Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research Paper

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research Paper
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus There are many different types of diseases one's body can suffer from, but one unique type of disease is an
autoimmune disease. What makes autoimmune diseases different than other diseases is with an autoimmune disease the body ends up attacking itself.
"The immune system inappropriately identifies its own proteins as foreign and mounts a response to destroy these self–proteins" (Linton, 2016). One in
particular autoimmune disease is Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, also known as SLE. SLE has a debilitating impact on the body, is defined by a very
distinctive mark on the face, difficult to diagnose, and currently has no cure. SLE is a typical autoimmune disease where the individual's immune system
is unable to
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Lupus Erythematosus Research Paper
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is chronic disease that affects almost all body systems and may result in renal failure. The body produces proteins
called autoantibodies that causes inflammation and tissue damage.
The exact cause of Lupus is unknown. Lupus mostly affects women who are of childbearing age. Lupus has a tendency to run in families where
genenectic factors may play a role. Evidence has shown that Lupus may be more common in people of African or West India descent. Researchers
believe Systemic Lupus Erythematosus may be triggered by a virus or some type of in infections in people who are genetically susceptible to this
disease.
Lupus may cause a mild illness. Some people may experience malaise, fever, loss ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A doctor will examine you for the butterfly rash as mention earlier. They will examine you for swelling of joints and ulcers that may be inside your
mouth or nose. Some doctor's will listen to your heart and check for inflammation around the pericarditis or inflammation of the membranes covering
the lungs. Also the doctor may also check neurologic and hematologic disorders. Doctor's will look for a positive ANA test. MainlySystemic Lupus
Erythematosus is hard to detect without a malar rash.
There are various ways to treat Lupus. Lupus Erythematosus can be treated by using nonsteroidal anti–inflammatory drugs. It can also be treated by
using corticosteroids, such as prednisone. People with rash may be treated with steroids creams or tropical tacrolimus which is also helpful to avoid
skin atrophy associated with prolonged use of topical medications,
Even though cause of Lupus is unknown and there's no way to prevent it people still have a lifelong expectancy span. Living with Lupus the quality
of life is generally comprised. They may have a hard time trying to explain their limitations to friends or colleagues. They may even experience sleep
disturbance and have to avoid sun exposure because sun exposure can trigger flare ups. Lupus can put restraints on life plans. Due to everyday
problems of flare ups, treatments, depression and frequent hospital

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ( Sle ) As Simply Lupus
Abstract
Most know Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) as simply lupus. It is difficult to diagnose and treat but the symptoms can be mentally and physically
devastating for any patient. Many may not realize the extent to which a person with SLE is affected on a day to day basis. It is important for
healthcare professionals to understand the disease process, including the cause, signs, symptoms, and treatment of SLE. By understanding the
aforementioned, healthcare professionals can assist with reporting signs and symptoms to the patient's doctor to further reach a correct diagnosis, but
to provide holistic care to the patient. SLE is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease which means the body's immune system fallaciously attacks healthy
tissues and various organs, in this case, primarily the skin , joints, kidneys, and brain of both men and women.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is a chronic inflammatory disease which may affect many different organs and tissues in the body. Lupus
erythematous was first known as a skin disorder by Pierre Cazenave a frechman in 1851. But even before the articles were found that went back to
ancient Greece. Lupus got its name because Lupus patients developed markings or rashes that resembled that of a wolf. There are four types of Lupus,
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid Lupus Erythematosus, and crossover or overlap Syndrome or Mixed Connection Tissue Disease. Individuals
of any age, sex, or race may develop the diseases.

