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Third Wave Feminism Research
For a moment, imagine the life of a typical middle class woman in the 21st century. She can vote,
own property, take her own name, and be head of a household. She has the power to join the army,
navy, police force, or become a firefighter. It would seem that the battle for women's equality has
basically been won, but radical feminism demands continual and massive changes even now as the
bulk of the war is over. Unfortunately, radical feminism not only wants a gender equal world,
economy, politics, and society, but it also demands biological, medical, and physical equality. Some
of which, can never be obtained. Especially from a Biblical perspective, the rights and roles some
women are striving to secure are wrong and unnatural. The feminist ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Today, there are many various names to the feminist movement, some being liberal, electoral,
academic, ecofeminists, and the radicals (Dorey–Stein,2015). Because of the different voices of
feminism today, the overall message has been muddled. Moreover, the 'fight today' mainly revolves
around the rights that the end of the second wave seemed to be striving for, which is reproductive
rights (Dorey–Stein, 2015). This deep rooted 'right' that a majority of feminists intend to expand
freedoms for, is clearly against the Christian value that life begins at conception. With the ruling of
Roe v. Wade in 1973 (Ushistory.org, 2016), the fire burning inside most feminists fighting for
abortion was just an ember that now burns wild. Aside from abortion, current feminism focuses less
on new laws, unlike the time women fought for the right to vote, and political standing, like the right
to own property, but more on personal identity and gender equality. The problem with this is that the
idea that men and woman should be fundamentally equal, which is impossible. Evidence of this
impossibility is clear in the Bible right in Genesis, God created Eve to compliment Adam not to be
the exact same. In conclusion, third wave feminism dearly holds goals for their movement that
succinctly go against the will of the
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
The Third Wave Of Feminism In The Early 20th Century
Feminism is still very much needed in this day in age. Although Feminism has come a long way
since being first introduced in the early 20th century, the movement faces new challenges. Women
have accomplished the goals they had set from the first wave of Feminism, including the right to
vote, the right to work, and the right to have custodial rights over their children. The second wave of
Feminism focus was for women to have sexuality and reproductive rights. Women gained their
reproductive rights in the Roe vs. Wade (1973). In Roe vs. Wade, women gained the right to have
abortions. The third wave of Feminism, which is continuing right now, focuses on universal
womanhood; how women are portrayed in society. Although women have accomplished some of the
goals they set in the Feminist waves, there ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the first wave on of the goals was to have the right to work. Women have the right to vote
however, in most work fields there is still a substantial wage gap between the genders. On average,
women earn 71% of men's wages. Women who are financial specialists make 66% of what men in
same occupation earn. Women who are lawyers and judges earn 82% of what men make in that
field. When it comes to hiring, men hold an advantage over women in some fields of work simply
because they are men. In the second wave, one of the focuses was sexuality. Sexuality is still an
issue today. Same sex marriage had just been recently recognized in the United States (June 26
2015). Although same sex marriage is permitted, the LGBT community is still heavily discriminated
against. Members of the LGBT community have harder times getting jobs and even being accepted
into society. The current feminism's wave, which focuses on how women are portrayed in the
media/society, has not been rectified. Women are constantly displayed in the media as sexual objects
to lure men. For example, in a
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Third Wave Feminism : First And Second Wave
Essay 2: Third Wave Feminism
First and second wave feminists succeeded in legal and social rights. In addition, they achieved the
right to vote, higher education, and the right to their own body. Although, third wave feminists
obtained these rights, they differentiated from focusing on laws and political processes like first and
second wave feminists did. Instead, third wave feminists strived for individualism and diversity.
Unlike labeling each other as feminists, the third wave departed from this idea and sought diversity.
Third wave became more open for women of all colors, religions, sexual preferences, and
ethnicities. The legal and social rights accomplished by the first and second wave gave some
advantages to third wave feminism, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Feminists in the third wave tackled: body, gender, stereotypes, sexuality, color, and the
empowerment of women. Third wave feminists criticized the first and second wave of feminism for
creating a static identity in politics and overall asserting to white privilege over its main goals.
Nevertheless, third wave feminists also criticized the previous waves for its political theories. First
wave feminism adopted the core values of liberal feminism. "Liberal feminism is feminism that
works within the structure of mainstream society to integrate women into that structure" (Kinds of
Feminism). This simply meant that feminists during the first wave did not want to change the
traditional society but to incorporate women and to improve society. As stated previously, first wave
wanted women to be incorporated into voting decisions, political and economically. Second wave
feminism adopted the theories of radical feminism. Radical feminism can be explained women who
believe society must change at the core, unlike the first wave. Radical feminism wanted to overrule
the male dominance and shun away from a patriarchal order. Although two distinctly different
political theories, third wave feminists rejected both. Liberal feminism, like the first wave, sought
only to include and improve society. Second wave feminism believed that society should change at
the core and shift away from patriarchal order.
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
The Third Wave Of Feminism
Feminism is an individual's dedication to a political, social, and economic movement for equality
(Haslanger 1). Globally, tons of women are still being denied the right to go to school and do not
have the privileges to other basic rights (Yousafzai 327). Women should be able to speak for
themselves and enjoy life to whatever extent that means to each lady (Nelson 2). Feminism is a
positive movement that fights for all women's rights, empowers other females, and raises awareness
about discrimination to adolescents. Six in ten and one–third of women call themselves feminists
("Poll" 1). Many of their ideals follow the lines that discrimination against women is sexism, just as
racism is a form of inequality. Women's liberation was very first recognized in the United States in
1964 (History 2). Throughout the past couple of decades, there have been three waves of the
feminist movement (GotQuestions 1). The first wave occurred between the 19th and early 20th
century. Women in that time period fought for their basic political rights. Throughout the 1960's to
the 1970's was the most popular wave still yet, the second. Feminists united to be granted greater
political rights as well as equality. Once many of women's wishes were fulfilled, the third wave of
feminism came booming into existence. From the 1990's to present day, individuals of this modern
motion aim to critique much of the second wave and focus on the identity of differences between
women and men. They also look for
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Judy: The Third Wave Of Feminism
Kerilyn Musnuff Much like everyone else, Judy, the new girl, was impacted by the 3rd wave of
feminism. When she started working at her job, she found the way the company ran to be very
unfair, as it was, she does not like the boss, and has even had visions while she was high of the
entire office going after Mr. Hart in a riot. Judy, Violet, and DoraLee impact the 3rd wave of
feminism, because in attempt for things to be more fair, they tied up their boss, Mr. Hart and started
changing things under his name to make things right with the company. Judy, during all of this was a
big help in being sure that Mr. Hart did not escape. She would have certain times when she was in
charge of feeding him and being sure he was not acting up. While he was
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Women Began Fighting For Their Rights
Women began fighting for their rights in the 19th century. The term "feminism" was coined,
meaning the fight for women to have social, political, and economic equal rights. Gloria Steinem
believes that feminism became a movement when individuals influenced others to fight for a change
in the society. She says, "Whenever one person stands up and says, "Wait a minute, this is wrong," it
helps other people do the same" (Weeks 2014). It is unclear what year the fourth–wave actually
began, but Baumgardner (2011) believes that it began in 2008. The fourth–wave movement allows
women to express themselves through the internet, which allows them to take advantage of freedom
of speech and spread awareness of gender biased behavior. However, some feminist do not believe
that this wave will be efficient because it is not as active and unified as the first three waves. First
Wave Before discussing the motives and impact of the fourth–wave, it is important to understand the
waves that preceded the online movement. The first wave focused more on middle class white
women in America. It began as a fight for equal rights, defined as "the same opportunity careers,
monetary compensation, political participation, public service" (197). It can be traced back to the
Seneca Falls Convention in 1848, lead by Elizabeth Stanton (Krolokke 2005). Stanton along with
Lucretia Mott, Martha Wright, and Mary McClintock presented the "Declaration of Sentiments," a
feminist point of view of the Declaration
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Third Wave Feminism Research
For a moment, imagine the life of a typical middle class woman in the 21st century. She can vote,
own property, take her own name, and be head of a household. She has the power to join the army,
navy, police force, or become a firefighter. It would seem that the battle for women's equality has
basically been won, but radical feminism demands continual and massive changes even now as the
bulk of the war is over. Unfortunately, radical feminism not only wants a gender equal world,
economy, politics, and society, but it also demands biological, medical, and physical equality. Some
of which, can never be obtained. Especially from a Biblical perspective, the rights and roles some
women are striving to secure are wrong and unnatural. The feminist ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Today, there are many various names to the feminist movement, some being liberal, electoral,
academic, ecofeminists, and the radicals (Dorey–Stein,2015). Because of the different voices of
feminism today, the overall message has been muddled. Moreover, the 'fight today' mainly revolves
around the rights that the end of the second wave seemed to be striving for, which is reproductive
rights (Dorey–Stein, 2015). This deep rooted 'right' that a majority of feminists intend to expand
freedoms for, is clearly against the Christian value that life begins at conception. With the ruling of
Roe v. Wade in 1973 (Ushistory.org, 2016), the fire burning inside most feminists fighting for
abortion was just an ember that now burns wild. Aside from abortion, current feminism focuses less
on new laws, unlike the time women fought for the right to vote, and political standing, like the right
to own property, but more on personal identity and gender equality. The problem with this is that the
idea that men and woman should be fundamentally equal, which is impossible. Evidence of this
impossibility is clear in the Bible right in Genesis, God created Eve to compliment Adam not to be
the exact same. In conclusion, third wave feminism dearly holds goals for their movement that
succinctly go against the will of the
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Feminism : Equality And Not Equality
One question, has feminism accomplished anything for you? If you are male then the answer will
always be no. This is because feminism is now about male discrimination and not equality. This is
because feminism preaches equality but practices misandry. Feminists have come up with this idea
of all men having "male privilege" which is completely false. There are three "waves" of feminism:
the "first wave" which focused on getting the votes for women (the suffragettes), "second wave"
feminism which helped get domestic rights for women and now, "third wave" feminism, which
focuses on senseless issues such as the supposed "wage gap" and women getting more abuse online
than men. Third wave feminism is damaging to men in general but it also divides the sexes apart. If
you really think feminism is the advocacy of women's rights on the grounds of equality then answer
this, what rights do men have that women don't in the UK?
But let's flip to the other side of the argument. Feminists have previously fought for votes for
women, helped pass rape laws, fought for "equal pay" and have also pushed for equal representation
of women in the media. Feminists also raised awareness towards the need for abortions to be legal.
Feminists often organise protest marches for women's rights. They also feel that women are
unevenly represented in the workplace due to strong sexism towards women. This is highlighted by
the so–called "glass ceiling".
There is also an argument against feminism. Third wave feminism is mean, evil and vindictive
towards men. It encourages division and discriminates against men at every opportunity. Feminists
treat men horribly and then, when those men say that they aren't feminists, they say but feminism is
about equality. This is my argument against feminism. Feminism has moved from equality to female
superiority. They have created a myth called the "patriarchy" which is the idea that ALL men think
that they are superior to women in every field. This is a fantasy.
One of the most commonly used feminist arguments is that women are paid 77p for every pound
that men make. This is a complete and utter lie. It's also not legal due to the 1970 Equal Pay act.
Politicians as high up as Theresa May repeat this, but
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
I Thought Of The Vagina
feminists adhered to in order to achieve the heightened sense of worth Finley was referring to.
Edelson has become a large influence upon my work as I have also previously role–played the
ancient goddesses and warrior women as you can see in Boudicca 2 (Figure 6), in order to question
why we have lost the respect as modern women that the goddesses and strong women from folk
tales of old wielded long ago. Carolee Schneemann also focuses on using her body as a spiritually
empowering tool, but in a less ritualistic way. Interior Scroll (Figure 7) for example expresses
Schneeman's femininity in such a way that she reiterates her gender whilst stating that her being has
a significant voice. She states on her webpage 'Interior Scroll 1975'; "I thought of the vagina in
many ways–– physically, conceptually: as a sculptural form, an architectural referent, the sources of
sacred knowledge, ecstasy, birth passage, transformation. I saw the vagina as a translucent chamber
of which the serpent was an outward model: enlivened by it 's passage from the visible to the
invisible, a spiraled coil ringed with the shape of desire and generative mysteries, attributes of both
female and male sexual power" (caroleeschneemann.com, Accessed 27/11/2014). There is
something about Schneemann's work that I can relate to because she has this perception of her
womanhood being the source of wisdom in a very spiritualised way. It also links with the ideas
portrayed in Courbet's The Origin of the World
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Feminism And The First, Second, Or Third Wave
When referring to the history of feminism in the manner of the first, second, or third wave, one is
undermining the experiences that were ongoing during, in middle of, and before those waves that
history defines. What ideologies of oppression were being spoken of to raise awareness and whose
experience was being excluded/diminished? The articulation of feminism in using the metaphor of
waves to describe how the ideologies peaked and rescinded, is incorrect because it focuses only on
the voices of those who were able to bring their problems to the surface and excludes those who had
a different experience or may have brought awareness in a quieter manner. There are many
feminisms and each interpretation is defined by the collective oppression, rather than looking at the
situation in an individual perception, which is what creates disagreements and division between
feminists. Many definitions of feminism, feminisms, exist simultaneously because it is evolving as
fast (or, well, as slow) as the world is changing and if one group of people are to speak of others
experience of oppression (or lack of) in place of them, the result can be the glossing over of
experiences and therefore, undermine experiences of others. The closest working definition
feminism holds states: feminism is a social and political movement that seeks equality of
opportunity for all people, regardless of gender; and when there is no equality of outcome, feminists
wonder why. However, not everyone is aware of
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Feminism : Equality And Not Equality
One question, has feminism accomplished anything for you? If you are male then the answer will
always be no. This is because feminism is now about male discrimination and not equality. This is
because feminism preaches equality but practices misandry. Feminists have come up with this idea
of all men having "male privilege" which is completely false. There are three "waves" of feminism:
the "first wave" which focused on getting the votes for women (the suffragettes), "second wave"
feminism which helped get domestic rights for women and now, "third wave" feminism, which
focuses on senseless issues such as the supposed "wage gap" and women getting more abuse online
than men. Third wave feminism is damaging to men in general but it also divides the sexes apart. If
you really think feminism is the advocacy of women's rights on the grounds of equality then answer
this, what rights do men have that women don't in the UK?
But let's flip to the other side of the argument. Feminists have previously fought for votes for
women, helped pass rape laws, fought for "equal pay" and have also pushed for equal representation
of women in the media. Feminists also raised awareness towards the need for abortions to be legal.
Feminists often organise protest marches for women's rights. They also feel that women are
unevenly represented in the workplace due to strong sexism towards women. This is highlighted by
the so–called "glass ceiling".
There is also an argument against feminism. Third wave feminism is mean, evil and vindictive
towards men. It encourages division and discriminates against men at every opportunity. Feminists
treat men horribly and then, when those men say that they aren't feminists, they say but feminism is
about equality. This is my argument against feminism. Feminism has moved from equality to female
superiority. They have created a myth called the "patriarchy" which is the idea that ALL men think
that they are superior to women in every field. This is a fantasy.
One of the most commonly used feminist arguments is that women are paid 77p for every pound
that men make. This is a complete and utter lie. It's also not legal due to the 1970 Equal Pay act.
Politicians as high up as Theresa May repeat this, but
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Example Of Third-Wave Feminism In Aguilera's Poem
Aguilera's song is a prime example of third–wave feminism because it focuses on the inequalities of
women as well as addresses issues about gender and sexuality. Not only does this song include
third–wave feminism, it also includes the radical feminist perspective because it reveals the double
standards we have in society today regarding what males and females can and cannot do. In "Can't
hold us down's" hook, third–wave feminism is seen with Aguilera's lyrics "This is for my girls all
around the world. Who've come across a man who don't respect your worth. Thinkin' all woman
should be seen not heard. So, what do we do girls? Shout louder. Lettin' 'em know we're gonna stand
our ground," (Genius, 2003). This hook demonstrates third–wave feminism because it encourages
all women who have been disrespected by men in all forms to speak up for themselves. Moreover,
Aguilera asserts that when men expect women "should be seen not heard" they must refuse to be
silenced in order to make a difference. The radical perspective element of this song addresses double
standards in society and encourages reciprocity. This element is portrayed in Lil' Kim's verse "Here's
something I just can't understand. If a guy have three girls than he's the man. He can even give her
some head, then sex her raw. If a girl do the same than she's a whore. But the tables 'bout to turn, I
bet my fame on it. Cats take my ideas and put they name on it. It's aiight though, you can't hold me
down. I got to keep on
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Sexism: Third-Wave Feminism
Sexism, that word has almost lost its meaning with the rise of third–wave feminism. However, this
in no way suggests that it doesn't exist. I don't identify as a feminist, however they do have a point
that sexism is a problem in 21st–century society. This issue isn't contained to one particular group,
I'm only focusing on the Reformed community because it's the community I'm a part of and heavily
identify with.
I will stay clear from generalizations because I don't want the first thing someone to say is "Well, I
don't do that." This isn't meant to apply to every single person, though there is an application that I
think everyone should think about.
When I go through Facebook and see phrases like "I allow my wife" or even "I allow my husband"
said in complete seriousness, I wonder where we are in terms of gender equality in Christianity. A
common emotional tactic is to treat your spouse like a child and you as a parent and I think this type
of language personifies that. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I'm not interested in naming names, but there are even instances that are even more blatant than
what I described. Like the time a popular reformed figure told my female friend to go make a
sandwich when he was called out for dishonesty.
