Why Markets May Fail to Generate Socially Desirable Outcomes

Why Markets May Fail to Generate Socially Desirable Outcomes
Discuss why markets may fail to generate socially desirable outcomes.
The term market refers to the group of consumers (households, firms or government) that is interested in product or service
and has the resources to purchase that product. Acquiring the product and/or getting a service are always permitted by law
and other regulations. The market definition begins with the total population and progressively narrows as show in the
following diagram.
Market definition
Conceptual diagram
The size of the market is not fixed and depends on the product price. It is increasing while increasing the prices and
decreasing while decreasing the prices. In addition, qualified markets can be increased through changes in legislation ... Show
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Interests of consumers and suppliers are harmonized – brought into equilibrium. In this model, prices are determined
impersonally in the market and this secures the equality between those demanding the good and those supplying the good.
Neoclassical model examines the commodity prices influences by grouping them into two categories; side of supply (such as:
right kind of labour, raw materials, machinery, power and the used technology) and side of demand (such as: influences
affecting consumer demand e.g. income, lifestyle, age, and the social conventions and expectations)
Neoclassical model can reflect one of the causes to market failure; Asymmetric information. It represents the lack of relevant
information. The people can not make maximizing decisions if they are poorly informed about the things they are buying or
selling. Neoclassical model main weakness is that it models the competitive outcome, i.e. equilibrium, rather than the
competitive process. In this point people will never have complete information when responding to economic changes.
F.A. Hayek is representing the third theoretical perspective of the competitive market. He admire the basic idea of the
Neoclassical model (perfect competition) pointing out its main weakness; lack of emphasis on the process of competitive
price information (Neoclassical emphasizing the equilibrium outcome different perspective than Hayek). Hayek theory
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Management of Business
Name: Christopher Stephenson Grade: 5 bus sci 2 (lower six) Centre #: 100028 School: Dint hill Technical Teacher: Mr.
Johnson CONTENT TITLE PAGE
Topic–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
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Title––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
3 Aims and Objectives––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 4
Research ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The business traditionally produces sugar cane but between the period 1982–1995 the land was converted to citrus. The
varieties of citrus produce by the business include: Parson Brown , Valencia, Pineapple, Ortaniques and limes. PURPOSE OF
STUDY The purpose of this study is to find out the different factors that are involve in the production of Tru–juice and to
gasp a fair knowledge of how they are implemented and also the changes that have take place in these factors over the past
years. The researcher would also want to know the vital roles each factor's play when relating to the production level of the
business and other decisions METHODOLOGY The researcher used both primary and secondary source to obtain
information. The primary source used is questionnaires. A questionnaire may be defined as a written set of questions
answered by a number of people to provide information for a survey. A total of ten (10) questionnaires were issued to
workers, nine males and one female in the production and other department of Tru–juice Company limited was issue on a
particular day and all were collected back within ten working days. The reasons the researcher decided to use written
questionnaires are: * Questionnaire allows data to be collected from a large number of people. *

Uk Financial Services Act Of 2012
Introduction
The UK Financial Services Act of 2012 was put into effect the 1st of April 2013 and contained the government reforms on
the financial regulatory structure in the United Kingdom. This Act gave new guidelines for management of the banking sector
and other supervisory roles in the financial services sector, which include the following. The oversight role of the Bank of
England was bestowed therefore, it is expected to be responsible for the occurrences in the financial system and how
financial institutions manage themselves. Moreover, the Act stipulates that three more bodies are to be formed to assist in
managing this sector, these include; the Financial Policy Committee (FPC), Prudential Regulatory Authority (PRA) and ...
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The FPC has mandates with different bodies, it is responsable for directing the other two committees (PRA and FCA) on the
matters to do with the macro–prudential regulations as well as making the relevant recommendations to the Bank of England
and other committees to keep record of the financial stability (Noked, 2013). Indeed, the FPC is within the Bank of England.
Apart from identifying risks that could possibly affect the sector, the committee makes sure that they are addressed in the best
possible way. An important feature of the FPC is that it has the power to increase the capital that banks in the UK should have
during a certain period of time according to the state of the economy (UK Government, 2015).
Impacts of the Prudential Regulatory Authority
The Prudential Regulatory Authority (PRA) is the macro–prudential regulatory body, which is expected to ensure that there is
a well–regulated structure for deposit takers, insurance bodies and the investment firms in the UK. Its main objective is to
make sure that there is a safe operation in these entities, which is expected to be attained via preventing unfavourable effects
of their activities or of the financial sector as a whole. Furthermore, the PRA is in charge of reducing the effects of
disruptions on financial services

Fyffes Strategy
Strategic Management– Second Assessment
Mr Paul Goodwin
20 March 2012
Completed by:
Lara Ciora
David Hegarty
Alan Kenny
Daniel O'Byrne
Michael Ryan
Jingbo Wang
Lili Zhu
The company's overall Strategy
Fyffes follows a low cost strategy, but what does a low cost strategy mean for Fyffes?
The market size for tropical fruit is really large, bananas being the fifth most important agricultural commodity in world trade
after cereals, sugar, coffee and cocoa. Six countries (India, Brazil, Ecuador, Philippines, China and Indonesia) account for
55% of total world production. Bananas and pineapples are common fruits, on average 10 kg of bananas are consumed by
each of the 350 million EU citizens; therefore it is not really ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fyffes procures its products worldwide and is one of the leading distributors of southern hemisphere fresh produce in Europe,
in particular fresh produce sourced from South Africa and South America. The most common themes arising from the top
managers so far involved the need to foster relationships among the SBUs and work with each other to reduce costs (Geoff
Percival, 2012). It is critical for the relationship between the suppliers (Other region markets) and the distributors (UK,
Ireland and EU). The four SBUs work together for the fresh fruits supplying and selling, the company launched its
worldoffruit.com web site and subsidiary, offering Internet–based business–to–business fruits and vegetables sourcing and
information supporting the company's operations are its network of 100 storage, distribution, ripening, and other facilities, a
fleet of 17 company–owned or leased temperature–controlled ships, and its own land–based transportation fleet, it can share
and reduce the transport cost. The synergy management of the four SBUs also helps Fyffes add more value to the supply
chain and make the delivery more efficient. Organic (UK and Ireland, EU and Other)
The current situation for Fyffes is that it finds it difficult to grow market share. It has two large cash cows in its UK and
Ireland businesses and they are more likely to create diseconomies of scale. On the other hand, Fyffes will find it difficult to
gain in any mature

Sterling Marking Products
MEMO
To: James Ondracek From: Sumei Rey CC: Grigorios Livanis Date: July 27th 2014 Re: Foreign Market Entry Proposal –
Mark Maker To achieve Sterling's objective of increasing revenue and to capitalize on opportunities in foreign markets,
particularly the UK, it is critical to develop a strategy on foreign market entry. While I understand management's concerns
regarding focusing on new product innovation and managing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With growing demand in Canada, there could be a strain on local operations if we want to also meet demand in other markets.
And a joint venture poses the same concerns regarding lack of control that we are experiencing in the US in our alliance with
Blumberg.
Once our subsidiary is established in the UK and once our arrangement with Blumberg is terminated, we may consider
pursuing a similar entry strategy in the US to address the previously mentioned issues, which continue to negatively impact
our sales. Regarding the other countries that have expressed interest in the Mark Maker, I recommend continuing to explore
these opportunities, beginning with Australia, which demonstrates the strongest market potential (Exhibit 3). We would need
to gather further

