African American Writers Examine Racial Conditions

In Their Novels, Many African American Writers Examine
In their novels, many African American writers examine the conditions African American men and
women live in as well as the choices they make as a result of their environment. In Native Son by
Richard Wright, Bigger lives in an impoverished community and survives by committing robbery
along with his friends. When Bigger gets, a job working for a rich white family, he accidentally
murders his employer's daughter and tries to cover his tracks. Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison tells
the story of a black man who reflects upon his life and how he became Invisible Man. He is raised in
the south and moves to Harlem after he is kicked out of college. In Harlem, he joins the Brotherhood
and later learns the bleak existence which African American men ... Show more content on
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He tells his lawyer, Max, "I wanted to be an aviator once. But they wouldn't let me go to the school
and then drew a line around it and said that nobody could go to it but those who lived within the
line. That kept the colored boys out" He does not see a future for himself.
When he brings Mary, his rich employers daughter to her room, he smothers her with a pillow her
for fear that he will be discovered in her room. He knows that he has killed her by accident but
automatically he thinks "She was dead and he had killed her. He was a murderer. A Negro Murderer,
a black murderer" (95). Bigger goes on to say, "though he had killed her by accident, not once did he
feel the need to tell himself that it had been an accident. He was black and he had been alone in a
room where a white girl had been killed, therefore he had killed her" Bigger understands the world
that he lives in deeply and knows that everyone will assume that he killed her on purpose. That he
raped her. He does not even tell himself the truth because his truth is not considered reality by
society. His truth is not important. Bigger becomes a criminal as a way to survive. He becomes
exactly how white men and women see him: a rapist and a murderer. He begins to feel like he can
only get out of his environment by murdering, and manipulating others. Bigger goes so far as to
identify himself as a murderer capable of killing anyone who gets in his way. He goes as far as
raping and killing Bessie, his
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White Males And The American Writers
In this nature writing course and in all my literature courses there haven't been many African
American writers represented. This isn't because they don't exist, but because the more commonly
known writers have the attributes of being more respected, and are widely accepted writers in
American literature, who majority of the time are white males like Thoreau and Leopold. These are
just examples, and they are good writers but there are also good African American writers that
deserve just as much representation when teaching college courses. There's a greater choice of
writers besides having the same works of authors we've already read throughout our experience in
studying literature. There needs to be a better variety of cultures represented in literature, white
males shouldn't always be the most read and studied authors in public institutions. Minorities should
be represented too, especially African American writers since they played such a great role in the
American history, and endured so much oppression from the society they've lived in. In this course,
Nature Writing at metropolitan University, we had a variety of different races, but the Black race
didn't get the representation they deserved. There was a writing titled, "from a black boy" by Wright,
and it wasn't a good representation of Black writers in America. I remember reading it and
questioning what I just read; because it didn't have any emotion or deeper meaning like most the
other readings we studied. In

Thomas Paine : An English American Politician Activist,...
Thomas Paine was an English–American political activist, philosopher and writer. He was born on
the twenty–ninth of January 1737 at Thetford, Norfolk in England, to a Quaker father and Anglican
mother. Paine received basic education, but learned to read, write and perform arithmetic. At the age
of thirteen he began working, at first with his father, as a stay maker. He then later worked as an
officer of the excise, hunting smugglers, and collecting liquor and tobacco taxes. Around 1760,
Paine's wife and child both died in childbirth, and his business, that of making stay ropes, went
under. In the summer of 1772, Paine published "The Case of the Officers of Excise." A twenty–one
paged article in defense of higher pay for excise officers. It was his first political work, and he spent
that winter in London, handing out the 4,000 copies of the article to members of Parliament and
other citizens. In spring of 1774, Paine was fired from the excise office. He soon met Benjamin
Franklin, who advised him to move to America and provided him with letters of prologue to the
recently framed country. Paine arrived in Philadelphia on November 30, 1774, taking up his first
normal occupation–serving to alter the Pennsylvania Magazine–in January 1775. As of now, Paine
started writing decisively, distributed a few articles, secretly or under aliases. One of his initial
articles was a blistering judgment of the African slave exchange, called "African Slavery in
America," which he marked under

Jean Toomer- An African American Writer
Jean Toomer was an African American writer. He was known as the leading American writer of the
1920s after he established his book "Cane" which inspired authors of the Harlem Renaissance. Jean
Toomer was born on December 26, 1894 as Nathan Pinchback Toomer. His mother was the
governor of Louisiana during Reconstruction and the first U.S. governor of African American
descent (Jones 1). In 1985, Toomer's father abandoned him and his mother. He forced them to live
with his mother cruel father in Washington. P.B.S. Pinchback made a deal to support them only if
they changed Toomer's name to Eugene Pinchback. Toomer later shortened Eugene to Jean. Toomer
appreciated all the major American poets as part of his self–directed education. He was ... Show
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Toomer's poems enhanced the moods of wistful and mournful pastoralism that pervades the book.
His poems provide transitioning from one narrative to another, incorporating myths and symbols.
Toomer is a controversial literary and cultural figure who gets criticized by people for rejecting his
race. He is praised by others for the confines of rigid ethnic distinctions. Toomer's rejection of race
drew sharp criticism from many people, especially from members of the African American
community. They found him being self– loathing rather than racial unification (Claypool 2). Toomer
has been criticized for failing to write about the experience after Cane. Many people said he denied
his African American heritage out of shame and cowardice (Claypool 4). Many critics have credited
his work with ushering in the Harlem Renaissance noting the book's representations of African
American characters and culture. Others have located it within the lost generation owing to its
literary experimentation, romantic primitivism, and its critiques of postwar values (Jones 3). The
analysis of Cane contains Toomer denying his racial heritage. This book also contains the extracts
from most of the important early Cane criticism (Golding 3).
As an idealist philosopher, he valued the power of the mind and the imagination of physical reality
(Claypool 3). In the summer of 1924 he spent time at Gurdjieffs schools. He became a disciple and
led Gurdjieff groups in New

The Shanghai Girl �� Is The Chinese American Writer
《Shanghai Girls》 is the Chinese–American writer, Lisa See published in 2009. In this novel, the
theme of the novel is often interpreted as describing her emotions. About her life in China and the
United States, with plenty of space describes the life of Chinese immigrants and her mentality, and
appearing the homesick theme of the novel. This article focus on China 's Shanghai, Angel Island in
United States and Los Angeles, those three places for basic point. And show the protagonist pearl
and May as the representative of Chinese immigrants, they were forced to flee from China, then to
the full of hopeful and expectation to America. The author use theme layers forward to reveal the
theme of the novel homesickness. 《Shanghai Girls 》 has enriched the literary theme of
immigration; broaden the horizons of Chinese American Literature. These have three issues that
worth of research: The background of the article; the relationship between this article and the history
of California; and this book reflects the historical process of Chinese immigrants at that time. 《
Shanghai Girls 》is a complex and profound historical story about two sisters. First, according to
the historic meaning of the text, it can be inferred that not only reflects the experience of Shanghai
girl living writers, but also reflects the social and cultural conditions found in the historical period of
residence. So Shanghai girl is a pre–existing history text functions proved that it is able to
participate in the