Like Adam we men are playing the blame game on women for our own insecurities. Sliding into
your sister in Christ's DM's like an unbeliever asking for nudes or to go on a road trip when they
don't even know you, what are you
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Friedan And The Feminine Mystique By Betty Friedan
Feminism is the fight for equality between the sexes. It can be dated back to the mid–19th century
with women like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. The first wave feminist procured
the right to vote for American women. The following second and third waves built upon what the
founding feminists created. The second wave of feminism was set off by the disenchantment women
across America were experiencing. This disenchantment was caused by the nuclear family and the
roles that the women in the 1950s were thrust into. The second wave is said to have lasted from the
1960s–1980s. Sometime after the 1980s, most likely the early to mid–1990s, third wave feminists
began to rear their heads. The third wave built upon the advancements made ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964. After the creation of the National Organization for
Women (NOW), an executive order was issued by LBJ to include sex in affirmative action. And in
1973 Roe V. Wade occurred, this case made first trimester abortions legal. All of these events show
that the second wave of feminism raged war on many institutions. What began as a crusade to make
women aware turned into a massive revolution. The third wave of feminism began sometime in the
1990s. This was when the Riot Grrrl was taking over Washington state. And a woman named Anita
Hill was waging a battle against her sexual assaulter, Clarence Thomas a Supreme Court nominee,
in court. The court ruled in favor of Thomas. These events worked as a catalyst for the third wave.
The third wave focused on ensuring that the accomplishments made by the second wave were not
taken for granted. The women involved in the third wave viewed race, transgender rights, sexual
liberation, and social class as their central issues. Third–wave feminist wanted each and every
woman to have a say when it came to their body. They rebelled against the attempted passage of
North Dakota's complete ban on abortion and the United States Supreme Courts efforts to uphold
the partial–birth ban. The third wave was also viewed as more open. Their concentration shifted to
being an activist group that was more openminded to how women could dress and act. Their view
was that the more they tried to control the
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Comparing Second And Third Wave Feminism
Second and Third Wave Feminism: A Comparison Feminism is defined as the push for women's
rights on the grounds of political, social, and economic equality to men. It is broken up into three
waves; the first occurring in the nineteenth and early twentieth century, the second being the 60's to
the late 80's, and finally the third which began in the 90's and is currently where we are at today.
Many significant advancements since the first wave of feminism, and many changes were made to
the feminism movement throughout the years. When comparing the second and third waves of
feminism, issues such as equal pay for equal work, maintaining a job and still being able to have a
family, or not having a family if you don't feel like it, are all common topics within the feminist
movement. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The main issues at hand included sexuality, workplace, family, and reproductive rights. Common
misconceptions of this wave include the idea that this time [was thought of] as offensive, outdated
and obsessed with the middle class white women's problems. When in fact this was not the case,
many of the women involved with feminism were also a part of the Black Civil Rights Movement,
Anti Vietnam Movement, Chicano Rights Movement, Gay and Lesbian Movement and many more
that were all fighting for the same result; equality. The reasoning behind why feminism seemed
more popular when compared to other movements was because many women felt that their voices
were not being heard and felt that in order to gain respect in co–ed organizations they first needed to
address gender equality concerns. Second Wave feminism's main ideas and movements include,
securing the right to have an abortion, getting daycare, putting women in positions of political
power, breaking the stigma around rape and sexual abuse, using birth control, and much
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Third Waves Of Feminism
Feminism can be used to describe a cultural , political , or economic movement to establish legal
protection and equal rights for women. Historians believe that the roots of feminism started in
ancient Greece or during the medieval times, but we most recognize it from the movements
throughout the 18th to 20th century. Feminism has evolved a lot since then and now are being told
in three different waves. The third wave is the one we are currently living in today and should be
told through the eyes of all people treated unfairly.
The first wave of feminism started in the 18th century to early 19th century, when women realized
they must have the right to vote just like men. The goal of this wave was to open up opportunity for
women. Women advocates like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and well educated white women's came
together in Seneca Falls, New York and created a movement called the Women's Suffrage; also
known as a feminist movement. Where all women came together for political rights, the women felt
that first they must gain some level of political power to develop an equal status in society. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The second wave feminism begun right after world war two, many women that were amongst this
wave had already been involved in the past civil rights movements. However, this wave of feminism
was largely criticized because it mainly focused on the middle class white women concerns instead
of all racial groups. Black feminist then came out and spoke up for what they believed in, they felt
being a black women was harder than being a white women. Surprisingly, both white and african
american feminist came together and built a an effective working relationship to together promote
women equality for the
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Feminism And The First, Second, Or Third Wave
When referring to the history of feminism in the manner of the first, second, or third wave, one is
undermining the experiences that were ongoing during, in middle of, and before those waves that
history defines. What ideologies of oppression were being spoken of to raise awareness and whose
experience was being excluded/diminished? The articulation of feminism in using the metaphor of
waves to describe how the ideologies peaked and rescinded, is incorrect because it focuses only on
the voices of those who were able to bring their problems to the surface and excludes those who had
a different experience or may have brought awareness in a quieter manner. There are many
feminisms and each interpretation is defined by the collective oppression, rather than looking at the
situation in an individual perception, which is what creates disagreements and division between
feminists. Many definitions of feminism, feminisms, exist simultaneously because it is evolving as
fast (or, well, as slow) as the world is changing and if one group of people are to speak of others
experience of oppression (or lack of) in place of them, the result can be the glossing over of
experiences and therefore, undermine experiences of others. The closest working definition
feminism holds states: feminism is a social and political movement that seeks equality of
opportunity for all people, regardless of gender; and when there is no equality of outcome, feminists
wonder why. However, not everyone is aware of
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Feminist Movements By Dorothy Sue Cobble, Linda Gordon,...
Feminist movements have transcended generations while evolving as women's role within and
perspective of society change. These movements ranged from women wanting to simply being
viewed as equal to men in the eyes of employers to women who wanted to completely disassociate
themselves from men. On top of covering a wide range of desires they crossed generational lines as
well as race, class, professional, and ethnic lines. Some of these movements were integrated while
others were exclusively for one group of women. There is no clear cut event or day when women
began pushing for equality but it began around the beginning of the 20th century when women
pushed for the right to vote which culminated with Congress passing the Nineteenth Amendment in
1919 giving women the right to vote. Feminism Unfinished by Dorothy Sue Cobble, Linda Gordon,
and Astrid Henry picks up the history of feminist movements following the creation of the
Nineteenth Amendment. The book highlights many of the different movements that have occurred
from the 1920s until present day, it was published in 2014 so it discusses some of the latest
movements. The authors use the term "feminisms" as opposed to feminism since they want to
emphasize the fact that there were, are, and will continue to be many different approaches to
improve the quality of life for women in the United States. Despite the fact that there were many
different approaches to solving the issues or improving their situation it is all
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Feminism And Three Waves In Pride And Prejudice By Jane...
The roots of feminism can be traced back to the ancient Greece, or the medieval world. However, it
is not until the late 19th century, the feminist movement is categorized and become identifiable into
specific waves. This paper focuses on modern feminism and three waves that follows. Female
characters will also be assigned to each wave in order to have a better understanding of feminism.
To add, this paper also focuses on the women from Britain as this essay uses Pride and Prejudice
and Bridget Jones's Diary as textual reference. This essay argues that even though women's role in
the 20th century and their identities have changed from the women in the 19th century, i.e. their
social and economic status as well as political rights, the contemporary ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In particular, needing a man is a common theme between the two. However the difference is the
reasons for needing a man. In Pride and Prejudice, as stated above, they need a man in order to have
a secure future as that was the only good way to live during that time. In contrast, Bridget Jones
needs a man because she is afraid that she will be a spinster and therefore feel alienated from the
happy couples that surrounds her. Thus her obsession with finding the right man. Yet, it is important
to note that the women's circumstances are vastly different in the way of socially, economically and
politically, Bridget is definitely in an upgraded circumstance. In spite of this, there are still
similarities in which contemporary women still struggle with regency's gender issues. After all,
Bridget Jones's Diary shared a common theme with Pride and Prejudice, and both texts are still
relevant in the 21st
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Women Began Fighting For Their Rights
Women began fighting for their rights in the 19th century. The term "feminism" was coined,
meaning the fight for women to have social, political, and economic equal rights. Gloria Steinem
believes that feminism became a movement when individuals influenced others to fight for a change
in the society. She says, "Whenever one person stands up and says, "Wait a minute, this is wrong," it
helps other people do the same" (Weeks 2014). It is unclear what year the fourth–wave actually
began, but Baumgardner (2011) believes that it began in 2008. The fourth–wave movement allows
women to express themselves through the internet, which allows them to take advantage of freedom
of speech and spread awareness of gender biased behavior. However, some feminist do not believe
that this wave will be efficient because it is not as active and unified as the first three waves. First
Wave Before discussing the motives and impact of the fourth–wave, it is important to understand the
waves that preceded the online movement. The first wave focused more on middle class white
women in America. It began as a fight for equal rights, defined as "the same opportunity careers,
monetary compensation, political participation, public service" (197). It can be traced back to the
Seneca Falls Convention in 1848, lead by Elizabeth Stanton (Krolokke 2005). Stanton along with
Lucretia Mott, Martha Wright, and Mary McClintock presented the "Declaration of Sentiments," a
feminist point of view of the Declaration
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Third Wave Feminism In The United States
By definition, feminism is the ideology that women have the right to be perceived as equal to men in
terms of politics, business, and economically. For the last couple of decades, feminism has helped
shape our society and the way men perceive women. Because of feminism, women in the United
States of America were allowed to vote by August of 1920. Women now have the right to do so
many things that would have been considered a taboo back in the early 20th century. Women can
own their own businesses, and they can also become more politically involved, such an example
would be Margaret Thatcher, ex–prime minister of the United Kingdom. Feminism has gone through
many stages throughout the years, these stages have been named "waves", and they include first
wave feminism, second wave feminism, third wave feminism, and the most recent coined term:
fourth wave feminism. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the east, women are perceived as narcissistic and lazy. This essay relies on both history and social
anthropology: History is relevant to this essay because it helps develop historical skills. It also
encourages the engagement of multiple perspectives, which helps to understand the importance of
historical issues. Furthermore, the question also develops an understanding and interest in the past.
Social and Cultural anthropology is also crucial for this essay because it explores the principles and
characteristics of society and culture. It develops an awareness of historical and social context
within social and cultural anthropology. It also helps recognize the assumptions of society and
culture. The waves that will be discussed are second wave feminism, which occurred from the 1960s
to 1970s and fourth wave feminism, which began in 2006 and is still going on to this
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Feminism Vs Third Wave Feminism
Throughout history all kinds of women across the globe have been viewed as objects and in some
instances viewed as less human and men are viewed as the dominant subject. We are all part of
creating the social difference between men and women weather we know it or not. Sexism is what
promotes male privilege and refers to hierarchically ordered gender stereotyping and it can be seen
everywhere. Each day more and more are expressing enculturation, which is the gradual acquisition
of the characteristics and norms of a culture or group by a person. We can see this though the
arrogant eye, which is all the different ways men exploit women in a male dominated culture.
Standpoint theory is a feminist theoretical perspective that argues that knowledge stems from social
position. Third wave feminism is a feminist group that focuses on the issues of race, racism, and the
experiences of the nonwhite women in today's culture. In our culture today we see cultural racism so
often that we may not even pick up on it because it is some common. I've personally seen this and I
remember one day in the mall I was walking around and noticed that almost every ad had no person
of color on them, I was stunned, out of the hundreds of ads on the walls the only ones that did were
footlocker and other athletic stores, that is a perfect example of cultural racism. Another thing i've
noticed when driving back home is that racial advantage is absolutely real, racial advantage is one
race having better
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Feminist And Celebrity Entrepreneur, Amber Rose Essay
On 3 October 2015, feminist and celebrity entrepreneur, Amber Rose, hosted the Amber Rose
SlutWalk in Los Angeles. The event was highly successful in its "cause against sexual injustice,
victim blaming, derogatory labelling, and gender inequality" with activism not only taking place in
the streets of Los Angeles but through extensive online projects to push the movement throughout
the online sphere (Amber Rose SlutWalk 2015). Respectively, Johnston and Longhurst (2009, 159–
160) emphasise that "sexed bodies are constructed through different social and cultural
entanglements and through different spaces and places" and that the internet acts as an important
source of material on sex and sexuality, reflecting and reinforcing social trends and conversations
that are happening in 'real' space. Johnston and Longhurst's (2009) notions of sexed bodies and
spaces, theoretical ideas surrounding third–wave feminism and postfeminism, as well as arguments
encompassing the contemporary SlutWalk movement itself, allow for a detailed analysis of the role
of the internet in modern activism and, in particular, in the recent Amber Rose SlutWalk. Ultimately,
the Amber Rose SlutWalk illustrates how online space can be used in challenging the complex
power relations that surround sexuality and in furthering the inclusion of diverse sexual bodies.
The SlutWalk movement began on 24 January 2011, when Police Officer Michael Sanguinetti gave
a routine safety talk at York University in Toronto
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Feminist And Celebrity Entrepreneur, Amber Rose Essay
On 3 October 2015, feminist and celebrity entrepreneur, Amber Rose, hosted the Amber Rose
SlutWalk in Los Angeles. The event was highly successful in its "cause against sexual injustice,
victim blaming, derogatory labelling, and gender inequality" with activism not only taking place in
the streets of Los Angeles but through extensive online projects to push the movement throughout
the online sphere (Amber Rose SlutWalk 2015). Respectively, Johnston and Longhurst (2009, 159–
160) emphasise that "sexed bodies are constructed through different social and cultural
entanglements and through different spaces and places" and that the internet acts as an important
source of material on sex and sexuality, reflecting and reinforcing social trends and conversations
that are happening in 'real' space. Johnston and Longhurst's (2009) notions of sexed bodies and
spaces, theoretical ideas surrounding third–wave feminism and postfeminism, as well as arguments
encompassing the contemporary SlutWalk movement itself, allow for a detailed analysis of the role
of the internet in modern activism and, in particular, in the recent Amber Rose SlutWalk. Ultimately,
the Amber Rose SlutWalk illustrates how online space can be used in challenging the complex
power relations that surround sexuality and in furthering the inclusion of diverse sexual bodies.
The SlutWalk movement began on 24 January 2011, when Police Officer Michael Sanguinetti gave
a routine safety talk at York University in Toronto
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10 Things I Hate about You and The Taming of the Shrew
The film "10 Things I Hate About You" is based loosely on William Shakespeare's 15th century play
"The Taming of the Shrew". The misogynistic play tells the story of how Petrucio essentially
torments his headstrong wife, Katharina (also called "Katherine" and "Kate") until she "becomes a
compliant and obedient bride" (wikipedia). The story simultaneously follows the story of many
suitors competing for the love of Katharina's sister, Bianca (Wikipedia). The film adaptation, "10
Things I Hate About You", is a more progressive twist on the original storyline, which takes place in
a "contemporary American high school" (Hateley 2). The characters in the film have similar names
to the characters in the play; Petrucio becomes "Patrick", Katharina becomes "Kat", and Bianca's
name remains the same. The plot in "10 Things I Hate About You" is similar in that both Kat and
Bianca are viewed as prizes to be won; Bianca is only permitted to date if her older sister does, as
mandated by their father. To overcome this barrier, Joey, the villain of the film, pays Patrick to date
Kat so that he may be allowed to date Bianca. At the same time, Cameron, the more innocent, naïve
character after Bianca's heart, works with Patrick to help him win over Kat so that he too may have a
chance at dating the ingénue Bianca (10 Things). While the overlapping tones of misogyny and
domination of women are apparent in both pieces, "10 Things I Hate About You" draws attention to
these blatant hegemonic themes
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Example Of Third-Wave Feminism In Aguilera's Poem
Aguilera's song is a prime example of third–wave feminism because it focuses on the inequalities of
women as well as addresses issues about gender and sexuality. Not only does this song include
third–wave feminism, it also includes the radical feminist perspective because it reveals the double
standards we have in society today regarding what males and females can and cannot do. In "Can't
hold us down's" hook, third–wave feminism is seen with Aguilera's lyrics "This is for my girls all
around the world. Who've come across a man who don't respect your worth. Thinkin' all woman
should be seen not heard. So, what do we do girls? Shout louder. Lettin' 'em know we're gonna stand
our ground," (Genius, 2003). This hook demonstrates third–wave feminism because it encourages
all women who have been disrespected by men in all forms to speak up for themselves. Moreover,
Aguilera asserts that when men expect women "should be seen not heard" they must refuse to be
silenced in order to make a difference. The radical perspective element of this song addresses double
standards in society and encourages reciprocity. This element is portrayed in Lil' Kim's verse "Here's
something I just can't understand. If a guy have three girls than he's the man. He can even give her
some head, then sex her raw. If a girl do the same than she's a whore. But the tables 'bout to turn, I
bet my fame on it. Cats take my ideas and put they name on it. It's aiight though, you can't hold me
down. I got to keep on
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Becoming The Third Wave Feminism
Literature Review
Beyoncé Knowles, multi–platinum Grammy award winning artist first made her debut as lead
vocalist of award winning R&B group Destiny's Child in the late 90's. The group went through
several breakups and makeups with different members in the group until they were able to establish
perfect harmony with lasting members Beyoncé Knowles, Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams.
