Native American War Atrocities

Essay On Native American War
Many horrible atrocities occurred to the native people of America at the hands of the settlers.
Various crimes such as thievery, murder, and other very disgraceful acts against these people without
a second thought. Years since then, it is easy look at what happened and realize what the white
people did wrong, but in order to truly understand, it is essential to know exactly the offenses are.
Two quotes from two chiefs speak depths without many words on what happened. "This war did not
spring up on our land, this war was brought upon us by the children of the Great Father who came to
take our land without a price, and who, in our land, do a great many evil things... This war has come
from robbery – from the stealing of our land," was an eloquent and impactful statement from Brulé
chief, Spotted Tail. As he said, the settlers ended up taking land that had rightfully ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
That was only a decade that the USA kept their word. When gold was discovered in the Black Hills
in 1874, instead of protecting the Lakota territories from white intruders like they had promised in
1868, the government worked to help the miners already gathering along the trail they called,
"Freedom's Trail." The Lakotas, however, referred to it as the, "Thieves' Road." Additionally, in
1887, the Dawes Severalty Act went into place. That Act gave the President power to reduce the
amount of land held by the Indian nations across the country by allotting 160 acres to the head of
each Indian family and 80 acres to individuals. The leftover land was sold to settlers. All of that was
only land, but the white men also stole their buffalo and children. Within 20 years the 20,000,000
buffalo that had roamed the plains dwindled to a crisis point for the Natives. In the following 7 years
after that, the buffalo had perished, and the tribes that had depended on them were surviving on
handouts from the government. When Richard Henry Pratt decided to take young indigenous people
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Native American Civil War Essay
After the Civil War, thousands of Americans poured into the Great Plains on a collision course with
western Indian tribes. Homesteaders, ranchers, and miners encroached on Indian lands and
threatened native game and ways of life. They called on the U.S. Army to crush Indian resistance
and confine tribes to government controlled reservations. The resulting white, indian conflicts often
took a particularly brutal turn and ultimately resulted in the near –de– struction of the indigenous
peoples.Warfare between Europeans and Indians was common in the seventeenth century.In 1622
the Powhatan confederacy nearly wiped out the struggling Jamestown colony.In New England
Puritan forces annihilated the Pequot's in 1636–1637, a campaign whose intensity seemed to
foreshadowing the future. A major pueblo revolt ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Indian raids often encouraged by the British were influential in causing the United States to declare
war on Great Britain in 1812. Someone by the name of Andrew Jackson led the counterthrust
winning victories at tallasahatchee and talladega before crushing the creeks at horseshoe bend in
1814. Indians and runaway slaves refused to relocate and the second Seminole war saw fierce
guerrilla style actions from 1835 to 1842. Disease , malnutrition , and warfare combined with the
poor lands set aside as reservations to reduce the Indian population of that state from 150,000 in
1845 to 35,000 in 1860. Arable lands and rumors of gold in the Dakotas continued to attract white
migration the government opened a major new war in 1876. Major battlefield encounters like
George Armstrong crushers triumph at the battle of the washita in 1868 had been rare or more telling
was the Army's destruction of Indian lodges , horses , and food supplies , exemplified by Ronald
Mackenzies slaughter of over a thousand Indian ponies following a skirmish at palo duro canyon
Texas in

Argumentative Essay: Life After The Battle Of The Kiowas
In December 1868, after the Battle of Washita, General Sheridan orders the Cheyennes, Arapahos,
Kiowas, and Comanches to surrender at Fort Cobb. The Kiowas do not surrender. Two thousand
Kiowas and 2500 Comanches are then put on the reservation at Fort Cobb. At a sun dance on the
Red River in the summer of 1870, the Comanches, Southern Cheyennes, and Kiowas consider the
possibility of fighting the whites. In mid−May 1871, the Kiowas and Comanches attack and kill
seven teamsters leading a train of ten freight wagons. Satanta takes responsibility for this raid, even
though it was led by another chief. Since the raid he and other chiefs are arrested for it. As a result,
Satanta and Big Tree are sentenced to life in prison in July 1871. But Lone

The Battle Of The Little Bighorn
This battle analysis methodically examines one of the most famous battles of the American frontier
during the country's growth westward: the Battle of the Little Bighorn, also known as The Greasy
Grass to the American Indians. It took place along the Little Bighorn River in what is now the state
of Montana. The battle was fought during a sweltering summer day on June 25, 1876 between the
United States Army's Seventh Calvary Regiment led by Lieutenant Colonel George A. Custer and
the Sioux and Cheyenne American Indian tribes led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse. The significant
history leading up to this fantastic battle and all aspects of the opposing forces such as command
and control, composition, and strategic and operational tactics ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
A Sioux warrior named Red Cloud lead a deception party that ambushed and killed eighty–one
soldiers and civilians on December 21, 1866 at Fort Kearny. This attack sparked national outrage
and demands for revenge against all American Indians. The year that followed saw Army victories at
a few battles but ultimately the Bozeman Trail and its three forts were abandoned after the Army
conceded to the American Indians. The United States government officially formalized the surrender
of the three Bozeman Trail forts and the trail itself with the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868.
Another extremely important event that contributed to the culminating battle along the Little
Bighorn River was the Battle of the Washita on November 27, 1868. Lieutenant Colonel Custer was
engaged in war with the Southern Cheyenne in Kansas and into the Indian Territory, present day
Oklahoma, when he came upon the camp of a Cheyenne Chief by the name of Black Kettle. Custer
and the 7th Calvary Regiment launched a successful dawn attack on the camp. Estimates vary
greatly but the general consensus is that almost all of the Cheyenne killed on November 27, 1868
were old men, women, and children. The immediate results of this battle were deep resentment and
hatred of the whites by the American Indians who considered the battle to be a massacre.
The Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868 led to continuous conflict