CS was first described by Dr. David G Cogan in 1945 as a non–syphilitic interstitial keratitis with vestibuloauditory symptoms (1). CS is rare, with
fewer than 250 reported cases in the literature, and is mostly described in young adult Caucasian patients of both sexes (2). CS is an extremely rare
disorder in Arabic and Middle Eastern countries(3). The novelty of this study is represented by being the first case reported within Jordanian
population that is 7 million people.
The classical form of ocular involvement in CS is characterized by the interstitial keratitis, but also, iritis or uveitis, scleritis or episcleritis, and
conjunctivitis have been also described, and the atypical CS exists in the absence of interstitial keratitis (2). Some systemic manifestations have been
reported in association with CS, including vasculitis of the aorta leading to aortic aneurysm and/or aortic valve regurgitation, fever, arthralgia (or
arthritis), lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, skin rash, and peripheral or central nervous system involvement (2, 4).
The ocular involvement in CS usually gives a good response to topical corticosteroids therapy, while, systemic corticosteroids are reserved for
unresponsive cases or those with posterior uveitis, it was reported that poor long term ophthalmologic outcomes due to CS are unusual in contrast to
vestibuloauditory affection(4).
Deafness is the most common serious outcome of CS and systemic corticosteroid therapy is warranted as soon as

What Is Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Essay
What is Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (S.L.E)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disease which causes inflammation of your joints, tissues, and organs. The inflammation
presents itself as heat, pain, swelling and redness. SLE is a variable disease that doesn't take any one particular course; therefore its unpredictability
makes it even more devastating. No two people will experience the same disease symptoms or severity level. As S.L.E progresses there will be periods
of very subtle to no symptoms at all called remission or an exacerbation of symptoms called flares. Normally the body is protected by the immune
system. When the immune system detects an unwelcome visitor such as fungi, bacteria and or viruses ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most lupus patients are followed very closely by many different types of physicians and specialist due to the multisystem organ involvement. These
doctors may include but are not limited to Rheumatologist who specializes in diseases of the joints; there are also Nephrologists the kidney doctor, the
Optometrist doctor for the eyes, the Neurologist for the brain and central nervous system, the Cardiologist for the heart and the Primary Care Physician.
All of these doctors work together to manage S.L.E. It literally takes a team to help the patient manage and cope with the changes someone with lupus
will undergo throughout the entire disease process.
Life changes and long term affects
For most people, Lupus is a mild disease affecting only a few organs. For others, it may cause serious and even life–threatening problems. People with
Lupus are recommended to have regular medical appointments and take medications as prescribed. One of the most frustrating things for a Lupus
patient is being sick. A person can look nice and healthy although they feel very bad inside. Another challenge is that there are no treatments for the
most common complaint of Lupus patients: fatigue and memory loss. With the long term affects of Lupus, patients are recommended to limit sun
exposure and use sunscreen to prevent flares, have good eating habits, get

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: An Autoimmune Disease
Affect On the Body
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease. Consequently, all organs and tissues are at risk of being damaged by inflammation.
The most affected organs are the kidneys, lungs, heart, and skin (Harvery and Zieve; Simanta, and Mohan). The most affected tissues are the joints, and
nervous tissues. The renal system controls blood pressure and blood volume. It also removes waste products and toxins from the blood. SLE causes
inflammation of the nephrons, preventing the kidney to properly maintain blood volume and properly filter waste products and toxins (Harvery and
Zieve). Kidney inflammation alone will trigger complications throughout the entire body. The lungs are responsible for the gas exchange with the...
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There are only treatments to suppress symptoms, treat complications related to the disease, and relieve discomfort (Harvery and Zieve). The treatments
to suppress symptoms include the use of topical creams to treat skin rash. The topical creams used for the treatment of lupus contain corticosteroids to
suppress inflammation and immune activity. The use of corticosteroids is essential to suppresses inflammation and immune response. Corticosteroids
work by suppressing T cell secretions of cytokines, and suppressing B cells ability to bind with interleukins (Harvery and Zieve; Simanta, and Mohan).
Corticosteroids diminish neutrophils adhesion, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and secretion of toxic substance (Harvery and Zieve; Simanta, and Mohan).
Corticosteroids also reduce the production of prostaglandins and leukotrienes (Harvery and Zieve; Simanta, and Mohan). A more mild treatment
method is the use of nonsteroidal anti–inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). These drugs block prostaglandins, therefore, suppressing blood vessel dilation,
inflammation, and pain (Harvery and Zieve). On more aggressive cases of SLE the use of immunosuppressant drugs is required. These drugs
impedes the production of immune cells. In 2011, the first biological drug made specificly for the treatment of lupus was approved by the Food and
Drug Administration (FDA) (Harvery and Zieve). This drug is called Belimumab. It targets B cells that have lost self–tolerance (Harvery and Zieve;
Smcconnell). Because the causes of lupus are not yet well known, there are no prevention