The group went on to make Billboard 100 charts with number 1 songs like "Bug a Boo" & "Bills,
bills, bills". In 2002 Michelle Williams went to produce her first gospel album, Kelly Rowland
produced her own R&B album and Beyoncé Knowles hit the big screen playing opposite of Mike
Meyers in the Austin Powers film, Goldmember. The group got back together and produced ... Show
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Or if wearing a low–cut shirt helps you win an argument, so be it."12 The sexual freedom celebrated
by third–wavers goes beyond heteronormative depictions of sexuality, creating a space for the
LGBT community within feminist circles. The third wave's refusal to adhere to strict categories has
opened the door for gender bending and the inclusion of transsexuals and transgendered
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The Third Wave Feminism
There are three waves of feminism. The first wave (1830's–early 1900's) emphasized on legal issues
and gaining political power including the right to vote to bring gender equality. The second wave
(1960's–1980's) stressed on broadening the discussions to a wider range. They focused on the work
place, sexuality, family, reproductive rights, domestic violence and marital rape issues. The third
wave (1900's–present) expands the topic of feminism to include women with varied identities and a
response to the failures of movements by second wave feminism. Rebecca Walker coined the term
'third–wave feminism' in an essay Becoming the Third Wave (1992). In the introduction to idea of
third–wave feminism in Manifesta authors Jennifer Baumgardner and Amy Richards suggest that
feminism can change with every generation and individual. Feminists have long criticised the
institution of marriage. They stated that marriage leads to oppression of women and their rights
curtailed. The gender inequality is judged from the fact that mostly women take up domestic and
caring work and they get paid less than men for outside work. Traditionally, all men give speech and
the women surrender her name to take her husband's name. As a high profile couple, Jean–Paul
Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir always expressed opposition to marriage. Brian Sawyer in his post
published in November 2003 wrote 'Marriage, understood existentially, proposes to join two free
selves into one heading, thus denying the
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Feminism And The Second Wave
Unlike the First and the Second waves the Third wave does not have a starting point or a particular
moment. The period from early 1990's to present is often defined as the Third wave. This wave is
considered as the "backlash" of the movements and achievements made in the second wave. Many
issues like Webster decision in 1989, that made a way to create abortion laws and Planned
Parenthood Association of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey made a law that women should get
counseling before abortion led to the lesser chances of availability of abortion. Since then, even the
education in abortion was also seemed to gradually decrease. By 1990, there had been bombings on
the abortion clinics. Also in 1976 , Snuff, a porographic film pushed women to form a Women
against Violence in Pornograohy and Media as they realized that pornography degrades women of
her standards and ultimately leads to rape and violence. Many feminists believed that pornography
violates women's rights. Media played a major role in reflecting the views of women to be called
feminists. This wave particularly focuses on intersectionality. Women of color also expressed their
thoughts of being divided on the basis of color and what it means to them to be a feminist. Some of
the papers like " This Bridge Called My Back, took birth which portraits the concerns of women of
color and third world women and are also significant to those involved in the third wave. Many
feminist writers like Bell Hooks, Audre
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Third Waves Of Feminism
Feminism can be used to describe a cultural , political , or economic movement to establish legal
protection and equal rights for women. Historians believe that the roots of feminism started in
ancient Greece or during the medieval times, but we most recognize it from the movements
throughout the 18th to 20th century. Feminism has evolved a lot since then and now are being told
in three different waves. The third wave is the one we are currently living in today and should be
told through the eyes of all people treated unfairly.
The first wave of feminism started in the 18th century to early 19th century, when women realized
they must have the right to vote just like men. The goal of this wave was to open up opportunity for
women. Women advocates like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and well educated white women's came
together in Seneca Falls, New York and created a movement called the Women's Suffrage; also
known as a feminist movement. Where all women came together for political rights, the women felt
that first they must gain some level of political power to develop an equal status in society. ... Show
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The second wave feminism begun right after world war two, many women that were amongst this
wave had already been involved in the past civil rights movements. However, this wave of feminism
was largely criticized because it mainly focused on the middle class white women concerns instead
of all racial groups. Black feminist then came out and spoke up for what they believed in, they felt
being a black women was harder than being a white women. Surprisingly, both white and african
american feminist came together and built a an effective working relationship to together promote
women equality for the
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Film Review : Pretty Woman
In this essay I will aim to discuss and evaluate the film 'Pretty Woman' and how this film relates to
feminist theories. Ways in which female and male characters are represented differently. It presents
the relationship of a man and woman as one which is patriarchal and a very outdated.
Feminism is the belief that all women should be allowed to portray the same rights and power as
men do. The film Pretty Woman is a classical modern day story where the unfortunate girl meets a
man who then turns her into this beautiful rich girl. The movie however portrays many aspects of
which are similar to the third–wave feminists. In the movie Julia Roberts plays Vivian Ward who is
a prostitute struggling to make ends. Vivian is bought for a week by a rich man, Edward Lewis.
Unfamiliarly Edward pays Vivian for everything but the norm of a prostitute, sex. Third Wave
feminism briefly ignores the political aspects of feminism and rather focuses on the personal identity
of the individual. Third wave feminism allows women to show themselves by mixing their own
identities with their values and beliefs about what feminism means to them and what I could
potentially become in the future. Vivian's role is shown to be a portrait of a third wave feminist.
As third wave feminism is an encouragement of equality and empowerment of women it has been
stated that this is the more recent and looked into feminist approach that looks into the inequalities
and unjust of the social network. The third wave
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Feminism And The Second Wave
Unlike the First and the Second waves the Third wave does not have a starting point or a particular
moment. The period from early 1990's to present is often defined as the Third wave. This wave is
considered as the "backlash" of the movements and achievements made in the second wave. Many
issues like Webster decision in 1989, that made a way to create abortion laws and Planned
Parenthood Association of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey made a law that women should get
counseling before abortion led to the lesser chances of availability of abortion. Since then, even the
education in abortion was also seemed to gradually decrease. By 1990, there had been bombings on
the abortion clinics. Also in 1976 , Snuff, a porographic film pushed women to form a Women
against Violence in Pornograohy and Media as they realized that pornography degrades women of
her standards and ultimately leads to rape and violence. Many feminists believed that pornography
violates women's rights. Media played a major role in reflecting the views of women to be called
feminists. This wave particularly focuses on intersectionality. Women of color also expressed their
thoughts of being divided on the basis of color and what it means to them to be a feminist. Some of
the papers like " This Bridge Called My Back, took birth which portraits the concerns of women of
color and third world women and are also significant to those involved in the third wave. Many
feminist writers like Bell Hooks, Audre
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
The Third Wave Of Feminism In The Early 20th Century
Feminism is still very much needed in this day in age. Although Feminism has come a long way
since being first introduced in the early 20th century, the movement faces new challenges. Women
have accomplished the goals they had set from the first wave of Feminism, including the right to
vote, the right to work, and the right to have custodial rights over their children. The second wave of
Feminism focus was for women to have sexuality and reproductive rights. Women gained their
reproductive rights in the Roe vs. Wade (1973). In Roe vs. Wade, women gained the right to have
abortions. The third wave of Feminism, which is continuing right now, focuses on universal
womanhood; how women are portrayed in society. Although women have accomplished some of the
goals they set in the Feminist waves, there ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the first wave on of the goals was to have the right to work. Women have the right to vote
however, in most work fields there is still a substantial wage gap between the genders. On average,
women earn 71% of men's wages. Women who are financial specialists make 66% of what men in
same occupation earn. Women who are lawyers and judges earn 82% of what men make in that
field. When it comes to hiring, men hold an advantage over women in some fields of work simply
because they are men. In the second wave, one of the focuses was sexuality. Sexuality is still an
issue today. Same sex marriage had just been recently recognized in the United States (June 26
2015). Although same sex marriage is permitted, the LGBT community is still heavily discriminated
against. Members of the LGBT community have harder times getting jobs and even being accepted
into society. The current feminism's wave, which focuses on how women are portrayed in the
media/society, has not been rectified. Women are constantly displayed in the media as sexual objects
to lure men. For example, in a
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Third-Wave Feminism
Prior to Loobeek's paper, I did not know that there were three different forms or 'waves' of
feminism, I thought it was one category. Now that I understand the three waves, I can more easily
delineate between them. I remember learning in history class about Susan B. Anthony, a women's
rights advocate; her actions would be considered first–wave feminism. I remember talking about
women's right to get an abortion; which would be considered part of second–wave feminism. I also
remember topics on the fight for lesbians to become welcome in society; which would be considered
an important part of third–wave feminism. I think that it is in a way horrifying that Katniss is the
head of her household and that she shows dominance over her mother. The reason
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Second And Third Wave Feminism
Throughout the twentieth century feminist movements changed the first world dramatically, but
during the second half the twentieth century the views and goals of what women wanted in life
changed from simply asking for fair pay and equal rights to jobs to wanting their lifestyle changed.
The impact of the second and third wave of feminists held a positive sphere around the fact that
women had a bigger voice in politics and economics, but socially feminism was almost purely
negative. Feminist groups, mostly in the late second wave and the entirety of the third wave,
consisted almost entirely of misandrists.
The feminist movements of the second half of the twentieth century made great leaps for women in
politics as well as the level of education women were receiving. ... Show more content on
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Male suicide rate, bias towards men in family courts, domestic violence against men, men who are
victims of rape and depression in men are all rising percentages because of second and third wave
feminism. Second wave feminism and the radical groups surrounding it such as the Women's
Liberation Group have given women a voice, but the late second and the entirety of the third wave
have created a social imbalance between the genders resulting in a cataclysmic rise in negative male
statistics.
Overall the feminist movements of the second and third wave have made a good positive difference
for both women and the global society as whole, however the radical groups of the second wave and
the third wave overall have created a negative sphere around the mistreatment of the genders, and as
a result men have become the more discriminated gender. The changes in politics and the new wave
of political feminism which tackles the idea of equality between men and women is where the
feminist movement stride towards and stops the silence of male
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Feminism Is Defined As "The Theory Of Political, Economic,
Feminism is defined as "the theory of political, economic, and social equality of the sexes."
(Definition of Feminism) and also as the "organized activity on behalf of women 's rights and
interests." (Definition of Feminism). If one would look in–depth into Feminism they would see that
there are three waves of Feminism. Now not all types or waves of feminism is wrong, but third
wave, or the most recent, should not be supported, because they often tell myths that are just not true
or usually use a fact then twist and manipulate what it really means. The first wave of feminism was
a period of feminist activity and thought that occurred in the 19th century and early 20th century.
First wave feminism focused on legal issues such as gaining ... Show more content on
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Women in countries that have an established structure of Sharia Law are almost never seen being
supported by third wave feminists. "In 2000, two Punjabi sisters, 20 and 21 years old, had their
throats slit by their brother and cousin because the girls were seen talking to two boys to whom they
were not related." (Hymowitz) Third wave feminists were nowhere when this incident came through
the media and exploded on the internet. So if these third wave or modern feminist really care where
were they during this event? They did not have any march for fundraiser so to speak to give out
support for the family.
Next, third wave feminist fight for social and economic equality. They argue that women will get
paid less than a man and that men are more likely to get a job than a woman. Modern feminists also
argue that there is a "rape culture" that is embodied in universities across the US. When in theory
this is not true. Modern feminists say that for every one dollar a male makes a woman will only
make 77 cents. This is used to combat and say women need equal pay when in reality they already
have it. Statistically speaking, the women workforce is greater in low income jobs then men. So
therefore, men would automatically make more if you would take the averages. Next is another
reason the wage gape is a complete and utter myth. Women on average
will work less hours than a man on a fulltime job. So if you would
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Feminism Vs Third Wave Feminism
Throughout history all kinds of women across the globe have been viewed as objects and in some
instances viewed as less human and men are viewed as the dominant subject. We are all part of
creating the social difference between men and women weather we know it or not. Sexism is what
promotes male privilege and refers to hierarchically ordered gender stereotyping and it can be seen
everywhere. Each day more and more are expressing enculturation, which is the gradual acquisition
of the characteristics and norms of a culture or group by a person. We can see this though the
arrogant eye, which is all the different ways men exploit women in a male dominated culture.
Standpoint theory is a feminist theoretical perspective that argues that knowledge stems from social
position. Third wave feminism is a feminist group that focuses on the issues of race, racism, and the
experiences of the nonwhite women in today's culture. In our culture today we see cultural racism so
often that we may not even pick up on it because it is some common. I've personally seen this and I
remember one day in the mall I was walking around and noticed that almost every ad had no person
of color on them, I was stunned, out of the hundreds of ads on the walls the only ones that did were
footlocker and other athletic stores, that is a perfect example of cultural racism. Another thing i've
noticed when driving back home is that racial advantage is absolutely real, racial advantage is one
race having better
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Feminist Movements By Dorothy Sue Cobble, Linda Gordon,...
Feminist movements have transcended generations while evolving as women's role within and
perspective of society change. These movements ranged from women wanting to simply being
viewed as equal to men in the eyes of employers to women who wanted to completely disassociate
themselves from men. On top of covering a wide range of desires they crossed generational lines as
well as race, class, professional, and ethnic lines. Some of these movements were integrated while
others were exclusively for one group of women. There is no clear cut event or day when women
began pushing for equality but it began around the beginning of the 20th century when women
pushed for the right to vote which culminated with Congress passing the Nineteenth Amendment in
1919 giving women the right to vote. Feminism Unfinished by Dorothy Sue Cobble, Linda Gordon,
and Astrid Henry picks up the history of feminist movements following the creation of the
Nineteenth Amendment. The book highlights many of the different movements that have occurred
from the 1920s until present day, it was published in 2014 so it discusses some of the latest
movements. The authors use the term "feminisms" as opposed to feminism since they want to
emphasize the fact that there were, are, and will continue to be many different approaches to
improve the quality of life for women in the United States. Despite the fact that there were many
different approaches to solving the issues or improving their situation it is all
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The Second Wave Of Women 's Rights Movement Essay
Introduction
The women's rights movement vast and know as one of the most notable movements. Furthermore it
is split into three waves to present the difference in time and show how much it has evolved. The
first wave was in the mid 19th century to early 20th century. They focused on women's suffrage,
their right to work, education rights, etc. The second wave was in the 60s; this is when they
addressed broader perspectives. To include birth control, abortion, rape, pornography, etc. The third
wave began in the 1990s and was a response to the second wave, as they only focused on struggles
that whites middle class women faced. The third wave extended it to include race, class, gender
identity, ability, etc. where focus is less on the political process but rather about individual identities.
Which leads to the statement I will address through the essay; Would the third wave women's rights
movement in western countries, achieve what it sets out do, namely; extended feminism to include
race, sexuality, class, ability, etc. and work towards dismantling the system that oppress some and
privilege others, without the participation of collective action to build stronger, more inclusive
society. Furthermore, I will attempt to answer the following questions; how does the Third Wave
Women's Rights Movement differ from the first and second? Does media play a role in the success
of the third wave women's rights movement? And lastly, should we implement Feminist Theory with
our
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Feminism And The Third Wave Of Feminism
As the feminist revolution has advanced so has the definition of feminism. In 2017 feminism means
something completely different than what it did in the days of women 's suffrage. No longer is
feminism working on allowing women just to vote. It focuses on intersectionality, gender norms,
women 's reproductive rights, and so much more. We are in the third wave of feminism. In 2017
most millennials identify with third wave feminism or a variant of the movement and strive to
abolish gender roles, patriarchy, and fight for women 's rights and equality. Our distinct personal
experiences and social location effect what issues we care most about, whether they be racial
equality or the Healthcare Reform.
In my interview with my partner, Andrea I ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Andrea has experienced gender inequality the most in their place of work, which is the male
dominated field of civil engineering and in academia.
Women and female bodied individuals in America have had issues with inequality in school and
their place of work for centuries. While in school young girls are taught that they are not as special
as their male peers and experience many limitations. In Judith Lorber 's "The Social Construction of
Gender" (1991) we learn how the differences among girls and boys are what society uses to shape
gender roles. Young girls learn that their education is not as important as a man 's they learn that
their roles as mothers and looking attractive is more important even if they grow up to have the
same positions as men. The differences that women and men face are a part of the process in which
gender is socially constructed. Lorber states, "As a process, gender creates the social differences that
define "woman" and "man". In social interaction throughout their lives, individuals learn what is
expected, act and react in expected ways...." (Lorber, Kirk & Okazawa–Rey, 1991, p.67).
Lorber also states, "Societies vary in the extent of inequality in the social status of their women and
men members, but where there is inequality, the status "woman" (and its attendant behavior and the
role allocations) is usually held in lesser esteem than the status "man" (Lorber, Kirk & Okazawa–
Rey, 1991, p.67). Andrea 's experiences
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How Popular Fiction Reflects Debates About Gender and...
For the last few decades it is argued to what extent popular fiction reflects such things as social
changes in our society and topical debates. In this paper I will discuss to what extent popular fiction
reflects debates about gender and sexuality. Moreover, I will look at the difference between
postfeminism and third–wave feminism, afterwards I will more closely look at Candace Bushnell's
book Sex and the City (1996) and relate the book's ideas about woman and woman's sexuality to
postfeminism and third–wave feminism ideas. I will also look at cyber–feminism in relation to
another chick lit – Helen Fielding's book Bridget Jones's Diary (1996).
In my opinion, popular fiction reflects almost everything what happens in the contemporary ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To my mind, Bushnell's book is and definitely were empowering for women. It encourages women
to be in charge of their own lives. It has been argued that for great number of women Bushnell's
heroines are a role model how to live their lives, how to treat themselves and also men.
Firstly, one of the ideas that is in Sex and the City and comes from third–wave feminism is that
feminists can wear lip–stick, high–heals, and low cut necklines and feel like women, but not sexual
objects. Pinkfloor (2005: p.20) emphasises: "It's possible to have a push–up bra and a brain at the
same time." To my mind, it is an important point to make, because one can still be a feminist and at
the same time be comfortable with their sexuality. What is more, it is an outstanding theme
throughout the Bushnell's book also. Bushnell's heroines are confident women in all spheres of their
lives, and about their sexuality as much about work or relationships. They can go to the sex club for
new experiences (Sex and the City: p.10–16) or dance topless on the bar (Sex and the City: p.88–
95). At the same time they have successful and respectable careers – a columnist, English journalist,
movie producer, cable executive, banker and there are mentioned many more. The book also carries
a strong message of female competition, which is characteristic of postfeminism.
