purpose and in private, without sharing it.
Property, he argued, created a zone of exclusivity that demanded a societal respect for privacy." Not
only did Locke support a right to privacy, but the founding fathers did as well. Vincent Phillip
Muñoz, a

Data Retention Law
Data Retention Law
Name
Institution
Data retention law has been quite a controversial issue as it aims to protect public safety; however,
in order to do so, the government has to take measures that invade privacy rights. It is an important
issue as it concerns the public's fundamental right of privacy. Many arguments have been put forth
in regards to this issue. This essay will explore the advantages and disadvantages of implementing
data retention law in the context of Australian Government. It will discuss the reasons the Abbott
Government's plan of enforcing mandatory retention will potentially be a risk for the public.
Moreover, the reason behind the government's beliefs that online surveillance is necessary and their
claims ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In light of these facts, the Abbott government's plan to enforce mandatory data retention does not
seem viable as its demerits outweigh its merits. Online privacy is a right which allows individuals to
withhold their identity and information. With the advent of social media sites such as Facebook and
Twitter, the extent of personal information being shared on the internet has increased to a great
extent. This has made privacy an even greater

Farook And Malik's Crimes
After Farook and Malik were killed following their crimes, an intense legal battle broke out between
the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and Apple. The FBI wanted the technology giant to
unlock Farook's iPhone, believing that it might contain vital information related to why he and his
wife committed the act of major terrorism. Apple refused, realizing that doing so would violate the
safety and privacy of their millions of customers. The situation only got more serious when a federal
magistrate ordered Apple to unlock the iPhone. Interestingly, there were many cases to similar to
this in the past, but none achieved near as much notoriety as this had at its climax. Part of that is
because it also involves terrorism; many hope that it also

The Privacy Of Online Consumers And Search Engines
How come google knows where a computer user has been? Social medias and search engines have
access to all the info that is deleted,saved or that people have in their browser and can access it at
any time.Search engines like Google have all the data that people have used in their lifetime from
every person in the world and all the data users think they have deleted that data is actually being
saved in hard drives on the Google Headquarters. The thesis statement is that search engines are
invading the privacy of online consumers and search engines should not invade consumer privacy
because these Search engine companies have no business in finding what the user is doing on the
internet .Social media and Search engines are invading the privacy of internet users all around the
world and keep track of all user info on the computers and this should not be allowed in any
way..According to Caitlin Dewey , reporter in Washington D.C from the washington post it
states"Google has,since 2009,published a transparency tool called Dashboard which lets users see
exactly what kind of data the internet giant has on them and from which services." This quote shows
that since 2009 Google decided to create the tool Dashboard which makes it easier for google to see
what other computer consumers are using.Another quote relating to this issue also
from(Dewey,2014) it states "The issue of data collection has provoked renewed anxiety of
late,perhaps spurred by recent investigations into personal

Big Data Is An Emerging Term
Big data is an emerging term which has been noticed since it influences our daily life gradually. The
big data is a large concept that is vague because different people look at big data phenomenon from
a different perspectives, it is not easy to make a precise definition (Moorthy, et. al., 2015). The
deﬁnition of big data is a matter of debate, however, a typical reference is to the collection,
management, and analysis of massive amounts of data (McNeely & Hahm, 2014).According to
George et. al. (2014), big data include Internet clicks, mobile transactions, user–generated content,
and social media and content from sensor networks or business transactions, such as sales queries
and purchase transactions. These procedures are significant to ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This will bring the panic in society if personal information is easily accessible and their sensitive
information is leaked. So whether big data is beneficial to us or not?
The development directions of big data are uncertainty which makes it difficult for enterprises and
individuals to make a better choice between big data and traditional data. Although those enterprises
and individuals are influenced deeply by big data are still not familiar to the details of big data's
benefits and challenges. In order to help them get a better understanding of big data and distinguish
benefits and challenges of big data. This paper divides into three parts to describe big data. The first
part discusses how the big data benefits our life. The second part focuses on how big data is full of
risk and as a result had a great impact on personal privacy. The last part is to propose some solutions
to balance benefits and challenges of big data.
Like the traditional data, big data through a series of steps that contain collection, storage and
analysis to form a complete system to help both enterprises and individuals produce an optimum
strategy or decision and maximize benefits in their stance. As for traditional data system, it is
usually not enough accurate in analyze the phenomenon or the situation due to lack of sufficient data
that results from the speed of collecting data is relatively low and the process