How Ketchum Is A Small Town Of Northeast Oklahoma That Has...
Ketchum is a small town in northeast Oklahoma that has a present–day population of 450 residents.
Ketchum first became a town in 1899 and was named after a Delaware tribe member named James
Ketchum. The town was originally located in the northeast part of Mayes County, close to James
and his wife Elisabeth's home. However, in 1912 once the Kansas, Oklahoma & Gulf Railroad was
expanded from Kansas to Texas the town was relocated. Residents moved the town site to the
southeastern part of Craig County sandwiched between Mayes County and Delaware County to be
near the railroad.
In 1803 part of the land that would someday become Ketchum was a small portion of the land that
was acquired through the Louisiana Purchase. This land was unsettled and deemed only suitable for
Indian relocation. In 1830 President Andrew Jackson signed The Indian Removal Act and all Indians
West of the Mississippi were forced to move to the Indian Territory. Once the tribes arrived in Indian
Territory they began to rebuild. The struggles to rebuild lasted many years and some tribes never
flourish as they once did. Many of the effects of the forced relocation are still felt today. Because of
the forced removal the Indians did not trust the federal government. When the civil war began in
1861 many of the Indians sided with the confederates due to the lack of trust they had with the
federal government and many of the tribes fought alongside with the Confederate army. "Old
Military Road" was a road

Lewis Addison Armistead And The Civil War
Lewis Addison Armistead was a brigadier general in the Confederate Army during the Civil War. He
participated in the Mexican American War, the Mojave War, and the Civil War. Armistead's heritage
included great participation in the military of the United States and ties to Virginia during the
colonial period. Armistead was born February 18, 1817 in New Bern, North Carolina. Lewis came
from a high–ranking military family. His father, George Armistead was the commander of Fort
McHenry during the War of 1812, and his grandfather, John Stanly was a United Stated
Congressman, and uncle Edward Stanly was a military governor of Eastern North Carolina during
the Civil War. Due to his family connection to the United States military and government, Lewis
attended the West Point in 1834. He attended West Point as a cadet until he broke a plate over Jubal
Early's head, which led to his dismissal in 1836. Along with the misconduct, he had troubles
academically with French class. After his dismissal he was still able to attain a spot in the Sixth US
Infantry as second lieutenant on July 10, 1839 from George Armistead's help. Later he was
promoted to First Lieutenant in 1844 after serving under his father in the Second Seminole War.
Lewis then married his wife Cecilia Lee Love later that year. According to militaryhistory.about.com
Cecilia was a distant cousin of Robert E. Lee. They had two children named Walker Keith and Flora
Lee. After their marriage, Lewis and Cecilia

Battle Of The Little Bighorn
Battle of the Little Bighorn
SSG Christian E. Hernandez
3rd Platoon, SLC, NCO Academy AGENDA
Introduction
The Sioux Treaty of 1868 Violation
Leadership Viewpoints
Battle of the Little Bighorn Details
General Custer on Verge of Remarkable Victory
MAJ Reno and CPT Banteen Wary Conduct
Battle of the Little Bighorn Alternate Outcome
Conclusion
References Battle of the Little Bighorn
Battle of the Little Bighorn (BLB), also called Custer's Last Stand, is one of the most famous battles
in U.S. history. It resulted in the death of 268 U.S. soldiers, all under General Custer's immediate
command (Hickman, UNK). The BLB was part of the Great Sioux War and took place along the
Little Bighorn River in Montana. The BLB involved the 7th Cavalry ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In addition, this document will highlight the importance of an effective leadership style, focusing on
the proper use of intelligence assets and the welfare of soldiers in order to accomplish the mission
during war.
The Sioux Treaty of 1868 Violation The BLB was a response to the violation of the Sioux treaty of
1868. Both, the Sioux tribes and the U.S. Government (USG) signed a treaty in 1868, guaranteeing
the Indians ownership of the Black Hills and hunting rights (Staff, 2009). However, General Custer
led an expedition of miners into the Black Hills that discovered gold in 1874. According to Corbin
(2000), the Black Hills stretch across western South Dakota, northeast Wyoming and southeast
Montana. Indians consider the Black Hills a sacred landscape because it is the spiritual center of the
Sioux nation. The discovery of gold in the Black Hills attracted gold hunters who crossed into
Indian lands, not caring of the significance of the land. According to the History Channel, this
betrayal and breach of the treaty led many Sioux and Cheyenne tribesmen to leave their reservations
and joined Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse (Famous Sioux warrior leaders) in Montana. By spring of
1876, more than 10,000 Native Americans gathered in a camp along the Little Bighorn River (UNK,
2009). The USG offered to buy the Black Hills for $6