Caterpillar Inc.--Early 1990s Essay
Caterpillar Inc.––Early 1990s
The assessment of opportunities and threats is the foundation upon which planners develop strategies. The Caterpillar case
illustrates some of the problems associated with the identification of opportunities and threats, especially in a situation where
previous successes are notable. Attempting to pattern long–term growth on the basis of previously valid assumptions is one of
the classic dilemmas facing the strategic planner whether in consumer or organizational markets.
In addition, the shareholders at the big three automakers have sometimes had to force necessary changes.
Evaluate Caterpillar Inc.'s marketing and management strengths and weaknesses.
Caterpillar's Strengths:
* Product–orientation, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus, while the company has successfully responded to the changing environment in which it competes, the company must
address its remaining weaknesses as a matter of priority to take full advantage of new opportunities in developing countries.
In the United States, Caterpillar is competing in a mature industry. This means that for Caterpillar to increase its U.S. market
share, it must take sales from competitors, rather than increase the size of the market.
a. Are there other major growth opportunities in the domestic market which have not been identified by Caterpillar? There are
a couple of strategies Caterpillar could pursue to increase growth in the domestic market:
* To stimulate demand in the U.S., Caterpillar could lobby for Congressional support for major urban renewal projects. These
projects are pressing for many cities (repair of bridges and highways) but many communities do not have funds to undertake
these enormous projects. Note: At the time of this writing, President–elect Clinton had promised federal support for
infrastructure renewal programs.
* Diversification into other related areas. The company's reputation for quality and innovation provide opportunities of
penetration in some related markets such as solar powered equipment.
b. If the U.S. market is close to saturation, should Caterpillar maintain the majority of its manufacturing operations in the
U.S.?
* If the company is unable

Key Sustainability Challenges Of Colep
1. The Sustainability Challenge
Moving from corporate to business unit level, the key point is the definition of a strategy to win in the market and be
competitive – "how the BU wins in the market place?" (Porter, 1996), (Luecke, 2005). In order to drive increase revenues
through customer satisfaction it is required that companies have a market oriented strategy. This typically derives from
understanding and meeting customer needs (Kotler and Keller, 2006). In order to successfully outperform the market, best
practices suggest that a combination between inside out (company to market) and outside in analysis (market to company)
should be considered to define a winning strategy (Titov and Protsiv, 2006). From an inside out analysis it is ... Show more
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With the kick–off of The Unilever Sustainable Living Plan (USLP) in 2008, Unilever has been focusing its business strategy
on the need to develop solutions to some of the world's deep social and environmental challenges. According Unilever
(2014), the success of their business relies on finding sustainable solutions to support long–term growth. They target to
double the size of the business while reducing the environmental footprint (Unilever, 2014). In 2013 Unilever launched the
compressed deodorant aerosol spray technology, a sustainable solution which resulted in less impact to the environment.
According to the LCA studies, if 1 million of people switched to compressed deodorants and assuming each person uses in
average 5 units a year, there would be a reduction of 696 tonnes of CO2 in the air (Unilever, 2013). However, Unilever
recognizes that to achieve great solutions there must be partnerships with both suppliers and customers; a complete value
chain analysis (Unilever, 2014). Important to highlight that from a business point of view, Unilever experienced tremendous
growth since they start their sustainability plan (Karlsson and Luttropp, 2006). Other companies are following a similar path
on sustainability such as Colep. By supporting customers to achieve their objectives, Colep's

The Impact Of Marketing On The Athletic Apparel Market
ted product.
Threat of New Entrants is low since the growth rate is expanding in the athletic apparel market and existing industry
members are actively reaching into product segments or geographic areas where they do not have a strong presence. There is
an entry barriers for new entrants in building a retail distribution, a large reliable supply chain, and securing contracts for
endorsements and promotions. The other companies are established and credible brands that work on global scales. A smaller
company would most likely not gain enough traction in this already competitive market to stay relevant even if they selected
niche markets since the established companies cater to such a wide demographic of customers. (David 144).
Other clothing brands have the ability to start manufacturing athletic apparel to take away market share and diversify their
portfolio. Thus, existing apparel companies could enter the performance apparel market if they decide to invest capital for
advertising and building product demand. Under Armour has weak patent protection over its product; hence, there is a threat
of different unexpected entrants who want to reiterate on their proven formula. Overall, the threat is less imperative to their
continued success since other issues are more pertinent and likely.
Industry Rivalry is moderate since competitive pressures are fierce Under Armour has considerably smaller resources pools
to leverage in gaining market share. Under Armour is facing giant

Product Market Mix
Igor Ansoff Product /Market Mix
The Igor Ansoff product–market mix helps to understand and assess marketing or business development strategy. Any
business, or part of a business can choose which strategy to employ, or which mix of strategic options to use. This is one
simple way of looking at Strategic development options.
Existing Products New Products Market Penetration | Product Development | Market Development | Diversification |
Existing Markets
New Markets
Each of these strategic options holds different opportunities and downsides for different organizations, so what is right for
one's business won't necessarily be right for another. Every organization should think ... Show more content on
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This is an attractive strategy if you have strong market share in a particular market. Such a strategy can be a suitable reason
for acquiring another company or product/service capability provided it is relevant to your market and your distribution route.
Developing new products does no mean that you have to do this yourself (which is normally very expensive and frequently
results in simply re–inventing someone else's wheel) – often there are potential manufacturing partners out there who are
looking for their own distribution partner with the sort of market presence that you already have. This option may be one that
produces diminishing returns on your growth investments and activities and instead you may do better to seek develop new
markets as is the next strategic option.
When the firm has successful products that are in the maturity stage of the product life cycle like Telone they should attract
satisfied customers to try new, improved products as a result such as internet.. When an organization like NetOne competes in
an industry that is characterized by rapid technological change, when major competitors like Econet and Telecel offer better
quality products at comparable prices it will be high time they should start introducing new products like 3G which enable
people to have video calls and browse the internet. When an Internet Service Provider competes in a high–growth

Case Study: Potch Group
Barend Bouwer 22117458 CCMM516 Assignment 2–Ford Case 24/02/2016
Potch Group–Resubmission
1. Who do you think would pay the cost for suppliers to put their parts catalogs on to these market places like AutoXchange?
Who should have paid costs?
Suppliers of parts were solely responsible for paying the costs of entering their product catalogs in AutoXchange systems or
data base. Hence the reason for the limited interest in participating or subscribing in the AutoXchange system.
Originally this was an idea that Ford had to provide consumers with a unique product when, where and how they wanted it
and at an affordable price. This was an attempt on Ford to become a consumer based business. The costs should have been
paid by Ford themselves because ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
4. What role do you think the technology played in the demise of these systems?
The biggest fear of outside observers was that other companies would simply fall behind. Information technology had a large
play in this as the modernization of one company would not necessarily guarantee the immediate modernization of its
competitors or suppliers. The demands for the services to be provided on the internet were also a large amount for internet
establishment due to either the inability of internet start–up or lack of huge technology and application–hosting capabilities.
This would mean either a lack of use of the market exchange or a large loss in the market. It also created a real–time sharing
of information to other companies and hence also would destroy the opportunity for companies to be largely competitive by
building private networks. A last role player of technology in the demise of these systems is the fact that technology as a
product can become obsolete very quickly, meaning that the product would no longer be relevant or usable to