What is more, searching
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Judy: The Third Wave Of Feminism
Kerilyn Musnuff Much like everyone else, Judy, the new girl, was impacted by the 3rd wave of
feminism. When she started working at her job, she found the way the company ran to be very
unfair, as it was, she does not like the boss, and has even had visions while she was high of the
entire office going after Mr. Hart in a riot. Judy, Violet, and DoraLee impact the 3rd wave of
feminism, because in attempt for things to be more fair, they tied up their boss, Mr. Hart and started
changing things under his name to make things right with the company. Judy, during all of this was a
big help in being sure that Mr. Hart did not escape. She would have certain times when she was in
charge of feeding him and being sure he was not acting up. While he was
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
The Third Wave Of Feminism
Feminism is an individual's dedication to a political, social, and economic movement for equality
(Haslanger 1). Globally, tons of women are still being denied the right to go to school and do not
have the privileges to other basic rights (Yousafzai 327). Women should be able to speak for
themselves and enjoy life to whatever extent that means to each lady (Nelson 2). Feminism is a
positive movement that fights for all women's rights, empowers other females, and raises awareness
about discrimination to adolescents. Six in ten and one–third of women call themselves feminists
("Poll" 1). Many of their ideals follow the lines that discrimination against women is sexism, just as
racism is a form of inequality. Women's liberation was very first recognized in the United States in
1964 (History 2). Throughout the past couple of decades, there have been three waves of the
feminist movement (GotQuestions 1). The first wave occurred between the 19th and early 20th
century. Women in that time period fought for their basic political rights. Throughout the 1960's to
the 1970's was the most popular wave still yet, the second. Feminists united to be granted greater
political rights as well as equality. Once many of women's wishes were fulfilled, the third wave of
feminism came booming into existence. From the 1990's to present day, individuals of this modern
motion aim to critique much of the second wave and focus on the identity of differences between
women and men. They also look for
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Essay about The Issues Facing the Third Wave Feminism...
As Third Wave feminism is currently unfolding before us, and its aims encompass a wide array of
complex issues, it is often hard to describe what Third Wave feminism is. The feminist theories,
mainly associated with First and Second Wave feminism attempt to describe the power imbalances
that are found in society, and while doing so expose other oppressions, such as discrimination based
on race or sexual orientation. As this essay attempts to place a clear definition to Third Wave
feminism, feminists are concurrently trying to deconstruct old definitions and open it up for women
to determine what feminism means to them. In other words, no clear definition on what is meant to
be a feminist is sufficient, as the Third Wave is about ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It can be said that the waves are placed on a continuum, each successive wave building on the ideals
as well as the discontent of the prior wave.
The Third Wave was also seen as originating from the 1990's post–feminist movement. The goals of
the First movement were met, such as voting and property rights, as well as the Second Wave's goals
of equality in the workplace and reproductive rights. Thus, the goals of feminists were seemingly
accomplished, and the movement was considered dead.(Page 64) This caused an increase in activity
from people who still felt that there were injustices that needed to be surfaced, in regards to the
interconnectivity of race, class, and sexuality with feminism. The feminist movement isn't dead yet,
but where its goals and aims will lead it into the future is unknown.
Technology and Media
An important aspect of Third Wave feminism, differentiating itself from the First and Second
movements is the incorporation of media and technology to their platform. Many of the same goals
have been carved from the prior movements, including the equality of women in the workplace, and
the elimination of violence and poverty, but have been placed in a new light with the use of
technology.
Being used on two different levels, technology is facilitating rapid
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Second Wave Of Feminism
Feminism is the fight for equality among the sexes. It can be dated back to the mid–19th century
with women like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. The first wave feminist procured
the right to vote for American women. The following second and third waves built upon what the
founding feminists created. The second wave of feminism was set off by the disenchantment women
across America were experiencing. This disenchantment was caused by the nuclear family, and the
roles that the women in the 1950s were thrust into. The second wave is said to have lasted from the
1960s–1980s. Sometime after the 1980s, most likely the early to mid–1990s, third wave feminists
began to rear their heads. The third wave build on the advancements made by the first and second
waves. There has been controversy regarding the thought that the third wave is actually just an
extension of the second. This paper will explore the second and third waves of feminism as well as
their relationship between themselves. The second wave of feminism is said to have been born in
1963 with the publication of the Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan. Friedan's ground breaking
novel took an introspective look into the life of a woman in the 1950s. It questioned all of the roles
that women were expected to portray. The 1950s woman was supposed to be a wife first, a mother
second, and a somewhere much further down the list. Friedan made this women question if they
were really okay with living in the margins. The second wave took what the first wave had done and
ran with it. They were fighting for equality among sexes, reproductive rights for women, women's
role in the work place, and domestic violence, and they established the crisis surrounding rape in
America. There were many key events that occurred during the second wave of feminism. In 1960
the Pill was approved by the FDA. In 1961, President John F. Kennedy established the President's
Commission on the Status of Women. He appointed Eleanor Roosevelt the chair of the commission.
JFK also signed into law the Equal Pay Act of 1963. Then, in1964 Lyndon B. Johnson signed the
Civil Rights Act of 1964. After the creation of the National Organization for Women (NOW), an
executive order was issued by
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Mary Wollstonecraft Third Wave Feminism
Feminism can be described as a collection of ideologies that share the same aim; the belief that all
people, regardless of gender, are entitled to the same rights and should be treated as equals. Women
have been fighting for equal rights and expressing their feelings and concerns about discrimination
since as early as the 18th Century, when the European Enlightenment developed the idea of 'natural
rights' and Mary Wollstonecraft published her 1792 novel, 'A Vindication of the Rights of Women'.
Mary Wollstonecraft is often thought of as the first feminist philosopher and this novel is one of the
first to be called 'feminist'.
Over time, there have been surges in feminist activities and times in history when feminists have
pushed for their rights more than before. These periods of time are known as 'waves'. The term
"wave" is used to identify specific phases and peaks of feminist movement was coined in the 1970s
to differentiate between Second Wave feminist trends and the women's rights struggles of the 19th
century.
The first wave of feminism began in the late 19th and early 20th century and the main focus and
concern among feminists at the time was that of suffrage. Women wanted more opportunities and
freedom of expression so in 1848, three hundred men and women rallied for equality at the Seneca
Falls Convention ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Third wave feminists are more open to ideas about diversity and change and to them, difference is
vitally important. A key point made by two leading third wave feminists states that "even as
different strains of feminism and activism sometimes directly contradict each other, they are all part
of our third–wave lives, our thinking, and our praxes: we are products of all the contradictory
definitions of and differences within feminism, beasts of such a hybrid kind that perhaps we need a
different name altogether" (Heywood & Drake, 1997, p.
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Third Wave Of By Lara Karaian And Allyson Mitchell
For my final argument note, I chose Chapter 3 "Third–Wave Feminisms" by Lara Karaian and
Allyson Mitchell, and Chapter 7, "Violence Against Women", which was written by Lisa Rosenberg
and Ann Duffy. "Third–wave feminism" is a term I had no knowledge of prior to this course and I
chose it to learn what it means and how it affects society. Violence against women sadly seems to be
in the news every day and remains important and relevant to myself and all women.
SUMMARY
Third wave feminists are somewhat different from first and second wave feminists, who were quite
rigid in their beliefs about feminism and often alienated women who did not conform to their ideas.
One major change is some third wavers enjoy dressing up with makeup and revealing clothing.
Karaian & Mitchell (2010) state that The third wave says it is perfectly okay to wear high heels,
lipstick and show off your body, if you choose to. This is in opposition to the second wave feminists
who believed doing this would be bowing down to oppression. Feminists of today are less interested
in rules and more focused on their own identities. These third wave feminists are now women of
color, women with disabilities, obese women and trans women and they are complicating the idea of
what femininity is They are pushing the envelope with what we perceive as the feminine body. In
addition, Karaian & Mitchell report there is a This speaks to being more inclusive and open to a
broader scope of "women". As mentioned
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Feminism Is Defined As "The Theory Of Political, Economic,
Feminism is defined as "the theory of political, economic, and social equality of the sexes."
(Definition of Feminism) and also as the "organized activity on behalf of women 's rights and
interests." (Definition of Feminism). If one would look in–depth into Feminism they would see that
there are three waves of Feminism. Now not all types or waves of feminism is wrong, but third
wave, or the most recent, should not be supported, because they often tell myths that are just not true
or usually use a fact then twist and manipulate what it really means. The first wave of feminism was
a period of feminist activity and thought that occurred in the 19th century and early 20th century.
First wave feminism focused on legal issues such as gaining ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Women in countries that have an established structure of Sharia Law are almost never seen being
supported by third wave feminists. "In 2000, two Punjabi sisters, 20 and 21 years old, had their
throats slit by their brother and cousin because the girls were seen talking to two boys to whom they
were not related." (Hymowitz) Third wave feminists were nowhere when this incident came through
the media and exploded on the internet. So if these third wave or modern feminist really care where
were they during this event? They did not have any march for fundraiser so to speak to give out
support for the family.
Next, third wave feminist fight for social and economic equality. They argue that women will get
paid less than a man and that men are more likely to get a job than a woman. Modern feminists also
argue that there is a "rape culture" that is embodied in universities across the US. When in theory
this is not true. Modern feminists say that for every one dollar a male makes a woman will only
make 77 cents. This is used to combat and say women need equal pay when in reality they already
have it. Statistically speaking, the women workforce is greater in low income jobs then men. So
therefore, men would automatically make more if you would take the averages. Next is another
reason the wage gape is a complete and utter myth. Women on average
will work less hours than a man on a fulltime job. So if you would
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Third Wave Feminism In North America
Madison Jones
Mr. Bergmann
Honors English P–6
October 10, 2016
Third Wave Feminism
Have you ever seen a slut walk? I mean women walk around naked saying that they are not asking
for attention. Feminism originated in New York, 1848. "The first wave of feminism in the United
States began with the Seneca Falls Convention, the first women's rights convention, held at the
Wesleyan Chapel in Seneca Falls, New York, on July 19 and 20, 1848." (Encyclopedia of Women
and Religion in North America:) Third Wave Feminism started in the mid–90's. ("Four Waves of
Feminism.") More women hate third wave feminism than men. Third Wave Feminism claims that
North America is a rape culture, that women are always right, and that all men are the same. We
have no need for Third Wave Feminism. Although people may claim that we need Third Wave
Feminism in the United States there are many reasons to prove that we indeed do not need this
cancer in our country. "Feminism is Cancer" – Milo Yiannopoulos. Rape Culture is a term that was
coined by feminists in the United States in the 1970's. It was designed to show the ways in which
society blamed victims of sexual assault and normalized male sexual violence. ("What is Rape
Culture?") " We're told that 1 in 5 women will be raped, this isn't true. I'm not sure why this truth
should be difficult ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Sept. 2016.
"Four Waves of Feminism." Pacific University. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Sept. 2016.
@MattWalshBlog. "Rape Culture Doesn't Exist And There Is No Rape Epidemic." The Blaze. N.p.,
2014. Web. 30 Sept. 2016.
"The Definition of Misandry." Dictionary.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Oct. 2016.
WAVAW.ca. "What Is Rape Culture?" WAVAW Women Against Violence Against Women. N.p., n.d.
Web. 30 Sept. 2016.
Woods, Tom. "Home." Tom Woods. N.p., 2016. Web. 15 Sept.
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Feminist Theory Of Feminism
Introduction
How can we effect change in the world when only half of it is invited to feel welcome to participate
in the conversation ( Watson, 2014). In the feminist perspective, which is an extension of feminism,
there is support of equality for both women and men. Feminism is a belief that women and men
have equal rights and opportunities. There are many different branches in the feminist perspective,
one of the most interesting one is intersectional feminism. Intersectional feminism believes that
experiences of class, gender, and race can not be adequately understood unless we understand that
women of different races have different experiences.
Women of color are told everyday how they have to fit in with the beauty norms that ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
This period was concurrent with the anti–war and civil rights movements. Still persistent issues that
existed from the first wave carried on to the second wave. These issues regarded sexuality and
reproductive rights (2005).
The third wave of feminism started in the mid–1990's and is referred to as a response to the
perceived failures of the second wave. In the third wave we saw a new type of feminist. The new
feminist rejected that the notion of lipstick, high heels and exposed low cut necklines, identified
with male oppression. (Feminist and Intersectionality, 2017). The third wave of feminism also was
the first to emphasize that feminism was more specific to the rights of white women, rather than
women on minorities.
Intersectional feminism is often times called black feminism. It was coined as a movement by
Kimberlé
Crenshaw. The creation of this type of feminism was concurrent with the Civil Rights Movement.
Crenshaw believed that the intersectionality experience of black women was far more powerful than
the sum of their race and sex. She believed that observations that do not take intersectionality, fail to
accurately address how black women are subordinate (DeFrancisco & Palczewski, 2007).
Intersectional feminism argues that gender, race and class are intersecting oppressions ( Jones e.t al,
quoting Crenshaw, 2013). Intersectional feminism allows us to understand that while some women
are subject to sexism, some women are greater affected because
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Third Wave Feminism Essay
Third–Wave Feminism
Feminism can have a different meaning depending on who you are and what time of history you are
speaking of. Most people think of the second–wave of feminism in the 20th century when women
fought for their rights for equality not just in the workplace but also their right to vote. The
movement for gender equality was originally viewed as a great effort by women for women. Today
feminism is a subtitle of equality. Giving us the new definition of feminism called third–wave
feminism or gender equality. Modern feminism means equality for men and women whereas, a
century ago, feminism meant that women should have the same rights as men. People are all given
the same human rights, yet men and women battle for equality. Genders struggle against each other
and also with each other for equality. Women strive for equality in the workplace, and to be heard
without being labeled as bossy or aggressive. Women fight in our country to be equal in a position in
politics. Some men hide behind society's norms of what a man should be. Society norms say men
should not show their feelings, or in any way have feminine traits or roles. Men feel they need to be
aggressive instead of submissive. Some feel if they are not portrayed the "manly type" they are
looked at as weak and/or not in control. Feminism is found to be viewed as man–hating, when in
fact it is the belief that men and women have the same rights. In his 1869 book, The Subjection of
Women, John Stuart gives
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Mary Wollstonecraft Third Wave Feminism
Feminism can be described as a collection of ideologies that share the same aim; the belief that all
people, regardless of gender, are entitled to the same rights and should be treated as equals. Women
have been fighting for equal rights and expressing their feelings and concerns about discrimination
since as early as the 18th Century, when the European Enlightenment developed the idea of 'natural
rights' and Mary Wollstonecraft published her 1792 novel, 'A Vindication of the Rights of Women'.
Mary Wollstonecraft is often thought of as the first feminist philosopher and this novel is one of the
first to be called 'feminist'.
Over time, there have been surges in feminist activities and times in history when feminists have
pushed for their rights more than before. These periods of time are known as 'waves'. The term
"wave" is used to identify specific phases and peaks of feminist movement was coined in the 1970s
to differentiate between Second Wave feminist trends and the women's rights struggles of the 19th
century.
The first wave of feminism began in the late 19th and early 20th century and the main focus and
concern among feminists at the time was that of suffrage. Women wanted more opportunities and
freedom of expression so in 1848, three hundred men and women rallied for equality at the Seneca
Falls Convention ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Third wave feminists are more open to ideas about diversity and change and to them, difference is
vitally important. A key point made by two leading third wave feminists states that "even as
different strains of feminism and activism sometimes directly contradict each other, they are all part
of our third–wave lives, our thinking, and our praxes: we are products of all the contradictory
definitions of and differences within feminism, beasts of such a hybrid kind that perhaps we need a
different name altogether" (Heywood & Drake, 1997, p.
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
The Second Wave Of Women 's Rights Movement Essay
Introduction
The women's rights movement vast and know as one of the most notable movements. Furthermore it
is split into three waves to present the difference in time and show how much it has evolved. The
first wave was in the mid 19th century to early 20th century. They focused on women's suffrage,
their right to work, education rights, etc. The second wave was in the 60s; this is when they
addressed broader perspectives. To include birth control, abortion, rape, pornography, etc. The third
wave began in the 1990s and was a response to the second wave, as they only focused on struggles
that whites middle class women faced. The third wave extended it to include race, class, gender
identity, ability, etc. where focus is less on the political process but rather about individual identities.
Which leads to the statement I will address through the essay; Would the third wave women's rights
movement in western countries, achieve what it sets out do, namely; extended feminism to include
race, sexuality, class, ability, etc. and work towards dismantling the system that oppress some and
privilege others, without the participation of collective action to build stronger, more inclusive
society. Furthermore, I will attempt to answer the following questions; how does the Third Wave
Women's Rights Movement differ from the first and second? Does media play a role in the success
of the third wave women's rights movement? And lastly, should we implement Feminist Theory with
our
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Second And Third Wave Feminism
Throughout the twentieth century feminist movements changed the first world dramatically, but
during the second half the twentieth century the views and goals of what women wanted in life
changed from simply asking for fair pay and equal rights to jobs to wanting their lifestyle changed.
The impact of the second and third wave of feminists held a positive sphere around the fact that
women had a bigger voice in politics and economics, but socially feminism was almost purely
negative. Feminist groups, mostly in the late second wave and the entirety of the third wave,
consisted almost entirely of misandrists.
The feminist movements of the second half of the twentieth century made great leaps for women in
politics as well as the level of education women were receiving. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Male suicide rate, bias towards men in family courts, domestic violence against men, men who are
victims of rape and depression in men are all rising percentages because of second and third wave
feminism. Second wave feminism and the radical groups surrounding it such as the Women's
Liberation Group have given women a voice, but the late second and the entirety of the third wave
have created a social imbalance between the genders resulting in a cataclysmic rise in negative male
statistics.
Overall the feminist movements of the second and third wave have made a good positive difference
for both women and the global society as whole, however the radical groups of the second wave and
the third wave overall have created a negative sphere around the mistreatment of the genders, and as
a result men have become the more discriminated gender. The changes in politics and the new wave
of political feminism which tackles the idea of equality between men and women is where the
feminist movement stride towards and stops the silence of male
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
She´s Beautiful When She's Angry: Film Analysis
She's beautiful when She's Angry tells the story of the women's movement from 1966–1973. This
documentary tells a story through the use of footage, photographs and interviews from the women
who helped shape second wave feminism. There were a few key players during that time, such as
Kate Millett, Susan Brownmiller, Frances Beal, and Betty Friedan. Throughout She's Beautiful
when She's Angry these women discuss issues that were problematic during this time period, most
of which still are today. A few examples are child care, rape, birth control, and the right to not get
married and start a family. This historical overview of this time period reminds us that feminists
continue to fight for many of the same rights, fifty years later. It would be a little worrying if She's
Beautiful when She's Angry only focused on the white middle class feminists. Thankfully, this sort
of 'one size fits all' feminism was not the sole focus of this movie. While the whitewashed face of
second wave feminism are mentioned, the film also introduces problems that emerged within the
feminist movement. There was quite a bit of negative radicalism in this time period, such as racism,
classism, and homophobia. Thankfully, She's Beautiful when She's Angry does not try to ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While some issues are not given the amount of attention needed, others are given no time at all.