Custer and The Battle of Little Bighorn Essay
Introduction "The Battle of the Little Bighorn, also known as Custer's Last Stand and, by the Indians
involved, as the Battle of the Greasy Grass, was an armed engagement between combined forces of
Lakota, Northern Cheyenne and Arapaho people against the 7th Cavalry Regiment of the United
States Army. The battle, which occurred on June 25 and 26, 1876 near the Little Bighorn River in
eastern Montana Territory, was the most famous action of the Great Sioux War of 1876."i Was this
battle led by a courageous General or a desperate man is search of being seen as an American hero
by the eyes of America?
History George Armstrong Custer was born 5 December 1839 in New Rumley, Ohio. He was the
son of a blacksmith with little money, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He grew his hair long, and wore a large feather in his hat. His dress coat was of black velvet with
gold stitched embroidering. He claimed that he adopted this outfit so that his men "would recognize
him on any part of the field".iv
Following the civil war the Army was downsizing. Custer was a captain in the regular army. In July
1866 he was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel made second in command of the 7th Calvary at Fort
Riley Kansas. As the settlers, along with the railroad, were pushing west, there were conflicts with
Indians. Custer's mission was to tract down these roving Indian, war parties. This was a new type of
war for Custer. It was guerrilla warfare. Custer tried to track down the Indians as if they were the
confederates. He would camp on hill tops so he could see all around him. At night, his men would
build big fires. The Indians would see this and flee. This lack of success drastically brought the
morale down in Custer and his men. Before long, a group of 15 men deserted, Custer ordered them
to be tracked down and shot. He then went on a forced march with his men just so he could spend a
day with his wife regardless of the repercussions to his career. Major General Hancock gave a court
martial to Custer for the execution of his men without trial. Custer was suspended in pay for one
year.v
July 1868, white settlers were attacked by Indians, 15 men were dead and five women

The Life of Geroge Armstrong Custer
Synopsis: George Armstrong Custer was a West Point graduate who attained military promotions to
brigadier general and major general in the regular army on March 13, 1865 and major general of
volunteers April 15, 1865 during the American Civil War. Later in 1870's, Custer moved to the west
to fight in the Indian Wars. On June 25, 1876, a battle at Little Bighorn against Lakota and
Cheyenne warriors was fought where he led 210 men. Custer and all of his men were killed in the
battle. The battle, also known as "Custer's Last Stand," was part of the Black Hills War against a
confederation of Plains Indians, including the Cheyenne and Dakota Sioux. It is considered one of
the most controversial battles in U.S. history. A cavalry commander in the United States Army,
Custer fought in both the Indian Wars as well as the Civil War. He was born and brought up in Ohio
and Michigan and West Point admitted in 1858. During the Civil War he gained a reputation that
was strong because of whom he associated with. The Battle of Bull Run was his first major
involvement. He had a temporary promotion to major general but returned to captain at the end of
the war. After the Civil Wars, he left for the west and the Indian Wars. He led the 7th Cavalry in the
battle of Washita River. Later, in 1873, he was sent to the Dakota Territory to help protect a railroad
survey crew from attacks by the Lakota Indians.
By 1876, still in the Black Hills, tensions had risen between the United States and the

Battle Analysis of the Battle of Little Bighorn Essay
Battle Analysis of the Battle of Little Bighorn
On June 25, 1876, The Battle of Little Bighorn took place near the Black Hills in Montana. This was
one of the most controversial battles of the 20th century and the line between good guys and bad
guys was grey at best. Gen. George Armstrong Custer (reduced to LTC after the civil war) had 366
men of the 7thU.S. Cavalry under his command that day. Sitting Bull (A Medicine Man) led 2000
braves of the Lakota, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho tribes (Klos, 2013). At the conclusion of the
battle, the stories of the Indians savagery were used to demonize their culture and there were no
survivors from the 7thcavalry to tell what really happened.
The Strategic Setting
In 1875, Custer had made a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Economic. A major economic recession coincided with the discovery of gold in the Black Hills.
Attempts by the government to buy back the land failed, and many Indians left their reservations
and headed for the Black Hills, where a new and charismatic leader, Sitting Bull, emerged to unite a
coalition of Sioux and Cheyenne (Batten, 2012).
Social. "The honor of his country weighed lightly in the scale against the glorious name of 'Geo. A
Custer'. The hardship and danger to his men were worthy of little consideration when dim visions of
a star (promotion) floated before the excited mind of our Lieutenant–Colonel." T Ewert, Private 7th
Cavalry. Custer was a glory hunter and would let nothing stand in his way. The pact that he had
made with the Lakota meant nothing when it impeded the progression of his military career.
Information. The Indians knew the 7thCavalry were coming allowing Sitting Bull to mass his forces.
Custer had no idea of the size, location, or weapons prior to the actual conflict. Had he known these
factors he wouldn't have split his forces leaving him spread thin at Custer hill and he would have
taken a different approach to attacking the Native Americans.
Infrastructure. The 7th Cavalry's infrastructure was lacking in comparison to the Indians. The U.S.
Cavalry was strictly governed by doctrine, knowing only how to

