1. International Indexed & Referred Research Journal, April, 2012. ISSN- 0975-3486, RNI-RAJBIL 2009/30097;VoL.III *ISSUE-31
April, 2012 * Kalpana Bhajni
* Associate Professor, Kamla Nehru Mahavidyalay, Sakkardhara Square, Nagpur
QW' ku vkf.k r;kj diMs ;kapk vfr'k; ?kfu"V lac a/k vlwu gs nksU gh ,desd kaoj ifj.kke dj.kkjs ?kVd vkgs- gs lR; izR;sd r;kj diMs m|kst dkauk o
foØsR;kauk Lohdkj.ks Hkkxp vkgs- QW 'ku Eg.kts uok cny- oL«k cktkjkr QW ' kups fuR;uos izdkj ;sr vlrkr- iqjkrudkGkiklwu rj vkti;ZrP;k dkGkpk
a
vk<kok ?ksrY;kl vls izR;;kyk ;srs dh vFkZO;oLFksP ;k izR;sd {ks«kkr fnolsafnol uouohu cny gksr vkgs- dkj.k cnyR;k dkGkize k.ks izR;sd O;DrhaP;k
vkoMhfuoMh {k.kk{k.kkyk cnyr vlwu R;kaP;k jkg.khekukrgh Qjd iMr vkgs- R;keqGs cny gks.ks LokHkkfodp vkgs-i.k cny dsOgk gksb y o dlk gksbZy
Z
;kpk vankt yko.ks dBh.k vlrs- ;kykp ,dizd kjs QW 'ku vls EgVys tkrs-
1990 uarj uohu vkfFkZd /kksj.kkP;k lajpusr tkxfrdhdj.k] dj.;kr QW'kups ;ksxnku egRoiw.kZ vkgs- vkt QW'kupk izpkj
mnkjhdj.k o [kktxhdj.k ;k lq=koj vk/kkfjr fodklkph tynxrhus gksr vkgs- cnyR;k dkGkizek.ks o O;DrhaP;k
dkl /kjyh xsyh- ;kapk ifj.kke Eg.kts loZp cktkjisBk [kqY;k ilarhuqlkj tj r;kj diM;kr cny dsyk ukgh rj vktpk
gksou Li/kkZ ok<yh- rsOgk tkxfrdhdj.kkP;k izØh;sr vkiys m|kstd ;k vkfFkZd {ks=kr fVdwu jkgw 'kd.kkj ukgh- Eg.kwu
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vfLrRo fVdowu Bsok;ps vlsy rj cnyR;k ifjfLFkrh o QW'ku gh dkGkph xjt vlwu fujarj pky.kkjh izØh;k vkgs-
vkoMhfuoMhuqlkj mRiknu xzkgdkfHkeq[k dsys ikghts- vlk QW'kueqGs gks.kkÚ;k cnykpk vk<kok ?ksrY;kl vls y{kkr ;srs
fopkj oL«kks|ksxkrgh gksow ykxyk- xsY;k 15&16 o"kkZr ;kr dh QW'kupk vkys[k d/khp lekarj fdaok p<rk ulwu rks lrr
>ikV;kus cny gksou vkt jsMhesM diMs O;Drh vf/kd ilar deh tkLr gksr vlrks-QW'kupk bfrgkl
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djrkauk vk<Grkr- ;kpdkj.kkus gs m|ksx{ks«k oL«kks|ksxkps izkphu dkGkrhy bfrgklko:u QW'kupk bfrgklkph
vafre {ks= cuw ikgrs vkgs- o ;k jsMhesM m|ksxkpk lac/k lk{k iVrs- iqLrds] ekfld] tuZYl b- e/khy QksVks o isfUVx~l
a a
cnyR;k QW'ku’kh fnolsfnol ?kfu”V gksr vkgs vls fnlrs- o#u R;k R;k dkGkr d'kh QW'ku vlkoh ;kpk vankt
a
QW'ku Eg.kts dk; vkiY;kYkk ykork ;srks- Hkkjrh; laL—rhyk vfr'k; izkphuijaijk