Also, the movies less than positive relationship with transgender women is unfortunately absent.
Even though the film is not as intersectional as it should be, it is still a fairly accurate portrayal of
the Women's Liberation Movement. This documentary is great for anyone who is new to
intersectional feminism, as well as the history of the Women's Liberation Movement. However,
there is further research needed if one wants a full understanding of either
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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Third Wave Feminism Research

  • 1. Third Wave Feminism Research For a moment, imagine the life of a typical middle class woman in the 21st century. She can vote, own property, take her own name, and be head of a household. She has the power to join the army, navy, police force, or become a firefighter. It would seem that the battle for women's equality has basically been won, but radical feminism demands continual and massive changes even now as the bulk of the war is over. Unfortunately, radical feminism not only wants a gender equal world, economy, politics, and society, but it also demands biological, medical, and physical equality. Some of which, can never be obtained. Especially from a Biblical perspective, the rights and roles some women are striving to secure are wrong and unnatural. The feminist ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Today, there are many various names to the feminist movement, some being liberal, electoral, academic, ecofeminists, and the radicals (Dorey–Stein,2015). Because of the different voices of feminism today, the overall message has been muddled. Moreover, the 'fight today' mainly revolves around the rights that the end of the second wave seemed to be striving for, which is reproductive rights (Dorey–Stein, 2015). This deep rooted 'right' that a majority of feminists intend to expand freedoms for, is clearly against the Christian value that life begins at conception. With the ruling of Roe v. Wade in 1973 (Ushistory.org, 2016), the fire burning inside most feminists fighting for abortion was just an ember that now burns wild. Aside from abortion, current feminism focuses less on new laws, unlike the time women fought for the right to vote, and political standing, like the right to own property, but more on personal identity and gender equality. The problem with this is that the idea that men and woman should be fundamentally equal, which is impossible. Evidence of this impossibility is clear in the Bible right in Genesis, God created Eve to compliment Adam not to be the exact same. In conclusion, third wave feminism dearly holds goals for their movement that succinctly go against the will of the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 2.
  • 3. The Third Wave Of Feminism In The Early 20th Century Feminism is still very much needed in this day in age. Although Feminism has come a long way since being first introduced in the early 20th century, the movement faces new challenges. Women have accomplished the goals they had set from the first wave of Feminism, including the right to vote, the right to work, and the right to have custodial rights over their children. The second wave of Feminism focus was for women to have sexuality and reproductive rights. Women gained their reproductive rights in the Roe vs. Wade (1973). In Roe vs. Wade, women gained the right to have abortions. The third wave of Feminism, which is continuing right now, focuses on universal womanhood; how women are portrayed in society. Although women have accomplished some of the goals they set in the Feminist waves, there ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... In the first wave on of the goals was to have the right to work. Women have the right to vote however, in most work fields there is still a substantial wage gap between the genders. On average, women earn 71% of men's wages. Women who are financial specialists make 66% of what men in same occupation earn. Women who are lawyers and judges earn 82% of what men make in that field. When it comes to hiring, men hold an advantage over women in some fields of work simply because they are men. In the second wave, one of the focuses was sexuality. Sexuality is still an issue today. Same sex marriage had just been recently recognized in the United States (June 26 2015). Although same sex marriage is permitted, the LGBT community is still heavily discriminated against. Members of the LGBT community have harder times getting jobs and even being accepted into society. The current feminism's wave, which focuses on how women are portrayed in the media/society, has not been rectified. Women are constantly displayed in the media as sexual objects to lure men. For example, in a ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 4.
  • 5. Third Wave Feminism : First And Second Wave Essay 2: Third Wave Feminism First and second wave feminists succeeded in legal and social rights. In addition, they achieved the right to vote, higher education, and the right to their own body. Although, third wave feminists obtained these rights, they differentiated from focusing on laws and political processes like first and second wave feminists did. Instead, third wave feminists strived for individualism and diversity. Unlike labeling each other as feminists, the third wave departed from this idea and sought diversity. Third wave became more open for women of all colors, religions, sexual preferences, and ethnicities. The legal and social rights accomplished by the first and second wave gave some advantages to third wave feminism, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Feminists in the third wave tackled: body, gender, stereotypes, sexuality, color, and the empowerment of women. Third wave feminists criticized the first and second wave of feminism for creating a static identity in politics and overall asserting to white privilege over its main goals. Nevertheless, third wave feminists also criticized the previous waves for its political theories. First wave feminism adopted the core values of liberal feminism. "Liberal feminism is feminism that works within the structure of mainstream society to integrate women into that structure" (Kinds of Feminism). This simply meant that feminists during the first wave did not want to change the traditional society but to incorporate women and to improve society. As stated previously, first wave wanted women to be incorporated into voting decisions, political and economically. Second wave feminism adopted the theories of radical feminism. Radical feminism can be explained women who believe society must change at the core, unlike the first wave. Radical feminism wanted to overrule the male dominance and shun away from a patriarchal order. Although two distinctly different political theories, third wave feminists rejected both. Liberal feminism, like the first wave, sought only to include and improve society. Second wave feminism believed that society should change at the core and shift away from patriarchal order. ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 6.
  • 7. The Third Wave Of Feminism Feminism is an individual's dedication to a political, social, and economic movement for equality (Haslanger 1). Globally, tons of women are still being denied the right to go to school and do not have the privileges to other basic rights (Yousafzai 327). Women should be able to speak for themselves and enjoy life to whatever extent that means to each lady (Nelson 2). Feminism is a positive movement that fights for all women's rights, empowers other females, and raises awareness about discrimination to adolescents. Six in ten and one–third of women call themselves feminists ("Poll" 1). Many of their ideals follow the lines that discrimination against women is sexism, just as racism is a form of inequality. Women's liberation was very first recognized in the United States in 1964 (History 2). Throughout the past couple of decades, there have been three waves of the feminist movement (GotQuestions 1). The first wave occurred between the 19th and early 20th century. Women in that time period fought for their basic political rights. Throughout the 1960's to the 1970's was the most popular wave still yet, the second. Feminists united to be granted greater political rights as well as equality. Once many of women's wishes were fulfilled, the third wave of feminism came booming into existence. From the 1990's to present day, individuals of this modern motion aim to critique much of the second wave and focus on the identity of differences between women and men. They also look for ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 8.
  • 9. Judy: The Third Wave Of Feminism Kerilyn Musnuff Much like everyone else, Judy, the new girl, was impacted by the 3rd wave of feminism. When she started working at her job, she found the way the company ran to be very unfair, as it was, she does not like the boss, and has even had visions while she was high of the entire office going after Mr. Hart in a riot. Judy, Violet, and DoraLee impact the 3rd wave of feminism, because in attempt for things to be more fair, they tied up their boss, Mr. Hart and started changing things under his name to make things right with the company. Judy, during all of this was a big help in being sure that Mr. Hart did not escape. She would have certain times when she was in charge of feeding him and being sure he was not acting up. While he was ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 10.
  • 11. Women Began Fighting For Their Rights Women began fighting for their rights in the 19th century. The term "feminism" was coined, meaning the fight for women to have social, political, and economic equal rights. Gloria Steinem believes that feminism became a movement when individuals influenced others to fight for a change in the society. She says, "Whenever one person stands up and says, "Wait a minute, this is wrong," it helps other people do the same" (Weeks 2014). It is unclear what year the fourth–wave actually began, but Baumgardner (2011) believes that it began in 2008. The fourth–wave movement allows women to express themselves through the internet, which allows them to take advantage of freedom of speech and spread awareness of gender biased behavior. However, some feminist do not believe that this wave will be efficient because it is not as active and unified as the first three waves. First Wave Before discussing the motives and impact of the fourth–wave, it is important to understand the waves that preceded the online movement. The first wave focused more on middle class white women in America. It began as a fight for equal rights, defined as "the same opportunity careers, monetary compensation, political participation, public service" (197). It can be traced back to the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848, lead by Elizabeth Stanton (Krolokke 2005). Stanton along with Lucretia Mott, Martha Wright, and Mary McClintock presented the "Declaration of Sentiments," a feminist point of view of the Declaration ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 12.
  • 13. Third Wave Feminism Research For a moment, imagine the life of a typical middle class woman in the 21st century. She can vote, own property, take her own name, and be head of a household. She has the power to join the army, navy, police force, or become a firefighter. It would seem that the battle for women's equality has basically been won, but radical feminism demands continual and massive changes even now as the bulk of the war is over. Unfortunately, radical feminism not only wants a gender equal world, economy, politics, and society, but it also demands biological, medical, and physical equality. Some of which, can never be obtained. Especially from a Biblical perspective, the rights and roles some women are striving to secure are wrong and unnatural. The feminist ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Today, there are many various names to the feminist movement, some being liberal, electoral, academic, ecofeminists, and the radicals (Dorey–Stein,2015). Because of the different voices of feminism today, the overall message has been muddled. Moreover, the 'fight today' mainly revolves around the rights that the end of the second wave seemed to be striving for, which is reproductive rights (Dorey–Stein, 2015). This deep rooted 'right' that a majority of feminists intend to expand freedoms for, is clearly against the Christian value that life begins at conception. With the ruling of Roe v. Wade in 1973 (Ushistory.org, 2016), the fire burning inside most feminists fighting for abortion was just an ember that now burns wild. Aside from abortion, current feminism focuses less on new laws, unlike the time women fought for the right to vote, and political standing, like the right to own property, but more on personal identity and gender equality. The problem with this is that the idea that men and woman should be fundamentally equal, which is impossible. Evidence of this impossibility is clear in the Bible right in Genesis, God created Eve to compliment Adam not to be the exact same. In conclusion, third wave feminism dearly holds goals for their movement that succinctly go against the will of the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 14.
  • 15. Feminism : Equality And Not Equality One question, has feminism accomplished anything for you? If you are male then the answer will always be no. This is because feminism is now about male discrimination and not equality. This is because feminism preaches equality but practices misandry. Feminists have come up with this idea of all men having "male privilege" which is completely false. There are three "waves" of feminism: the "first wave" which focused on getting the votes for women (the suffragettes), "second wave" feminism which helped get domestic rights for women and now, "third wave" feminism, which focuses on senseless issues such as the supposed "wage gap" and women getting more abuse online than men. Third wave feminism is damaging to men in general but it also divides the sexes apart. If you really think feminism is the advocacy of women's rights on the grounds of equality then answer this, what rights do men have that women don't in the UK? But let's flip to the other side of the argument. Feminists have previously fought for votes for women, helped pass rape laws, fought for "equal pay" and have also pushed for equal representation of women in the media. Feminists also raised awareness towards the need for abortions to be legal. Feminists often organise protest marches for women's rights. They also feel that women are unevenly represented in the workplace due to strong sexism towards women. This is highlighted by the so–called "glass ceiling". There is also an argument against feminism. Third wave feminism is mean, evil and vindictive towards men. It encourages division and discriminates against men at every opportunity. Feminists treat men horribly and then, when those men say that they aren't feminists, they say but feminism is about equality. This is my argument against feminism. Feminism has moved from equality to female superiority. They have created a myth called the "patriarchy" which is the idea that ALL men think that they are superior to women in every field. This is a fantasy. One of the most commonly used feminist arguments is that women are paid 77p for every pound that men make. This is a complete and utter lie. It's also not legal due to the 1970 Equal Pay act. Politicians as high up as Theresa May repeat this, but ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 16.
  • 17. I Thought Of The Vagina feminists adhered to in order to achieve the heightened sense of worth Finley was referring to. Edelson has become a large influence upon my work as I have also previously role–played the ancient goddesses and warrior women as you can see in Boudicca 2 (Figure 6), in order to question why we have lost the respect as modern women that the goddesses and strong women from folk tales of old wielded long ago. Carolee Schneemann also focuses on using her body as a spiritually empowering tool, but in a less ritualistic way. Interior Scroll (Figure 7) for example expresses Schneeman's femininity in such a way that she reiterates her gender whilst stating that her being has a significant voice. She states on her webpage 'Interior Scroll 1975'; "I thought of the vagina in many ways–– physically, conceptually: as a sculptural form, an architectural referent, the sources of sacred knowledge, ecstasy, birth passage, transformation. I saw the vagina as a translucent chamber of which the serpent was an outward model: enlivened by it 's passage from the visible to the invisible, a spiraled coil ringed with the shape of desire and generative mysteries, attributes of both female and male sexual power" (caroleeschneemann.com, Accessed 27/11/2014). There is something about Schneemann's work that I can relate to because she has this perception of her womanhood being the source of wisdom in a very spiritualised way. It also links with the ideas portrayed in Courbet's The Origin of the World ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 18.
  • 19. Feminism And The First, Second, Or Third Wave When referring to the history of feminism in the manner of the first, second, or third wave, one is undermining the experiences that were ongoing during, in middle of, and before those waves that history defines. What ideologies of oppression were being spoken of to raise awareness and whose experience was being excluded/diminished? The articulation of feminism in using the metaphor of waves to describe how the ideologies peaked and rescinded, is incorrect because it focuses only on the voices of those who were able to bring their problems to the surface and excludes those who had a different experience or may have brought awareness in a quieter manner. There are many feminisms and each interpretation is defined by the collective oppression, rather than looking at the situation in an individual perception, which is what creates disagreements and division between feminists. Many definitions of feminism, feminisms, exist simultaneously because it is evolving as fast (or, well, as slow) as the world is changing and if one group of people are to speak of others experience of oppression (or lack of) in place of them, the result can be the glossing over of experiences and therefore, undermine experiences of others. The closest working definition feminism holds states: feminism is a social and political movement that seeks equality of opportunity for all people, regardless of gender; and when there is no equality of outcome, feminists wonder why. However, not everyone is aware of ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 20.
  • 21. Feminism : Equality And Not Equality One question, has feminism accomplished anything for you? If you are male then the answer will always be no. This is because feminism is now about male discrimination and not equality. This is because feminism preaches equality but practices misandry. Feminists have come up with this idea of all men having "male privilege" which is completely false. There are three "waves" of feminism: the "first wave" which focused on getting the votes for women (the suffragettes), "second wave" feminism which helped get domestic rights for women and now, "third wave" feminism, which focuses on senseless issues such as the supposed "wage gap" and women getting more abuse online than men. Third wave feminism is damaging to men in general but it also divides the sexes apart. If you really think feminism is the advocacy of women's rights on the grounds of equality then answer this, what rights do men have that women don't in the UK? But let's flip to the other side of the argument. Feminists have previously fought for votes for women, helped pass rape laws, fought for "equal pay" and have also pushed for equal representation of women in the media. Feminists also raised awareness towards the need for abortions to be legal. Feminists often organise protest marches for women's rights. They also feel that women are unevenly represented in the workplace due to strong sexism towards women. This is highlighted by the so–called "glass ceiling". There is also an argument against feminism. Third wave feminism is mean, evil and vindictive towards men. It encourages division and discriminates against men at every opportunity. Feminists treat men horribly and then, when those men say that they aren't feminists, they say but feminism is about equality. This is my argument against feminism. Feminism has moved from equality to female superiority. They have created a myth called the "patriarchy" which is the idea that ALL men think that they are superior to women in every field. This is a fantasy. One of the most commonly used feminist arguments is that women are paid 77p for every pound that men make. This is a complete and utter lie. It's also not legal due to the 1970 Equal Pay act. Politicians as high up as Theresa May repeat this, but ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 22.
  • 23. Example Of Third-Wave Feminism In Aguilera's Poem Aguilera's song is a prime example of third–wave feminism because it focuses on the inequalities of women as well as addresses issues about gender and sexuality. Not only does this song include third–wave feminism, it also includes the radical feminist perspective because it reveals the double standards we have in society today regarding what males and females can and cannot do. In "Can't hold us down's" hook, third–wave feminism is seen with Aguilera's lyrics "This is for my girls all around the world. Who've come across a man who don't respect your worth. Thinkin' all woman should be seen not heard. So, what do we do girls? Shout louder. Lettin' 'em know we're gonna stand our ground," (Genius, 2003). This hook demonstrates third–wave feminism because it encourages all women who have been disrespected by men in all forms to speak up for themselves. Moreover, Aguilera asserts that when men expect women "should be seen not heard" they must refuse to be silenced in order to make a difference. The radical perspective element of this song addresses double standards in society and encourages reciprocity. This element is portrayed in Lil' Kim's verse "Here's something I just can't understand. If a guy have three girls than he's the man. He can even give her some head, then sex her raw. If a girl do the same than she's a whore. But the tables 'bout to turn, I bet my fame on it. Cats take my ideas and put they name on it. It's aiight though, you can't hold me down. I got to keep on ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 24.
  • 25. Sexism: Third-Wave Feminism Sexism, that word has almost lost its meaning with the rise of third–wave feminism. However, this in no way suggests that it doesn't exist. I don't identify as a feminist, however they do have a point that sexism is a problem in 21st–century society. This issue isn't contained to one particular group, I'm only focusing on the Reformed community because it's the community I'm a part of and heavily identify with. I will stay clear from generalizations because I don't want the first thing someone to say is "Well, I don't do that." This isn't meant to apply to every single person, though there is an application that I think everyone should think about. When I go through Facebook and see phrases like "I allow my wife" or even "I allow my husband" said in complete seriousness, I wonder where we are in terms of gender equality in Christianity. A common emotional tactic is to treat your spouse like a child and you as a parent and I think this type of language personifies that. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... I'm not interested in naming names, but there are even instances that are even more blatant than what I described. Like the time a popular reformed figure told my female friend to go make a sandwich when he was called out for dishonesty. Like Adam we men are playing the blame game on women for our own insecurities. Sliding into your sister in Christ's DM's like an unbeliever asking for nudes or to go on a road trip when they don't even know you, what are you ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 26.