The Battle of the Little Bighorn Essay
The conflict that occurred between the U.S. Government and the Native American Indian tribes,
known as the Great Sioux War. It was a lengthy, disjointed struggle between the U.S. Army and the
allied tribes of the Teton Sioux and Northern Cheyenne Indians that occurred in the span of fifteen
months between, March 1876 and May 18771. Hostilities between the U.S. Government and the
Native American Indian tribes grew due to the movement of settlers on the land promised to them.
The Northern Plains, which consist of the Dakotas, Nebraska, Wyoming and Montana, is where the
majority of the war took place. The most prominent battle of this war was the Battle of Little Big
Horn, due to the amount of casualties taken by the U.S. 7TH Cavalry led ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
After the Civil War ended, Custer was offered the rank of Lieutenant Colonel with the command of
the 7TH Cavalry Regiment4. Custer served in many campaigns the U.S. Cavalry conducted
including Major General Hancock's campaign against the Cheyenne and the Battle of Washita River
against the Black Kettle5.
Sitting Bull was born in 1834 into the tribal traditions of the nomadic northern plains Indians6.
Sitting Bull displayed great potential in his tribe as a hunter and began to participate as a warrior of
the tribe. Through his actions during conflicts and the leadership he displayed, Sitting Bull was
given the honor to be inducted into the Strong Heart Warrior Society, an honor bestowed only to the
bravest warriors. By the mid 1850's he began to assert political influence on his tribe by taking
control of the Strong Hearts7. Sitting Bull knew about the relocation of the Eastern tribes by the
whites and the tactics used to push them off their land. Sitting Bull not only dealt with relocating
eastern Indian tribes, but also settlers who continued to push into the Sioux lands. The settlers knew
the boundaries of the Sioux area and continued to push into the land disregarding the boundaries.
Sitting Bull was never elected to be chief in his tribe, but his prestige and influence was greater than
other high–ranking political leaders in his tribe8. Sitting Bull demonstrated his ability as a leader
through the constant pursuit he displayed

Black Kettle Research Paper
Black Kettle is a well known traditional Cheyenne peace chief. Black Kettle is traditional because
peace is the traditional Cheyenne culture and most other Cheyenne chiefs fight and that is why
Black Kettle is traditional. He was born in 1802 in the Black Hills of present day South Dakota.
Black Kettle is famous for being a peacemaker, the tribal chief of the Southern Cheyenne, and Chief
of the Council of Forty–four. There isn't a lot of information about Black Kettle's early life. He was
born into the Northern Cheyenne tribe. He lived as a farmer until the french kicked them out of their
land and they became nomadic buffalo hunters. Black Kettles hobbies were fighting because he was
an able warrior. He also probably enjoyed hunting because his tribe became nomadic buffalo
hunters. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He had four wives from the Wotapio band in Southern Cheyenne. Then he had 17 children that he
trained to fight and hunt. When Black Kettle was 50 he became the Chief of the Council of Forty–
four. The Council of Forty –four was one of the main governance of the Cheyenne tribe. Black
Kettle is also very famous for being a great peace Chief. Three important accomplishments in Black
Kettle's life were the Fort Wise Treaty, the Little Arkansas Treaty, and the Medicine Lodge Treaty.
The Fort Wise Treaty gave the Southern Cheyenne more land and was signed in 1861. The Little
Arkansas River Treaty was signed in 1865 and moved them into Kansas. The Medicine Lodge
Treaty moved the Southern Cheyenne into Kansas and was signed on October 28, 1867. The result
of the Treaty of Fort Wise lead to the Sand Creek Massacre. Black Kettle survived The Sand Creek

Comanche Indians Essay
COMANCHE INDIANS
The Comanches, exceptional horsemen who dominated the Southern Plains, played a prominent role
in Texas frontier history throughout much of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
Anthropological evidence indicates that they were originally a mountain tribe, a branch of the
Northern Shoshones, who roamed the Great Basin region of the western United States as crudely
equipped hunters and gatherers. Both cultural and linguistic similarities confirm the Comanches'
Shoshone origins. The Comanche language is derived from the Uto–Aztecan linguistic family and is
virtually identical to the language of the Northern Shoshones. Sometime during the late seventeenth
century, the Comanches acquired horses, and that acquisition ... Show more content on
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As many as thirteen different, Comanche bands were identified during the historic period, and most
probably there were others that were never identified. However, five major bands played important
roles in recorded Comanche history.
The southernmost band was called Penateka, or "Honey Eaters." Their range extended
from the Edwards Plateau to the headwaters of the Central Texas rivers. Because of their location,
the Penatekas played the most prominent role in Texas history. North Of Penateka, country was the
habitat of the band called Nokoni, or "Those Who Turn Back." The Nokonis roamed
from the Cross Timbers region of North Texas to the mountains of New Mexico. Two smaller bands,
the Tanima ("Liver–Eaters") and the Tenawa ("Those Who Stay
Downstream"), shared the range of the Nokonis. These three divisions are sometimes referred
to collectively as Middle Comanches. Still farther north was the range of the Kotsotekas, or
"Buffalo–Eaters." Their territory covered what is now western Oklahoma, where they
often camped along the Canadian River. The northernmost band was known as the Yamparikas, or
"Yap–Eaters," a name derived from that of an edible root. Their range extended north to
the Arkansas River. The fifth major band, known as Quahadis ("Antelopes"), roamed the high plains
of the Llano Estacado.
FOODS