Why Is Goblin Market Still Relevant Today
The Continuing Trend of Sin in Modern Film influenced by Goblin Market
Tyler Perry's Temptation:Confessions of a Marriage Counselor is a film based on sin and shows how sin is capable of ruining
lives. The very title of the movie, explores some biblical references such as temptation leading into sin. The main character
Judith is a woman that finds herself in a very tempting situation at work. A bachelor, who is looking for love finds interest in
her although she is married. He persuades her with gifts, and expensive things in life that she could only imagine. Judith falls
deeper and deeper into her affair that she ends up losing herself and falls to drugs and leaves her husband. In "Goblin
Market," the same reference is made a woman falling ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Julie Flygare, in her essay intertwining themes in "Goblin Market" she states that: Rossetti fills "Goblin's
Market" with subject matter and themes that has strong religious associations. There is an important theme of temptation
similar to Eve's temptation in the Old Testament. Laura is slyly enticed to eat forbidden fruit, which predictably results in
great pain and her lose of innocence" (Flygare). Temptation relays the story of woman as falling for the forbidden fruit, which
put the world in chaos. "Goblin Market" can be seen as a hint to Eve eating the forbidden fruit and wrecking humanity. As in
Temptation that same dynamic is seen, the woman gets curious and is lured away from good through the lusting of something
else, which evidently was the bachelor. Yes, many scholars focus on the feminist aspect of the poem, but the allusion to Eve
in the garden of Eden is much more prevalent. Although, Temptation didn't involve fruit, it did however include an aspect that
was tempting such as riches, and treasures. It's almost like an individual selling their soul just to get what they want. The sin
aspect is definitely portrayed in this modern film, it stills hold that same meaning as to what the poem "Goblin Market" is
trying to denote, which is that sin is everywhere. Plus the idea of women being the main ones involved with sin. Again in the
film it made Judith be looked upon as weak, and unable to

Team Leadership Essay
Team Leadership
John Haynes
MGT/521
August 27, 2013
TO: Robert Foster, Marketing Executive
FROM: John F. Haynes, Team Leader
DATE: August 25, 2013
SUBJECT: New Market Segment Strategic Plan
This memorandum outlines the team's approach that supports the company's overall strategic plan to enter a new market
segment. Each team member will be assigned to work separate parts of the plan. I will carefully evaluate each member and
match the assignments using the results from the personality assessments and individual leadership styles. This will ensure, in
a sense that the right person is assigned to execute the tasks. Market expansion brings both opportunity and a considerable
amount of risk. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These distinctive qualities will be very useful in reaching the widest demographics. Assessing new market segment will be
extremely helpful in determining the common interests and needs of the customer. Mr. Jeong will excel at this task because it
is action–oriented assignment that permits her to interact with people.
Perform Market Analysis
Moving into new market segments also requires a substantial amount of market research and statistical analysis. The
objective of a market analysis is to define the potential of a new market segment, today and in the future. The team must have
a comprehensive understanding of market growth rates, projected demand, and chief competitors. Furthermore, all impending
obstacles must be addressed prior to entering a new market segment. To thoroughly comprehend the market place, it is
imperative that the team has a good data analyst. Mr. Damian Ona is very comfortable working with numbers, and is well
suited, and qualified to perform in the capacity as the team's market analyst. He enjoys analysis and will compile the relevant
data in a logical order so that it can be articulated intelligently to senior–level management. While Mr. Ona is a superb
analyst, the junior analysts assigned to assist may find it challenging working with him in a team setting. This is because
most teams use the participative management or leadership style. It is a leadership style that is particularly challenging for
individuals

The International Expansion Into Shanghai
The Greek philosopher Heraclitus is commonly attributed with the idea that nothing is constant but change (Stanford
Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2011). This is particularly true in business. If an organization is not changing and evolving with
the market then they are stagnating and falling behind. In this exercise XYZ, Inc. is pursuing an international expansion into
Shanghai, China followed by an expansion into four other international markets a year later. I believe XYZ, Inc. should use
the Systems Contingency Model to launch the international expansion in Shanghai because this change model is complex
enough to incorporate all the environmental requirements and a good tool to highlight how the different internal dimensions
of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The second and most complex phase is the transformation phase. During transformation, organizational leadership must
follow through on the vision. This is where the hard work takes place by creating, manufacturing, and finalizing the product
before distribution (Weiss, 2012). Leadership will need to adhere to the organization's vision and strategy while ensuring that
employees have the resources required to complete their assignments and respond to changing requirements in the new
environment. This includes secure supply lines and an anticipation of the foreign commercial marketplace.
If leadership at XYZ, Inc. has done their job properly it will be reflected in the output phase. Success will be shown at the
organizational level by percentage of market share, product quality and competitiveness. At the group level success will result
in synergy, performance and effectiveness. Finally, at the individual level success will find employee satisfaction,
performance, and development and growth (Weiss, 2012). That is to say that when everything is running as it should, when
all dimensions are in sync, the System contingency model shows success in short–term change.
The long–term, large–scale change into the B.R.I.C. countries is more of a transformational change in that it "includes a shift
in radically different markets that require a different strategy and skills" (Weiss, 2012). Leadership must

Haier, Taking a Chinese Company Global
HAIER, TAKING A CHINESE COMPANY GLOBAL 1. SUMMARY
Haier ("the Company") was China's biggest white–goods producer and supplier in 1990s. In 1984, there was nearly 300 local
producers in China market, most of which were producing poor quality goods. However, customers were willing to pay more
for higher–quality products and reliable service. This need created an advantage for differentiation.
In Chinese market, demand was high. Haier being able to read customer need properly, focused on Product Quality, After–
Sale Services and Brand Building. While there was oversupply in the market, with product differentiation Haier was able to
raise its prices. Their target was to be a first–class brand.
In early 1990s, while the demand was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He named the strategy as "Three Thirds", with a long–term goal of generating revenues from three different categories of
sales; 1. One–third from goods produced and sold in China. 2. One–third produced in China, and sold overseas. 3. One–third
produced and sold overseas.
In other words, with this Global Strategy, Haier entered into international markets in 3 different ways; 1. It first exported to
global markets, 2. Then established JV ("Joint Ventures") with the local firms and, 3. Finally made investments and set– up
production facilities overseas, in global markets.
Haiser entered into overseas markets as a contract manufacturer for multinational brands in early 1990s. First exported
products to UK, then Germany, France and Italy. It also establisted joint ventures to explore the foreign markets; i.e.
established a JV with Mitsubishi to set up China's largest AC ("air conditioners") production plant in 1994, in 1995 set up a
JV with a local firm in India to produce refrigerators and ACs, in 1997 establised a JV with a Yugoslav company in Belgrade
to produce ACs.
In line with the expansion strategy, Haier made a technology licence agreement with a German manufacturer Liebherr,
realizing that the German goods are of higher quality. The Company initally observes and digests foreign technology and
design, then

