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- 1. International Referred Reseach Journal, February,2011, ISSN-0975-3486 RNI: RAJBIL 2009/300097 VOL-I *ISSUE 17
February 2011
Hkkjr o"kZ ds dsUnz esa fLFkr ekyok dk iBkj ;g ns’k dk g`n; ;gk¡ mifLFkr gq, FksA Jhen~ Hkkxor~ iqjk.k] eu`Le`fr] eRL;iqjk.k]
LFky gSA ;g dkyh feV~Vh dk ,d ,slk mitkÅ iBkjh Hkkx LdU/k iqjk.k] ok;qiqjk.k] czãiqjk.k vkfn esa ekyo ns’k ds xkSjo
gS] tgk¡ dbZ laL-fr;k¡ fodflr gqb]Z ,d nwljs esa vkRelkr dks yf{kr fd;k gSA mTtf;uh iwoZ es ekyok dh jkt/kkuh Fkh]
gqbAbl ekyo Hkwfe ij fofHkUu dkyksa esa dbZ jktoa’kksa us
Z ,oa vfr le`) uxjh FkhA
'kklu fd;kA ;gk¡ vusd izkphu lqnj uxj gS] ftudk vkt
a Ekkyok dk ,d vkSj uxj vkSdkjs’oj ekU/kkrk ds
a
Hkh ,sfrgkfld ,oa /kkfeZd egRo gSA 1 ekyok ns’k HkkSxksfyd uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA ;gk¡ ckjg T;ksfrfyZxksa esa ls ,d
a
n`f"V ls 74-24* iwoZ ls 78-25* iwohZ ns’kkarj rFkk yxHkx 23- T;ksfrfyZx vkSdkjs’oj esa fLFkr gSA tSlk dh mTtSu ds
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30^ ls 26-25* mRrj v{kka’k ds e/; QSyk gqvk gSA leqnz lrg egk¡dkys’ojA ekyok dk ,d vkSj uxj n’kiqj tks vkt
ls ekyok iBkj dh Å¡pkbZ vkSlru yxHkx 450 ehVj gSA ;gk¡ eanlkSj uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA vfr izkphu uxj gSA ;gk¡
dk okrkoj.k larqfyr gSA xfeZ;ksa esa ;gk¡ dh jkrs cgqr izkxSfrgkfld dky ds vo’ks"k izkIr gq, gSA bl uxj esa
lqgkouh gksrh gSA fdlh us dgk gS ^^lqcg cukjl]esa vo/k vkSj iqjk.kdkyhu jktk jafrnso ds 'kklu dk mYys[k feyrk gSA
'kcs ekyok** eqxy lezkV tgk¡xhj Hkh mRrj ls nf{k.k ;k=k og pano’k dk jktk ekuk tkrk FkkA ekyok ds ,frgkfld
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ds le; ekyok ds g`n; LFky ekaMo esa foJke djrk FkkA Lo:Ik dks ge ,frgkfld izekf.kdrkvksa ls fl) dj ldrs
ekyo Hkwfe esa uk gh gM~fM;k dM+dM+kus okyh BaM gS] u gh gS] ftldk lcls cM+k mnkgj.k lk¡ph gSA lkaph jk;lsu o
;gka Hk;adj pØokr gkrs gSa vkSj u gh ckny brus de cjlrs fofn’kk ds e/; esa gSA ;gk¡ izkphu ckS) Liwr gSA ;g lkaph
fd Hkwfe dks jsfxLRkku cuk MkysA2 /ku&lEink ls ifjiw.kZ cM+k dk Lrwi fo’o fo[;kr gSA1
gh 'kkafr fiz; gS] ;g ekyok ns’kA ;gk¡ dh ufn;ksa esa dkyh bls ekS;Z lezkV v’kksd us cuok;k FkkA blds vfrfjDRk ekyo
fla/k] ueZnk] pEcy] f{kizk] cSrok] ikoZrh vkfn egRoiw.kZ gSA
a Hkwfe esa ,j.k]mTtSu] fofn’kk] fcyika[k] eanlkSj bR;kfn LFkkuksa