History Of The Topographical Engineers
The history of the Topographical Engineers defines and highlights many changes in the Army over
the years. The resources and assets provided over the years has changed in some dynamics.
Engineers have always and will always provide many needed skill sets. Engineers have been the
driving force through the years for the military. It has been the engineers that provided an
unexplained amount of capabilities to the battlefield. Those capabilities were not just limited to war
though. The contributions of the engineers have been used on the civil side during times of peace as
well. The engineers have always provided an ever evolving skill that is in broad use in multiple
ways. Topographical Engineers saw many changes in the early years leading to the engineers of
today. Those changes have in no way changed the mission set forth in the beginning by the
Topographical Engineers, to the current mission of the Corp of Engineers today. In all those changes
and restructure engineers still and will always be one of the greatest assets the Army has at its
disposal.
Origin of the Topographical Engineers The history of the engineers dates all the way back to the
Continental Army in 1775. During this time it was determined by the Continental Congress that
there would be three positions. The first of the three positions would be the Chief Engineer along
with two assistant engineers. This would the start to the Corps of Engineers. It was not until 1812
during the war that the first

Chief Black Kettle
Chief Black Kettle was born to the Northern Sòtaeo'o band of the Northern Cheyenne in the Black
Hills. Kettle later married into the Wotàpio band of the Southern Cheyenne after 1854. He made a
very great leader of the Southern Cheyenne. He resisted the American Settlement from Kansas and
Colorado Territories. Kettle was a peacemaker who accepted a formally countries to protect his
people. Black Kettle was killed by Union Soldiers in 1868 during the Battle of Washita River took
his life. Little was known of Chief Black Kettle's life prior to 1854 when he was made the Chief of
the the Council of Forty–four, the central government of the Cheyenne tribe. They met up every
sunday at the Sun Dance gatherings where they would State something to be ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The land was not fit for growing any crops and they were miles from any Buffalo. The tribes were
not going to accept this treaty. They then went to war with the white settlers without the consent of
Kettle or any other leaders. In the year of 1867 Black Kettle signed another treaty. This time it was
called the Medicine Lodge Treaty. This was a treaty to live peacefully next to the Europeans
Americans. "The relationship between the two groups is a subject of historical dispute." Little Rock
second–commander of the Black Kettles Village came back with multiple white prisoners, including
children. Kettle was really starting to feel like he had no control of the young warriors actions.
While all the raides and massacres were happening, General Philip Sheridan set up a plan to inflict
punishment on the Cheyenne winter encampments to pay for their actions. During this time they had
destroyed all their supplies, livestock, and any people that had resisted. On November 27, 1868
George Armstrong Custer led an army to attack Black Kettle and his village. His troops killed over
100 Native Americans, manly Southern Cheyenne. While Kettle and his wife were escaping across
the river they were shot in the back and killed. The only survivor was Black Kettles daughter
Monaseetah, who had a son named Yellow Swallow with

Slavery in the United States and United States Government
History 11 Take Home Final Please be prepared to transfer your answers to a scantron when you
arrive at the final. Bring #2 pencils. 1. As evidenced by the formation of the Lowell Female Reform
Association in 1844, female workers in New England textile mills had changed their methods of
resistance to deteriorating working conditions. What new method were they using? a. They
organized a nationwide product boycott. b. They called for the passage of state legislation to shorten
the workday. c. They engaged in sabotage against the machines. d. They organized and went on
strike. 2. The development of a national railroad system was hampered by which of the following? a.
The absence of a national standard for track width b. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
12. Which of the following was true of the Northwest Territory between 1790 and 1860? a.
Migration into the region was slow largely due to the questionable status of slavery in the area. b.
The population of the region grew at a phenomenal rate. c. The region's climate caused a
significantly higher death rate than in the Northeastern states. d. Although the population grew due
to natural increase, more people actually left the region than moved into the region. 13. Which of the
following is true of "black laws" passed by many Midwestern states in the 1850s? a. These laws
prohibited gambling of any kind and imposed strict penalties against bookmakers. b. These laws
prohibited African Americans from living within the border of such states. c. These laws prevented
the return of runaway slaves to their southern owners. d. These laws provided financial incentives to
free black laborers willing to become permanent residents. 14. Beginning in 1820, why did western
migrants find the Midwest more attractive than the Southwest? a. The United States government
would finance a move to the Midwest but not to the Southwest. b. The transportation routes of the
Midwest were better developed than those of the Southwest. c. The growing season was much
longer in the Midwest. d. They could obtain free land. 15. Which of the following is true of the
Black Hawk War? a. It marked the end of militant Indian resistance uprisings in the Old Northwest.