Lupus Erythematosus Research Papers
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus What is Systemic Lupus Erythematosus? Systemic Lupus Erythematosus – otherwise known as lupus – is an
inflammatory autoimmune condition and typically affects women of reproductive age and causes joint pain. Other manifestations of the disease
include fatigue, rash, dry eyes/mouth, inflammation in other parts of the body, and blood cell abnormalities. One of the most worrisome complications
of lupus is kidney disease, which is a common cause of dialysis dependence in young women. Lupus is also associated with an increased risk of heart
attack and stroke. Since this condition may have devastating complications and can affect quality of life, it is important to become educated about its
symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Tendons and bursa may also become inflamed, causing pain with joint movement. The joint pain in lupus is usually worse in the morning and
improves throughout the day. Inflammation of the lining of the heart (pericarditis) or abdominal cavity (peritonitis) often results in chest pain and
abdominal pain, respectively. Patients with kidney involvement (lupus nephritis) may develop frothy urine, swelling in the legs, and high blood
pressure. Severe disease can lead to kidney failure. Patient with lupus are also at increased risk for heart attack, stroke, and blood clots in the legs and
lungs. How is lupus diagnosed? Lupus is diagnosed based on the patient's symptoms, physical examination findings, and laboratory tests. Your doctor
will usually check a comprehensive metabolic panel to evaluate your kidney and liver function. In addition, they will also typically check a complete
blood count, ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate), CRP (C–reactive protein), and complement levels. Urine analysis is commonly ordered to evaluate
for protein and other urine abnormalities. Women of childbearing age are also tested with a urine pregnancy screen. Certain antibodies in the blood are
highly suggestive of lupus. These typically include: ANA (anti–nuclear

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ( Sle )
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that affects multiple tissues and systems and with significant variable clinical features
and organ involvement (Cava, 2010). It is characterized by a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective
tissue with wide spectrum of involvement of skin, joints, kidneys and serosal membranes. The exact etiology is noknown, but it represents failure of
the regulatory mechanisms of immune system in which body 's own defenses are turned against themselves (Edworthy, 2005##########).
It has a worldwide distribution with unpredictable course of flares and remissions, where a cumulative damage over time significantly ... Show more
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The disease is milder and survival is higher among persons with isolated cutaneous and musculoskeletal disease than in those with renal and CNS
involvement. the most frequent causes of death in SLE patients are Infections and diseases of the cardiovascular, renal, pulmonary, and central nervous
systems (Bartels et al., 2012).
In spite of the improvement of the survival rate, patients with SLE still have a higher death rate (3–5 times) than that of general population (Schur,
2001).
B.Etiology:
The definite pathologic mechanisms of SLE remain elusive, and the etiology of SLE is known to be multi–factorial, involving genetic, hormonal, and
environmental factors. Environmental triggers with susceptible genetic background, act on the immune system to initiate autoimmunity (Tiffin et al.,
2013).
1–Genetic factors: There is a clear genetic component in SLE, with a sibling risk ratio 8– 29 folds higher than that in the general population and a 10
folds increase in disease concordance in identical twins. In addition, there is a 24–56% concordance rate in monozygotic twins, compared with a 2–5%
risk in dizygotic twins (Deng and Tsao, 2010).
Many genes that may contribute to lupus have been identified by means of whole–genome scans from families in whom multiple members have SLE
(Namjou et al., 2007). The genes associated

