1. What did Nixon accomplish as President? What effects did Nixon’s impeachment have on the Nation? Did we learn our lesson from the oil shock of the 1970s? Should we be involved with approval/ disapproval of foreign leaders? The 1970sThe Nixon, Ford, Carter Years
2. The Moral Majority Emerges Outrage over Engel v. Vitale decision in 1962 Prayer cannot be led by school officials Other areas of concern Divorce rate ½ of all first marriages end in divorce Abortion Working Moms Gay rights movement
3. Moving to the Sunbelt People begin to move South Economic opportunities in the South Less unions Different political climate Low taxes Less government regulation Reliance on business
5. Nixon is President “We cannot learn from one another until we stop shouting at one another-until we speak quietly enough so that our words can be heard as well as our voices.”
6. Nixon’s Domestic Policies Affirmative action Ensure hiring of minorities for all government contracts of more than $50,000 Creation of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration Safe working conditions Creation of the Environmental Protection Agency Enforce clean air and water act Tackle smog Air pollutants Cost of living raises for people on Social Security Revenue sharing Federal funds are allocated to local governments Local governments are responsible for allocating money Turn integration of schools to courts Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenburg decision
7. Détente Relaxation of Cold War tensions Changed view of the Cold War Traditional power rivalry that can be managed rather than be won Use trade instead of war Soviet economy was weak Use grain and technology to improve relations
9. SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks) Arms control pact Agreements signed by Nixon and Leonid Brezhnev Limit to 200 antiballistic missiles each Froze the number of offensive ballistic missiles for a five year period Symbolic first step
10. Ending the Vietnam War Three part plan Gradual withdraw of American troops Renewed bombing Hard line negations with Hanoi
11. Response to the Bombing of Cambodia Widespread student protest Kent State University near Cleveland Ohio had some of the worst riots Students bombed the ROTC building Governor sent National guard soldiers to university Guardsmen opened fire 4 students were killed and 11 were wounded
12. Watergate Scandal Nixon did not want release of information about American foreign policy Used a covert surveillance team known as “plumbers” to make sure they were no leaks Plumbers branched out to spying on Democratic National Committee at the Watergate office complex
13. Effects of Watergate Short term effects Nixon fired aides including John Dean Dean implicated Nixon Nixon refused to release tapes Court ordered him to Nixon resigned 25 aides were sentenced to jail Long term effects Showed a lust for power rather than money (Whiskey Ring and Tea Pot Dome) Showed the power of the press Washington Post released scandal Woodrow and Bernstein Deep Throat
14. War in the Middle East (War of Attrition) Egypt and Syria attack Israel Wanted revenge Seized Golan Heights from Syria Sinai Peninsula from Egypt Jerusalem and the West Bank from Jordan Israel won again Nixon and Kissinger intervened
15. October War (Yom Kippur War) No battles OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries ) cut oil production by 5% Would continue each month until Israel gave land back Nixon gave an emergency aid package for Israel Saudi Arabia cut off ALL oil to the U.S.
16. Oil Shortage Rise in oil prices Doubled price in 2 weeks Long lines at gas station Plea to American people Car pool Don’t go anywhere for pleasure Turn down thermostats Lasted 6 months Kissinger negotiated Israeli pullback in Sinai
17. Effects of First Energy Crisis Used 40% of energy even though only 6% of world’s population Showed our dependence on foreign oil Led to decrease in demand for U.S. cars Chrysler is saved by U.S. government
18. The Great Inflation Rise in gas prices effect price of everything else U.S. had a $420 billion dollar deficit from Vietnam War Rise in food prices due to worldwide shortage Unemployment rose by 9%
19. President Ford Only President not elected Appointed by Nixon after Spiro Agnew is forced to resign for accepting bribes as Governor of Maryland Granted Nixon a pardon Disclosed actions of CIA Appointed George H. Bush as head of CIA to clean it up
20. American Economy Shifts Old factories could not compete with Japan and Western Europe Oil shocks led to demand for smaller cars Foreign cars gain in U.S. market Lose steel industry Other nations had better technology Labor unions lose power Move to computers and service (teaching and social work)
21. Environmentalism Oil shocks show need for alternative fuels Solar Expensive Cloudy- no power Hydro Not enough suitable dam sites Wind Where wind blew not a lot of people Nuclear Controversial Waste products are radioactive Accidents Three Mile Island Chernobyl Earth Day
22. President Carter “I’ll Never tell a lie.” Won election as an outsider to Washington Didn’t know much Blames aides and American citizens that he can’t get anything done
23. South American Relations Nicaragua Sandinista forces led by Anastasio Somoza aligned with Castro El Salvador Carter wasn’t sure what to do Communist governments? Repressive regimes?
24. Camp David Accords Leaders from Egypt and Israel meet Egypt- Anwar Sadat Israel- Menachem Begin Emerged after 13 days with a set of negotiations Middle Eastern countries needed Egypt’s approval to attack Israel Gradual return of Sinai to Egypt Question of Gaza Strip and West Bank were left unsettled
25. Revolution in Iran U.S. depended on shah for defense the Persian Gulf People of Iran were discontent with their leader Ayatollah Khomeini led a revolt against the shah and he was forced to flee Shah was allowed to enter for medical treatment Upset with the U.S., militants seized the embassy in Tehran and took 53 American Prisoners
26. Iranian Hostage Crisis Showed American decline in power Rescue mission failed Hostages were held for 444 day Released when Reagan was President
27. Soviets invade Afghanistan December 1979 Appeared to be thrust toward Indian Ocean and the Persian Gulf Carter Doctrine Threatened armed opposition to any further Soviet advance toward the Gulf Banned sale of high technology to Russia Embargo on export grain Resumed draft registration Boycotted 1980 Moscow Olympics