Analysis Of The Book ' American Writers '
Out of all the amazing American writers no one compares to S.E. Hinton, better known as Susan
Eloise Hinton. Early life of Ms. Hinton was no different from anyone else. Susan Hinton wrote a lot
of amazing and inspiring books; her books were also about teens. Whether you are intrigued by the
early life, works, or about her writings of S.E. Hinton you will learn that she leads a remarkable life.
Hinton was born July 22, 1950 in Tulsa, Oklahoma. She attended Will Rogers High School this is
where most of her writings were based from. While she was in high school, she started her first
draft, and also one of her books The Outsiders was published in 1967. This book was actually based
on her high school when the blue collar families which were called Greasers yet on the other side of
town were the Socs which were rich from the money in the oil in the area. The Socs wore expensive
clothes, and drove nice cars (Smith). Hinton wrote books with the narrators as males, and she did
not think boys would read her books because she was a woman writer, so she used her initials as her
pen name so readers wouldn 't know she was a woman writer. Hinton met a boy in her biology class
as a freshman, he became the inspiration of her second book ,and helped her with her writer 's block
by making her write until she got to two pages before they would go out on a date and if she didn 't
fish two pages they wouldn 't go out the day.(hinton) She did know later they would get married in
1970. During

Adaptation of Modern African-American Writers
Adaptation of Modern African–American Writers
Modern writers learn from the past by reading works written by authors of that particular era.
Contemporary African–American writers gain knowledge and insight into the horrendous and
sometimes harmonious conditions that plagued Africans during slavery and the slave trade. By
reading the actual words, thoughts, and feelings of these enslaved Africans, modern writers receive
information from the perspective of the victimized. Lucille Clifton's "slaveship" is a vivid example
of a contemporary writer borrowing from the past to depict another account of the slave trade. The
fact that Clifton's father told her stories about her family's struggle and she, herself, traced her
lineage back to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As a result of the kidnapping and brutalization of these Africans, many knew that returning to their
homeland was not an option. In "slaveship", the narrator asks someone if "ever again can [his]
tongue speak, can [his] bone walkäcan this sin live" (lines 19–22). These lines can be interpreted to
mean will he speak his native language again, will he ever get off this boat, and will he ever live his
former life again. Likewise, in Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, he "saw [himself] deprived
of all chance of returning to [his] native country" (p 157). Even the idea of referring to slaves or
Africans as a "sin" is not from Clifton's own experience. Phillis Wheatley wrote about people
viewing Blacks as a walking sin because of the controversy surrounding the mark placed on Cain by
God in "On Being Brought from Africa to America". She said that "some view our sable race with
scornful eye. 'Their colour is a diabolic die.' Remember Christians, Negros black as Cain" (p 171,
lines 5–7). Clifton adapts from Equiano and Wheatley by using her imagination and creative
thoughts to capture the experience of the Middle Passage for many Africans.
The tone of Clifton's "slaveship" parallels the works by Equiano and Wheatley. In "slaveship", the
narrator expresses despair and disgust about his situation and disgrace for the men who captured
him and the other Africans. He wants to know from "Jesus [or] Angel can these be men who vomit
us out from ships called Jesus, Angel, and

Frederick Douglass : An African American Activist, Writer,...
Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, who later changed his name to Frederick Douglass, was
born February 1818 and died February 20, 1895 was an African–American social activist,
abolitionist, orator, writer, and political leader. After evading from vassalage in Maryland, he
became a public driver of the abolitionist motion from Massachusetts and New York, convenient
character for his dazzling oratory and incisive antislavery writings. In his time he was described by
abolitionists as a living contrasted–specimen to slaveholders ' arguments that captive lacked the
mental capacity to act as independent American citizens. Northerners at the time found it powerful
to believe that such a numerous orator had once been a slave. When Douglass was about twelve,
Hugh Auld 's wife Sophia started teaching him the alphabet. Douglass described her as a kind and
compassionate–hearted woman, who treated him "as she believe one human being should to treat
another". Hugh Auld disapproved of the instruction, feeling that literacy would incite slaves to
desire freedom; Douglass later referred to this as the "first indisputably antislavery lecture" he had
ever heard. Under her husband 's influence, Sophia came to expect that teaching and slavery were
irreconcilable and one day snatched a newspaper away from Douglass. In his memoir, Douglass
narrated how he learned to read from white children in the neighborhood, and by observing the
writings of the men with whom he worked. When Douglass

I Attended The ' Fathering Word : The Making Of An African...
I attended the "Fathering Word: The Making of an African American Writer" lecture by E. Ethelbert
Miller, Miller is an advocate for the arts and a Howard University graduate. Miller started his lecture
by saying that being an author was a lonely job, but it was worth it because he enjoyed getting the
opportunity to attend events all over the country and meeting the many audience members. Miller
says that literature takes you behind the scenes, for example, he talked about how in reality his
father was an average working class man, but in his stories his father was elevated to seem like a
"Greek god". Miller also mentioned how literature allowed him to reveal secrets of your life that you
wouldn 't necessarily want to say out loud. After his opening remarks Miller went on to talk about
the important factors that are included in a memoir, he said that a memoir is a collection of someone
's memories and their thoughts of the events. Miller also made an interesting point about if a person
has the right to remember or erase a memory from their memoir, but before you make that decision
you should ask yourself, "what can a person learn from your life." (Miller) A memoir is about
storytelling and what have you been a witness to. The magic should start on the first page and it 's
very important that the first sentence grabs their attention because you want to make people who
don 't know you want to read about you. Miller then went on to talk about things you should and
should not