^QW'ku Eg.kts uok cny* cnyR;k dkGkP;k vkgs- Hkkjrkrhy ijaijkxroL«ks gh R;k R;k dkGkrhy lkaL—frd
izokgkuqlkj QW'kupk izokggh cnyr jkgrks QW'ku gh ,d o ckS)hd fodklkph lk{k nsrkr- mnkgj.k Eg.kwu vkiY;k
dyk vlwu iz'kaluh; vkgs- ^brjkai{kk osxG* mtoa fnl.;klkBh gMIik eksgtksnMks ;sFkhy mR[kuu~ vftaBk os:G ;sFkhy ewR;kZ]
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Eg.ktsp diM;kaP;k QW'kUl gks;- O;DrheRokyk mBko ;kapk mYys[k djrk ;sby- Z
vk.k.;klkBh vkt QW’ku gh izR;sdkph o dkGkph xjt cuyh oSfnd dkGkiklwu rs cqf)"V dkGki;Zr diM;kaP;k
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izHkkokaps ifjorZu Eg.kts QW'ku-**2 Hkkjrke/;s O;kolkf;dkaP;k Lo#ikr inkiZ.k dsys vkf.k baxt z
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lkekftd] jktdh;] vkfFkZd o dykRed ?kVdkapk izHkko diM;kae/;s fofo/k o uoufou fM>kbZUlpk mi;ksx dsyk-
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mBko vk.k.;klkBh QW'kupk mi;ksx djrks- ;k vk/kqfud izHkko iMyk o ;kpk ifj.kke e/;eoxkZojgh gksou jkg.khekukoj
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fn[kkO;kP;k txkr loZp O;Drh Eg.ktsp ygkukaiklwu rs tkLr [kpZ dj.;kph izoRrh ok<hl ykxyh-
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EgkrkÚ;ki;Zr pkaxys fnl.;kpk iz;Ru djrkr-dkj.k ukfoU;kps
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lrr cny.kkÚ;k QW'kuyk dkj.khHkqr vkgs- nqlÚ;kauh vkiyh O;olk; Hkkjrh; ijaijkxr O;olk; cuyk- xka/khthP;k vkns'kkP;k
Lrwrh djkoh v'kh izR;sd O;Drhph bPNk vlrs- gh bPNk iw.kZ vk/kkjkoj ;k O;olk;k}kjs r;kj gks.kkjs [kknhps diMs loZ=
116 RESEARCH AN ALYSI S AND EVALU ATION

2. International Indexed & Referred Research Journal, April, 2012. ISSN- 0975-3486, RNI-RAJBIL 2009/30097;VoL.III *ISSUE-31
/kkj.k dj.;kph izoRrh ok<yh- baxtkaP;k laL—rhpk izHkko
` z gks.kkjh diM;kaph QW'ku [kwip yodj izpyhr gksr-s R;keqGs
iMY;keqGs gGwgGw [kknhpk izHkko deh >kyk o [kknh,soth vko';d vkgs dh] QW'kuP;k txkr gks.kkÚ;k cnykaph ekfgrh
lqrh] ikWyhLVj] VsjhdkWV] —f=erarus cuysys o vU; diMs
w m|kstdkauk o foØsR;kauk vlko;kl goh- ;kdfjrk lokZr
okij.;kph QW'ku vkyh- ;kp dkGkr Hkkjrkr r;kj diM;kaph lksih o izHkkoh lk/ku Eg.kts izlkjek/;es gks;- izkphu dkGh
ekx.kh ok<yh- fofo/k jaxlaxrh o vk/kqfudrk vkyh- ;kpk ekSf[kd ijaijs}kjs izcks/ku o euksjtu dsys tkr vls- i.k vkt