The Battle Of The Little Bighorn River
Little Bighorn Battle Analysis
The Battle of the Little Bighorn River, which took stage on the 25th and 26th of June 1876, was
known to the Lakota as the Battle of the Greasy Grass. This Battle was also one of the last important
stands of the American Indians against the United States of America. The Battle took place in the
Montana Territory between the combined Indian tribes of the Lakota, Northern Cheyenne, and
Arapaho tribes. These Indian tribes led by Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse and other Indian leaders battled
the Seventh Cavalry Regiment of the United States Army. The Indian forces were victorious during
this battle where they faced their much smaller in number opponent led by General George
Armstrong Custer. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the events that led to the conflict, the
environment of the battle ground, the disposition and composition of each side, actions, inactions
taken as well as the their significance.
The Indians, threatened by the expansion of the white settlements west of the Mississippi River, this
endangered their way of life that revolved around the Buffalo and eventually led to their
confinement to reservations. The United States Government claimed a large portion of their lands
for other uses but did grant the plain Indians with an area exclusive to them known as the Great
Sioux Reservation, established by the treaty of 1868. It also allowed them hunting ground and
grazing land for the Buffalo outside the reservation.

Samuel Colt Argumentative Essay
Introduction In 1836, Samuel Colt introduced his Colt Pearson revolver to the world. This moment
changed the course of history and made a legend of both the man and his product. Though the
invention of the revolver did have an enormous impact on society, was it for the better? Did it bring
peace as the name one model suggests, the Colt Peacemaker, or did it bring death and destruction? It
is a difficult task to look back on the impact of an invention and determine whether or not society
would have been better off without it. The revolver can be considered as being both a tool of
protection and an efficient dealer of death. It has a storied history that, good or bad, is legendary.
The Innovation That Made the West There were two innovations Samuel Colt introduced to the
weapons manufacturing industry that changed the world. The first was the revolving cylinder. Prior
to Sam Colt, the only pistols with the capability to fire multiple rounds without reloading had to
have multiple barrels and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus making it not only widely available, but also relatively inexpensive. These facts made for a
very dangerous combination in a vast landscape with few lawmen. The Wild West, as it was called
became a lawless place, a place where a small gang of men could rob banks, stagecoaches, and
trains with impunity. One example of such outlawry can be seen in the legendary exploits of Jesse
James and the James–Younger Gang. Jesse and his gang had terrorized the people of Missouri and
the southwest for sixteen years before he was finally gunned down by a fellow gang member in
1882. He is credited with having robbed eleven banks, seven trains, three stagecoaches, one county
fair payroll messenger, and the murder of sixteen people [Neosho Daily News, 1979]. Jesse's
weapon of choice in the committing of these crime's was his trustee pair of Colt .45 peacemakers

Changes Between Civil War And Reconstruction In Indian...
Essay A –1 Although the horrors of the American Civil War and Reconstruction within Indian
Territory were fresh. Yet, the presence of Indian Territory changed drastically between 1865 and
1889, because of the "Second Trail of Tears", the unrest of the Southern Plains tribes of western
Indian Territory, and the impact of U.S. Polices on Indian Territory.
The Indian Nations lost nearly half their land due to the Reconstruction treaties of 1866, which
required the land lost to be used for resettlement of more Indian tribes. Indian populations within
Indian Territory did not change much from 1865 to 1900, but the non– Indian populations soon
outnumbered the Indian populations six to one (Baird and Goble, p 126). Lane – Pomeroy Plan
pushed by the Kansas representatives, James Lane and Samuel Pomeroy, to pressure the Federal
government to remove more Indians to Indian Territory (Baird and Goble, p 131). The
Homesteading movement increased pressure to relocate Indians to Indian Territory to open up more
lands in surrounding states for settlement. Upwards to 15,000 Indians were relocated to Indian
Territory during the Second Trail of Tears (Baird and Goble, p 131). The increased diversity
between Indian tribes and the growing non–Indian population created a tension for Indians to
maintain control of Indian Territory, which grew worse as the territory edged closer to statehood.
The Second Trail of Tears, like the first, were done in a series of waves of forced and voluntary

War Between Europeans And Indians
Suspicion and hostility, branching from technological and cultural differences, as well as, mutual
feelings of being superior, have infused relations between Native Americans and non–Natives in
North America. Intertribal conflicts among the Indians, and nationalistic rivalries, lacking faith, and
expansion desires on the part of non–natives worsened these tensions. The resulting white and native
conflicts often took a particularly bad turn and resulted in the near destruction of the native
people(Native American). War between Europeans and Indians was common back in the 1600s. In
1622, the Powhatans nearly wiped out the already struggling Jamestown colony. Frustrated at the
continuing conflicts, Nathaniel Bacon and a group of whites destroyed the Pamunkey Indians before
leading an unsuccessful revolt against colonial authorities in 1676. Continuous wars also plagued
early Dutch colonies in New York. In New England, Puritan forces wiped out the Pequots in 1636, a
campaign's intensity that seemed to shape the future. Following attacks inspired by King Philip
against English settlements sparked a concerted response from the New England Confederation.
Employing Indian partnerships and a scorched–earth policy, the colonists nearly wiped out the
Narragansetts, Wampanoag, and Nipmuck tribes in 1675 and1676. A major Pueblo revolt also
threatened New Mexico in 1680 (European). Indians were also a key factor in the rivalries among
France, Spain, and England. In King William's, Queen