The Importance Of Privacy And Law Enforcement Essay
Twenty–seven years ago, scientists at The European Organization for Nuclear Research created the
World Wide Web. Because of this, we now live in an interconnected world that has transformed the
way we communicate ( ), the way we do business, the way we live, and the way criminal activity
takes place ( ). Here in the United States where privacy and security are such an important part of
our national ethos, it is critical that our intelligence and law enforcement (LE) community confront
the dangers – as well as producing new–evolving tools, for both digital surveillance and data
collection. I believe privacy is important because it secures our nation from both internal threats and
external threats, as well as protecting our civil liberties; for without security, we cannot have
privacy.
According to our literature, privacy is a common value, a public value, a collective value, and to
some extent, a positive and negative right. However, in times of national security, the relationship
and broader value are the sum of all three values. For instance, in the aftermath of the September 11,
20001 terrorist attacks, the idea that civil liberties had to be reduced in favor of national security
emerged with renewed vigor. Many have noted the paradox that security measures intended to
protect a liberal democracy can end up eroding the civil liberties at the heart of liberal democracies (
). Because of this, it is common to view this problem as a juxtaposition dealing with the appropriate

Public Policy Debate
In today's world of ever–evolving computer technology there is a growing concern for online
privacy. As suggested by Jason Noble, author of "US debates security vs. privacy 12 years after
9/11: The search continues for the right balance between counterterrorism efforts and individual
privacy," the concern of privacy online has evolved since the September 11th terrorist attacks, even
though citizens are/were willing to give up civil liberties for a sense of national security. As the
digital–age advanced into citizen's everyday lives, their right to privacy was diminishing. As
suggested by Sherry Turkle in, "How Computers Change the Way We Think," younger generations
are introduced to computer technology at a much younger age than ever before. ... Show more
Julia Angwin and Jeremy Singer–Vine, authors of "REVIEW ––– What They Know: A Wall Street
Investigation: The Selling of You," describe technology's evolutionary aps that collect personal data
via social media. After all, with the explosion of social media, and the willingness of users to post
their everyday occurrences not only by text, but with pictures as well, these aps are in no shortage of
customers. In contrast, the digital age created computer hackers that are willing to steal personal and
confidential information, and even as far as stealing top secret documents, and then sell it on the
black

Pros And Cons Of Government Surveillance
The increasing capacity of the government to spy on our private lives can contribute to a society in
which there is no room for privacy and governments control even the minds of citizens. The
information collected by mass internet surveillance programs could be used for other purposes by
the government and even by private organizations. Data gathered about regular citizens, business
people, and political leaders could be used against them or to obtain an unfair advantage. Hackers
could potentially gain access to the databases of the government surveillance programs and sell it to
rival governments, companies or organized crime groups. These programs are very expensive and
mean that many government resources are deviated from other potentially more beneficial policies.
It is difficult to assess the efficacy of secret mass surveillance systems and therefore it is ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In public surveillance cameras good or bad debate, the first argument against video surveillance in
public is the invasion of privacy. When you are walking down the street, driving in your car, or
hanging out with boyfriends and girlfriends, you will be monitored with cameras placed in public.
This creates a complete picture of the private life of an individual. We all have private life, which
doesn't want others or the government to know. Mass surveillance might have its positives but its
negatives outweigh its positives.
Too much surveillance can be detrimental and leave people without any privacy. Critics like
Representative James Sensenbrenner argue that surveillance can go too far. Sensenbrenner has
compared today's government surveillance to "Big Brother" from the George Orwell's "1984".
Increasing political surveillance in the name of protection against war or an enemy fuels the never–
ending excuse to monitor innocent people's