a
ifj.kke Eg.kwu 80 O;k n'kdkr QW'kupk izHkko vf/kdkf/kd uHkksok.kh] nwjfp=ok.kh ;kaP;k tksMhyk baVjusV] Qslcwd] fV~oVj
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a
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urajP;k n'kdkr cny gksow ykxyk- Hkkjrkrhy ok<R;k [kktxhdj.k] mnkjhdj.k] tkxfrdhdj.k v'kh izØh;k
czkMP;k ekx.kheqGs fons'kh daiU;kauh Hkkjrh; cktkjisB ;kae/;s
a vfLrRokr vkY;kus QW'ku txrkojgh R;kpk ifj.kke >kysyk
f'kjdko dsyk o ;sFkwup Hkkjrkr QW'ku txkr osxosxGs vlwu vkt QW'kups Lora= pWuy fuekZ.k >kys vkgs o ;kpk
cnyko ;sow ykxys- ;k cnykokizek.ks ijaijkxr thou tx.kkÚ;k ifj.kke r;kj diMs m|ksxkoj izd'kkZus gksrkuk fnlwu ;srks-
O;Drhlq)k QW'kupk [kqY;keukus fLodkj d# ykxY;k- cnyR;k diM;kaP;k QW'ku eksB;k 'kgjkrwu NksV;k xkokai;Zr ;sbZi;Zr
a a
ifjfLFkrha'kh lek;kstu dj.;kph izoRrh yksdkae/;s fuekZ.k
` nqljh QW'ku mn;kl ;sr-s ;kps dkj.k yksdkauk ,dkp izdkjP;k
gksÅ ykxyh- ;kizdkjs QW'ku udGr izR;sd O;DrhP;k thoukpk diM;kapk daVkGk ;srks- Eg.kwu mRiknd uouohu diM;kapk
egRoiw.kZ fgLlk cur xsyh- QW'ku jpukdkjkauh cnyrh 'kks/k ?ksr vlrks- tqU;k QW'kups diMs foØsrs ^lsy}kjk* deh
ifjfLFkrh] mi;ksfxrk o vkoM tk.kwu vkiyh dyk fVdowu fdaerhr fodrkr- v'kkizdkjs diM;kP;k [kjsnh foØhoj lq)k
Bso.;klkBh rlsp vkfFkZd {ks=kr fVdwu jkg.;klkBh diM;kae/;s QW'kupk ifj.kke gksr vlrks vls fnlwu ;sr-s
fofo/krk o LVkbZyh'ki.kk vk.k.;kpk dlks'khus iz;Ru dsyk QW'kueqGs gks.kkjk ifj.kke
o v'kkrÚgsus l|kfZLFkrhr Hkkjrh; QW'ku m|ksx mPpLrjkoj
Z oL«kks|ksxkoj QW'kueqGs gks.kk&;k ifj.kkekapk fopkj
iksgpysyk fnlwu ;srks- vkt lk/kh jkg.kh mPpfopkjlj.kh gh dsY;kl vls fnlwu ;srs dh QW'kueqGs r;kj diMs m|kstdkauk
yksdkaph ekufldrk cnyysyh vkgs- QW'ku gh fuan.kh; ulwu o foØsR;kauk cjkp Qk;nk gksrkauk fnlwu ;srks- QW'kuscy diMs
iz'kaluh; vkgs- vlk fopkj #< >kysyk vkgs- 1994 e/;s cufoY;keqGs xzkgdkauk vkdf'kZr d#u ;kaP;k diM;kaP;k
;k QW'kue/;s Økarhdkjd ifjorZu >kY;keqGs QW'kuP;k ukokoj foØhr o ykHkkr ok< gksr-s xzkgdkauk fuoMhps Lokra«; feGrs-
;k m|ksxkauh uQk deOkk;yk lq#okr dsyh- ;kauh yksdkaph Lor%P;k vkoMhfuoMhizek.ks diM;kaph [kjsnh djrk ;sr-s
ekufldrk vksG[kwu QW'kupk izpkj dj.;klkBh fp=iV eq[; Eg.kts QW'kueqGs uQk ok<rks- R;keqGs mRiknu ok<hyk