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus And Its Effects On The Body...
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, or Erythematous, also known as SLE, is a chronic inflammatory, autoimmune disease that transpires when the body's
own immune system assaults, with "variable manifestations", it's own tissues and organ systems throughout the itself1,2,3. This can also include
joints, heart, lungs, skin, brain, blood cells, etc1. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is known to have an impact on the organ network involved with
immune complexes and multiple antibodies, especially antinuclear antibodies, or ANAs, an abnormal antibody that is targeted to cause certain edemas
throughout the body and different tissues4. Like lightning or tiger stripes, no two diagnoses of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus are exactly alike. Some
signs and symptoms might be mild, while others could be more severe, occurring suddenly or possibly developing slowly over time1. Cases of SLE
could be a permanent fixture in an individual's life, or could be temporary, decreasing in occurrence or symptoms in women during and after
menopause1. Fatigue is one of the more common signs and symptoms in close to 80% of the cases reported, which in turn leads to decreased physical
activity and subsequently a lessened ability to execute activities of daily living because of the decline of isometric strenght2,4. Because of the fatigue
and having "lower dynamic muscle strength", impeded career opportunities, a lessened quality of life, and capabilities of a low functional performance,
many patients find

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Case Study
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is a very rare and severe autoimmune disease. While the symptoms vary, lupus commonly affects the skin, joints, and
mucous membrane (Brown, Bond, & Waldron, 2014). However, systemic lupus erythematosus (or lupus, for short) can become a multi–organ disease
resulting in further complications. Because lupus is so rare and the symptoms vary, diagnosis is difficult and often does not occur until the disease is in
its latter stages. However, in the detection of the disease, Brown, Bond, and Waldron (2014) express the importance of noticing certain common
symptoms in young females, which are severe fatigue, mouth ulcers, headaches, rashes (especially those caused by the sun), and flitting arthralgasis
(joint pain) and... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Affecting primarily African–American women in their child–rearing years, between the ages of 15 and 40, lupus (for short) has a variety of symptoms.
Diagnosis is rare due to differing symptoms, yet detection is possible with the age of advanced technology. While diagnosis often does not occur until
lupus is in its latter stages, there are precursors Brown, Bond, and Waldron (2014) encourage healthcare professionals to lookout for. Lupus is believed
to develop in individuals who are genetically predisposed to it and exposed to certain environmental factors. Such factors include smoking and certain
hormones that are directly affected by stress. Studies have shown that despite whether stress precedes or antecedes smoking, smoking is used as a
stress management technique. Being a poor one, few smokers know that smoking often results in an increase in stress levels. Likewise, certain
hormones like estrogen and prolactin increase with stress. Both hormones of which are related to inflammation and immunodeficiency which can
precede a lupus flare. Despite this, studies have shown biofeedback–assisted cognitive–behavioral treatment and chronic disease self–management
programs to be effective in directly lowering stress levels and indirectly managing lupus symptoms and flares. There is room for more research to be
done, but for now, such studies support need for stress management techniques in the lives of lupus

Lupus Erythematosus
Section One: Modes of Inheritance
There are five different types of lupus: systemic lupus erythematosus, discoid lupus erythematosus, subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus,
drug–induced lupus, neonatal lupus. Systemic lupus erythematosus, or SLE, is the most common form of lupus. The exact cause of SLE is unknown;
however, recent research has pointed to genetics as its main factor that is mostly triggered by environmental factors. While the exact gene that causes
lupus is unknown, research has suggested that multiple genes factor into the development of SLE (What is Lupus? 2009). Two genes have been linked
to SLE from human leukocyte antigens (HLA), DRB1*03 and DRB1*02, predominately in Caucasian and black populations. These HLA alleles have
shown a strong connection ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When the body is exposed to these factors the B– lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) "relaxes" B–cells which in turn produces autoantibodies which
worsens the condition of SLE in someone (Cranco, D'Cruz, & Khamashta, 2009). Section Two: Symptoms
Lupus can either be mild, or it can be lethal. Unfortunately, SLE is not contained to one part of the body, but rather can affect any part of the body
(Lockshin, 2007). In order to help with the diagnosis of lupus, the American College of Rheumatology developed the "Eleven Criteria of Lupus"
which contains the typical symptoms of SLE and is used by doctors to diagnose patients. Diagnosis, of course, is not limited to the eleven criteria. The
first symptom is called the malar–rash, also known as the butterfly rash, is found on the face spread across the patient's cheekbones. Second, are discoid
patches, third is photosensitivity– a reaction to sunlight that results in skin rashes. Fourth is mouth or nose ulcers, where the mouth ulcers of someone
who has lupus, is pain–free and appear at the roof of the mouth instead of on the sides. The fifth symptom is nonerosive