Operations strategy at Galanz
Operations strategy at Galanz
Operations Management
1. Rank the importance if Galanz's operations objective of cost, quality, flexibility, delivery, service and innovations. How has
the importance changed over the years?
The order winners and order qualifiers for the business in the early stages of was the same – price/cost. This competitive
characteristic is what caused the customers to choose the companies good and services over those of our competitors along
with making Galanz a viable competitor
In the initial years Galanz concentrated OEM and then shifted towards ODM and OBM
The focus has changed from Cost to service and towards innovation
We believed that by delivering and attracting the masses with new time saving ways of ... Show more content on
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3. Should Galanz develop its OBM business in International Market? Should Galanz continue its OEM and ODM business?
OBM in International Market the OBM business returns higher profit margins and therefore should be continued and
developed in the international market. There are associated risks that have been identified in doing this such as:
Potential issues with forecasting
A wider range of models with lower volume production runs
High overheads
Risk of being seen to compete with OEM customers
Being the largest microwave manufacturer in the world, with strong commitment to R&D, expertise in manufacturing,
logistics and quality control, and increased brand recognition in the overseas market Galanz has gained the competitive
advantages for OBM export business. Galanz's need continue to increase investments in innovation and branding in order to
sustain the competitive advantage in the global markets and ensure that incremental gains are made to ensure profitability
Galanz continues to gain market share in the International market (from 35% in 2001to 44.5% in 2003) but this growth has
also brought on a greater degree of risk due to the increased complexity created by an increased product line and the need to
provide a more complete after–sales service to OBM customers in order to protect its brand.
Galanz will need to invest heavily into marketing and creating an effective internal sales forecasting system in order to
protect its

Ikea Case
Q1. How is IKEA's mission related to the clients they serve around the world? Explain what clients mean for IKEA.
IKEA´s mission statement: IKEA offers a wide range of well–designed, functional home furnishing products at prices so low
that as many people as possible can afford them"
Considering the previous mission statement with a unique customer vision IKEA is clearly antagonistic with specific
customers' needs. That lack of adjustment to customer needs is the main reason for not getting the same results in China than
in Northern Europe.
IKEA´s expansion in the late 50 's could have called for standardized products for a middle class standard market. That was
Fords approach and many more international dominant companies. That ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Maybe they didn't wanted to use the traditional loyalty program based on rewards so they designed a different program but
the result of this program is the generalization of the customers instead of the differentiation that is one of the key aspects that
the clients are claiming now in all markets.
b) Most important process, it is clear that IKEA most important process is the development of products, they have a huge
catalog and you can find a new products section in their web page, so the development of new products must be relevant for
them, but they must change their focus to the customer relationship process, like we mention in the last point, they must first
improve their loyalty program and then use it in order to establish a virtuous cycle with their clients (sale – transaction
analysis – reward – sale again). Also they could take some other parallel actions like implement a feedback section in their
site to get the necessities of their clients. A small action like this could send a clear message to their clients that they are
worried about them. The Customer relationship management must be in the future their most important process.
c) Mental process, They have some interesting tools to help to the customers to design some furniture like entertainment
centers (with all the possible combinations that they offer), these tools are good but are designed thinking in the number of
uses or combinations that a product could offer, instead of

Case Study On Hockey India
instrument to the cause of preserving the integrity of the sport, and aspiring for its orderly development. It further went on to
state that the measures implemented by the consortium under its pyramid structure were not unconditionally inherent and
proportionate to the achievements of purely sporting objectives. In fact, the CCI read a strong commercial dimension into the
conduct of the board. While some may argue that this case lacks the balancing of rights perspective that was employed in the
Hockey India judgment, it would also, perhaps, not be altogether misguided to prefer the Hockey India judgment to have
progressed on the lines of the BCCI case. With a firm recommendation to revamp the core structure of its organisation such
that clashes between its regulatory and organisational powers cease to be a regular feature, the CCI liberated Hockey India of
the charges levelled against it. Directing the institution of a rationalised and transparent system to supervise the promulgation
of NOCs, the CCI relied on an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The stance of the CCI does appear to be rather implausible, especially as it dismisses the arguments to the alternative citing
the lack of evidence that effectively corroborates that Hockey India deliberately acted against the players who wished to
participate in the league. Moreover, it is pertinent to note that within a year of the alleged anti–competitive policies being
drawn up by Hockey India, its proposal for a rival league was released. Hence, to absolve the body for inclusion of
commercial aspects in its practices might hardly be the way to proceed. In addition, while the CoC Agreement did not
explicitly enjoin the freedom of players to participate in the World Series Hockey League, it certainly served as a sheer

Environmental Factors Influencing the Internationalisation...
Environmental factors influencing the internationalisation of a new venture in the German pork industry: A case study
By George ten Kate
University of Groningen
Faculty of Economics and Business
June 2012
Gerbrand Bakkerstraat 51
9713 HC Groningen
(06)58967820
sjorstenkate@hotmail.nl
Student number 1565095
Abstract
This paper offers exploratory insights into the ways in which environmental factors influence the internationalisation of a
new low–technology firm, two topics that are largely understudied in the field of international entrepreneurship. By analysing
data and literature, the influence of market conditions, industry characteristics and global niche market opportunities are
examined, using a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
518).
Research Question
Although a big part of German exports consist of low–technology products, almost all research about factors influencing
internationalisation of new ventures, has been done focusing on companies that operate in the high–technology industry. The
environment in which these firms operate is very different from the environment in which low–technology firms operate.
High–technology firms face high R&D costs, short product life cycles and mostly operate in niche markets (Knight &
Cavusgill, 2004). These conditions are very different for low–tech firms (Evers, 2010). Here, R&D costs and product life
cycles play no significant role. Since studies about new venture internationalisation are so heavily grounded in the high–tech
sector, little is known about the factors that affect the internationalisation of firms in the low–tech sector. This raises the
possibility that past findings do not generalize equally well to all economic sectors (Zahra & George, 2002). Furthermore,
little research has been done about how environmental factors influence new venture internationalisation, and more research
is necessary to find out how these factors influence early internationalisation (Fernhaber, 2007). Environmental factors are
factors that a firm cannot control, and that are part of the external environment they operate in (Zou and Stan, 1998). These
factors can have a significant push and pull effect on new ventures to internationalise

Analysis Of The Article ' New Avon Ceo Vows
Article Summary
In the article, "New Avon CEO vows to restore the 126–year–old beauty company to former glory," Jenna Goudreau (2013)
interviews Avon CEO, Sheri McCoy, on the current issues facing Avon Products around the world and the results of
management transitions in the company.
Over the past few years, Avon's stock and net income has declined as a result of misplaced focus in different areas throughout
the company. Under the former CEO, Andrea Jung, the company had an internal focus, was expanding too fast, and failed to
recognize the needs of consumers in different markets. Under the new CEO, Avon is improving by focusing more on sales
representatives, cutting jobs, reducing spending, and pulling out of failing markets. Additionally, they are incorporating
information systems and social media as selling tools, catering to individual markets, and foregoing other growth areas until
the core business is stable. With these improvements, Avon expects that it will see a turnaround in the coming years.
AVON SWOT ANALYSIS
Weaknesses:
–Brand image losing value
–Declining North American operations
–Decreasing market share Strengths:
–Low costs for operations
–Well established distribution in various markets with wide range of products
–Committed workforce with a common goal
Threats:
–Internal disagreements over leadership
–Competition from a variety of companies
–Lawsuits regarding compliance on an international scale
Strategy 1: Solidify leadership