{ks=kr vkiys ik; jksoys o ;kpk ifj.kke yksdkaP;k ekufldrsoj izkRlkgu feGwu jkstxkjhP;k la/khr ok< gksr-s vls vlys rjh
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O;kid izek.kkr gksow ykxyk- cgqrd osGk QW'ku gh uV] uV;k]
s ;k QW'kueqGs dkgh rksVs izR;;kl ;srkauk fnlwu ;srkr rs Eg.kts
dykdkj] ekWMYl b- }kjk iznf'kZr dsyh tkrs-
s foØsrk dsoG vkiyh foØh tkLr d'kh gksby ákdMs y{kZ
cnyR;k dkGkizek.ks yksdkaP;k eukr QW'kulac/kh a dsnhr djhr vlY;kus diM;kaph xq.koRrk ?kljrkauk fnlwu
a z
tkx#drk fuekZ.k >kyh- m|kstdkauk dGwu pqdys dh vki.k ;sr-s rlsp ;k QW'kueqGs diM;kaP;k fdaerhP;k ckcrhr
r;kj diM;kr ukfoU; o fofo/krk vk.kyh ukgh rj vkfFkZd xzkgdkaP;k eukr 'kadk fuekZ.k gksowu R;kaph eksyHkko dj.;kph
{ks=krwu vkiys mPpkVu Ogk;yk osG ykx.kkj ukgh- Eg.kwu o`Rrh ok<hyk ykxysyh fnlwu ;sr-s
m|kstdkauh brj jkT;kae/kwu r;kj diMs cksyok;yk lq#okr fu"d"kZ %& cnyR;k diM;kapk QW'kuP;k ckcrhr m|kstdkus
dsyh- xzkgdkaP;k vis{kk d';k iw.kZ djrk ;srhy] ákn`"Vhus vfr'k; tkx#d o lrdZ jgk;yk gos-xzkjesVP;k izØh;kaps
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iz;Ru'khy >kysr- 1980 P;k e/;kiklwu QW'ku fM>k;fuaxus vk/kqfudhdj.k d#u m|kstdkauh la'kks/ku fodkl v/;;u]
r;kj diMs m|ksxkr inkiZ.k dsy-s m|kstd r;kj diMs izf'k{k.k o ekxZn'kZu ;krwu mRiknukr fofo/krk vk.kyh
QW'ku fM>k;ujdMwu r;kj djowu ?ksow ykxys o ;koj veki ikghts- vkf.k cnyR;k ekx.khuqlkj vkiY;k mRiknukr cny
iSlk [kpZ d# ykxys- R;keqGs r;kj diM;kr fofo/krk vkyh dj.;kph {kerk fodflr dsyh ikfgts-m|kstdkauh QW'kuscy
o vkt r;kj m|ksx izxrhyk iksgkspysyk fnlwu ;srks- diMs rj r;kj djkosp i.k R;kpcjkscj T;kaph QW'ku fn?kZdkG
QW'ku gs {ks= vls vkgs dh tsFks izR;sd {k.kk{k.kkyk uohu cny pky.kkjh vkgs vls diMsgh r;kj djkos- dkj.k v'kk r;kj
gksrks o rks Lohdkjykgh tkrks- txkr dks.kR;kgh fBdk.kh diM;kauk loZlkekU; yksdkaph ekx.kh tkLr vk<Grs-
1-oSjkxMs MkW- mToyk vkf.k vxzoky izk- vfUkrk] ^^oL«k’kkL«kkph ladYiuk o QW’ku 2-oSjkxMs MkW- mToyk vkf.k vxzoky izk- vfUork] ^^oL«k’kkL«kkph ladYiuk o QW’ku
fM>kbfuax** fo|k cqDl ifCyvlZ] twu 2009] iku Ø- 261- fM>kbfuax** fo|k cqDl ifCyvlZ] twu 2009] iku Ø- 263
3- lekt izcks/ku if=dk] fMlscj tkusokjh 2011-
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RESEARCH AN ALYSI S AND EVALU ATION
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