Millions of people around the world suffer from incurable, autoimmune diseases. Even with the tremendous advancement in medical field, there are
many questions unanswered. More and more diseases of unknown cause are being evolved every now and then, which are threatening to the mankind.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a classic example of such a disease. SLE is a chronic, often life–long, autoimmune condition, ranging from
mild to severe in severity. SLE may affect many organs in the body, including but not limited to kidneys, skin, joints, respiratory and nervous
systems. The name of this disease describes it; word systemic indicates the widespread involvement of various tissues and organs of the body. Lupus
is a word derived from Latin language, which means wolf, referring to the rash on the face which was thought to resemble a wolf bite. Erythematosus
is a Greek word, meaning red, referring to the color of the rash.
In SLE, the immune system of the body is unable to differentiate between its own cells and tissues and foreign substances (antigens). In response,
antibodies are produced which attacks body's own cells, resulting in inflammation and pain.
The medical community is still trying to determine the exact cause of SLE, which is unknown so far. It is proposed that there is likely an interaction
between susceptible genes and environmental factors. Wallace (1995) believes that of those who carry lupus genes, only 10% will ever develop the
disease. SLE is a

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Summary
Relationship of Gene Interactions in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) to Its Modes of Inheritance and Etiology
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease whereby the antibodies produced by the B cells attack the host's own healthy tissues,
leading up to inflammations especially on tissues that made up the skin, kidney and joints. SLE is an example of a genetic disease due to gene
interactions. The definition of 'gene interactions' here is that more than one gene can cause the disease to be expressed in an individual. SLE is a
complex autoimmune genetic disease not only because it could arise from the interactions of many different genes, but also because these gene
interactions can contribute to either autosomal dominant ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This was detected due to a null mutation from base deletion in a gene called DNASE1L3 located on chromosome 3 in the six families. This finding is
supported by the fact that individuals with SLE are observed to be unable to remove DNA decays after their cells undergo apoptosis. This could
contribute to antibodies binding to the decaying DNA and breaks the decaying DNA down. Over time, the recognition of the antibodies to the
host's own DNA leads their ability to break down proteins encoded by the DNA [10]. This consequence can be lethal when it occurs onto cell
surface membrane proteins of cells involved in the immune system, which is the case in SLE. However, the above study only includes little
statistical sample i.e. only sample from six families are significant in producing the conclusion. More research with larger sample sizes should be
conducted in order to confirm the significance of the rare autosomal recessive mode of inheritance and the suggested pathogenesis of SLE. In fact,
there is another earlier research on the modes of inheritance of SLE in Saudi multiplex families conducted by similar researchers where they have
included a larger sample size (twenty five individuals with SLE) to determine the disease's mode of inheritance, which

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
This paper explores systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) a chronic illness prevalent in the geriatric population and how it relates to gerontological care
issues, health promotion of older adults, environmental influences, and preventative care. A gerontological care issue with SLE can range from lack of
knowledge to lack of implementation of appropriate treatment. Health promotion of the older adult is an ongoing process that should eventually allow
increased control over their health and an overall improvement in cases of SLE based on social and environmental intervention as well as individual.
Environmental influences are inclusive of independent and dependent living situations as well as direct and indirect contact when it comes to an elderly
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Once understood that aging is a natural process with various influencing factors all tied to the same needs the nurse can began to apply the nursing
process to the older populations. The gerontological nurse has to recognize that most human beings value health and that their role is to help people to
stay well, and overcome and cope with disease to restore function and purpose in their lives. The nurse must promote self–care in the elderly as part of
their plan of care to preserve and enhance independence. The managing principles must include taking advantage of opportunities to share knowledge
and skills related to care as well as educating others who play a role of the resource support in the older patient's life. Making conscious decisions and
efforts to experiment for an end result that improve gerontological practices guides the nurse to aide and advocate for rights of services to achieve
maximum benefits towards