Special Interests Groups and Political Participation Paper
Review of Special Interest Groups and Political Participation There are many Special Interest
Groups involved in the influence of public policy. The view about the influence these Special
Interest Groups create is that their attempts are biased to their special interest and the interests of
their clients. Unfortunately, the influence of the most well funded interest groups overshadows even
the most well intentioned under funded interest groups. This paper will focus on one special interest
group that certainly is biased to the civil liberties of the public in general, and does not have the
greatest of funds as backing but does have the ingenuity to get their voice heard. "The Electronic
Privacy Information Center (EPIC) is a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One example of their impact is the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems proposed for use
in public school children in California and other states, and as the new electronic passport for
travelers. EPIC's position, is that the RFID system would make access to the child or traveler's
personal information with out their knowledge easy for unauthorized individuals by merely scanning
the RFID while in range of a scanner. "EPIC and other civil liberties groups have filed comments
(pdf) to urge the State Department to scrap its plans to require RFID passports for all American
travelers." (www.epic.org). Another example of the impact the Electronic Privacy Information
Center has had, is through the national airlines second–generation passenger profiling system known
as CAPPS–II (Computer Assisted Passenger Pre–Screening System). "EPIC joined a broad coalition
of national organizations urging Congress to stop the deployment of..." CAPPS–II, "The coalition
letter asked Congress to assess the program's effectiveness, its cost, and its impact on civil liberties
before allowing the agency to move forward with the surveillance program." (EPIC 2003 Annual
report).Through these efforts the government is re–evaluating their positions on RFIDs and CAPPS–
II. With all the gains and positive influence that the Electronic Privacy Information Center has
created for the civil liberties of the public, they have done so without their efforts being at the

Privacy In Mike Gasher's Mass Communication In Canada
Privacy is an interesting topic to understand in the age of new media. It seems everyone wants
privacy, yet we still share our life stories with the world on social media platforms. Throughout this
research paper I will discuss what privacy is, what we want to keep private, and the purpose of
privacy, laws that protect our privacy and how privacy affects us on the Internet. Furthermore, I will
look at the case of Ashley Madison, an online dating site for those already married and how personal
information was leaked about its users. In their book Mass Communication in Canada by Mike
Gasher, David Skinner and Rowland Lorimer, they define privacy as, "the right to protect certain
aspects of personal life from media discussions" (Gasher et al 367). This definition only takes into
account our personal information being shared on media, not to government officials. Alan Westin is
a well–known lawyer and political scientist and transformed how we understand privacy. In his
article Social and Political Dimensions he stated, "I have identified four psychological conditions or
states of individual privacy – solitude, intimacy, anonymity and reserve" (Westin 7). It is important
to understand these four states of privacy. First solitude, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are four purposes of privacy – personal autonomy, emotional release, self–evaluation and
protected communication. The first purpose of privacy is personal autonomy; this means that we
want control over our information. Emotional release means that we are able to take time away for
ourselves. Self–evaluation is another term for self–assessment; this means that we are able to take
time to evaluate our lives. The final purpose of privacy is protected information, this is when we
share information with doctors or lawyers and expect it to be kept private. We have these purposes
to protect our reputation, misuse of our information and profiling among other

Our Privacy Today : Rights Against Progress
Our Privacy Today: Rights Against Progress
In the modern age it is almost unheard of to hear of someone without a telephone or computer in
their home. One no longer even needs to be in their home to use said commodities with the
increasing accessibility to cell phones. The result of such available technology is that we have now
unloaded large amounts of our personal information over digital mediums. Our telephone
conversations, our home addresses, and even our banking credentials are all common things are
being stored digitally. The convenience of such technology had the side effect that any information
saved can be accessed by a greater authority who is controlling said services. Obviously these higher
authorities have no intentions of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are many reasons why this debate has become so large. For one, it effects nearly all people
with access to technological commodities, which is a vast majority of today's population. Also, there
is little middle ground between both parties. Any possible compromises are mostly unsatisfying and
often end in favor of a specific side. However, there is some middle ground. If both sides cooperate
rather than constantly butt heads, a proposed solution could potentially work. This solution relies on
the process of data collection becoming less of a covert, secretive business and instead become one
that relies on the consent of participants. The Discussion of Privacy Figure 1 To first understand
potential solutions to this polarizing issue, it is first important to understand what others are saying
about it and why they have taken their stances.
The political editorial in Figure 1 by Jack Ohman is one that comments on the NSA scandal. A
massive, rabid–like dog is seen, with the tag "NSA" on its collar. Besides the dog is a smiling, but
grievously wounded man, labeled "Civil Liberties." A "beware of watchdog" sign can be seen on a
chain fence in the background. At a glance it may seem like an anti–NSA editorial, however it can
be interpreted on either side of the debate. On one side, the rabid and vicious NSA watchdog has
damaged Civil