Case Study Of E-Commerce
About eCommerce in India
The scenario of eCommerce in India is still at nascent stage. At present, the success of E–Commerce relies heavily on the
internet and mobile phone revolution which is expected to tranform the way products reach their customers. In countries like
the US and China, e–commerce has already made substantial gains by achieving sales of over 150 billion USD in revenue.
However, the industry in India is, still at its infancy. In spite of this, over the last few years, E–Commerce has grown
considerably by over 35% CAGR from 3.8 billion USD in 2009 to around 12.6 billion USD in 2013.
Ecommerce deals with the buying and selling of goods and services over an electronic platform, mainly the internet. These
business transactions are categorized into differrent models based on who the consumer is. ... Show more content on
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Limitations
Many challenges identified during the project required changes at the overall website wide level which was unfeasible to
implement due to the organizational constraints which was a major setback as the project objective which was to increase
conversion rate was linked to a number of aspects in the value chain and inability to change the obvious problems poses
serious future sustainability threats to the organization. This was a major limitation and was conveyed to the manager.
IV. Suggestion for Future Research
There is a need to emphasise on promoting Snapdeal as a brand to improve customer loyalty. In the age of predatory pricing
and heavy discounts, there is little or no differentiation on the pricing or on the product differentiation side.
So, it becomes vital to promote Snapdeal as a wholesome brand which people would like to relate themselves with. Hence, it
is time we start portraying it as a well rounded company. Here are a few initiatives

Prince Sports Case Study Essay
Dominique Boivin Marketing Principles 2 March 2013 MO2A3
Prince Sports Case Study
Prince Sports has managed to remain in their field, but the task was not easy. They have been in business for over forty years
and have continued to evolve to fit the needs of the consumers while also managing to expand their products. In doing so,
they have needed to keep their company ahead of trends that have occurred in the market. So far, they have managed to do so,
but with the continuously changing market and economy, Prince Sports needs to constantly be performing research on how to
stay ahead. They also have to take in to consideration how these changes are going to affect the products and customers they
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The same can be said for trends and products. They have witnessed what a mistake it is to ignore their past progress and
simply focus on what is next. While it is important to spend a great deal of time working towards advancement, especially in
a market that is rising. However, it is very difficult to ignore what brought about all of these changes and what has been
working (Kerin, Hartley & Rudelius, 2013).
Another challenge that they may face includes economic changes. Since, Prince Sports markets their product internationally,
they need to pay attention to the economies of all the countries they distribute to. Significant changes in an economy can
greatly change their customer base and needs resulting in new marketing tactics having to be put in place (Benoit &
Gleason, 2012).
Prince Sports can stay ahead of the changes they possibly face if they keep in mind when Linda Glassel said "It's learning, it's
studying, it's talking to people who understand where the market is going" (Pg. 241). In order to stay ahead and take on any
challenges that come their way, they need to employ research methods that can help them solve their problems and come up
with new ideas for marketing their products. Besides using the Five–Step marketing approach, there are specific aspects they
should pay close attention to. As a part of step three, they need to collect data, both primary and

Ebay vs Amazon
EBay vs. Amazon
Introduction:
In a world where trade is increasingly becoming digitalized online, there are new and challenging strategies emerging. This
essay aims to analyze and determine these strategies. Considering the example of eBay and Amazon, their business models
and their multi–sided platforms, we can compare them to decide which strategies work in this market and how, in the future,
they can keep a competitive edge as the market continuously changes. However, as Amazon and eBay have eventually
crossed paths in an attempt to expand in the ecommerce market, the question persists whether the market is big enough for
both. This essay will look at how eBay and Amazon have evolved their business structure and how changes in ... Show more
EBay's business strategy originally used a two–sided platform, founder, Pierre Omidyar (1995), developed the firm out of,
what he saw as a, 'need' or 'niche' in the market that needed accommodating. This niche was to develop lower search costs
and find a way to determine a fair price in the industry. (I.e. a working price mechanism) Due to high search costs the 'used
goods and collectables' market had suffered a stifled growth. Whereas the lack of a price mechanism in the market meant
products were sold primarily through bilateral negotiation, through buyer and seller. This was an issue as it didn't reveal the
true prices in the market as little or no competition prevented competitive pricing strategies from emerging. However, the
emergence of eBay's auctions feature transformed Bi–Lateral trades into Multi–Lateral trades, facilitating efficient price
discoveries. (R.Salehnejad, 2012, Note 3) In 2003 eBay introduced fixed prices using the 'buy it now' function in which eBay
still benefited from a listing and commission fee. This effectively ensured that the merchant always got the price they wanted
for a good, not necessarily the market price it deserved. Furthermore, in 2001 eBay introduced 'eBay Stores' allowing firms to
offer its products at fixed prices through the eBay site, such as the Home Depot in the USA. Here it is clear that eBay was
moving into Amazon's territory as an online retailer and merchant platform. Although eBay

The Pact Between Tata Motors and Fiat
Analyzing and serving the consumer
International marketing is an important factor in serving organizations to develop into becoming globally competitive.
Companies who operate within domestic markets purely are having difficulties competing with a global organization.
Therefore, what does it take to move an organization globally? According to Cateora, Gilly, and Graham (2013),
"international marketing is the performance of business activities designed to plan, price, promote, and direct flow of the
companies goods and services to consumers of users in more than one nation for profit" (p. 10). International marketing
strategies and its effectiveness assists in the expansion of an organization. The development of global markets was ... Show
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The joint venture had its benefits for both parties and India was at first the primary focus but their strategies include servicing
global markets as well. A great advantage was their program would be enabled without the need for great investments.
Fiat needing a partner
As previously indicated, Fait was faced with economic issues. They turned to their defined strategy which consisted of a
targeted coalition through the automobile value chain (Cullen & Parboteeah, 2011). This meant that the two organizations
would syndicate together in product development, the manufacturing of the products, the sourcing of raw materials, and the
distribution of their goods. Both companies would utilize each other to gain strength in the automobile industry. This strategy
was a strong move towards gaining market share within India and other global markets such as Europe and Latin America.
Fiat was extremely slow–moving in acclimating to the changes in the economic market and needed an innovative vision to be
successful.
Fiat and Tata as partners
Fiat had some very tough competition in India and one of the fiercest was Tata Motors. In the business world it is essential to
erect a relationship with your partners (Prabhakar, 2010). This theory proved to work for Fiat. This partnership help both
companies experience growth through the use of each other's grouped strategies. An example of this collaboration was Fiat
took advantage of sourcing of spare parts