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
INTRODUCTION: Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) is an autonomous disorder with a number of autoantibodies(double stranded DNA,ANA). It
causes inflammation diffusely through the body(skin, brain, kidneys,joints) and the blood. SLE has numerous abnormal blood tests associated with
it(anemia, anti–Sm, anti–phospholipid antibodies), but this is not the same thin as knowing what causes SLE. its cause is a mystery.The etiology of
SLE is unknown but multiple genetic, epigenetic, and environmental risk factors have been implicated. The inheritance of genes alone is not sufficient
for developing SLE, suggesting the influence of environmental triggers on disease expression. Despite the significant role of the environment in
modulating autoimmunity pathogenesis,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What should be done when you see someone with genes causing SLE? What is the high risk vs low risk factor causing SLE? How does the dietary
factor affect our immune system in causing SLE? How can we prevent them? I understand that experimental study is not possible in environmental
science. Observational studies can be done to prove above questions. Increasing dialog and collaboration between epidemiologists, biostatisticians,
bioinformatics experts, laboratory and environmental scientists, and lupus clinical researchers will advance our collective contributions to an
understanding of the causes of

Autoimmune Deficiencies Of Autoimmune Deficiency
Autoimmune Deficiencies are very complex and misunderstood diseases in the world today. Most people are uneducated and unaware of what these
diseases actually are and the trials people diagnosed with these illnesses face. Due to their lack of education there is also a lack of compassion
shown; causing an awkward, silent tension between people. Lupus is a subcategory of the Autoimmune Deficiencies. Those with this tend to be silent
about their struggle, causing it to be unnoticed in the world. However, there have been efforts made medically to give these people a true voice. In
order to give them a voice people must know what Lupus actually is, the causes and symptoms of it, and new research that can help improve the
quality of life for those who have the disease. Autoimmune Deficiency is a medical term used that means that a person's immune system literally attacks
and eats their issue. Their body does not know how to properly indicate the difference between healthy and unhealthy tissue so they produce antibodies
that completely eat both sets of tissue. Lupus performs the same function in a person's body, but it is a very hard disease to actually diagnose because
it can mimic various other diseases. It goes by the scientific name Systemic lupus erythematosus, with the common name Lupus being used in everyday
terms. This illness is one of chronic pain that can affect the body both inwardly and outwardly. Inwardly, the body `s immune system eats the issue and
can

Discussion. Cause. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Is Complex
Discussion
Cause
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is complex autoimmune disease caused by a combination of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. The body's
autoimmune cells fail to distinguish a diseased cell or foreign organism from its own healthy cells. Consequently, the autoimmune system attacks its
own cells causing inflammation in multiple systems including; the kidneys, skin, heart, lungs, hematopoetic, and nervous system.
An estimation of 20 – 100 different genetic factors make a person susceptible to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (UMMC, 2017, P.3). However, one
gene alone is not enough to cause the disease. Genetic factors may cause immunological defects that makes autoimmune cells inefficient in ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Symptoms & Diagnostic tests
Symptoms may manifest over a long period (months or years) or very rapidly. There is no specific order, number of symptoms, intensity, or time which
SLE symptoms may manifest.
Symptoms: Butterfly (malar) rash across cheeks and nose, skin rash (which appears as scaly raised red patches), photosensitivity, oral ulcers, arthritis
in two or more joints (joints will have tenderness and swelling but will not have become deformed), pleuritic, endocarditis, kidney disease and kidney
damage, severe neurologic disease such as seizures and/or psychosis, blood disorders including low red and white blood cell and platelet counts,
immunologic abnormalities (positive tests for anti–double stranded DNA (anti–dsDNA), anti–SM, anti–Ro, and anti–LA antibodies), and positive
antinuclear antibody (ANA) test.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of SLE is difficult. Autoimmune diseases are a group of related conditions that present similar symptoms. One autoimmune disease is
not a unique disease with its own unique symptoms, instead autoimmune diseases are a group of related conditions (see fig 2 and table2). Currently
there are no definite number of how many autoimmune diseases exist, however, there is a range of autoimmune diseases that varies from 80 to as
many as 120 (EHP,