The Issue Of Privacy Laws
Privacy laws are fairly new to humanity. We can take a look at the animal world, of which humans
are biologically still classified in the same taxonomy family as apes. (Groves, 2005).
Wild animals have no concept of privacy and humans in the beginning didn't either. Early humans
lived in tribes and shared belongings, otherwise they wouldn't survive. The concept of what is
considered private or not, has developed as human intellect has grown.
As human intellect has increased, so has advancements in technology and the need for privacy to be
addressed within legal context. With the advances in technology, certain events that were once
considered private, certainly are not anymore. We can use the example of social media, and how
some people will post pictures of their children, while still within the hospital room. This typically
private moment in a family's life, in today 's' time is something for the world to see. Of course, the
person who posted this on social media didn't want this event to be private, but what about social
media users who only send these pictures to a select few friends? How will their privacy be
protected, using an unprotected source such as the internet?
Privacy laws concerning personal data have come into formation recently, but laws concerning
general privacy rights have been native to the United States. Laws such as the First, Fourth, and
Fourteenth Amendment have all been established to protect citizens' right to privacy. These
Amendments include

The Case Of Maryland V King
As technology advances, the world is forced to adapt as an increasingly quick pace. Specifically, our
justice system must consider the constitutionality of surveillance and other information gathering
techniques and how they coincide with current interpretations of the Fourth Amendment which
protects citizens against unreasonable searches and seizures. The Supreme Court addressed this
issue in the 2013 case of Maryland v King explicitly related to the legality of DNA collection of
individuals early in the booking process for serious crimes. In a 5–4 decision, the Supreme Court
ruled that pre–conviction DNA collection of those arrested for serious crimes is constitutional and
does not violate the Fourth Amendment; a decision that will ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Justices Anthony Kennedy, John Roberts, Clarence Thomas, Stephen Breyer, and Samuel Alito
made up the majority of the court with the opinion founded upon the assertion that DNA testing is a
comparable method of identification to fingerprinting and photographing arrestees. Justice Anthony
Kennedy, wrote the opinion of the court, "sits at the court's ideological center and joins the court's
four–member liberal wing about a third of the time when it divides along partisan lines." As a
Republican, this makes him stand out as he actively resisted the kind of political polarization faced
by the court. Kennedy's swing vote is important in the consideration of our formal and informal
actors in the courts decision as he, and the other justices, are considered the formal actors.
DNA testing is the most accurate way to identify an individual, and should therefore be used to
increase the effectiveness of our justice system. This brings to light the issue of genetic privacy.
Society questions the motives of government in DNA collection and floods the media, which acts as
an informal actor on the court, with ideas of this invasion of privacy and encroachment of biological
liberties. The 2010 article, Create a National DNA Database? stated that "such sensitive information
is prone to misuse, and one should not have such blind faith in the security of government access to
it." EPIC, the electronic privacy

Summary: Does A Transparent Society Lead To Liberty
Does a Transparent Society Lead To Liberty
American culture is built on the right to privacy. As the Constitution explicitly states Americans
have, "the right... to make personal decisions regarding intimate matters; ...the right... to lead their
lives in a manner that is reasonably secluded from public scrutiny, whether such scrutiny comes
from a neighbor's ...eyes, an investigator's eavesdropping ..., or a news photographer's ... camera;
and... the right... to be free from unwarranted drug testing and electronic surveillance" (Privacy).
Privacy is an inherent need of human beings because people need a safe space where they are not
obligated to censor themselves in order to make people in society feel comfortable. Privacy creates a
space where ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is dangerous because the American government can gain access to this information, and thus
can potentially infringe upon the public's privacy. Interfaces such as Google and Microsoft allocate
customized advertisements through the correlations of individuals' search trends (Privacy Policy –
Privacy & Terms – Google). Microsoft's Hotmail system employs the same method by monitoring
their consumers' emails (Pender 2010). This trend is also popular among the workplace as some
companies are starting to watch their employees email and web browsing habits, and through
surveillance devices (Workplace Cameras and Surveillance: Rules for Employers). Counteracting
the invasive effects of surveillance on individuals civil liberties, many positive outcomes have
derived from these installations. For instance, surveillance devices have aided in crime conviction
and terrorism prevention, because they provide facial recognition through the usage of closed–
circuit television cameras (Harris), and high–tech systems like the Echelon are able to detect
communications between electronic devices, so the plans and activities of terrorists are nipped in the
bud before terrorist attacks occur– if their networks are be revealed by analyzing the patterns of their
communication with the Echelon system (Poole). Although there are positive aspects to surveillance,
the intrinsic inequalities in the distribution of surveillance still exists and can only be eradicated
through the establishment of transparent society (Brin