Staples And Office Depot Inc.
Staples and Office Depot Inc. are both office supply chains. Today both companies are doing great considering where they
came from and their competitive market. It is safe to say Staples has more than 2000 stores while Office Depot has above
1600 stores throughout the world. According to the case they were both originated in 1986 and while being founded early on
over the next decade they and additional office supply chains have contended belligerently in order to provide a suitable,
unfailing and inexpensive supply of office materials to smaller industries or businesses along with other persons who have
home offices. Staples and Office Depot have been extremely victorious in the field of office supplies. They have kicked out
hundreds and thousands of individual privately owned businesses out of selling and abolished even few competitors in the
office supply market by getting hold of their business or economic failure of their business. By 1996 they had only one
existing contestant which even till today I remember and that is OfficeMax. Office Depot has been very insistent, in addition,
Staples and OfficeMax are to participate more assertively as well. The office supply prices for staples are the cheapest in the
cities that all three of the nationwide office supply chains staples, office depot, and office max compete. Prices reach higher
in the markets that only the additional competitor is OfficeMax. Office Depot incriminates drastically with increased prices
that comes

The Desages And Disadvantages Of Competitive Advantage
Competitive advantage is really a position that the company makes return upon its investment that is higher than the price of
the expense. Competitive advantage ought to be relevant, distinctive, and environmentally friendly. The word competitive
advantage may be the ability acquired through characteristics and resources to do at a greater level compared to others within
the same business or marketplace. It is essential mostly simply because that aggressive advantage can make sure that a
organization earns extra returns for a longer time of period. Almost just about all businesses need to face rigid competition
using their business competition in almost any market these days. Having a benefit over them is not enough to ensure the
organization ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ordered governance or even using company–owned nearby offices or even joint endeavors overseas is actually another
option, although this might limit the likelihood of exploiting size advantages via servicing numerous firms in the same area.
It is not unusual which competitors stay away from each additional as suppliers due to the risk associated with disseminating
essential knowledge. Essentially, however, what issues is how the firm includes a global viewpoint on its sourcing, which
every support and procedure is found wherever complete costs tend to be minimized, in house or outwardly, including labor
along with other costs. This usually entails implementing a transactional finding approach by which market competition
might be exploited. The potential advantages of exploiting size and area advantages tend to be obviously higher for ageing
and standardized products. For this kind of products, you will find more qualified suppliers in the marketplace and the actual
volumes tend to be greater. As a result, the importance of size and area advantages is actually

Hi-Delta Company
This paper intends to discuss a proposal on analysis of cost and price. The proposal describes a company known as Hi–delta
which is a new start company which targets the industry of drone navigation systems.
Nature of Hi–delta Company
Hi–delta Company is a capital venturing company, which aims at investing in drone companies that require start–ups.
Moreover, Hi–delta Company is a private equity company that aspires to look for opportunities in investment, within highly
promising markets or capturing mature companies.
Mission of Hi–delta Company
The mission of Hi–delta Company is providing speculative information to the companies it invests with. The information
provided by Hi–delta Company will be in accordance with the identified needs of the specific company. All companies will
be treated individually. Thus, staff members of Hi–delta Company will offer services that improve and build up the services
of the client companies. Hi–delta Company will, therefore, work at linking different companies with the services they require,
in order to increase the profits they make.
Vision of Hi–delta Company
The vision ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Notably, though qualitative techniques employ intuition, they also incorporate judgment (Chindia, 2016). Relevant opinion is
taken from experts and evaluated to determine their feasibility. Since sales persons interact more often with consumers then
the likelihood of providing an accurate form of speculation is high. Therefore, when short term Company arrangements need
to be made then sales persons will be involved in the exercise. Qualitative techniques also include surveys regarding the
needs and preferences of consumers (Chindia, 2016). Thus, a qualitative survey will help in identifying how profitable it will
be for a company to produce a certain product. Notably, the Delphi method is also applied in qualitative techniques where
experts make initial

ACCC V Liquorland
TUTORIAL 1
1) Identify aspects of 'competition' within the meaning of competition law.
The Harper Review defined competition as 'the process by which rival businesses strive to maximise their profits by
developing and offering desirable goods and services to consumers on the most favourable terms'. The purpose of
competition policy is therefore to protect, enhance and extend competitive conduct. Competition Law aims to combat certain
anti–competitive practices that interfere with the efficiency of markets to the detriment of both consumers and other
suppliers.
Competition law is not intended to protect competitors per se (Harper Review); rather, as per Joseph Schumpeter, competition
facilitates creative destruction as old and inefficient economic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Parmalat Australia website suggests that its brand Pauls is the most consumed branded milk in Australia. Parmalat is a
significant producer of UHT milk; however, the majority of this is exported to the Asia Pacific. UHT milk accounts for less
than 10% of total milk sales in Australia. Fonterra and the Murray Goulburn group have a similar market share to Parmalat,
thereby constraining its market power. Lion Pty Ltd is the industry leader with a 32% market share, however this covers
several brands and also includes private label contracts with Woolworths. The fact that the major suppliers operate nation–
wide and would be present in each market (as discussed above), significantly limits Parmalat's ability to exploit its market
power. It is difficult to envisage Parmalat partaking in exclusive dealings or predatory pricing to the detriment of its
competitors, given that they have similar resources and would be capable of rebuffing these tactics. Nevertheless, if Parmalat
colludes with another supplier, then the combined market share of the firms would be substantial, thus creating scope for
cartel behaviour that is disadvantageous to farmers (primary

Business Strategy Concepts & Nike Inc.
1. Business Strategy Concepts & Nike Inc.
Nike generic strategy for competitive advantage emphasizes product mix diversity. Nike
analyzes what products should be handled and what characteristics should meet to aim success.
When applying a competitive strategy, the product plays a role as a link between supply and
demand, so the success is determined by the ability of the company to overtake the competition
and of course, by the quality of the product from the client's perspective. Nike adapts their
products to different markets, striving for diversity and reaching all kind of consumers. To keep
its position in the market and competitive advantage over other players in the same industry,
Nike must safeguard that its business strategy and intensive growth strategies are always suited
to current business conditions.
1.1 Nike's Business Strategy and Intensive Growth Strategies:
Business Strategy:
Nike's strategy is competitive advantage based on costs. In this strategy, the company
minimizes production costs striving to maximize profitability. In other words, Nike's generic
strategy is to increase sales by offering a great product at accessible cost. Nike needs to keep its
prices as low as to its competency and ensure that the product is appealing to the consumer. To
reach all markets, Nike reduces the costs and the selling prices of its athletic shoes and other
products, and it helps the company to maintain its competitiveness, especially against other

Essay on Zara Fast Fashion Case Study Solution
1. With which of the international competitors listed in the case is it most interesting to compare Inditex's financial results?
What do comparisons indicate about Inditex's relative operating economics? Its relative capital efficiency?
Even though H&M follows a strategy which differs significantly from Inditex's approach it is the closest competitor
from the financial point of view. H&M differs from Zara because it outsources all of the production, it is more price
oriented and spends more money on advertising. But both companies are based in Europe, are fashion forward at lower price
retailers, and have a strong international expansion strategy. Exhibit 6 indicates that the financial results of Inditex and
H&M seem to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One Year Change in Market Value
Inditex: 47% H&M: 8%
Another factor which is interesting to examine is the One Year Change in Market Value. Inditex is on top position compared
to all competitors with an impressive growth rate of 47%. H&M has the closest result and is the only company besides
Inditex whose market value has been growing in 2001.
Inditex's efficiency is the result of a more profitable investment strategy. By owning all the stores and manufacturing sites it
is able to achieve control over all production processes and costs. The high number of stores may be also traced back to the
increasing value of the property because Zara only buys stores in strategic areas (shopping malls, shopping arcades,
pedestrian districts etc.) where competition boosts rents. Therefore total assets of Zara increase as well.
To sum up from the given information Inditex is more efficient in managing its finances. Its strategy of investing into high
quality equipment such as a just–in–time manufacturing system, a huge warehouse close to its headquarter and an highly
advanced communication system has lead to a Return on Investment rate of almost