Diane Abbott, A British Party Politician, Once Said...
Diane Abbott, A British party politician, once said "Outsiders often have an insight that an insider
doesn't quite have" In Firoozeh Dumas's "The 'F Word" and Amy Tan's "Fish Cheeks", both authors
take a different approach to adapting to an American life style. Firoozeh Dumas, an Iranian–
American author, and Amy Tan, from Chinese origins author, give a description of how they try to
sway away from their cultures to become more Americanized. From an outside few many people
would see large differences in their approach, but I view both of their stories very similar. Dumas'
parents' and Tan's parents' approval towards their actions contrast one another allow for the readers
understand the life of an outsider. Whereas, Dumas' and Tan's search ... Show more content on
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Tan's parents see the shun of culture in her behavior, and don't approve of it. They may feel
disrespected by Tan's shun of culture. Tan's descriptive details of her parents allow the reader to see
the drastic difference of how different ethnic background few things. Tan's mother acknowledges
that Amy wants to be an American girl, she continues by saying "But inside you must always be
Chinese. You must be proud you are different. Your only shame is to have shame." As a mother,
Tan's mother tries to provide words of influence to her daughter allowing her to see and feel how her
mother reacts towards the shun of culture. The actions her father takes allows for the idea that Amy
may do this for often than not. Her father sees the reaction toward the fish eyes by Tan, and doesn't
pay any mind to it. The contrast of the mother and father reaction towards Tan's action can show a
disapproval and shame of having their daughter deny their culture. In Addition, the approach
towards self–acceptance between Dumas and Tan are very similar. In "The F word," Firoozeh is
trying to find out who she really was and how she identifies herself. Firoozeh describes the troubles
while having a foreign name; however, she decided not to put up with it anymore and changed her
name in hopes that it would make life as an outsider easier. Firoozeh allows the hardships she must
experience to get the better of her. She describes how

North American Writers Research Paper
The Impact of North American Writers on United States Citizens
When we ask ourselves what makes us American, we must look to our past. As a United States
settler, we each have a job to fulfill in this country. We view ourselves as the alpha and as a beautiful
country. North American writers have had a crucial influence on modern day citizens with
dissertations like the Star–Spangled Banner by Francis Scott Key, John F. Kennedy's Address to the
Greater Houston Ministerial Association, and the story about Pocahontas by Paula Gunn Allen.
To begin with, the Star–Spangled Banner (Key 433) is the national anthem of the United States of
America. Not only does it bring dignity to myself, but to many others. The song's name is to
resemble the flag of the United States. When the British locked Francis Scott Key on their boat with
two other Americans, Francis Scott Key witnessed tragedy on Fort McHenry. The next morning, the
United States flag still flew and prospered high after the Battle of Baltimore. Since September 20th
of 1814, this has inspired many Americans to remember after anything significant or terrorizing, that
the United ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Kennedy's address over religion and government. In 1960, the soon–to–be President gave a speech
over not assuming that he would invest his religion first. "Finally, I believe in an America where
religious intolerance will someday end, where all men and all churches are treated as equals, where
every man has the same right to attend or to not attend the church of his choice..." (Kennedy 487)
This excerpt means a lot to the citizens that do not believe in the same religion. Most believe in the
same thing as Kennedy and suspect this impacted America and made us believe in what he aspired
to. This concept is that his belief in religion is powerful, but his belief in the United States of
America is more powerful. To not judge a man by what they believe in, but what their actions

American Transcendentalist Writers Essay
Following the influx of the puritanical style of writing in America during the 17th Century by the
Founding Fathers, it could be said that what we now know as the collective `American writing' was
once created almost as an effort to distance its own style from that of other European styles.
Perhaps not being incredibly popular outside their own circle of influence, writers such as Ralph
Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalists began, in the 19th Century, to weave a new form of
writing using philosophy as the `vehicle of thought' . While this allowed them to explore new and
untouched areas in the mind, it also greatly influenced many later writers from Henry Thoreau to the
more `popular' and recent Mark Twain.
Let us begin with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although some critics may treat Walden as simply a text on the love of nature, Thoreau's message,
and indeed philosophy, seems to lay deeper. Although he never openly criticises the state of
America, there are certainly references to suggest that this text is somewhat a social commentary or
criticism of the society in which he lived. For example he suggests `Better if [men] had been born in
the open pasture and suckled by a wolf, that they might have clearer eyes what field they were
called to labour in' . Through this extract, and indeed through much of the text, we can see that
Thoreau uses the image of nature to suggest his own ideal of society. It seems that by isolating
himself from civilisation, he begins to understand himself through self–realisation and thus
establishes his own identity. From the question, `Why should they begin digging their own graves as
soon as they are born?', we learn a little of Thoreau's philosophy on life: he disagrees with the
collective identity of the increasingly capitalist America in which he lives, asking why should we
passively comply with a capitalist machine?
Similar to the way in which Thoreau isolated himself from civilisation, poet Emily Dickinson also
attempted to question the values of this new society in which she lived, except this time from within
the seclusion of her own home in Massachusetts.
Clearly Dickinson's poetry was far from anything the American public had

Asian American Writer Named Amy Tan
During a time of oppression and fear, immigrants had no choice but to travel to America. Ranging
from Europeans to Asian, these particular individuals have spent countless hours to make it through
custom and learning a new language in order to transition into America. One Asian American writer
named Amy Tan was introduced to a unique and different lifestyle from her parents and that was
making a shift from their English to the standard American English. As a result, this lifestyle
allowed her to witness and experience how an Asian parent raises their children in America and how
she broke outside of that barrier. One particular instance in Tan's lifestyle was the constant use of
"broken" English from her mother. Throughout Tan's life, her mother would always speak English
that normally sounds abstruse. For instance, Amy Tan's mother spoke English like so "Du Yusong
having business like fruit stand. Like off–the–street kind"(Tan 490). While this type of English is, in
fact, difficult to comprehend, it carried over to the style that Tan speaks. With the thoughts of her
mother's English, Tan started to feel "ashamed of her English"(Tan 491). Even with these strong
emotions, she started to develop these strong habits that she gained from her mother. One moment
like "Not waste money like that"(Tan 490) showed that Tan develops some habits that she picked up
around her mother. Like mother and daughter, her English has become similar to that of her mother's
English. While it may

Ernest Hemingway: An Influential American Writer
Throughout collection five we have been learning about many influential American writers,
including Faulkner, Fitzgerald, Frost, Steinbeck and lastly, Hemingway. For this assignment I chose
to research the impacts that Ernest miller Hemingway, literature had on American novelists for years
to come. In the 20th century, Hemingway's writings were popular not only because of the topics that
he chose to write about, but because of his unique style popularly known as the Iceberg theory. The
Iceberg theory was specific to Ernest Hemingway and it basically means that Hemingway didn't
think that the meaning of his literature should be so obviously stated, he thought that the meaning
should be implied so the reader actually had to pay attention to