Privacy Under Attack Analysis
In "Privacy under Attack," the authors discuss some potential ways of how our privacy could be in
danger or stolen by companies or accessible by administration and corporations. According to the
authors, some ways that our privacy could be in danger are first through video records and picture
taken by traffic cameras and surveillance cameras for us. Second through illegal "wiretaps" by the
government that could hear our conversations. Third, our privacy and personal data could be
"monitored by corporations through the role of club cards, raffles, or refunds that outside companies'
collection of data about us can then be sold without noticing, given consumers the optional to search
for the box on any frame to indicate they don't want their personal ... Show more content on
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For example, if government use illegal "wiretaps" to hear conversations on "suspects of interest" it
would be possible to prevent crimes before they occur by knowing how and what the criminals are
thoughts or ideas by hearing their conversation or using RFID can be used to attach to shoes or to
cars by first accessing sale information and name on credit card that could keep track of someone
steps. Another thing is improving companies' production by knowing consumers' preferences and
how they used the products, how long it lasted, and consumer purchasing habits.
Privacy can give us more confidence and freedom to reach a decision and practice social and
political activities without fear or restrictions from other external sources. The disadvantages of
privacy can be the difficulty of preventing a criminal offense from happening if we don't know any
info about the criminals. Privacy is the state or status of being detached from being observed or
disturbed by other people, but sometimes in contradicting that privacy, it can increase safety and
lessen the overall rate of

Invasion Of Privacy In Canadian Media
Privacy The invasion of privacy can be argued to be the most problematic issue in Canadian media.
Media has shifted from simply just being entertainment source to the intruding on private matters at
the expense of analyzing political matters. Our society today, formal media is becoming
entertainment and private information or stories become accessed publically. Intrusiveness is
common characteristics in modern Canadian media, we see this happening today to political leaders
and celebrities. This is common for these public figures who are being watched by the media all the
time. A public figure in comparison to regular citizens are used to dealing with media and are able to
publicly respond to any types of negative allegations. It is important

Against Moral Absolutism
Sagar, Rahul. "Against Moral Absolutism: Surveillance and Disclosure After Snowden." Ethics
& International Affairs, vol. 29, no. 2, 2015, pp. 145–159. Rahul Sagar is associate professor of
political science at Yale–NUS College and the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the
National University of Singapore. Sagar challenges the conspiratorial view that mass surveillance
undermines the national security by clarifying the history, rationale, and efficacy of surveillance. He
argues that a surveillance program could generate so much raw data that an important piece of
information is overlooked; however, in such a case the appropriate response would not be to shut
down the program but rather to devote more processing power and manpower to improve it. This
article provides evidence to back up the counterargument on the efficacy of surveillance.
Spencer, Shawn. "SECURITY VS. PRIVACY: Reframing the Debate." Denver University Law
Review, vol.79, 2002, pp.519–550. Shawn B. Spencer is a Climenko/Thayer Lecturer on Law at
Harvard Law School. Spence focuses on demonstrating how security is overvalued, and how
privacy is undervalued by exploring the intangible consequences of ... Show more content on
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pp.745. Daniel J. Solove is the Associate Professor, George Washington University Law School;
J.D., Yale Law School. Solove has an in–depth understanding of surveillance and privacy. In the
article, he focuses on analyzing "What exactly is "privacy?" "How valuable is privacy and how do
we assess its value?" and "How do we weigh privacy against countervailing values?" He points out
that the main problem with surveillance is not that someone's privacy is invaded; instead,
government surveillance creates a power imbalance, putting people in danger in a way that they
have all the power to collect everything they want; you have no idea how your private information
will be processed. This article will be used as evidence to support the part of "power