Managing Global Expansion
Managing Global Expansion: A Conceptual Framework.
Business Horizons
| March 01, 2000 | Gupta, Anil K.; Govindarajan, Vijay | COPYRIGHT 1989 JAI Press, Inc. (Hide copyright
information)Copyright [pic]
There are at least five reasons why the need to become global has ceased to be a discretionary option and become a strategic
imperative for virtually any medium–sized to large corporation.
1. The Growth Imperative. Companies have no choice but to persist in a neverending quest for growth if they wish to garner
rewards from the capital markets and attract and retain top talent. For many industries, developed country markets are quite
mature. Thus, the growth imperative generally requires companies to look to emerging markets for fresh ... Show more
5. Globalization of Competitors. If your competitors start to globalize and you do not, they can use their global stronghold to
attack you in at least two ways. First, they can develop a first–mover advantage in capturing market growth, pursuing global
scale efficiencies, profiting from knowledge arbitrage, and providing a coordinated source of supply to global customers.
Second, they can use multi–market presence to cross–subsidize and wage a more intense attack in your own home markets. It
is dangerous to underestimate the rate at which competition can accelerate the pace of globalization. Look at Fuji 's inroads
into the U.S. market, historically dominated by Kodak. The trend is happening in other industries as well, such as in white
goods, personal computers, and financial services.
In the emerging era, every industry must be considered a global industry. Today, globalization is no longer an option but a
strategic imperative for all but the smallest firms. The following framework and set of conceptual ideas can guide firms in
approaching the strategic challenge of casting their business lines overseas and building global presence:
* How should a multiproduct firm choose the product line to launch it into the global market?
* What factors make some markets more strategic than others?
* What should companies consider in determining the

Mary Kay Inc. Building A Brand
Mary Kay Inc., Building a Brand in India
1. Is Mary Kay an "international firm", a "multinational firm", or a "transnational firm" as defined in this course and based on
its marketing strategy? Why?
Mary Kay Inc. is a transnational firm that specializes in cosmetic products for women. Mary Kay Ash founded Mary Kay in
1963 with the purpose of helping women achieve personal growth and financial success. Mary Kay has established principles
and priorities that apply to every aspects of their business since their establishment. The Golden rule, "do unto others as you
would have them do un to you," is the main standard by which they operate ("MARKETING", Kerin, Hartley & Rudelius,
189). Today Mary Kay is one of the world's largest direct selling companies with more than $3 billion in annual wholesale
sales worldwide. Mary Kay's high–quality skin care and color cosmetics products are sold in more than 35 countries around
the world.www.marykay.com.) Through global marketing strategies, Mary Kay is able to translate their message and sell their
products to women all across the world with exceptional success. Mary Kay looks at the market and cultural similarities
between countries, finds the differences in the market, and adapts accordingly (Marketing 170). They then draw conclusions
on how to market their products to their target audience. Mary Kay's success in China causes them to market their products in
India with similar methods due to the countries cultural similarities.

Why Is Equilibrium Of Supply And Demand Desirable?
Why is Equilibrium of Supply and Demand desirable?
As stated by Gans, King & Mankiw, 2011, market equilibrium occurs when demand equals supply, and no tendency for price
to change. At equilibrium, every consumer, firms, or nations are satisfied with the present economic market conditions. It
means that market clearing price has been achieved. The consumers get all the quantity of the goods they require, at a
favorable market price. At the same time, suppliers sell all the commodities produced at a price equal or slightly above the
marginal cost of production; hence, no loss. Also, both buyers and the sellers benefit by gaining a bargaining power. For
instance, when prices are at equilibrium, consumers will receive bargains even when the ... Show more content on
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For instance, if imposed to the supplier, the supply curve will shift downward with the same amount, whereas, if imposed to
the consumer, the demand curve will also shift downward with the same tax amount (Stiglitz & Rosengard, 2015). Therefore,
it is the demand and supply elasticity that will determine how to equally distribute the tax liability between the suppliers and
the end–users.
Benefits of International Trade
International trade is the exchange of goods, services and capital among different countries (Wild, & Han, 2014).
International trade is significant as it accounts for a substantial part of the nation's GDP; therefore, every state support it.
However, international business can be beneficial to the consumers or the producer, but at the same time, disadvantageous.
For instance, in the situations where the world prices are below the domestic prices, the consumers will get the same
commodities at a reduced price. Again, customers will have a greater variety of the same products and services; hence, they
will end up with the best commodities in the market.
On the other hand, suppliers will be able to sell their surplus products to the outside market. Therefore, there will be no
wastage. Nevertheless, international trade promotes efficiency in production as nations will adopt better production methods
with high technology, which will keep the cost of production down, enhancing a competitive edge (Wild, & Han, 2014).
Finally, a nation

Joint Venture Between Alcatel And Lucent Technologies...
The following report is based on the joint venture between Alcatel and Lucent Technologies becoming Alcatel Lucent. The
initial company Alcatel, is a French based telecommunications company that attempted to expand to the United States for
market growth/ potential in 2006. The actions taken, implemented in Alcatel Lucent not being able to meet its objective to
make a foot print in the U.S market and economy, however the opportunity for the company is available if it can find a
method to beat the heavy competition and gain local shares in the market against the large brands already existent and born in
the U.S. furthermore Alcatel Lucent need to recover from the deficit it faced from the 2007 global recession (Alcatel Lucent,
2015).
Introduction
International business is the measurement of performance based on trade and investment past national borders. A firm will
often go international or be born global as an overall strategic implement of market potential and growth to gain more
efficiency and profit (Luthans, 2012).
However there is huge risk with taking on the market potential international, the risk can be the success or failure of a firm.
To reduce this risk of failure, firms often rely on knowledge as a key resource to measure the business environment
(NorthWestern Ontario Innovation,, 2015).
As a facilitator of trade and investment, the key attributes that should be investigated are primarily the fundamental flow and
involvement of the goods, services,

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Government Intervention
Nowadays, government intervention in the market system has been debated by economist, because a government intervention
can be effected how the economy runs in the country. To know about how government intervention in one country, it can be
looked from what economy system that used in that country. An economy system is a system that is used by a country to
distribute resources and trade goods and services. They are used to control the several factors of production, including: labor,
capital, entrepreneurs, and land. There are three types of economy system, and three of them are distinguished based on who
is controlled the market. First is centrally planned economy, all of economy system are controlled by centralized power which
is government. Government the one who decide what are the products will be produce, how to produce the products and who
receive the goods and services. It is known as capitalism. Second is market economy or socialism. Based on its name, we can
know that the market who decide all of thing which is households and firms. Government does not control vital resources so,
the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This paper will see the disadvantages of government intervention in taxes, subsidies, regulation, price ceiling and floor. All of
those things also will be related with society welfare and others positive effect that can happen. To make this more clearly,
this paper will be divided in several sections. Section 1 will discuss about the type of government intervention with the
negative implication for the market. Section 2 will discuss about the price ceiling and price floor in the market and the effect
of it. Section 3 will discuss how the government intervention help market failure and how government intervention make
social welfare of the society. And the last part will explain the position whether support or against government intervention
from the facts that have been