The Most Important American Fiction Writer
Raymond Carver has been called "the most important American fiction writer in the second half of
the twentieth century" and "the most influential American short story writer since Ernest
Hemingway" (Kleepe vii). He was very successful despite his many difficult life experiences.
Carver grew up during a very difficult time in America. However, early on, Carver and his wife
believed their hard work would eventually pay off despite the challenges in the world around them.
They thought it would fix almost everything. However, throughout his life of dead end jobs and
child rearing, Carver realized that things weren't going to change and eventually wound up divorced.
In many ways, Carver's life was the model for all of his main characters. ... Show more content on
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The life of the blue–collar worker became increasingly difficult. It has been said, "Of the writers
who depicted the history of this 'blue–collar despair,' none did so fully and accurately as Raymond
Carver" (Meyer 1). While growing up, his family was very poor. Raymond Carver was married with
two children before the age of twenty. Therefore, he worked many low paying jobs such as pumping
gas, sweeping hospital corridors, and managing an apartment complex in order to support his family.
Carver mainly used lower–middle–class characters in his stories because that is the type of person
he was most familiar with. When asked about having sympathy towards his characters, Carver said,
"In all the books so far, I could never have been condescending to those characters and felt myself
any sort of writer at all. I have to care for the people in the stories. These are my people. I can't
offend them, and I wouldn't" (Alton 9). Earl Ober, the main character in "They're Not Your
Husband," is an unemployed salesman who uses his business strategies to convince his wife to go on
a diet. The narrator and main character of Raymnd Carver's story, "Fat," is a waitress who serves
people both at work and at home. His main characters also include mechanics, postmen, high school
teachers, and factory workers ("Raymond Carver"). Even if the desperation is not significant to the

American Renaissance Writers Essays
American Renaissance Writers
ENG/491
December 19, 2011
Peggy Walls
American Renaissance Writers
The American Renaissance, in literary circles occurred during the middle to late 1800s. "One of the
most important influences of the period was that of the transcendentalists" (Britannica, 2011). Major
writers during this perid had a common bond. Their platform was 'an idealic system of thought
based on a belief in the essential unity of all creation, the innate goodness of man, and the
supremacy of insight over logic and experience for revelation of the deepest truths. (Britannica,
2011). Among these writers and philosophers were many great Americans such as Edgar Allen Poe
and Ralph Waldo Emmerson. It is important to note; however, ... Show more content on
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It was then that she became a voice against the ill treatment of slaves. She was inspired by the
movement unintentionally. Emily Dickinson was "following a transcendental ideal; she was being
true to herself and being an individual at all costs, as opposed to conforming to a world of followers.
Keeping Dickinson's famous reclusivity in mind, one could say that in her lifetime she was neither a
leader nor a follower. Dickinson never tied herself to a specific school of thought or philosophy, she
was simply herself" (American Transcendentalism Web, 2011). Without realizing it, Dickinson too
was a large part of the transcendental movement. Louisa May Alcott, was a transcendentalist as
well, but unapologetically. Her father was a leading voice and teacher of the movement; therefore,
the principles were engrained in her very makeup. The idea that, "reality exists only in the spirit
world, and that things which are seen in the physical world are only reflections of the spirit world,"
was the basis of her writings (Walker, 2010).
Role of Poetry
Poetry played a significant role in the American Renassiance primarily because those who wrote the
poems were largely involved in the movement, or were deeply passionate about their lives and the
various causes they stood for. It is sad but true that many of the writers were able to present such
indepth

Isabel Allende: A Famous Chilean-American Writer
Isabel Allende is 73 and was born on August 2, 1942. She was born in Lima, Peru, but later moved
to Santiago, Chile. Isabel is a famous Chilean–American writer, whose novels are often based off
her personal experience.
Isabel was born with the name Isabel Allende Llona, the daughter of Francisca Llona Bars and
Tomás Allende. In 1945, after her father disappeared, Isabel's mother relocated with her children to
Santiago, Chile, where they lived until 1953. In the years 1953 to 1958, her mother married Ramón
Huidobro and moved often. In Bolivia, she attended a private school, and then they move to Beirut,
Lebanon, where she was able to attend an English private school. The family then returned to Chile
in 1958. There Isabel was able to

Mabel Dodge Luhan, An American Artist, Writer, And Social...
Mabel Dodge Luhan was an American artist, writer, and social activist, who helped make New
Mexico the center of arts and culture that it is today, as well as help inspire the modern art
movement, and spread the progressive/free–thought movement. In the enormous collection of
literature attributed to her, Mabel admitted to having neurotic and sociopathic tendencies; she was a
hypocrite, believed power and authority gave her life meaning, and acted out of emotion in most life
situations. Although she admitted to being a person of questionable character, she was seen as a
kind, compassionate, honorable, and intelligent woman, by her friends, colleagues, and lovers:
Mabel was indeed a revolutionary. Born in Buffalo, New York, on February 26, 1879 to Sarah Cook
and Charles Ganson, two members of America's wealthy upper–class, Mabel had a privileged life.
At this time, the United States was a growing world power, and its rate of industrialization
persuaded many American's that their Western, Anglo morals were superior to that of other cultures.
Her parents were like those Americans who focused on the growing industrialization of America and
upkeep of American ideals. Mabel was raised to be a "proper" lady, to wed, and be a good wife and
mother, she received little attention from her parents, who substituted love for power, and she was
raised primarily by their servants. Mabel grew rebellious of her parents and the ideology of the
growing industrialized America, her rebellious

Influential American Writers Who Believed and Wrote about...
In history we had many different authors who set standards for many other authors today. We
covered many different so far in the semester some of these authors have similar views and some
with totally different views. We covered Jean De Crevecover, Thomas Paine, Ben Franklin, Thomas
Jefferson, and Phillis Wheatley. These authors are Revolutionary War Era author who's trying to
answer what is an American. In history many authors try to answer this question. You get many
difference answers for this question. Jean De Crevecover is French American author. Crevecover
was born January 31,1735 and died November 12, 1813. Jean de Crevecover served French and
Indian War. He moved to New York State and became a farmer. He ... Show more content on
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Ben Franklin and Thomas Jefferson were both American presidents. Thomas Jefferson was an
American Founding Father. He was born April 13 1743 and died July 4, 1826. Thomas Jefferson
was anti slavery. Jefferson was famous for writing the Declaration Of Independent. Ben Franklin
was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. Ben Franklin was born January 17, 1706 and
died April 17, 1790. Ben Franklin is known for this work "Poor Richard". Ben Franklin wasn't just
an author he was also a scientist. He was also known for the kite and key experiment. Jean De
Crevecover wrote "What is An American" A letter from an American farmer. Letters from an
American Farmer is letters Describing Certain Situations, Manners, and Customs not Generally
Known. The twelve letters cover topics from the emergence of an American identity to the slave
trade. Crevecover wrote Letters during a period of seven years prior to the American Revolutionary
War while farming land near Orange County New York. It is told from the viewpoint of a English
man, and each letter concerns a different aspect of life or location in the British colonies of America.
Crevecover was against slavery he believes everyone such be free. Thomas Paine published
"Common Senses" on 1776 spoke about independence for the American colonies from Britain.
Common Sense played a remarkable role in transforming a colonial into the American Revolution.
Common Sense inspired