ekyok 'kCn moZjd Hkwfe dk lwpd gSA ey; 'kCn dh rjg ij LrEHk izkIRk gq,] tks ekyok ds ,frgkfld egRo dh ;kn
ekyok Hkh mPpHkwfe vFkok iBkjh {ks= ds Hkko dks izxV djrk vkt Hkh fnykrh gSAbl /kjrh ij v’kksd ds Ik’pkr~ 'kqx ,oa a
gSA3 lkrokgu 'kkldksa dk vkf/kiR; jgkA 'kqaxdky esa jkt/kkuh
ekyok ns’ k dk ,sf rgkfld Lo:Ik %& mTtSu ls gVkdj fofn’kk ys tk;h x;hA 'kdksa dks jktk
ekyok ds ew/kZU; fo}ku lj tkWu ekyde us ekyok foØekfnR; us mTtSu ls ekj Hkxk;k ,oa foØekfnR; dk
dks Vscy yS.M dgk gSA 1 ekyok 'kCn mitkÅ vFkZ dk 'kklu dky bZlk iwoZ 57 esa ekuk tkrk gSA foØekfnR; ds ckn
|ksrd gSA iz-fr dh -ik ls ;g {ks= oSHko’kkyh jgk gSA ^^ek¡** dk dky va/kdkje; jgkA xqIrdky yxHkx 319 bZ- ls izkjaHk
'kCn ls vk’k; ,s’o;Z dh nsoh egky{eh rFkk ^^yo** 'kCn /ku gksrk gSA Jh jk;d`".k nkl fy[krs gS fd ^^xqIrksa dk dyk ize s
,s’o;Z ds Lokeh Jh ukjk;.k gsrq iz;DRk gqvk gSA 2 ekyo Hkwfe
q vkSj mRd`"Brk muds ;qx dh izR;sdfr ls Vidrh gSA panxIr
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esa ,d ls ,d egku yksx gq, gSA Hkxoku Jh -d`".k vius f}rh; dk iwohZ ekyok ij vf/kdkj jgkA fofn’kk ls ,d
T;s"B ca/kq cyjke ds lkFk fo|ksiktZu ds fy;s mTtf;uh esa vfHkys[k izkIr gS]ftlls Kkr gksrk gS fd ;gh panxqIr f}rh;
z
iwT; xq:oj lkanhifu egf"kZ ds ikl vk;s FksA Jhen~ Hkkxor lqifl) foØekfnR; gSAxqIRkksa ds le; gh vkSfydj oa’k dk
z
esa bl lac/k esa ,d yksd fn;k x;k gSA
a mRFkku gqvk ftldk 'kklu n’kiqj ij Fkk] vkSj bldk izFke
^^vFkksZa xq: dqy s oklfePNUrkoq itXerq% A 'kkld t;o/kZu FkkA ekyok esa dqN {ks=ksa ij okdkVdksa dk
dk’;ea lkan hifu uke gkofUriqj okflue~A A Hkh jkT; FkkA n’kiqj dk Lo.kZ;x ;’kksoeZu fo".kq o/kZu ds
q
3 egkHkkjr ;q) esa blh izns’k ds 'kkld jktk fcan vkSj le; ls izkjaHk gksrk gSA g"kZ o/kZu ds Ik’pkr~ ekyok ij ijekjksa
vuqfoan] nq;kZ/ku dh lgk;rk gsrq viuh lEiw.kZ lsuk lesr
s dk jkT; izkjaHk gksrk gS] rFkk vkBoh lnh ds iwokZ)Z esa ekyok
R E S E A R C H A N A L Y S I S A N D E V A L U A T I O N 153
- 2. International Referred Reseach Journal, February, 2011 ISSN-0975-3486 RNI: RAJBIL 2009/300097 VOL-I *ISSUE 17
ds flagklu ij izfrgkj fojkteku FksA iqu% ekyok ijekj oa’k 1235 bZLoh ds yxHkx x;k’kqnnhu vYre’k us ekyok dks
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ds laLFkkid misUnz ds gkFkksa esa vk x;k] misUnz dh lkroh yqVkA 1322 bZLoh esa rqxydksa us ekYok dks vius vf/kuLFk