NSA Surveillance's Case
People may be considered privacy as a natural right that provides the basis for the legal right.
Therefore, the right to privacy is protected under private law, constitutionally protected in the
majority of democratic societies and expressed in various legislative forms (Britz, 1996). Privacy is
also an essential condition for other rights as for freedom and personal autonomy. Besides,
acknowledgment of a person's right to freedom means recognizing an individual as an autonomous
human being.
NSA surveillance's case must be evaluated through the multitude of frames as for legal, political,
moral and organizational in the same time. The majority of contentious cases are influenced by a
technological advancement, and in this case of information

Summary Of Peter Singer's Visible Man
Warning: Big Brother is Hiding in a Panopticon In the twenty first century, everyone is gluing their
eyes to bright screens, and keeping their minds and mouths shut. The public mindlessly releasing
information through dangerous domains, like the Internet, poses a great issue. Citizens do not realize
where their information can be used and why it is used. This unfortunate circumstance is seen in
Peter Singer's "Visible Man: Ethics in a World Without Secrets." Although there is a sensation of
isolation for the public in this century, there should still be a great amount of openness when it
comes to social and political events that involve information, and the ways that data is collected for
these purposes.
For one thing, there is no way to make important decisions without having evidence to support one's
opinions. At the same time, the information that counts as evidence should be collected in an
acceptable way. Due to unfortunate circumstances in the United States, which includes violent ...
Information that could be beneficial or detrimental to the government needs to be released in order
for society to make a just verdict. If the public will remain ignorant and uninformed about issues
occurring in their homeland, they will not be able to fend for themselves. Transparency between the
common–folk and the "higher–ups" will keep the country a safer place, due to the flow of
knowledge between the two groups. Disseminating information that can make or break a certain
situation that will affect the whole country, such as choosing the next president, will create a more
advanced culture. Although knowing fact will not create world peace, it may solve internal conflicts,
such as providing evidence for law cases, which are just as important. When a country has greater
unity between its citizens and its executives, it is

Consumer Security And Data Privacy
Over the years the consumers of the internet have used this resource for many professional and
personal needs. However, even though internet can seem like a good thing to us, it sometimes can be
a bad thing and very threatening. Consumer security, and the protection of our data on websites and
apps that we explore every day, is very important and should never be violated. Over the years there
have been many services that in a way threaten this security and privacy and at the same time some
services have helped us and most people are blind to this. The protection of our personal data on
social media websites, to important data like medical information and social security is also affected
in both ways. Consumer security and data privacy has affected we the consumers negatively through
the lies from Facebook, ads containing malware from cyber criminals, non–malware, Google, and
positively through LifeLock. Consumer security and data privacy is very important for everyone to
know about because it can greatly affect us. Consumer security is our online security against many
things such as hackers stealing money from us, preventing criminals and strangers from finding out
where people live, and what people do. Data privacy is one of the many features of information
technology that then allows users to store information about ourselves, other people, or really just
anything people may be looking up, typing in and more. Data privacy and determining what to do
with it can be a very

The Political Cartoon 'Privacy Wars'
The Political Cartoon titled 'Privacy Wars,' deals with Bill C–51 and its impact on Canadian
individuals rights and freedoms; all of which ties into Chapter Three and The Charter of Rights and
Freedoms. Within the political cartoon, Stephen Harper – the former prime minister of Canada – is
portrayed as Darth Vader, who is seen holding a paper labelled 'Bill C–51.' In a text bubble beside
him are the written words, "trust me." The cartoonist mainly emphasizes the Bill C–51 labelled
paper and the title 'Privacy Wars,' by using bold fonts and centring the lettering. The reason for this
is because of how much the Bill contradicted individuals privacy rights. Not only did it infringe
Canadian's privacy, but it also violated virtually every Charter Right and Freedom. ... Show more
Canadian authorities were accused of making accusations on Canadian's Abdullah Almalki, Ahmad
Elmaati, and Muayyed Nureddin, saying they were terrorists. Authorities even provided questions
for interrogators. Confessions obtained through torture were used to justify search warrants. It was
later discovered by The Fifth Estate that internal documents obtained information revealing
Canadian authorities knew the men were being tortured and even collaborated with Syrian officials
in interrogations. This is only one of many examples of how CSIS and Bill C–51 has abused The
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. It has also been stated that Bill C–51 has legalized
misconduct and allows the violation of civil