Marketing Analysis : The Jw Anderson Product
(brand positioning)
(timeline)
Product
The JW Anderson product range consists of menswear, womenswear and unisex garments and accessories. They currently
produce six collections annually – two menswear and four womenswear.
(recent collections page on brand book)
(Price ranges per item)
Since its beginning, the brand been characterised by its gender defying designs, mixing masculinity and femininity in a very
contemporary way and creating the idea of a shared closet. "It's not gender for me, it's just clothing," Jonathan Anderson said.
"I feel that in a modern culture, if it's about gender then it's a very dated concept." This had been particularly notable in his
menswear collections due to society's more typically conservative attitudes towards the way men dress. J.W. Anderson has
been known to send male models wearing mini skorts, crop tops, leather dresses and ruffled knee–high boots down the
runways. This uncompromising approach of avant–garde minimal androgyny is a solid USP and provides a niche within the
ready–to–wear market. According to Anderson in an interview with The Business of Fashion; "I think the brand will always
be about androgyny," he continues. "I love the relationship between men and women – that coupling. Men with men, women
with women, women and men, that kind of mixture of sex and sharing of garments – I think it's normal. It's about wearing
clothes that tell a story and an emotion; it's not so much about gender."

Company Analysis : Xyz Pvt
1
XYZ PVT Electronics Company is the individual of famous international company in this planet. This corporation delivery
ground–breaking digital creation like as entertainment, home media as well as many of the home appliance to buyer. XYZ
PVT Electronics supported in the year 1960 as Gold Star and also in the country that is America. In the year 1995 the
Company renamed as XYZ PVT. This corporation prior product is buyer television .radio, refrigerator, AC as well as clothing
washing machine. XYZ PVT Electronics Company establishes some latest expertise to the digital world like as the initial
CDMA digital phone, sixty inch plasma television. XYZ PVT Company has good business traditions numerous of these "No
justification, and we not I, entertaining work place". The Company brand included of four fundamental part value,
advantages, guarantee and individuality. This corporation set the continuing goal as well as work in the direction of the
objective .The vision of the XYZ PVT Electronics is international top three in the year 2015.
Environmental study is:
Competitive Forces: There is extra competitor corporation similar to Dell, Samsung and so on. The XYZ PVT must guide its
participant as well as fulfil their buyer fulfilment. Most of the opponent has same creation and equal features with small cost
of the creation. The XYZ PVT should be differentiating its creation between the customers. Economic Forces: The fighting in
California has had economic consequences, deal was

Consumer Survey for Big Bazaar in Ncr
TITLE OF THE STUDY
CONSUMER SURVEY FOR
BIG BAZAAR IN NCR
RATIONALE OF STUDY
As customer's tastes and preferences are changing, the market scenario is also changing from time to time. Today's market
scenario is very different from that of the market scenario before 1990. There have been many factors responsible for the
changing market scenario. It is the changing tastes and preference of customer which has bought in a change in the market.
Income level of the people has changed; life styles and social class of people have completely changed now than that of olden
days. There has been a shift in the market demand in today's world. Technology is one of the major factors which are
responsible for this paradigm shift in the mark. New ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
5. To identify main competitors of Big Bazaar.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Technology, customers tastes and preferences play a vital role in today's generation. Research Methodology is a set of various
methods to be followed to find out various information regarding market strata of different products. Research Methodology
is required in every industry for acquiring knowledge of their products.
Area of study : – The study is exclusively done in the area of marketing. It is a process requiring care, sophistication,
experience, business judgment, and imagination for which there can be no mechanical substitutes.
Research Design : – Exploratory Research
Sampling Design : – Non Probability sampling– Convenience sampling Sample Size : – 350 Customers
Data Collection : –
Data is collected from various customers through personal interaction. Specific questionnaire is prepared for collecting data.
Data is collected with mere interaction and formal discussion with different respondents. Some other relevant information
collected through secondary data
Tools of Analysis : – The market survey about the techniques of marketing and nature of expenditure is carried out by
personally interacting with the potential customers in Big Bazaar.
EXPECTED CONTRIBUTION OF STUDY
The study shows customers buying pattern with Big Bazaar in NCR area. Its provide guideline for further research in NCR
area for organized retail. Research says about

Groupon, By Andrew Mason Essay
Groupon was founded on November 2008 in Delaware. It took the framework of "The Point", which was launched a year
earlier as a Do–good Doer enterprise by Andrew Mason, CEO, and first funded by Eric Lefkofsky, an entrepreneur. The core
idea of Groupon is " It's One deal a day, that the deal doesn't go into effect until enough people buy the voucher, and that the
vouchers should be for local businesses." Andrew Mason decided the daily emails should have funny copy. It focused on
group buying power and helping people find interesting things to do in their city. Groupon's concept immediately took off
and became an overnight successful company.
Here is how it works: A business offers a deep discount for its good/service, for example, a restaurant offered $40 value
meals for the price of $20 via Groupon. The customer buys the voucher on Groupon for $20, and then later redeems it at the
restaurant at the value of $40. Groupon makes money by charging a marketing fee for advertising and promoting their offers.
In most cases, that fee is a percentage of the revenue generated by selling on Groupon, normally about 30–50% commission.
Local business owners starting to sign up as part of their marketing strategy and spread the words to other locals. By the end
of 2008, Groupon had around 300 employees and grew to more than 10,000 employees today. Groupon is a pioneer and
leader in Daily deal Niche market, growing from 5 cities at end of 2008 to 150 domestic markets and over

The Underlying Assumptions Of Consumer Sovereignty Theory
Consumer sovereignty is the theory that consumers are the main elements in the economy because they exert ultimate control
over the economy. Through their spending decisions, individual consumers ultimately determine the quantities and qualities
of goods and services produced and the availability of these goods and services in time and space.
An example of consumer sovereignty is illustrated as follows: A drinks company introduces two types of drinks in two
continents: Drink A and Drink B. Drink A sells very well in Africa and Drink B in Asia. Only the one that sells well in Africa
(Drink A) will remain in production in Africa whilst the one that sells well in Asia (Drink B) will remain in production in
Asia. Continuing to produce Drink B in Africa and Drink A in Asia is not economically viable as the consumers in these
regions do not prefer it. Thus, through their purchasing pattern, the consumers have influenced what goods continue to
remain in production.
The underlying assumptions of consumer sovereignty theory in an ideal market are:
i. That the consumers are rational and try to make choices that maximize their utility ii. That consumers have all the
information needed to make the optimal choice iii. That consumers are able to purchase goods and services in a competitive
marketplace
Based on the above, consumer sovereignty in healthcare would imply that society benefits at large when healthcare providers
and organizations compete to develop high quality products and

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