Lupus also known as Lupus Erythematosus is a long standing autoimmune disease. In an autoimmune disease the body immune system attacks itself.
The inflammation that has develop by these attacks causes damage to the bodies tissue and organ. The frequently affected bodies tissue and organ are
the brain, joints, skin, kidney, heart, lung, and blood vessel. Nevertheless, this disease is difficult to assess due to the widespread of affected age
groups, ethnics, gender geography area and socioeconomic differences researcher and scientists cannot determine its origin. There is different form of
lupus and the most common is SLE or systemic Lupus Erythematosus which affect many parts of the body, Discoid lupus erythematosus that causes
skin rashes that doesn't go away, Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus causes skin sores on parts of the body that are exposed to sun, Drug ... Show
Lupus can also have similarity of other autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis's this also make it difficult to diagnosis. There is no specific
test that can determine if a person has lupus usually it test serval test and many months to diagnose. Physician my use medical history, complete
physical examine, blood test, and skin and kidney biopsy. One's diagnose it will take a team of specialty physicians such as Rheumatologist, for the
swelling joint Clinical immunologist to treat the immune system disorder, Nephrologist for the Kidney, Hematologist to treat the anemia, Dermatologist
to treat the skin, Cardiologist for heart and blood vessel problem, Endocrinologist for the hormonal issue Neurologist to treat the nervous system
problem, Psychologist and Social work. In addition, primary physician and the nurse to assist the patient with their care. These physicians will develop
a treatment plan that will design to the patient specific

Cause. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Is Complex Autoimmune
Cause
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is complex autoimmune disease caused by a combination of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. The body's
autoimmune cells fail to distinguish a diseased cell or foreign organism from its own healthy cells. Consequently, the autoimmune system attacks its
own cells, causing inflammation in multiple systems including; the kidneys, skin, heart, lungs, hematopoetic, and nervous system.
An estimation of 20 to 100 different genetic factors make a person susceptible to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (Simon, Harvery, and David Zieve 3).
However, one gene alone is not enough to cause the disease. Genetic factors may cause immunological defects that makes autoimmune cells inefficient
in clearing of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Symptoms & Diagnostic tests
Symptoms may manifest over a long period (months or years) or very rapidly. There is no specific order, number of symptoms, intensity, or time which
SLE symptoms may manifest.
Symptoms: Butterfly (malar) rash across cheeks and nose, skin rash (which appears as scaly raised red patches), photosensitivity, oral ulcers, arthritis
in two or more joints (joints will have tenderness and swelling but will not have become deformed), pleuritic, endocarditis, kidney disease and kidney
damage, severe neurologic disease such as seizures and/or psychosis, blood disorders including low red and white blood cell and platelet counts,
immunologic abnormalities (positive tests for anti–double stranded DNA (anti–dsDNA), anti–SM, anti–Ro, and anti–LA antibodies), and positive
antinuclear antibody (ANA) test.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of SLE is difficult. Autoimmune diseases are a group of related conditions that present similar symptoms. One autoimmune disease is
not a unique disease with its own unique symptoms. Instead autoimmune diseases are a group of related conditions (see fig 2 and table 2). Currently
there are no definite number of how many autoimmune diseases exist; however, there is a range of autoimmune diseases that varies from 80 to as

Research Paper On Lupus Erythematosus
Lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disease. An autoimmune disease occurs when the body's tissues are attacked by its own immune
system. Patients with lupus have unusual antibodies in their blood that are targeted against their own body tissues. An estimated 5 million people
worldwide have lupus disease, 70% of lupus cases diagnosed are systemic lupus erythematosus, 20% of people with lupus will have a parent who
already has lupus or may develop lupus, about 5% of the children born to individuals with lupus will develop the illness, SLE is a chronic autoimmune
disease that can affect almost any organ system. Beside, in Vietnam, the ratio of female/male is 14/1. The cause is not entirely clear.[1] It is believed
to involve hormonal,