  • 27. Friedan And The Feminine Mystique By Betty Friedan Feminism is the fight for equality between the sexes. It can be dated back to the mid–19th century with women like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. The first wave feminist procured the right to vote for American women. The following second and third waves built upon what the founding feminists created. The second wave of feminism was set off by the disenchantment women across America were experiencing. This disenchantment was caused by the nuclear family and the roles that the women in the 1950s were thrust into. The second wave is said to have lasted from the 1960s–1980s. Sometime after the 1980s, most likely the early to mid–1990s, third wave feminists began to rear their heads. The third wave built upon the advancements made ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964. After the creation of the National Organization for Women (NOW), an executive order was issued by LBJ to include sex in affirmative action. And in 1973 Roe V. Wade occurred, this case made first trimester abortions legal. All of these events show that the second wave of feminism raged war on many institutions. What began as a crusade to make women aware turned into a massive revolution. The third wave of feminism began sometime in the 1990s. This was when the Riot Grrrl was taking over Washington state. And a woman named Anita Hill was waging a battle against her sexual assaulter, Clarence Thomas a Supreme Court nominee, in court. The court ruled in favor of Thomas. These events worked as a catalyst for the third wave. The third wave focused on ensuring that the accomplishments made by the second wave were not taken for granted. The women involved in the third wave viewed race, transgender rights, sexual liberation, and social class as their central issues. Third–wave feminist wanted each and every woman to have a say when it came to their body. They rebelled against the attempted passage of North Dakota's complete ban on abortion and the United States Supreme Courts efforts to uphold the partial–birth ban. The third wave was also viewed as more open. Their concentration shifted to being an activist group that was more openminded to how women could dress and act. Their view was that the more they tried to control the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 28.
  • 29. Comparing Second And Third Wave Feminism Second and Third Wave Feminism: A Comparison Feminism is defined as the push for women's rights on the grounds of political, social, and economic equality to men. It is broken up into three waves; the first occurring in the nineteenth and early twentieth century, the second being the 60's to the late 80's, and finally the third which began in the 90's and is currently where we are at today. Many significant advancements since the first wave of feminism, and many changes were made to the feminism movement throughout the years. When comparing the second and third waves of feminism, issues such as equal pay for equal work, maintaining a job and still being able to have a family, or not having a family if you don't feel like it, are all common topics within the feminist movement. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The main issues at hand included sexuality, workplace, family, and reproductive rights. Common misconceptions of this wave include the idea that this time [was thought of] as offensive, outdated and obsessed with the middle class white women's problems. When in fact this was not the case, many of the women involved with feminism were also a part of the Black Civil Rights Movement, Anti Vietnam Movement, Chicano Rights Movement, Gay and Lesbian Movement and many more that were all fighting for the same result; equality. The reasoning behind why feminism seemed more popular when compared to other movements was because many women felt that their voices were not being heard and felt that in order to gain respect in co–ed organizations they first needed to address gender equality concerns. Second Wave feminism's main ideas and movements include, securing the right to have an abortion, getting daycare, putting women in positions of political power, breaking the stigma around rape and sexual abuse, using birth control, and much ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 30.
  • 31. Third Waves Of Feminism Feminism can be used to describe a cultural , political , or economic movement to establish legal protection and equal rights for women. Historians believe that the roots of feminism started in ancient Greece or during the medieval times, but we most recognize it from the movements throughout the 18th to 20th century. Feminism has evolved a lot since then and now are being told in three different waves. The third wave is the one we are currently living in today and should be told through the eyes of all people treated unfairly. The first wave of feminism started in the 18th century to early 19th century, when women realized they must have the right to vote just like men. The goal of this wave was to open up opportunity for women. Women advocates like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and well educated white women's came together in Seneca Falls, New York and created a movement called the Women's Suffrage; also known as a feminist movement. Where all women came together for political rights, the women felt that first they must gain some level of political power to develop an equal status in society. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The second wave feminism begun right after world war two, many women that were amongst this wave had already been involved in the past civil rights movements. However, this wave of feminism was largely criticized because it mainly focused on the middle class white women concerns instead of all racial groups. Black feminist then came out and spoke up for what they believed in, they felt being a black women was harder than being a white women. Surprisingly, both white and african american feminist came together and built a an effective working relationship to together promote women equality for the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 32.
  • 33. Feminism And The First, Second, Or Third Wave When referring to the history of feminism in the manner of the first, second, or third wave, one is undermining the experiences that were ongoing during, in middle of, and before those waves that history defines. What ideologies of oppression were being spoken of to raise awareness and whose experience was being excluded/diminished? The articulation of feminism in using the metaphor of waves to describe how the ideologies peaked and rescinded, is incorrect because it focuses only on the voices of those who were able to bring their problems to the surface and excludes those who had a different experience or may have brought awareness in a quieter manner. There are many feminisms and each interpretation is defined by the collective oppression, rather than looking at the situation in an individual perception, which is what creates disagreements and division between feminists. Many definitions of feminism, feminisms, exist simultaneously because it is evolving as fast (or, well, as slow) as the world is changing and if one group of people are to speak of others experience of oppression (or lack of) in place of them, the result can be the glossing over of experiences and therefore, undermine experiences of others. The closest working definition feminism holds states: feminism is a social and political movement that seeks equality of opportunity for all people, regardless of gender; and when there is no equality of outcome, feminists wonder why. However, not everyone is aware of ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 34.
  • 35. Feminist Movements By Dorothy Sue Cobble, Linda Gordon,... Feminist movements have transcended generations while evolving as women's role within and perspective of society change. These movements ranged from women wanting to simply being viewed as equal to men in the eyes of employers to women who wanted to completely disassociate themselves from men. On top of covering a wide range of desires they crossed generational lines as well as race, class, professional, and ethnic lines. Some of these movements were integrated while others were exclusively for one group of women. There is no clear cut event or day when women began pushing for equality but it began around the beginning of the 20th century when women pushed for the right to vote which culminated with Congress passing the Nineteenth Amendment in 1919 giving women the right to vote. Feminism Unfinished by Dorothy Sue Cobble, Linda Gordon, and Astrid Henry picks up the history of feminist movements following the creation of the Nineteenth Amendment. The book highlights many of the different movements that have occurred from the 1920s until present day, it was published in 2014 so it discusses some of the latest movements. The authors use the term "feminisms" as opposed to feminism since they want to emphasize the fact that there were, are, and will continue to be many different approaches to improve the quality of life for women in the United States. Despite the fact that there were many different approaches to solving the issues or improving their situation it is all ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 36.
  • 37. Feminism And Three Waves In Pride And Prejudice By Jane... The roots of feminism can be traced back to the ancient Greece, or the medieval world. However, it is not until the late 19th century, the feminist movement is categorized and become identifiable into specific waves. This paper focuses on modern feminism and three waves that follows. Female characters will also be assigned to each wave in order to have a better understanding of feminism. To add, this paper also focuses on the women from Britain as this essay uses Pride and Prejudice and Bridget Jones's Diary as textual reference. This essay argues that even though women's role in the 20th century and their identities have changed from the women in the 19th century, i.e. their social and economic status as well as political rights, the contemporary ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... In particular, needing a man is a common theme between the two. However the difference is the reasons for needing a man. In Pride and Prejudice, as stated above, they need a man in order to have a secure future as that was the only good way to live during that time. In contrast, Bridget Jones needs a man because she is afraid that she will be a spinster and therefore feel alienated from the happy couples that surrounds her. Thus her obsession with finding the right man. Yet, it is important to note that the women's circumstances are vastly different in the way of socially, economically and politically, Bridget is definitely in an upgraded circumstance. In spite of this, there are still similarities in which contemporary women still struggle with regency's gender issues. After all, Bridget Jones's Diary shared a common theme with Pride and Prejudice, and both texts are still relevant in the 21st ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 38.
  • 39. Women Began Fighting For Their Rights Women began fighting for their rights in the 19th century. The term "feminism" was coined, meaning the fight for women to have social, political, and economic equal rights. Gloria Steinem believes that feminism became a movement when individuals influenced others to fight for a change in the society. She says, "Whenever one person stands up and says, "Wait a minute, this is wrong," it helps other people do the same" (Weeks 2014). It is unclear what year the fourth–wave actually began, but Baumgardner (2011) believes that it began in 2008. The fourth–wave movement allows women to express themselves through the internet, which allows them to take advantage of freedom of speech and spread awareness of gender biased behavior. However, some feminist do not believe that this wave will be efficient because it is not as active and unified as the first three waves. First Wave Before discussing the motives and impact of the fourth–wave, it is important to understand the waves that preceded the online movement. The first wave focused more on middle class white women in America. It began as a fight for equal rights, defined as "the same opportunity careers, monetary compensation, political participation, public service" (197). It can be traced back to the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848, lead by Elizabeth Stanton (Krolokke 2005). Stanton along with Lucretia Mott, Martha Wright, and Mary McClintock presented the "Declaration of Sentiments," a feminist point of view of the Declaration ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 40.
  • 41. Third Wave Feminism In The United States By definition, feminism is the ideology that women have the right to be perceived as equal to men in terms of politics, business, and economically. For the last couple of decades, feminism has helped shape our society and the way men perceive women. Because of feminism, women in the United States of America were allowed to vote by August of 1920. Women now have the right to do so many things that would have been considered a taboo back in the early 20th century. Women can own their own businesses, and they can also become more politically involved, such an example would be Margaret Thatcher, ex–prime minister of the United Kingdom. Feminism has gone through many stages throughout the years, these stages have been named "waves", and they include first wave feminism, second wave feminism, third wave feminism, and the most recent coined term: fourth wave feminism. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... In the east, women are perceived as narcissistic and lazy. This essay relies on both history and social anthropology: History is relevant to this essay because it helps develop historical skills. It also encourages the engagement of multiple perspectives, which helps to understand the importance of historical issues. Furthermore, the question also develops an understanding and interest in the past. Social and Cultural anthropology is also crucial for this essay because it explores the principles and characteristics of society and culture. It develops an awareness of historical and social context within social and cultural anthropology. It also helps recognize the assumptions of society and culture. The waves that will be discussed are second wave feminism, which occurred from the 1960s to 1970s and fourth wave feminism, which began in 2006 and is still going on to this ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 42.
  • 43. Feminism Vs Third Wave Feminism Throughout history all kinds of women across the globe have been viewed as objects and in some instances viewed as less human and men are viewed as the dominant subject. We are all part of creating the social difference between men and women weather we know it or not. Sexism is what promotes male privilege and refers to hierarchically ordered gender stereotyping and it can be seen everywhere. Each day more and more are expressing enculturation, which is the gradual acquisition of the characteristics and norms of a culture or group by a person. We can see this though the arrogant eye, which is all the different ways men exploit women in a male dominated culture. Standpoint theory is a feminist theoretical perspective that argues that knowledge stems from social position. Third wave feminism is a feminist group that focuses on the issues of race, racism, and the experiences of the nonwhite women in today's culture. In our culture today we see cultural racism so often that we may not even pick up on it because it is some common. I've personally seen this and I remember one day in the mall I was walking around and noticed that almost every ad had no person of color on them, I was stunned, out of the hundreds of ads on the walls the only ones that did were footlocker and other athletic stores, that is a perfect example of cultural racism. Another thing i've noticed when driving back home is that racial advantage is absolutely real, racial advantage is one race having better ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 44.
  • 45. Feminist And Celebrity Entrepreneur, Amber Rose Essay On 3 October 2015, feminist and celebrity entrepreneur, Amber Rose, hosted the Amber Rose SlutWalk in Los Angeles. The event was highly successful in its "cause against sexual injustice, victim blaming, derogatory labelling, and gender inequality" with activism not only taking place in the streets of Los Angeles but through extensive online projects to push the movement throughout the online sphere (Amber Rose SlutWalk 2015). Respectively, Johnston and Longhurst (2009, 159– 160) emphasise that "sexed bodies are constructed through different social and cultural entanglements and through different spaces and places" and that the internet acts as an important source of material on sex and sexuality, reflecting and reinforcing social trends and conversations that are happening in 'real' space. Johnston and Longhurst's (2009) notions of sexed bodies and spaces, theoretical ideas surrounding third–wave feminism and postfeminism, as well as arguments encompassing the contemporary SlutWalk movement itself, allow for a detailed analysis of the role of the internet in modern activism and, in particular, in the recent Amber Rose SlutWalk. Ultimately, the Amber Rose SlutWalk illustrates how online space can be used in challenging the complex power relations that surround sexuality and in furthering the inclusion of diverse sexual bodies. The SlutWalk movement began on 24 January 2011, when Police Officer Michael Sanguinetti gave a routine safety talk at York University in Toronto ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 46.
  • 47. Feminist And Celebrity Entrepreneur, Amber Rose Essay On 3 October 2015, feminist and celebrity entrepreneur, Amber Rose, hosted the Amber Rose SlutWalk in Los Angeles. The event was highly successful in its "cause against sexual injustice, victim blaming, derogatory labelling, and gender inequality" with activism not only taking place in the streets of Los Angeles but through extensive online projects to push the movement throughout the online sphere (Amber Rose SlutWalk 2015). Respectively, Johnston and Longhurst (2009, 159– 160) emphasise that "sexed bodies are constructed through different social and cultural entanglements and through different spaces and places" and that the internet acts as an important source of material on sex and sexuality, reflecting and reinforcing social trends and conversations that are happening in 'real' space. Johnston and Longhurst's (2009) notions of sexed bodies and spaces, theoretical ideas surrounding third–wave feminism and postfeminism, as well as arguments encompassing the contemporary SlutWalk movement itself, allow for a detailed analysis of the role of the internet in modern activism and, in particular, in the recent Amber Rose SlutWalk. Ultimately, the Amber Rose SlutWalk illustrates how online space can be used in challenging the complex power relations that surround sexuality and in furthering the inclusion of diverse sexual bodies. The SlutWalk movement began on 24 January 2011, when Police Officer Michael Sanguinetti gave a routine safety talk at York University in Toronto ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 48.
  • 49. 10 Things I Hate about You and The Taming of the Shrew The film "10 Things I Hate About You" is based loosely on William Shakespeare's 15th century play "The Taming of the Shrew". The misogynistic play tells the story of how Petrucio essentially torments his headstrong wife, Katharina (also called "Katherine" and "Kate") until she "becomes a compliant and obedient bride" (wikipedia). The story simultaneously follows the story of many suitors competing for the love of Katharina's sister, Bianca (Wikipedia). The film adaptation, "10 Things I Hate About You", is a more progressive twist on the original storyline, which takes place in a "contemporary American high school" (Hateley 2). The characters in the film have similar names to the characters in the play; Petrucio becomes "Patrick", Katharina becomes "Kat", and Bianca's name remains the same. The plot in "10 Things I Hate About You" is similar in that both Kat and Bianca are viewed as prizes to be won; Bianca is only permitted to date if her older sister does, as mandated by their father. To overcome this barrier, Joey, the villain of the film, pays Patrick to date Kat so that he may be allowed to date Bianca. At the same time, Cameron, the more innocent, naïve character after Bianca's heart, works with Patrick to help him win over Kat so that he too may have a chance at dating the ingénue Bianca (10 Things). While the overlapping tones of misogyny and domination of women are apparent in both pieces, "10 Things I Hate About You" draws attention to these blatant hegemonic themes ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 50.
  • 51. Example Of Third-Wave Feminism In Aguilera's Poem Aguilera's song is a prime example of third–wave feminism because it focuses on the inequalities of women as well as addresses issues about gender and sexuality. Not only does this song include third–wave feminism, it also includes the radical feminist perspective because it reveals the double standards we have in society today regarding what males and females can and cannot do. In "Can't hold us down's" hook, third–wave feminism is seen with Aguilera's lyrics "This is for my girls all around the world. Who've come across a man who don't respect your worth. Thinkin' all woman should be seen not heard. So, what do we do girls? Shout louder. Lettin' 'em know we're gonna stand our ground," (Genius, 2003). This hook demonstrates third–wave feminism because it encourages all women who have been disrespected by men in all forms to speak up for themselves. Moreover, Aguilera asserts that when men expect women "should be seen not heard" they must refuse to be silenced in order to make a difference. The radical perspective element of this song addresses double standards in society and encourages reciprocity. This element is portrayed in Lil' Kim's verse "Here's something I just can't understand. If a guy have three girls than he's the man. He can even give her some head, then sex her raw. If a girl do the same than she's a whore. But the tables 'bout to turn, I bet my fame on it. Cats take my ideas and put they name on it. It's aiight though, you can't hold me down. I got to keep on ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 52.
  • 53. Becoming The Third Wave Feminism Literature Review Beyoncé Knowles, multi–platinum Grammy award winning artist first made her debut as lead vocalist of award winning R&B group Destiny's Child in the late 90's. The group went through several breakups and makeups with different members in the group until they were able to establish perfect harmony with lasting members Beyoncé Knowles, Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams. The group went on to make Billboard 100 charts with number 1 songs like "Bug a Boo" & "Bills, bills, bills". In 2002 Michelle Williams went to produce her first gospel album, Kelly Rowland produced her own R&B album and Beyoncé Knowles hit the big screen playing opposite of Mike Meyers in the Austin Powers film, Goldmember. The group got back together and produced ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Or if wearing a low–cut shirt helps you win an argument, so be it."12 The sexual freedom celebrated by third–wavers goes beyond heteronormative depictions of sexuality, creating a space for the LGBT community within feminist circles. The third wave's refusal to adhere to strict categories has opened the door for gender bending and the inclusion of transsexuals and transgendered ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 54.