ih<+h esa okdifr eqt gqvk] tks mRiy ds uke ls fo[;kr FkkA
a j[kkAgks’kax’kkg us ek.Mo dks viuh jkt/kkuh cuk;k] vkSj
mRiy ,d egku dfo FkkA blds le; ekyok esa laLd`r mldk uke 'kkfn;kckn j[k fn;kA fQj xqtjkr ds cgknqj’kkg
lkfgR; dh vPNh mUufr gqbZ] mlds le; mTtSu] egs’oj] us ekyok ij viuk vf/kdkj dj fy;kA dqN le; rd
vkSdkjs’oj] eku/kkrk vkSj /keZijh esa vusd ufn;ksa vkSj cka/kksa
q gqek;w¡ dk ekyok ij vf/kdkj jgkA 1542 esa 'ksj’kkg us ekyok
dk fuekZ.k gqvkA1 eat ds Ik’pkr~ lokZf/kd yksdfiz; 'kkld
q ij vf/kdkj fd;k] fQj 1562 bZ- esa ekyok ij vdcj us vf/
Hkkst gq, Hkkst eqat dk Hkrhtk FkkAjktk Hkkst us /kkj dks viuh kdkj fd;k vkSj blds ckn ekyok ij eqxyksa dk 'kklu jgkA
jkt/kkuh cuk;kA jktk Hkkst 11 oha 'krh ds iwokZ)Z esa ekyok bZ- 1737 esa ckthjko is’kok ekyok ds 'kkld gq,A
dk 'kkld FkkA bl dky ds dbZ vfHkys[k] mTtSu] frydokM+k] is’kok us ekyok dks vius cgknqj ljnkjksa gksydj] flaf/k;k
dkdou vkfn LFkkuksa ls izkIRk gq, gSA jktk Hkkst ds fo"k; esa ,oa iaokj esa ckV fn;kA Lora=rk izkfIr rd os ekyok ds
Jh xkaxyh fy[krs gS fd ^^bl dky esa ekyok us lq[kn thou
q 'kkld jgsAlu~ 1947 bZ- dks tc ns’k vktkn gqvk rc ekyok
a
Hkksx** turk us vkuan ,oa mRlo esa vius fnu fcrk,A Hkkst ds 16 ftys cuk;s x;s] vkSj e/; Hkkjr jkT; dh LFkkiuk dh
Lo;a fo}ku Fkk] mlus iztk dh f’k{kk ds fy;s ikB’kkyk xbZA bZ- 1956 esa e/;Hkkjr] fonHkZ vkSj e/;izn’k ds dqN
s
cuokbZ] ftuesa /kkj dh Hkkst’kkyk vkt Hkh izfl) gSA og bykds blesa 'kkfey dj e/;izn’k jkT; iquxfBr gqvk]
s Z
Lo;a egku~ dfo Hkh FkkA ftlds izFke eq[;ea=h iafMr jfo’kadj 'kqDy gq,A
Hkkst ds Ik’pkr~ 'kkld detksj gq, vkSj eqlyekuksa dk izHkko bl rjg ekyo ns’k esa izkphu dky ls ysdj
ekyok ij c<+us yxk] vkSj 'kh?kz gh ekyok eqlyekuksa ds gkFkksa Lora=rk izkfIr ,oa mlds Ik’pkr~ ds dbZ ,frgkfld igyq
esa vk x;kA ftlls /kkfeZdrk dks cM+k gh vk?kkr igqpk tca lkeus vk;s] ftldk orZeku Lo:Ik vkt gekjs lkeus gSA
eafnjksa dsk rksM+dj mUgsa efLtnksa esa ifjofrZr fd;k x;kA
1& MkW- eksrh pUnz d`r ^lk;Zokg* esa ekyok dh izkphu iFk i)fr dk foLr`r fooj.k fn;k x;k gSA 2& vkuan d`".k & ekyok isafVax i`‘&3 3&n ,t vkWQ
a
,Eihfj;y ;qfuVh i`-&168 & mTtf;uh n’kZu i`- 67 2& Jherh dqlqe HkS;k &ekyok dh yksd fp=dyk ¼’kks/k izca/k&Vafdr½ lu~ 19813&mTtf;uh n’kZu &Xokfy;j]
vizSy 1957 i`-a 19 1&MkW- Mh-lh- xkaxqyh&ijekj jktoa’k dk bfrgkl] y[kuÅ i`-&4 ¼Hkwfedk ls½
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