Lorraine Hansberry Is An African American Play Writer Who
Lorraine Hansberry is an African American play writer who wrote the play "A Raisin in the Sun."
The Play highlights the lives of a lower–class Black American family in the 1950s living under
racial segregation and oppression in Chicago. The title of the play was inspired from the poem
"Harlem" by Langston Hughes. The poem questions "What happens to a dream deferred? Does it
dry up like a raisin in the sun?" (Hansberry, 2013, p. 976). The protagonist, Walter Lee Younger,
struggles internally with dissatisfaction of obtaining his dream of becoming successful. The play
transitions of the tone of the protagonist as being defiant, argumentative, inattentive, in which; he
experiences an epiphany and has a brighter perception that the most ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The protagonist, Walter Lee Younger, a chauffeur, wants to achieve economic freedom by becoming
successful through owning his own business. During this time, racial oppression prevented African
American from being an owner of a business. Beneatha Younger, his sister, is a college student that
wants to use the money to pursue medical school and become a doctor. In addition, an African
American female pursuing a doctorate degree was unlikely. Mama Younger and Ruth Younger wants
to have stability for the family by living in a house. Though, the affordable home is in a white
neighborhood. African American families wouldn't move into white neighborhoods because of racial
discrimination. In a way, the dreams are similar. The family is fighting oppression of racism by
using the money to break societal barriers. The Younger family struggle to attain these dreams.
Through the protagonist, the theme of family unification is prominent which is displayed in his
internal conflict where he threatens to belittle his family pride to gain personal success.
Mama Walter's plant is symbolic which is seen throughout the play. In the first scene, she is attracted
and concerned about the plant. She provides nourishment and care, but complains that the plant
needs more sunlight so it can grow and blossom. Even though not grown under the best
environment, the plant does not perish under her

Dr Nehisi Coates, An American Educator, Journalist, And...
Ta–Nehisi Coates is an American educator, journalist, and writer. Ta–Nehisi writes about social,
cultural, and political issues, regarding African–Americans for The Atlantic where he is a national
correspondent. Not only did Coates write the book Between the World and Me but he also wrote The
Beautiful Struggle.Before reading this book I had no clue who Ta–Nehisi Coates was. When I first
read that we had to do a book report I immediately froze up because I hate reading books. I
prejudged Between The World And Me before I even opened the book. I inferred that it would be a
very boring just by looking at the cover over the book, looks can be deceiving. Ta–Nehisi had three
goals when he decided to write this book. He explained that the first goal was personal, he wanted
his son to understand that this is White America. He wanted the world to intellectually and
emotionally process Between the World and Me, so that the readers could understand how the world
is being portrayed from a black man's point of view. Coates wanted white Christians to be interested
and curious about his book, which became another goal for him to write this book. Those white
Christians that believed racism had completely been deceased. Lastly, he wanted the world to
explore theological connections with the book. Hopefully, allowing other African Americans to
believe that we're stuck also. I personally believe he did all three throughout the book. "The Dream"
is a thought that us black people will one day

Noteworthy American Writers: Carson McCullers Essay
Carson McCullers is regarded as one of the most noteworthy American writers of the twentieth
century. She had a challenging life; she was constantly battling illness, a turbulent marriage and
alcoholism. The way she lived and felt is reflected in some of her novellas and short stories. In
Ballad of a Sad Cafe there is a blend of isolation and the absence of love that consumes three
characters: Amelia, Marvin, and Lymon. The novella The Members of the Wedding delves into the
life of Frankie Adams an immature 12 year old who battles the trials and tribulations of her
upcoming teenage years. McCullers peculiar characters writhe from loneliness and the pursuit of
love that is recognized by the reader with deep compassion. The novella ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Love blinded Marvin to the point that he acquired a lawyer and signed over everything he owned to
Amelia, which was ten acres of "timberland" (McCullers 221). Amelia agrees to Marvin's proposal
even though the feeling isn't mutual and after ten days she runs him off her property and they
divorce. Angered by the lack of respect and devotion from Amelia, Marvin's criminal activities
return with a vengeance and he finds himself going to prison for is wrongdoings. Marvin loved the
unemotional and unpleasant Miss Amelia, but before his brief marriage to her Marvin was portrayed
as: "The beloved of many females in the region and there were at the time several young girls who
were clean–haired and soft–eyed, with tender sweet little buttocks and charming ways. These gentle
young girls he degraded and shamed. Then finally, at the age of twenty–two, this Marvin Macy
chose Miss Amelia. That solitary, gangling, queer–eyed girl was the one he longed for. Nor did he
want her because of her money, but solely out of love and love changed Marvin Macy" (McCullers
218). True love reformed Marvin; ironically, the same love returns him back to his former ways
making him an even worse person than before. Harold Bloom, who edited Bloom's Modern Critical
Interpretations, states "All of McCullers' characters share a particular quirk in the exercise of their
capacity to love–they

College Is An American Writer
All humans come to a point on whether or not they would like to attend college. College is a step
one takes to further their education in the pursuit of having a career. But is that the only reason why
someone would really choose to go to college? Choosing to become part of a huge or small
community that holds a lot responsibilities is big decision one must think thoroughly about. They
must have a purpose behind it for its rare to see someone say "I want to go to college just because I
want." Louis Menand, an American writer, has addressed this question with the three most common
theories as to why someone would decide to go to college. His theories will show the different
perspectives upon the arrival of choosing to attend college which will lead to what I find very
convincing from them all.
We go to college to spend four years of our lives and thousands of money on the school, yet we
never ask ourselves why we choose to attend college. Menand developed three reasons as to why
people may choose to go to college; meritocratic, democratic, and vocational. These theories arose
when asked a simply, yet very intellectual question, "Why did we have to buy this book?" (Menand
pp. 1). Theory one beliefs that only the intelligent ones are able to attend this four year university.
The education given in college is help progress the society we live in. In order for that to happen,
"society needs a mechanism for sorting out its more intelligent members from its less intelligent
ones"

The Influence Of Past American Women Writers
The Influence of Past American Women Writers Amy Tan, Julia Ward Howe, and Judith Sargent
Murray are some of the noble women whom have helped shape the lives of their fellow gender with
the talents of their writing. Much of their writing became increasingly influential years after it was
written. Their literature allows today's modern readers to reflect on the humanity and the treatment
of women, understand history's past, and use it as an example to continue spreading the vision of the
equality of women today. Tan was known for her willingness to stand up for herself against her
mother, in pursuits to find her own dreams versus those of what her mother had laid out for her
(Showalter, Ch. "Amy Tan"). Howe was a poet, and founder of the nation's "Battle Hymn of the
Republic", she was known for her activism of women's rights, abolition, and world peace
(Showalter, Ch. "Julia Ward Howe"). Lastly, Murray was known as the first woman of American
letters, speaking for women's rights after the American Revolutionary War (Showalter, Ch. "Judith
Sargent Murray"). Tan, Howe, and Murray have proved to be influential not only in America's
historic past, but inspiration leading to today and the future as well. These women are excellent
examples to learn from in taking ownership of their women's rights and the equalities we shall have,
in our still unequal world. "Amy Tan was born in Oakland, California. Both of her parents were
Chinese immigrants" ("Amy Tan Biography –– Academy of