  • 55. The Third Wave Feminism There are three waves of feminism. The first wave (1830's–early 1900's) emphasized on legal issues and gaining political power including the right to vote to bring gender equality. The second wave (1960's–1980's) stressed on broadening the discussions to a wider range. They focused on the work place, sexuality, family, reproductive rights, domestic violence and marital rape issues. The third wave (1900's–present) expands the topic of feminism to include women with varied identities and a response to the failures of movements by second wave feminism. Rebecca Walker coined the term 'third–wave feminism' in an essay Becoming the Third Wave (1992). In the introduction to idea of third–wave feminism in Manifesta authors Jennifer Baumgardner and Amy Richards suggest that feminism can change with every generation and individual. Feminists have long criticised the institution of marriage. They stated that marriage leads to oppression of women and their rights curtailed. The gender inequality is judged from the fact that mostly women take up domestic and caring work and they get paid less than men for outside work. Traditionally, all men give speech and the women surrender her name to take her husband's name. As a high profile couple, Jean–Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir always expressed opposition to marriage. Brian Sawyer in his post published in November 2003 wrote 'Marriage, understood existentially, proposes to join two free selves into one heading, thus denying the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 56.
  • 57. Feminism And The Second Wave Unlike the First and the Second waves the Third wave does not have a starting point or a particular moment. The period from early 1990's to present is often defined as the Third wave. This wave is considered as the "backlash" of the movements and achievements made in the second wave. Many issues like Webster decision in 1989, that made a way to create abortion laws and Planned Parenthood Association of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey made a law that women should get counseling before abortion led to the lesser chances of availability of abortion. Since then, even the education in abortion was also seemed to gradually decrease. By 1990, there had been bombings on the abortion clinics. Also in 1976 , Snuff, a porographic film pushed women to form a Women against Violence in Pornograohy and Media as they realized that pornography degrades women of her standards and ultimately leads to rape and violence. Many feminists believed that pornography violates women's rights. Media played a major role in reflecting the views of women to be called feminists. This wave particularly focuses on intersectionality. Women of color also expressed their thoughts of being divided on the basis of color and what it means to them to be a feminist. Some of the papers like " This Bridge Called My Back, took birth which portraits the concerns of women of color and third world women and are also significant to those involved in the third wave. Many feminist writers like Bell Hooks, Audre ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 58.
  • 59. Third Waves Of Feminism Feminism can be used to describe a cultural , political , or economic movement to establish legal protection and equal rights for women. Historians believe that the roots of feminism started in ancient Greece or during the medieval times, but we most recognize it from the movements throughout the 18th to 20th century. Feminism has evolved a lot since then and now are being told in three different waves. The third wave is the one we are currently living in today and should be told through the eyes of all people treated unfairly. The first wave of feminism started in the 18th century to early 19th century, when women realized they must have the right to vote just like men. The goal of this wave was to open up opportunity for women. Women advocates like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and well educated white women's came together in Seneca Falls, New York and created a movement called the Women's Suffrage; also known as a feminist movement. Where all women came together for political rights, the women felt that first they must gain some level of political power to develop an equal status in society. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The second wave feminism begun right after world war two, many women that were amongst this wave had already been involved in the past civil rights movements. However, this wave of feminism was largely criticized because it mainly focused on the middle class white women concerns instead of all racial groups. Black feminist then came out and spoke up for what they believed in, they felt being a black women was harder than being a white women. Surprisingly, both white and african american feminist came together and built a an effective working relationship to together promote women equality for the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 60.
  • 61. Film Review : Pretty Woman In this essay I will aim to discuss and evaluate the film 'Pretty Woman' and how this film relates to feminist theories. Ways in which female and male characters are represented differently. It presents the relationship of a man and woman as one which is patriarchal and a very outdated. Feminism is the belief that all women should be allowed to portray the same rights and power as men do. The film Pretty Woman is a classical modern day story where the unfortunate girl meets a man who then turns her into this beautiful rich girl. The movie however portrays many aspects of which are similar to the third–wave feminists. In the movie Julia Roberts plays Vivian Ward who is a prostitute struggling to make ends. Vivian is bought for a week by a rich man, Edward Lewis. Unfamiliarly Edward pays Vivian for everything but the norm of a prostitute, sex. Third Wave feminism briefly ignores the political aspects of feminism and rather focuses on the personal identity of the individual. Third wave feminism allows women to show themselves by mixing their own identities with their values and beliefs about what feminism means to them and what I could potentially become in the future. Vivian's role is shown to be a portrait of a third wave feminist. As third wave feminism is an encouragement of equality and empowerment of women it has been stated that this is the more recent and looked into feminist approach that looks into the inequalities and unjust of the social network. The third wave ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 62.
  • 63. Feminism And The Second Wave Unlike the First and the Second waves the Third wave does not have a starting point or a particular moment. The period from early 1990's to present is often defined as the Third wave. This wave is considered as the "backlash" of the movements and achievements made in the second wave. Many issues like Webster decision in 1989, that made a way to create abortion laws and Planned Parenthood Association of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey made a law that women should get counseling before abortion led to the lesser chances of availability of abortion. Since then, even the education in abortion was also seemed to gradually decrease. By 1990, there had been bombings on the abortion clinics. Also in 1976 , Snuff, a porographic film pushed women to form a Women against Violence in Pornograohy and Media as they realized that pornography degrades women of her standards and ultimately leads to rape and violence. Many feminists believed that pornography violates women's rights. Media played a major role in reflecting the views of women to be called feminists. This wave particularly focuses on intersectionality. Women of color also expressed their thoughts of being divided on the basis of color and what it means to them to be a feminist. Some of the papers like " This Bridge Called My Back, took birth which portraits the concerns of women of color and third world women and are also significant to those involved in the third wave. Many feminist writers like Bell Hooks, Audre ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 64.
  • 65. The Third Wave Of Feminism In The Early 20th Century Feminism is still very much needed in this day in age. Although Feminism has come a long way since being first introduced in the early 20th century, the movement faces new challenges. Women have accomplished the goals they had set from the first wave of Feminism, including the right to vote, the right to work, and the right to have custodial rights over their children. The second wave of Feminism focus was for women to have sexuality and reproductive rights. Women gained their reproductive rights in the Roe vs. Wade (1973). In Roe vs. Wade, women gained the right to have abortions. The third wave of Feminism, which is continuing right now, focuses on universal womanhood; how women are portrayed in society. Although women have accomplished some of the goals they set in the Feminist waves, there ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... In the first wave on of the goals was to have the right to work. Women have the right to vote however, in most work fields there is still a substantial wage gap between the genders. On average, women earn 71% of men's wages. Women who are financial specialists make 66% of what men in same occupation earn. Women who are lawyers and judges earn 82% of what men make in that field. When it comes to hiring, men hold an advantage over women in some fields of work simply because they are men. In the second wave, one of the focuses was sexuality. Sexuality is still an issue today. Same sex marriage had just been recently recognized in the United States (June 26 2015). Although same sex marriage is permitted, the LGBT community is still heavily discriminated against. Members of the LGBT community have harder times getting jobs and even being accepted into society. The current feminism's wave, which focuses on how women are portrayed in the media/society, has not been rectified. Women are constantly displayed in the media as sexual objects to lure men. For example, in a ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 66.
  • 67. Third-Wave Feminism Prior to Loobeek's paper, I did not know that there were three different forms or 'waves' of feminism, I thought it was one category. Now that I understand the three waves, I can more easily delineate between them. I remember learning in history class about Susan B. Anthony, a women's rights advocate; her actions would be considered first–wave feminism. I remember talking about women's right to get an abortion; which would be considered part of second–wave feminism. I also remember topics on the fight for lesbians to become welcome in society; which would be considered an important part of third–wave feminism. I think that it is in a way horrifying that Katniss is the head of her household and that she shows dominance over her mother. The reason ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 68.
  • 69. Second And Third Wave Feminism Throughout the twentieth century feminist movements changed the first world dramatically, but during the second half the twentieth century the views and goals of what women wanted in life changed from simply asking for fair pay and equal rights to jobs to wanting their lifestyle changed. The impact of the second and third wave of feminists held a positive sphere around the fact that women had a bigger voice in politics and economics, but socially feminism was almost purely negative. Feminist groups, mostly in the late second wave and the entirety of the third wave, consisted almost entirely of misandrists. The feminist movements of the second half of the twentieth century made great leaps for women in politics as well as the level of education women were receiving. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Male suicide rate, bias towards men in family courts, domestic violence against men, men who are victims of rape and depression in men are all rising percentages because of second and third wave feminism. Second wave feminism and the radical groups surrounding it such as the Women's Liberation Group have given women a voice, but the late second and the entirety of the third wave have created a social imbalance between the genders resulting in a cataclysmic rise in negative male statistics. Overall the feminist movements of the second and third wave have made a good positive difference for both women and the global society as whole, however the radical groups of the second wave and the third wave overall have created a negative sphere around the mistreatment of the genders, and as a result men have become the more discriminated gender. The changes in politics and the new wave of political feminism which tackles the idea of equality between men and women is where the feminist movement stride towards and stops the silence of male ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 70.
  • 71. Feminism Is Defined As "The Theory Of Political, Economic, Feminism is defined as "the theory of political, economic, and social equality of the sexes." (Definition of Feminism) and also as the "organized activity on behalf of women 's rights and interests." (Definition of Feminism). If one would look in–depth into Feminism they would see that there are three waves of Feminism. Now not all types or waves of feminism is wrong, but third wave, or the most recent, should not be supported, because they often tell myths that are just not true or usually use a fact then twist and manipulate what it really means. The first wave of feminism was a period of feminist activity and thought that occurred in the 19th century and early 20th century. First wave feminism focused on legal issues such as gaining ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Women in countries that have an established structure of Sharia Law are almost never seen being supported by third wave feminists. "In 2000, two Punjabi sisters, 20 and 21 years old, had their throats slit by their brother and cousin because the girls were seen talking to two boys to whom they were not related." (Hymowitz) Third wave feminists were nowhere when this incident came through the media and exploded on the internet. So if these third wave or modern feminist really care where were they during this event? They did not have any march for fundraiser so to speak to give out support for the family. Next, third wave feminist fight for social and economic equality. They argue that women will get paid less than a man and that men are more likely to get a job than a woman. Modern feminists also argue that there is a "rape culture" that is embodied in universities across the US. When in theory this is not true. Modern feminists say that for every one dollar a male makes a woman will only make 77 cents. This is used to combat and say women need equal pay when in reality they already have it. Statistically speaking, the women workforce is greater in low income jobs then men. So therefore, men would automatically make more if you would take the averages. Next is another reason the wage gape is a complete and utter myth. Women on average will work less hours than a man on a fulltime job. So if you would ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 72.
  • 73. Feminism Vs Third Wave Feminism Throughout history all kinds of women across the globe have been viewed as objects and in some instances viewed as less human and men are viewed as the dominant subject. We are all part of creating the social difference between men and women weather we know it or not. Sexism is what promotes male privilege and refers to hierarchically ordered gender stereotyping and it can be seen everywhere. Each day more and more are expressing enculturation, which is the gradual acquisition of the characteristics and norms of a culture or group by a person. We can see this though the arrogant eye, which is all the different ways men exploit women in a male dominated culture. Standpoint theory is a feminist theoretical perspective that argues that knowledge stems from social position. Third wave feminism is a feminist group that focuses on the issues of race, racism, and the experiences of the nonwhite women in today's culture. In our culture today we see cultural racism so often that we may not even pick up on it because it is some common. I've personally seen this and I remember one day in the mall I was walking around and noticed that almost every ad had no person of color on them, I was stunned, out of the hundreds of ads on the walls the only ones that did were footlocker and other athletic stores, that is a perfect example of cultural racism. Another thing i've noticed when driving back home is that racial advantage is absolutely real, racial advantage is one race having better ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 74.
  • 75. Feminist Movements By Dorothy Sue Cobble, Linda Gordon,... Feminist movements have transcended generations while evolving as women's role within and perspective of society change. These movements ranged from women wanting to simply being viewed as equal to men in the eyes of employers to women who wanted to completely disassociate themselves from men. On top of covering a wide range of desires they crossed generational lines as well as race, class, professional, and ethnic lines. Some of these movements were integrated while others were exclusively for one group of women. There is no clear cut event or day when women began pushing for equality but it began around the beginning of the 20th century when women pushed for the right to vote which culminated with Congress passing the Nineteenth Amendment in 1919 giving women the right to vote. Feminism Unfinished by Dorothy Sue Cobble, Linda Gordon, and Astrid Henry picks up the history of feminist movements following the creation of the Nineteenth Amendment. The book highlights many of the different movements that have occurred from the 1920s until present day, it was published in 2014 so it discusses some of the latest movements. The authors use the term "feminisms" as opposed to feminism since they want to emphasize the fact that there were, are, and will continue to be many different approaches to improve the quality of life for women in the United States. Despite the fact that there were many different approaches to solving the issues or improving their situation it is all ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 76.
  • 77. The Second Wave Of Women 's Rights Movement Essay Introduction The women's rights movement vast and know as one of the most notable movements. Furthermore it is split into three waves to present the difference in time and show how much it has evolved. The first wave was in the mid 19th century to early 20th century. They focused on women's suffrage, their right to work, education rights, etc. The second wave was in the 60s; this is when they addressed broader perspectives. To include birth control, abortion, rape, pornography, etc. The third wave began in the 1990s and was a response to the second wave, as they only focused on struggles that whites middle class women faced. The third wave extended it to include race, class, gender identity, ability, etc. where focus is less on the political process but rather about individual identities. Which leads to the statement I will address through the essay; Would the third wave women's rights movement in western countries, achieve what it sets out do, namely; extended feminism to include race, sexuality, class, ability, etc. and work towards dismantling the system that oppress some and privilege others, without the participation of collective action to build stronger, more inclusive society. Furthermore, I will attempt to answer the following questions; how does the Third Wave Women's Rights Movement differ from the first and second? Does media play a role in the success of the third wave women's rights movement? And lastly, should we implement Feminist Theory with our ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 78.
  • 79. Feminism And The Third Wave Of Feminism As the feminist revolution has advanced so has the definition of feminism. In 2017 feminism means something completely different than what it did in the days of women 's suffrage. No longer is feminism working on allowing women just to vote. It focuses on intersectionality, gender norms, women 's reproductive rights, and so much more. We are in the third wave of feminism. In 2017 most millennials identify with third wave feminism or a variant of the movement and strive to abolish gender roles, patriarchy, and fight for women 's rights and equality. Our distinct personal experiences and social location effect what issues we care most about, whether they be racial equality or the Healthcare Reform. In my interview with my partner, Andrea I ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Andrea has experienced gender inequality the most in their place of work, which is the male dominated field of civil engineering and in academia. Women and female bodied individuals in America have had issues with inequality in school and their place of work for centuries. While in school young girls are taught that they are not as special as their male peers and experience many limitations. In Judith Lorber 's "The Social Construction of Gender" (1991) we learn how the differences among girls and boys are what society uses to shape gender roles. Young girls learn that their education is not as important as a man 's they learn that their roles as mothers and looking attractive is more important even if they grow up to have the same positions as men. The differences that women and men face are a part of the process in which gender is socially constructed. Lorber states, "As a process, gender creates the social differences that define "woman" and "man". In social interaction throughout their lives, individuals learn what is expected, act and react in expected ways...." (Lorber, Kirk & Okazawa–Rey, 1991, p.67). Lorber also states, "Societies vary in the extent of inequality in the social status of their women and men members, but where there is inequality, the status "woman" (and its attendant behavior and the role allocations) is usually held in lesser esteem than the status "man" (Lorber, Kirk & Okazawa– Rey, 1991, p.67). Andrea 's experiences ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 80.
  • 81. How Popular Fiction Reflects Debates About Gender and... For the last few decades it is argued to what extent popular fiction reflects such things as social changes in our society and topical debates. In this paper I will discuss to what extent popular fiction reflects debates about gender and sexuality. Moreover, I will look at the difference between postfeminism and third–wave feminism, afterwards I will more closely look at Candace Bushnell's book Sex and the City (1996) and relate the book's ideas about woman and woman's sexuality to postfeminism and third–wave feminism ideas. I will also look at cyber–feminism in relation to another chick lit – Helen Fielding's book Bridget Jones's Diary (1996). In my opinion, popular fiction reflects almost everything what happens in the contemporary ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... To my mind, Bushnell's book is and definitely were empowering for women. It encourages women to be in charge of their own lives. It has been argued that for great number of women Bushnell's heroines are a role model how to live their lives, how to treat themselves and also men. Firstly, one of the ideas that is in Sex and the City and comes from third–wave feminism is that feminists can wear lip–stick, high–heals, and low cut necklines and feel like women, but not sexual objects. Pinkfloor (2005: p.20) emphasises: "It's possible to have a push–up bra and a brain at the same time." To my mind, it is an important point to make, because one can still be a feminist and at the same time be comfortable with their sexuality. What is more, it is an outstanding theme throughout the Bushnell's book also. Bushnell's heroines are confident women in all spheres of their lives, and about their sexuality as much about work or relationships. They can go to the sex club for new experiences (Sex and the City: p.10–16) or dance topless on the bar (Sex and the City: p.88– 95). At the same time they have successful and respectable careers – a columnist, English journalist, movie producer, cable executive, banker and there are mentioned many more. The book also carries a strong message of female competition, which is characteristic of postfeminism. What is more, searching ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 82.
  • 83. Judy: The Third Wave Of Feminism Kerilyn Musnuff Much like everyone else, Judy, the new girl, was impacted by the 3rd wave of feminism. When she started working at her job, she found the way the company ran to be very unfair, as it was, she does not like the boss, and has even had visions while she was high of the entire office going after Mr. Hart in a riot. Judy, Violet, and DoraLee impact the 3rd wave of feminism, because in attempt for things to be more fair, they tied up their boss, Mr. Hart and started changing things under his name to make things right with the company. Judy, during all of this was a big help in being sure that Mr. Hart did not escape. She would have certain times when she was in charge of feeding him and being sure he was not acting up. While he was ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 84.