Compare And Contrast Crazy Horse And Little Bighorn
Crazy Horse and Custer Comparison As being two revered warriors from completely opposite sides,
General Armstrong Custer and Crazy Horse held very similar characteristics that ultimately made
them tick. After doing some deep research on these two men it was almost complete fate that they
met on the battlefield of Little Bighorn. To what I say that their lives were destined to go the way
they did, so they would fight face to face. As for the paper goes these two men were brought up with
completely different family scenarios that led them to the great warriors that they ended up being.
George Armstrong Custer was born December 5, 1839 in New Rumley, Ohio to Emanuel and Maria
Custer. According to an article written by Jeffry Wert of History.Net, Custer was given the nickname
"Autie" by his mother on top of other like "Hard Ass and Iron Butt" . Autie was almost or was fully
worshipped by his other sibling and especially was spoiled by his parents at a very young age. This
mindset was driven deep into Autie's mind that he could probably get away with anything that he did
bad or great. Wert goes on by saying that "Autie was bright" but was a "bad boy in school" , just
because he wasn't willing to put the work in, in the classroom. Eventually Custer wanted to join the
army mainly this being the only place in life that interested him, in June 1857 Custer enrolled into
West Point, but this went as well as his schooling in his younger years. In his full four

The Battle Of Little Big Horn
If you grew up in the United States then you have heard about The Battle of Little Big Horn,
however you might remember it as being called Custer's last stand. Hearing the title might bring up
some knowledge of the battle, but why was the battle fought and did it serve a greater purpose? This
paper will show how and why the battle happened and why the Battle of Little Bighorn could have
been avoided as well as some of the effects the battle had.
General George Armstrong Custer had gained the reputation of getting into trouble early into his
career (PBS n.d.). He graduated last in his class, and shortly after his graduation he was court
marshaled for not stopping a fight between two cadets (PBS n.d.). He never was punished for this ...
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If the treaty wasn't written up until after the Black Hills was searched for gold they could have made
a different agreement with the Sioux that would have allowed Americans to mine the gold.
When they found gold it was just a matter of time before things on the Sioux land would become
heated. Miners made their way to the Black Hills, moving further and further into the Sioux's
hunting grounds. Ulysses S. Grant who was president during this time tried to honor the Treaty of
Fort Laramie (PBS n.d.) but the miners demanded government protection from the Native
Americans (Clark n.d.). When Grant gave into the pressure the federal government issued an order
requiring all Indians to move onto reservations by January 31, 1876, otherwise they would be
considered hostile (PBS n.d.).
Many of the Indians didn't hear about the order while others simply ignored it. So Grant decided to
send troops to the Dakota territory to fight the Native Americans. John Gibbon, George Crook, and
Alfred Terry led these troops (PBS n.d.). Custer was not part of the force during this time due to
political issues. The biggest reason Grant avoided using Custer was because he had testified about
corruption in Grant's Indian affairs offices (PBS n.d.). It wasn't long before Grant's friend Philip
Sheridan persuaded Grant to send Custer west.
Although the Sioux were abiding by the treaty, Custer's army was ordered to move

George Armstrong Custer Mission Command Failure
Mission Command Failures of General George A. Custer
General George Armstrong Custer has been touted as one of the most infamous Army leaders in
American military history. Often he is used as a cliché to indicate a great failure of a process or
military action. But what did Custer do to bring about his demise on the hot afternoon of Sunday
June 25th, 1876? Why did his successes in the Civil War not follow him into the Indian Wars? The
purpose of this paper is to explore the principals of mission command and to describe how Custer
embraced or violated them.
The principals of mission command are the framework within which we will examine Custer's
performance. These principals are defined in ADP 6.0 as the following:
1. Build cohesive teams ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He decided to split the regiment into three separate commands. Captain Benteen was ordered to
scout to the west with 3 companies. Major Reno was ordered to attack up the valley with 3
companies and press the enemy northward. General Custer told Reno, "Take your battalion to try
and overtake and bring them to battle, and I will support you." (Schultz & Clark, 2010) After
visiting the Crow's Nest Mountain, General Custer changed his mind and decided he was going to
move northward through the bluffs to the east with the remaining five companies, and attack the
enemy from the flank. Clear orders were given, but clear intent was not. Furthermore, he changed
the plan and did not get word to Major Reno about the change. There is no evidence that there was a
clearly defined end state that Custer wanted to achieve as a tactical maneuver task. This left his two
other units without a clear understanding of the intent of the overall mission, and proved fatal for
many of Major Reno's