The Shocking Tragedy Of The Usa / Patriot Act Essay
Introduction
The shocking tragedy on September 11, 2001 altered the course of American national security. Prior
to the 9/11 attacks, homeland security was rarely debated as a hot topic, even within the small circle
of policy elites (Kamarck, 2013, p. 34). The only prior homeland attack on America was Pearl
Harbor and this was not on U.S. mainland. Many Americans were shocked that such a tragedy could
occur on American soil and they are still shocked to this day. People are still recovering from this
tragic event. The government knew that the country's enemies still posed an enormous threat to the
nation's security. In response to the events that took place on 9/11, the United States Congress
passed the USA/Patriot Act, which intensified the surveillance powers held by the federal
government through the National Security Agency (NSA) and other federal agencies. This act
increased national airport security procedures, metro security in most major U.S. cities, and
extended the government's capacity to spy on citizens.
There are many surveillance tactics currently used by the U.S. government. This includes cellphone
data requests by local, state, and federal law enforcement authorities, drones, and stingray
interceptors. Stingrays are an electronic surveillance device that impersonate a cell tower and
intercept phone calls and text messages. In 2011, after the death of Osama Bin Laden, America had
somewhat recovered from the 9/11 attacks, and became more lenient about national

Protection Vs. Privacy : The Government 's Use Of...
Protection vs. Privacy: The Government's Use of Surveillance Since the industrial revolution,
society has continued to grow larger, and more interconnected than ever before. Aiding in this
process has been the advancement of technology and ideas. With the extensive advancement of
technology, an equally sizable debate on its ethical implications has developed. In recent years an
ethical dilemma has arose pertaining to the use of government surveillance. While the increased
surveillance of citizens by the government is beneficial to the safety of society, the government
might infringe on citizen privacy rights. It is obvious that the extensive government surveillance can
aid in the protection of citizens. Since September 11th, 2001, the threat of terrorism has been
widespread and very real. Terrorists, both at home and abroad, constantly use the internet to gain
intelligence, purchase weapons with intention to cause harm, and communicate. With the current
election season in full swing, the candidates have been asked if they would use surveillance to assist
law enforcement in stopping terror especially in the wake of the events in San Bernardino and
Orlando. Both candidates have expressed they would use whatever technology available and within
the law to stop terrorism before it can start. Recent terrorism has hit very close to home for myself.
Having been born and raised in the Saint Cloud area, the recent attacks at the Saint Cloud shopping
mall added a new perspective

Privacy In Citizenfour
I am more willing to risk imprisonment [...] than I am to risk the curtailment of my intellectual
freedom and that of those around me. (Edward Snowden)
True privacy in our modern age is nearly impossible. Although we have freedom of mobility (to
travel nearly anywhere in the world), we are constantly watched. In Laura Poitras's 2014
documentary Citizenfour, which takes place in 2013 when whistleblower and former infrastructure
analyst for the NSA (National Security Agency), Edward Snowden released information that
revealed the mass state surveillance of American citizens by the NSA after the September 11
terrorist attacks (or 9/11) as a method to detect terrorists. During an interview with American
journalist Glenn Greenwald, Snowden states that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Originally an architectural model for a prison (Jeremy Bentham's Panopticon), American
philosopher Michel Foucault applies the panopticon's characteristics – which include: the lack of
privacy; the forced conformity and changes in behaviour to cope with the lack of privacy; and lack
of knowledge of who is watching you, why they are watching you, how, or whether you are being
watched or not– to our modern world (Simon 2–3). Bart Simon argues, "To know one is being seen
without being able to see carries with it uncertainty that becomes a source of anxiety, discomfort and
terror" (Simon 4). In other words, feeling that you are being watched causes stress, which ultimately
leads to "normalization" and "conformity" – changing our behaviour (which mimics the behaviour
of those around us) to adapt (Simon 4–5, 7; Langlois). Furthermore, in the panoptic prison of our
everyday world, we are inmates who try to adapt to the slow deterioration of our right to privacy.
Citizenfour, presents the concepts of privacy and surveillance following the September 11 Terrorist
Attacks, along with the behavioural effects of knowing one is relentlessly being watched by the
state. Through the behaviour of Edward Snowden and the director's use of symbolism, Citizenfour
reveals the panoptic prison present in our modern

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