  • 85. The Third Wave Of Feminism Feminism is an individual's dedication to a political, social, and economic movement for equality (Haslanger 1). Globally, tons of women are still being denied the right to go to school and do not have the privileges to other basic rights (Yousafzai 327). Women should be able to speak for themselves and enjoy life to whatever extent that means to each lady (Nelson 2). Feminism is a positive movement that fights for all women's rights, empowers other females, and raises awareness about discrimination to adolescents. Six in ten and one–third of women call themselves feminists ("Poll" 1). Many of their ideals follow the lines that discrimination against women is sexism, just as racism is a form of inequality. Women's liberation was very first recognized in the United States in 1964 (History 2). Throughout the past couple of decades, there have been three waves of the feminist movement (GotQuestions 1). The first wave occurred between the 19th and early 20th century. Women in that time period fought for their basic political rights. Throughout the 1960's to the 1970's was the most popular wave still yet, the second. Feminists united to be granted greater political rights as well as equality. Once many of women's wishes were fulfilled, the third wave of feminism came booming into existence. From the 1990's to present day, individuals of this modern motion aim to critique much of the second wave and focus on the identity of differences between women and men. They also look for ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 86.
  • 87. Essay about The Issues Facing the Third Wave Feminism... As Third Wave feminism is currently unfolding before us, and its aims encompass a wide array of complex issues, it is often hard to describe what Third Wave feminism is. The feminist theories, mainly associated with First and Second Wave feminism attempt to describe the power imbalances that are found in society, and while doing so expose other oppressions, such as discrimination based on race or sexual orientation. As this essay attempts to place a clear definition to Third Wave feminism, feminists are concurrently trying to deconstruct old definitions and open it up for women to determine what feminism means to them. In other words, no clear definition on what is meant to be a feminist is sufficient, as the Third Wave is about ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... It can be said that the waves are placed on a continuum, each successive wave building on the ideals as well as the discontent of the prior wave. The Third Wave was also seen as originating from the 1990's post–feminist movement. The goals of the First movement were met, such as voting and property rights, as well as the Second Wave's goals of equality in the workplace and reproductive rights. Thus, the goals of feminists were seemingly accomplished, and the movement was considered dead.(Page 64) This caused an increase in activity from people who still felt that there were injustices that needed to be surfaced, in regards to the interconnectivity of race, class, and sexuality with feminism. The feminist movement isn't dead yet, but where its goals and aims will lead it into the future is unknown. Technology and Media An important aspect of Third Wave feminism, differentiating itself from the First and Second movements is the incorporation of media and technology to their platform. Many of the same goals have been carved from the prior movements, including the equality of women in the workplace, and the elimination of violence and poverty, but have been placed in a new light with the use of technology. Being used on two different levels, technology is facilitating rapid ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 88.
  • 89. Second Wave Of Feminism Feminism is the fight for equality among the sexes. It can be dated back to the mid–19th century with women like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. The first wave feminist procured the right to vote for American women. The following second and third waves built upon what the founding feminists created. The second wave of feminism was set off by the disenchantment women across America were experiencing. This disenchantment was caused by the nuclear family, and the roles that the women in the 1950s were thrust into. The second wave is said to have lasted from the 1960s–1980s. Sometime after the 1980s, most likely the early to mid–1990s, third wave feminists began to rear their heads. The third wave build on the advancements made by the first and second waves. There has been controversy regarding the thought that the third wave is actually just an extension of the second. This paper will explore the second and third waves of feminism as well as their relationship between themselves. The second wave of feminism is said to have been born in 1963 with the publication of the Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan. Friedan's ground breaking novel took an introspective look into the life of a woman in the 1950s. It questioned all of the roles that women were expected to portray. The 1950s woman was supposed to be a wife first, a mother second, and a somewhere much further down the list. Friedan made this women question if they were really okay with living in the margins. The second wave took what the first wave had done and ran with it. They were fighting for equality among sexes, reproductive rights for women, women's role in the work place, and domestic violence, and they established the crisis surrounding rape in America. There were many key events that occurred during the second wave of feminism. In 1960 the Pill was approved by the FDA. In 1961, President John F. Kennedy established the President's Commission on the Status of Women. He appointed Eleanor Roosevelt the chair of the commission. JFK also signed into law the Equal Pay Act of 1963. Then, in1964 Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964. After the creation of the National Organization for Women (NOW), an executive order was issued by ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 90.
  • 91. Mary Wollstonecraft Third Wave Feminism Feminism can be described as a collection of ideologies that share the same aim; the belief that all people, regardless of gender, are entitled to the same rights and should be treated as equals. Women have been fighting for equal rights and expressing their feelings and concerns about discrimination since as early as the 18th Century, when the European Enlightenment developed the idea of 'natural rights' and Mary Wollstonecraft published her 1792 novel, 'A Vindication of the Rights of Women'. Mary Wollstonecraft is often thought of as the first feminist philosopher and this novel is one of the first to be called 'feminist'. Over time, there have been surges in feminist activities and times in history when feminists have pushed for their rights more than before. These periods of time are known as 'waves'. The term "wave" is used to identify specific phases and peaks of feminist movement was coined in the 1970s to differentiate between Second Wave feminist trends and the women's rights struggles of the 19th century. The first wave of feminism began in the late 19th and early 20th century and the main focus and concern among feminists at the time was that of suffrage. Women wanted more opportunities and freedom of expression so in 1848, three hundred men and women rallied for equality at the Seneca Falls Convention ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Third wave feminists are more open to ideas about diversity and change and to them, difference is vitally important. A key point made by two leading third wave feminists states that "even as different strains of feminism and activism sometimes directly contradict each other, they are all part of our third–wave lives, our thinking, and our praxes: we are products of all the contradictory definitions of and differences within feminism, beasts of such a hybrid kind that perhaps we need a different name altogether" (Heywood & Drake, 1997, p. ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 92.
  • 93. Third Wave Of By Lara Karaian And Allyson Mitchell For my final argument note, I chose Chapter 3 "Third–Wave Feminisms" by Lara Karaian and Allyson Mitchell, and Chapter 7, "Violence Against Women", which was written by Lisa Rosenberg and Ann Duffy. "Third–wave feminism" is a term I had no knowledge of prior to this course and I chose it to learn what it means and how it affects society. Violence against women sadly seems to be in the news every day and remains important and relevant to myself and all women. SUMMARY Third wave feminists are somewhat different from first and second wave feminists, who were quite rigid in their beliefs about feminism and often alienated women who did not conform to their ideas. One major change is some third wavers enjoy dressing up with makeup and revealing clothing. Karaian & Mitchell (2010) state that The third wave says it is perfectly okay to wear high heels, lipstick and show off your body, if you choose to. This is in opposition to the second wave feminists who believed doing this would be bowing down to oppression. Feminists of today are less interested in rules and more focused on their own identities. These third wave feminists are now women of color, women with disabilities, obese women and trans women and they are complicating the idea of what femininity is They are pushing the envelope with what we perceive as the feminine body. In addition, Karaian & Mitchell report there is a This speaks to being more inclusive and open to a broader scope of "women". As mentioned ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 94.
  • 95. Feminism Is Defined As "The Theory Of Political, Economic, Feminism is defined as "the theory of political, economic, and social equality of the sexes." (Definition of Feminism) and also as the "organized activity on behalf of women 's rights and interests." (Definition of Feminism). If one would look in–depth into Feminism they would see that there are three waves of Feminism. Now not all types or waves of feminism is wrong, but third wave, or the most recent, should not be supported, because they often tell myths that are just not true or usually use a fact then twist and manipulate what it really means. The first wave of feminism was a period of feminist activity and thought that occurred in the 19th century and early 20th century. First wave feminism focused on legal issues such as gaining ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Women in countries that have an established structure of Sharia Law are almost never seen being supported by third wave feminists. "In 2000, two Punjabi sisters, 20 and 21 years old, had their throats slit by their brother and cousin because the girls were seen talking to two boys to whom they were not related." (Hymowitz) Third wave feminists were nowhere when this incident came through the media and exploded on the internet. So if these third wave or modern feminist really care where were they during this event? They did not have any march for fundraiser so to speak to give out support for the family. Next, third wave feminist fight for social and economic equality. They argue that women will get paid less than a man and that men are more likely to get a job than a woman. Modern feminists also argue that there is a "rape culture" that is embodied in universities across the US. When in theory this is not true. Modern feminists say that for every one dollar a male makes a woman will only make 77 cents. This is used to combat and say women need equal pay when in reality they already have it. Statistically speaking, the women workforce is greater in low income jobs then men. So therefore, men would automatically make more if you would take the averages. Next is another reason the wage gape is a complete and utter myth. Women on average will work less hours than a man on a fulltime job. So if you would ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 96.
  • 97. Third Wave Feminism In North America Madison Jones Mr. Bergmann Honors English P–6 October 10, 2016 Third Wave Feminism Have you ever seen a slut walk? I mean women walk around naked saying that they are not asking for attention. Feminism originated in New York, 1848. "The first wave of feminism in the United States began with the Seneca Falls Convention, the first women's rights convention, held at the Wesleyan Chapel in Seneca Falls, New York, on July 19 and 20, 1848." (Encyclopedia of Women and Religion in North America:) Third Wave Feminism started in the mid–90's. ("Four Waves of Feminism.") More women hate third wave feminism than men. Third Wave Feminism claims that North America is a rape culture, that women are always right, and that all men are the same. We have no need for Third Wave Feminism. Although people may claim that we need Third Wave Feminism in the United States there are many reasons to prove that we indeed do not need this cancer in our country. "Feminism is Cancer" – Milo Yiannopoulos. Rape Culture is a term that was coined by feminists in the United States in the 1970's. It was designed to show the ways in which society blamed victims of sexual assault and normalized male sexual violence. ("What is Rape Culture?") " We're told that 1 in 5 women will be raped, this isn't true. I'm not sure why this truth should be difficult ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Sept. 2016. "Four Waves of Feminism." Pacific University. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Sept. 2016. @MattWalshBlog. "Rape Culture Doesn't Exist And There Is No Rape Epidemic." The Blaze. N.p., 2014. Web. 30 Sept. 2016. "The Definition of Misandry." Dictionary.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Oct. 2016. WAVAW.ca. "What Is Rape Culture?" WAVAW Women Against Violence Against Women. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Sept. 2016. Woods, Tom. "Home." Tom Woods. N.p., 2016. Web. 15 Sept. ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 98.
  • 99. Feminist Theory Of Feminism Introduction How can we effect change in the world when only half of it is invited to feel welcome to participate in the conversation ( Watson, 2014). In the feminist perspective, which is an extension of feminism, there is support of equality for both women and men. Feminism is a belief that women and men have equal rights and opportunities. There are many different branches in the feminist perspective, one of the most interesting one is intersectional feminism. Intersectional feminism believes that experiences of class, gender, and race can not be adequately understood unless we understand that women of different races have different experiences. Women of color are told everyday how they have to fit in with the beauty norms that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... This period was concurrent with the anti–war and civil rights movements. Still persistent issues that existed from the first wave carried on to the second wave. These issues regarded sexuality and reproductive rights (2005). The third wave of feminism started in the mid–1990's and is referred to as a response to the perceived failures of the second wave. In the third wave we saw a new type of feminist. The new feminist rejected that the notion of lipstick, high heels and exposed low cut necklines, identified with male oppression. (Feminist and Intersectionality, 2017). The third wave of feminism also was the first to emphasize that feminism was more specific to the rights of white women, rather than women on minorities. Intersectional feminism is often times called black feminism. It was coined as a movement by Kimberlé Crenshaw. The creation of this type of feminism was concurrent with the Civil Rights Movement. Crenshaw believed that the intersectionality experience of black women was far more powerful than the sum of their race and sex. She believed that observations that do not take intersectionality, fail to accurately address how black women are subordinate (DeFrancisco & Palczewski, 2007). Intersectional feminism argues that gender, race and class are intersecting oppressions ( Jones e.t al, quoting Crenshaw, 2013). Intersectional feminism allows us to understand that while some women are subject to sexism, some women are greater affected because
  • 100. ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 101.
  • 102. Third Wave Feminism Essay Third–Wave Feminism Feminism can have a different meaning depending on who you are and what time of history you are speaking of. Most people think of the second–wave of feminism in the 20th century when women fought for their rights for equality not just in the workplace but also their right to vote. The movement for gender equality was originally viewed as a great effort by women for women. Today feminism is a subtitle of equality. Giving us the new definition of feminism called third–wave feminism or gender equality. Modern feminism means equality for men and women whereas, a century ago, feminism meant that women should have the same rights as men. People are all given the same human rights, yet men and women battle for equality. Genders struggle against each other and also with each other for equality. Women strive for equality in the workplace, and to be heard without being labeled as bossy or aggressive. Women fight in our country to be equal in a position in politics. Some men hide behind society's norms of what a man should be. Society norms say men should not show their feelings, or in any way have feminine traits or roles. Men feel they need to be aggressive instead of submissive. Some feel if they are not portrayed the "manly type" they are looked at as weak and/or not in control. Feminism is found to be viewed as man–hating, when in fact it is the belief that men and women have the same rights. In his 1869 book, The Subjection of Women, John Stuart gives ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 104. Mary Wollstonecraft Third Wave Feminism Feminism can be described as a collection of ideologies that share the same aim; the belief that all people, regardless of gender, are entitled to the same rights and should be treated as equals. Women have been fighting for equal rights and expressing their feelings and concerns about discrimination since as early as the 18th Century, when the European Enlightenment developed the idea of 'natural rights' and Mary Wollstonecraft published her 1792 novel, 'A Vindication of the Rights of Women'. Mary Wollstonecraft is often thought of as the first feminist philosopher and this novel is one of the first to be called 'feminist'. Over time, there have been surges in feminist activities and times in history when feminists have pushed for their rights more than before. These periods of time are known as 'waves'. The term "wave" is used to identify specific phases and peaks of feminist movement was coined in the 1970s to differentiate between Second Wave feminist trends and the women's rights struggles of the 19th century. The first wave of feminism began in the late 19th and early 20th century and the main focus and concern among feminists at the time was that of suffrage. Women wanted more opportunities and freedom of expression so in 1848, three hundred men and women rallied for equality at the Seneca Falls Convention ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Third wave feminists are more open to ideas about diversity and change and to them, difference is vitally important. A key point made by two leading third wave feminists states that "even as different strains of feminism and activism sometimes directly contradict each other, they are all part of our third–wave lives, our thinking, and our praxes: we are products of all the contradictory definitions of and differences within feminism, beasts of such a hybrid kind that perhaps we need a different name altogether" (Heywood & Drake, 1997, p. ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 106. The Second Wave Of Women 's Rights Movement Essay Introduction The women's rights movement vast and know as one of the most notable movements. Furthermore it is split into three waves to present the difference in time and show how much it has evolved. The first wave was in the mid 19th century to early 20th century. They focused on women's suffrage, their right to work, education rights, etc. The second wave was in the 60s; this is when they addressed broader perspectives. To include birth control, abortion, rape, pornography, etc. The third wave began in the 1990s and was a response to the second wave, as they only focused on struggles that whites middle class women faced. The third wave extended it to include race, class, gender identity, ability, etc. where focus is less on the political process but rather about individual identities. Which leads to the statement I will address through the essay; Would the third wave women's rights movement in western countries, achieve what it sets out do, namely; extended feminism to include race, sexuality, class, ability, etc. and work towards dismantling the system that oppress some and privilege others, without the participation of collective action to build stronger, more inclusive society. Furthermore, I will attempt to answer the following questions; how does the Third Wave Women's Rights Movement differ from the first and second? Does media play a role in the success of the third wave women's rights movement? And lastly, should we implement Feminist Theory with our ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 108. Second And Third Wave Feminism Throughout the twentieth century feminist movements changed the first world dramatically, but during the second half the twentieth century the views and goals of what women wanted in life changed from simply asking for fair pay and equal rights to jobs to wanting their lifestyle changed. The impact of the second and third wave of feminists held a positive sphere around the fact that women had a bigger voice in politics and economics, but socially feminism was almost purely negative. Feminist groups, mostly in the late second wave and the entirety of the third wave, consisted almost entirely of misandrists. The feminist movements of the second half of the twentieth century made great leaps for women in politics as well as the level of education women were receiving. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Male suicide rate, bias towards men in family courts, domestic violence against men, men who are victims of rape and depression in men are all rising percentages because of second and third wave feminism. Second wave feminism and the radical groups surrounding it such as the Women's Liberation Group have given women a voice, but the late second and the entirety of the third wave have created a social imbalance between the genders resulting in a cataclysmic rise in negative male statistics. Overall the feminist movements of the second and third wave have made a good positive difference for both women and the global society as whole, however the radical groups of the second wave and the third wave overall have created a negative sphere around the mistreatment of the genders, and as a result men have become the more discriminated gender. The changes in politics and the new wave of political feminism which tackles the idea of equality between men and women is where the feminist movement stride towards and stops the silence of male ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 110. She´s Beautiful When She's Angry: Film Analysis She's beautiful when She's Angry tells the story of the women's movement from 1966–1973. This documentary tells a story through the use of footage, photographs and interviews from the women who helped shape second wave feminism. There were a few key players during that time, such as Kate Millett, Susan Brownmiller, Frances Beal, and Betty Friedan. Throughout She's Beautiful when She's Angry these women discuss issues that were problematic during this time period, most of which still are today. A few examples are child care, rape, birth control, and the right to not get married and start a family. This historical overview of this time period reminds us that feminists continue to fight for many of the same rights, fifty years later. It would be a little worrying if She's Beautiful when She's Angry only focused on the white middle class feminists. Thankfully, this sort of 'one size fits all' feminism was not the sole focus of this movie. While the whitewashed face of second wave feminism are mentioned, the film also introduces problems that emerged within the feminist movement. There was quite a bit of negative radicalism in this time period, such as racism, classism, and homophobia. Thankfully, She's Beautiful when She's Angry does not try to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... While some issues are not given the amount of attention needed, others are given no time at all. Also, the movies less than positive relationship with transgender women is unfortunately absent. Even though the film is not as intersectional as it should be, it is still a fairly accurate portrayal of the Women's Liberation Movement. This documentary is great for anyone who is new to intersectional feminism, as well as the history of the Women's Liberation Movement. However, there is further research needed if one wants a full understanding of either ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...