Smoke Signals Response Essay
Ashilay Dillow
SIU850015144
SOC215
November 14, 2013
Film Response to Smoke Signals The film Smoke Signals is about two young Native American men,
Victor Joseph and Thomas Builds–the–Fire, who venture off their reservation in Idaho to go to
Phoenix, Arizona to pick up the ashes of Victor's dead father. The film opens with a house fire on the
Fourth of July, 1976. Infant Thomas is saved from the fire by Victor's father, Arnold, but is also left
parentless when his parents aren't so lucky. Twelve years later, Victor's drunk and abusive father
abandons his family and leaves the reservation. Twenty years later, Victor learns of his father's death
and decides that he should go retrieve his father's ashes in Phoenix. Knowing that Victor ... Show
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The comment "We've been traveling a long time..." can also represent a metaphor comparing the
long and difficult journey of their ancestors to their own. One of the metaphors in the film can be
found in the near end when Victor's father tells a story of himself and Victor playing basketball
against catholic priests. The game and its players represent a battle of Indians versus Christians and
therefore a metaphor for the most of the conflict between the United States and Native Americans.
The U.S. government attempted many time in many different ways to assimilate Indians. In
government–ran schools, Indian children were not allowed to practice their traditional beliefs and
were encouraged and sometimes forced to practice Christian

Bleeding Kansas Themes
Chase Nichols History, Civics, Social Responsibility Mr. Kaufmann Movie Review The West:
Episode 4 (Death Runs Riot) In the 1850's, more American pioneers moved west, bringing with
them slavery that would ignite the Civil War. Tactics that had defeated the armies of the South
would then begin to be used against the Native Americans of the West. In "Bleeding Kansas,"
abolitionists battle for free soil. In Utah, federal troops march against Mormon their practice of
polygamy. The war between North and South unleashes visceral savagery in the West, and leaves
behind an army prepared for total war against the Native Americans of the plains. Introductory
comments suggest that the West, at least during this time, was a region of exaggerated violence in
places such as Pottawattamie ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Julia Lovejoy, an antislavery advocate who had recently moved to Kansas, provides some narrative
unity for the first theme. Her letters, written to relatives in New Hampshire, detail the horrors of
"bleeding Kansas." The second theme is told effectively from the perspective of Black Kettle, the
Cheyenne peace chief, whose people were the victims of both Colonel John Chivington's massacre
at Sand Creek, Colorado, and George Armstrong Custer's 1868 attack on the banks of the Washita
River. Individual segments, which could be shown separately or safely omitted, tell the stories of:
Samuel Clemens sharpening his wit in his early years as a reporter in Nevada City; and John D. Lee,
who led the Mormons in a massacre of a wagon train at Mountain Meadows. This tragic incident,
controversial both then and now, is explained in the context of rising American hostility toward
Mormons, and the latter group's fears of the U.S. Army marching against them toward Salt

Comanche Indians
COMANCHE INDIANS
The Comanches, exceptional horsemen who dominated the Southern Plains, played a prominent role
in Texas frontier history throughout much of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
Anthropological evidence indicates that they were originally a mountain tribe, a branch of the
Northern Shoshones, who roamed the Great Basin region of the western United States as crudely
equipped hunters and gatherers. Both cultural and linguistic similarities confirm the Comanches'
Shoshone origins. The Comanche language is derived from the Uto–Aztecan linguistic family and is
virtually identical to the language of the Northern Shoshones. Sometime during the late seventeenth
century, the Comanches acquired horses, and that acquisition ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Because of their skills as trades, the Comanches controlled much of the commerce of the Southern
Plains. They bartered buffalo products, horses, and captives for manufactured items and foodstuffs.
SHELTER
The familiar Plains – type teepee constructed of tan buffalo hide stretched over sixteen to eighteen
lodge poles provided portable shelter for the Comanches.
CLOTHING
Their clothing, made of Bison hide or Buckskin, consisted of breechcloth, leggings, and moccasins
for men, and fringed skirt, poncho–style blouse, leggings, and moccasins for women. Buffalo robes
provided protection from cold weather.
TRANSPORTATION
However, it was the horse that most clearly defined the Comanche way of life. It gave them mobility
to follow the buffalo herds and the advantage of hunting and conducting warfare from horseback.
Horses also became a measure of Comanche wealth and a valuable trade commodity. In
horsemanship, the Comanches had no equal. Children learned to ride at an early age, and both men
and women developed exceptional equestrian skills.
GORVERNMENT
Democratic principle was strongly implanted in Comanche political organization. Each tribal
division had both civil or peace chiefs and war chiefs, but traditionally the head civil chief was most
influential. Leaders gained their positions through

Cheyenne: Algea-Consuming Indian Tribe In North Dakota
Cheyenne is an algea–consuming Indian tribe who originally lived by hunting and villris sanking on
the western graet Lakes, presumbly near Lake Superior. To Wards the end of the 17th century, they
were driven west by neighbors who had acquired firearms from the white. They settlet dowm at the
Red River, and came a little later in contact white the bofaste mandan, hidatsa and arikara at the
upper missouri River. From them they took up farms and villages (in large farmhouses) Around
1770, the Ojibwaes destroyed one of the largest cheyennelands towns in North Dakota, and soon the
Cheyennes also came into conflict with the Dakota. In addition to all this, a pituitary epidemic was
eradicated in the tribe. At this time the horse was introduced to

Native American War Atrocities

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