African Americans : African American And A Writer
Being African–American and a writer was rare to say back then since many people viewed African–
Americans as uneducated and illiterate. Till this day many people still see African–Americans as
less competent than any other person from a different race. Throughout history we've seen many
accomplishments from African–Americans, either it being in sports or in the educational field. I've
never doubted African–Americans on their capacity on what they can and cannot do. African–
Americans have broken many barriers and stereotypes of what prejudice and racist people view
them as. It's nice to be alive knowing and seeing how currently our president, Barack Obama is an
African–American who ran for presidency and won the two terms he ran for. I hope educators and
leaders of this country start shifting their views on Africa–Americans and stop downgrading them
because they are humans as well and they're capable of doing anything they set their mind to. May
educators motivate African–American students and help them achieve instead of giving up on them
and not seeing their potential. Throughout this course I have learned many knowledge from African–
American authors who have shown the world what they're capable of and their creativity in their
writings. Two authors who I found very interesting while reading their writings were Nat Turner and
Malcolm X. The purpose of writing this paper is to compare and contrast Nat Turner and Malcolm X
of what I have learned from their writings and as well

Mark Twain Is The Pen Name Used By American Writer
Melissa Izzo
Professor Rachel Braaten
HUM 2235
24 October 2014
Mark Twain Mark Twain is the pen name used by American writer Samuel Langhorn Clemens.
Twain is an iconic American author and humorist who used both his personal struggles and gifts as a
writer, to impact society from the nineteenth century into the present. He came from a large family
and was born in Florida, Missouri, and lived from 1835 to 1910. Two of Mark Twain's works which
become a staple of his career were The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and the sequel The Adventures
of Huckleberry Finn. Like everyone else, Mark Twain had a personal life beyond his writings which
consisted of a marriage and children. Lesser known of his works, Mark Twain published a science–
fiction novel along with many short stories and essays. Toward the end of his life, Mark Twain
experienced both fame and personal struggle, which led to his inevitable death. Samuel Langhorn
Clemens was born on November 30th, 1835 to his mother and father, Jane Lampton Clemens and
John Marshall. He was the sixth born of their children, who all stayed in the small town of Florida,
Missouri until Twain was four years old. Then, in 1839, the family moved not too far, to the town of
Hannibal in Mississippi. Sadly, at the age of thirteen, Twain had to leave school to become a
printer's assistance after his father died of pneumonia. Few people know where the pen name "Mark
Twain" comes from. When he turned seventeen, Twain moved out of Hannibal to St. Louis

The Most Important American Woman Writers Of The 19th Century
Noble Yet Contradictory American Women Writers of the 19th Century
Fighting for One Cause
Written expression is a beautiful thing and one of which is a freedom in which Americans are
granted, upon becoming citizens of the United States. Harriet Beecher Stowe is known as "The most
important American woman writer of the nineteenth century" (Showalter, Ch. Harriet Beecher
Stowe). Famous for Uncle Tom's Cabin, Stowe published ten novels during her writing career.
Stowe began writing in the 1830's to support her family of seven children and husband, Calvin
Stowe. Stowe wrote with a comedic tone, yet, she also had intentions of writing for a purpose of the
weakening of human ethics and the troubles of servitude. She was a very bright, ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
That 'ere's so now, ain't it?" (Showalter, Ch. Harriet Beecher Stowe) The language of Sam's
character is showing both his lack of education and also proper knowledge of the English language.
His aunt chimes in dialect from time to time in the story, but seems to be slightly more proper than
her nephew, "My opinion is that if folks don't mind their own business, and do with their might what
their hands finds to do, the Millennium won't come at all" (Showalter, Ch. Harriet Beecher Stowe).
It is interesting to see how Stowe, even in the nineteenth century, recognizes the importance of an
education, along with proper English, and implements these stereotypes throughout her fictitious
stories. With this noted, it shows how informal her writing style appears and appeals to various
readers whom may pick up her book(s). For example, the highly educated readers enjoying this title
may delight in mocking the poor literacy of Sam. Conversely, one who has little education may be
able to pick up on phonetic words that the author has created, laughing along with Sam struggling to
see the Aunt's perspective. For example, ""Why, lordy massy, boys," he would say, "I can't bear to
see no kind o' critter in torment. These 'ere pouts ain't to blame for bein' fish, and ye ought to put 'em
out of misery. Fish hes their rights as well as any on us" (Showalter, Ch. Harriet Beecher Stowe). In
the statement, Sam uses "country" type language for words like "massy", "o'critter", and

Langston Hughes, An American Born Writer During The Harlem...
Langston Hughes was an American born writer during the Harlem Renaissance era. His work shed
light on issues that white Americans turned their backs to. Racism and segregations was, at one
time, a very large issue in our country. Hughes addressed that issue throughout poetry and in doing
so, became the most popular writer of his time. He opened the eyes of many, while accurately
portraying African American culture in such a way that everyone couldn't respect. The passion that
Hughes had for his topics is easily identified in his poems. A great majority of his poems relate back
to African American customs, struggles, heritage, and music. For that reason, Hughes became listed
among the greatest versatile writers of his time. Langston Hughes supported equally then, and today
his work is remembered as such. "Mother to Son," is the first poem that I read by Hughes. Just by
the title alone, I knew that this work was going to be heavy. Throughout the story, Hughes' mother
references crystal stairs, stating that "life for me ain't been no crystal stairs." The stairs that she is
referring to would be the stairs that lead to equality and freedom. She also states that the stairs she
took were splintered and torn up. To me, that symbolizes slavery and the troubles she endured
throughout her life thus far. Knowing that, the term "crystal stairs" then becomes a bit easier to
grasp. White people are given the crystal stairs, meaning that their path is smooth and paved. Where
as blacks of

Biography Of Jacqueline Bacon, African American Writer,...
Jacqueline Bacon, African American writer, quoted Samuel Cornish and John Russwurm in her
essay Freedom's Journal, The First African–American Newspaper: " We wish to plead our own
cause. Too long have others spoken for us" (Brown 13). This quote gave slaves a sense of
empowerment to stand up for themselves and no longer be property, but people. The Freedom
Journal is the first African American newspaper that was published in March 16, 1827 in New York
City by free black men Samuel Cornish and John Russwurm. They felt that a national newspaper
will give them a chance to have freedom to voice their opinions about public debates. Through their
process of creating their newspaper they endured many trials of deal with hatred and being criticized
for their choices. Through the time of creating the newspaper they were able to establish a black free
communities. " Beginning in the 1780s, a first generation of leaders began to address issues if
identity, self–determination, and group consciousness. They did so against a backdrop of racism,
oppression, violence, and tension within the new republic about slavery and the place of free African
American in the nation" ( Brown 14). Richard Allen, Frederick Douglass, and Solomon Northrup are
leaders for overcoming slavery, shaping African American history, and creating a community for
blacks to come together. These three influential people pleaded their case to gain their own voice
and identity.
Richard Allen was born a slave in

William Edward Burgardt : African American Leading...
William Edward Burgardt was an African–American leading sociologist, writer, and activist (Staff,
2009). He was educated at Harvard University, as well as, other top schools (Staff, 2009). William
studied with some of the best social thinkers of his time (Staff, 2009). He rose to fame with his
publication of such works as Souls Black Folk that was created in 1903 (Staff, 2009). Furthermore,
he was one of the founders for the NAACP, or the National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People, who also had their own magazine, and Dubious helped with the editing of the
magazine (Staff, 2009). William was a teacher at various universities, such as: Wilberforce
University, and Atlanta University as well as, a chair for the Peace information Center (Staff, 2009).
Du Bois and Washington has quite the rivalry over the racial uplift. Furthermore, Brooker T.
Washington was another leader of the African– American leaders of the 19th and the 20th Century
(Brooker T. Washington, 2015). He was the founder of Tuskegee University (Brooker T.
Washington, 2015). Brooker put himself through school, and became a teacher (Brooker T.
Washington, 2015).. However, the Tuskegee University he founded focused on training African–
American 's with their agricultural pursuits (Brooker T. Washington, 2015). Washington however,
clashed with Du Bois over the best ways for racial uplift (Brooker T. Washington, 2015). There was
quite a rivalry between Du Bois and Washington, and it was evident to

American Writer F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay
American writer F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896–1940) rose to prominence as a chronicler of the jazz age.
Born in St. Paul, Minnesota, Fitzgerald had the good fortune–and the misfortune–to be a writer who
summed up an era. The son of an alcoholic failure from Maryland and an adoring, intensely
ambitious mother, he grew up acutely conscious of wealth and privilege–and of his family's
exclusion from the social elite. After entering Princeton in 1913, he became a close friend of
Edmund Wilson and John Peale Bishop and spent most of his time writing lyrics for Triangle Club
theatrical productions and analyzing how to triumph over the school's intricate social rituals. He left
Princeton without graduating and used it as the setting for his first novel, This Side of Paradise
(1920). It was perfect literary timing. After flunking out of Princeton and joining the army,
Fitzgerald began writing his first novel, 'This Side of Paradise', for fear that he would be killed in
the Great War for which he was never deployed. He struggled to produce anything anybody was
interested in publishing; however, while stationed outside of Montgomery, Alabama, Fitzgerald fell
in love with Zelda Sayre, the daughter of a state supreme court judge. Fitzgerald 's financial
situation was, to put it frankly, quite poor, and after a short engagement Sayre discontinued their
relationship. Dismayed, yet newly motivated to win back his engagement to Zelda, Fitzgerald quit
his job as an adman in New York City, moved

How Did Benjamin Franklin Influence American Writers
Benjamin Franklin, one of the most well–known historical figures, was also an American writer. He
was a major contributor to the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. He is best known
for discovering electricity and his best known literature work is "The Art of Virtue". He was a gifted
scientist and inventor. He has made a lasting impact on American literature and the American
society and way of life. Benjamin Franklin was an author, diplomat, American printer, philosopher
and a scientist.
When Benjamin was young, he loved to read. He would borrow books from anyone who would lend
them to him. He would read about anything he could. He developed an interest in writing but did not
know how because he only had two years of school. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1757, he went to England to represent Pennsylvania. He went to England to fight over the Penn
family over who should represent the Colony. He remained in England to 1775, as a Colonial
representative not only of Pennsylvania. In 1765, Franklin was caught by surprise by America's
overwhelming opposition to the Stamp Act. His testimony before Parliament helped persuade the
members to repeal the law. Franklin proposed a plan to unite the colonies and in 1754, he would
earnestly start working toward that goal. Franklin was elected to the Second Continental Congress
and worked on a committee that had five people in it that helped to draft the Declaration of
Independence. Though much of the writing is Thomas Jefferson's, much of the contribution is
Franklin's. In 1776 Franklin signed the

Essay on Black American Women Writers
Ques. Discuss the circumstances in which writing by black American women gained literary and
cultural prominence in the last two decades and a half of the 20th century.What are the most
dominant themes in their writings?Comment also on the stylistic innovations present in the writings
of some of these writers. The year 1970 proved to be a watershed moment in the history of black
women's writing and their struggle for emancipation.Many black women had distanced/were
distancing themselves from the Feminist movement of the 60's.These women made their presence
felt by drawing people's attention to their concerns which were different from those of white
women.The black women's writing,which was revived in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Now,if one looks at the ways in which in the black women were oppressed by the black men, one
would note these ways were derived from the mainstream American culture itself.Bell Hooks calls
the borrowing of the mainstream cultural values by the slaves–' the slave sub–culture',and the
patriarchal order of the society was a part of this sub–culture.By adopting the white middle class
values the black men found it easier to suppress black women under patriarchy.The black men
asserted their masculinity through the suppression of black women which served the designs of
these men.This stance of weilding power was meant to be a statement to the white men of black
men's masculinity and the effeminate character of the whites.The statement against the whites was
made on the ground that the whites could not control their women from infiltrating the work force
while black men had subjugated their women.The black man,therefore felt a rare sense of
superiority when he defeated the white man in their

Importance of Early American Women Writers Essay
What could be said to early American women's writers except, thank you? The first American
women's writers opened doors and laid the foundation for future women's writers and readers.
Today's women raise children, supervise households, and work outside the home with every modern
convenience available, and as you would expect do not find the time to write, except for a grocery
list. Early American women raised children and supervised households without the modern
conveniences of today and in some way made time to write the first poetry of the "New World." For
example, Everette Emerson gives a picture of Anne Bradstreet a housewife who stole hours from
sleep for writing gave women American writers their start (4). Different styles of ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Bradstreet poetry was considered "plain style." She offered the reader a look into the private world,
her world. "Upon Burning in Our House" was a simple style poem about the truth put into simple
words, as were all of Bradstreet's poems. Bradstreet tells about faith in God and belongings lost in
the poem. Bradstreet addressed her husband, children, God, and community in her poems. Her
maternal instinct and dedication were present in her writing. In the poem, "The Author to Her
Book," Bradstreet compares the poem itself to a child, her child:
Thou ill–formed offspring of my feeble brain,
Who after birth did'st by my side remain,
Till snatched from thence by friends, less wise than true,
Who thee abroad, exposed to public view,
Made thee in rags, halting to th' press to trudge,
These errors were not lessened (all may judge).
At thy return my blushing was not small,
my rambling brat in (in print) should mother call,
I cast thee by as one unfit for light,
My visage was so irksome in my sight;

Yet being mine own, at length affection would
thy blemishes amend, if so I could:
I washed thy face, but defects I saw,
And rubbing off a spot, still made a flaw...(Meridian 33.1–14)
Bradstreet wanted her poetry to remain private. She accepted her poetry unconditionally, like a
mother accepts her child, because if she tried to correct the poem's flaws more flaws appeared. A
distinct expression of Bradstreet true love to her

Langston Hughes, An African American Writer
Langston Hughes, an African American writer who interpreted to the world the black experience in
the US and portrayed them with skill and insight, was born February 1st, 1902 into the home of the
couple James and Carrie Hughes. Hughes ' mother attended college and had an artistic temperament.
James Nathanial Hughes was a prosperous lawyer and rancher in Mexico who disliked the black
poor and hated Negroes. On April 30, 1899, in Guthrie, Oklahoma, him and his wife Carrie were
married and were pregnant within a few days after the wedding. When the U.S. census taker came
around on June 5, 1900 the tragedy struck couple reported the loss of their first child, a boy;
apparently he was buried earlier that year. Langston came along next and soon after his parents
separated. When Langston was between the age of 5 and 7 his parents tried to reconcile with each
other in Mexico. The reunion ended on the night of April 14, 1907 after an earthquake shook the
ground over a vast region in Mexico. After the incident Carrie, her mother and her son fled Mexico.
Hughes was raised by his mother, who later married Homer Clark, and his grandmother, who had
served as a conductor on the Underground Railroad with her husband earlier in her life. Langston
lived in about half a dozen cities before him and his new family settled in Cleveland. Langston
Hughes found his first job; he gathered maple seeds and most likely sold them to the Bartheldes
Seed Company. Moving forward with his life Langston

Kate Chopin, An American Writer
Kate Chopin, an American writer, known for her vivid portrayals of women's lives during the late
1800s. Her fiction works usually set in Louisiana, which contributed too much of her description of
women's roles. During Chopin's time, Louisiana was in the midst of reconstruction and was having
racial and economic issues. (Skaggs 4) Louisiana is the setting for many of Chopin's stories, and
they depict a realistic picture of Louisiana society. Kate Chopin published two novels and many
short stories. Most of Chopin's work challenged whether or not women should continue to follow
the traditions of their time. Skaggs stated that critics described Chopin as a "feminist, a local
colorist, a regionalist, a romantic, a neotranscendentalist, an ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
As the exhaustion of liberty finally sets in, Mrs. Mallard loses it all in an instance.
"Chopin is considered a regional writer, and her setting often plays as important a role in the story as
do her characters," such as in "The Storm," the hurricane leaves Calixta alone causing the events
that follow (Jaroff 1). The "Storm" discusses a woman trapped inside an old, wooden cabin during a
storm. The woman seems fragile and scared. For example, the woman's son says, "Mama'll be
'fraid...Maybe she got Sylvie helpin' her this evenin'" (Chopin 1). As she awaited the storm to pass in
the store, Calixta was at home gathering all the clothing from the lines, when a man showed up that
she had not seen since her marriage. In "The Storm," it describes a married woman who has never
been alone since her marriage. Implying that her marriage is confining her. Although she married at
a young age, she never lost sight of her cheerfulness. The women were crying for their families to
come home safe and sound from the storm, but as she looked out the window, the man came and put
his arm around her shoulder to comfort her. As they begin to have an affair, it was almost as if they
are trying to go against the traditions. During this time in history, women could not just be "free," so
Chopin begins to argue that freedom is crucial. Women should be able to make their choices as to
how they want to live. The "storm" signifies a disaster, but in

Mary Boykin Miller : An American Diarist And Writer During...
Mary Boykin Chesnut was born March 31, 1823 in Stateburg, South Carolina. She was an American
diarist and writer during the Civil War was in session. Her birth name was Mary Boykin Miller,
oldest daughter of Mary Boykin Miller and Stephen Decatur Miller. The Miller family was a
wealthy owner of a plantation. Plantation had a large farm with resident workers and slaves. Her
father was a politician who supported states` rights over the national government and set their own
policies and having the power to legalize slavery. Her family and she moved from South Carolina to
capital city of Columbia and then returned to Camden.
In Camden she began attending school at the age of ten years old. At the age of Thirteen she was
sent to a Madame Talvande`s French School for Young Ladies in Charleston, South Carolina. In
1836 she meets her husband James Chesnut Jr when he was on a visit with his niece. Over the years
he showed love attractions with her. James Chesnut Jr is a Princeton University Graduate. Mary
returned to Camden in 1838 when her when her dad died. James and Mary got married on April 23,
1840 at the age of seventeen and settled outside of Camden. (Encyclopedia of World Biography,
2015)
James Chesnut and Mary Boykin Chesnut spent 20 years in Camden and then James was elected to
the U.S. Senate in 1858 and served as a confederacy aide of Jefferson Davis. He moved down to the
very highest circles of southern society and took Mary with him (Civil War Trust, 2014). During the

Harper Lee : An Iconic American Writer
Harper Lee is an iconic American writer that almost every middle school child in America has heard
of due her first book How to Kill a Mockingbird. For a very long time she has been compared to
J.D. Salinger since the both of these writers have only one iconic piece of literature. Recently this
comparison has changed when her lawyer, Tonja Carter, started to make more important decisions
for Harper Lee after her sister passed away. Some people, including family and friends, believe that
one of these decisions was to publish one of Harper Lee's manuscripts that she has chosen not to
publish over 58 years ago. Due to Harper Lee's health condition, she is considered to be deaf and
blind at the age of 88, Tonja Carter is in charge of representing her best interest to the public. This
comes with a large amount of concerns as to whose decision it was to publish her latest book.
Shortly after her sister's death and Carter finding the manuscript for Watchmen, what would later
become Go set a Watchmen, Carter claims that Harper Lee has changed her mind about never
publishing again and has done so by letter; yet no one other than Carter has seen said letter. Along
with the great amount change comes scrutiny as to whether Lee is in the mental condition to be
making this amount of change; when asked about this, Carter and Lee's international rights agent
both say she is completely able to make these choices. When The Washington Post started to ask
Lee's agent about the publishing

Comparing Colonial And Revolutionary American Writers
Colonial and revolutionary American writers had quite a few differences, yet were quite similar as
well. The dominant interests of revolutionary writers were political and social, whereas the interests
of colonial writers were mainly religious and economic. Most of the colonial writers– such as John
Smith– mostly fled from religious persecution in Europe. For example, those aboard the Mayflower
had quite a number of pilgrims who had fled from England to Holland, seeking religious freedom.
These Pilgrims jumped at the chance to go to the New World, where they could worship however
they please. Revolutionary writers, like Benjamin Franklin, sought freedom from tyranny: they
focused on breaking free from English rule and taxes. They did not only

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