The Survival Rate Of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
SLE is an autoimmune disease that is more common in women versus men. Ninety–six percent of SLE cases are in women, whereas only four percent
of SLE cases occur in men. The survival rate of systemic lupus erythematosus has improved due to many factors such as earlier diagnosis, better
management of disease and prevention of organ damage. Despite these advances in care, the life expectancy of patients with SLE remains, lower than
the general population. SLE may also be associated with an increased prevalence of cervical cancer and other cancers thereby shortening their life
spans. Cervical cancer is caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) and is an important cause of morbidity in women. Cervical cancer is the second
most common malignancy in women worldwide and despite recent discoveries in vaccines; it remains a problem in developing third world countries.
Studies have indicated that HPV infections and cervical cancers are increased in patients with systemic inflammatory diseases most importantly with
systemic lupus erythematosus. This increase in HPV infections and transforming infections could be due to either SLE itself or to the
immunosuppressive treatments that are given to patients with autoimmune diseases. Studies have shown that immunosuppressed women with HIV
have increase chance of developing cervical cancer. Mendoza et al found that levels of B cell lymphocytes and natural killer cells were lower in SLE
patients who were under immunosuppressive therapy

Symptoms And Treatment Of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
PSYCHOSIS IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: A REVIEW
Abstract
Key words – Lupus, Psychosis, SLE, NP SLE, steroids, reversible
INTRODUCTION
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease of multifactorial etiology that can affect many organs and
systems (Sato, 2002).
The studies show a higher prevalence in women (approximately 90% of cases), especially during childbearing years, i.e. between 15 and 45 years of
age; more common in women of black ethnicity than in Caucasian ones at a ratio of 3:1 , but it can occur in all ethnic groups and geographic regions
(BonfГЎ, 2011).
The central nervous system is often affected by this disease, causing neurological and/or psychiatric symptoms. Psychiatric syndromes in patients with
SLE include a variety of psychiatric findings causing chronic disabilities (Jarpa, 2011).
SLE may cause a wide range of neurological and psychiatric symptoms including those due to central, peripheral and autonomic nervous system and
different psychiatric syndromes. In 1999, the ACR developed a standardized nomenclature system for the NP syndromes of SLE for the purposes of
classification and reporting (The American College of Rheumatology, 1997; 1999). It distinguishes three subsets of syndromes: psychiatric disorders,
cognitive deficits and acute confusional states; neurological syndromes of the CNS and neurological syndromes of the peripheral nervous system (The
American College of Rheumatology, 1997; 1999). Anxiety,

Lupusnephritis (LN) Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory disease, immune–complex–mediated multi–systemic autoimmune
condition of multifactorial etiology (Mak and Tay 2014). LN is an inflammatory condition affecting the kidneys which is caused by SLE, an
autoimmune disease that is more common among women. About half of all people with SLE develop lupus nephritis, and of these about 1/10
experience chronic kidney disease or kidney failure (Henderson et al. 2012). Epidemiology of Lupus nephritis: Childhood–onset systemic lupus
erythematosus (cSLE) is a rare but severe autoimmune disease with multisystem involvement, the incidence is 0.3/100000–0.9/100000 children–per
year with a prevalence of 3.3/100000–8.8/100000 withhigher frequency in Asians, African Americans, Hispanics, and native Americans where
Median age of onset of cSLE is between 11 and 12 years (rare below 5 years), and 80% of patients are female (Sinha and Raut 2014). cSLE follows a
more severe disease course than adult–onset SLE, with higher morbidity and lower survival rates (Levy and Kamphuis 2012). LN is a major cause of
morbidity and mortality in SLE patients (Saxena et al. 2011). 60% of lupus patients will develop clinically LN at some time in the course of their
illness (Appel et al. 2007). The incidence and prevalence of LN are variable depending on the studied population. The LN cumulative incidence is
higher in people of Asian (55%), African (51%), and Hispanic (43%),

General Description Of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
General Description
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, SLE, is a chronic inflammatory disease that occurs when the body's immune system attacks its own tissue and organs.
Inflammation can affect many different body systems including joints, skin, kidneys, blood cells, brain, heart, and lungs. Lupus can be difficult to
diagnose because the signs and symptoms, and a physical examination lead to a diagnosis. A facial rash across both cheeks resembling wings of
butterfly is the most distinctive sign of lupus that occurs in many but not all cases. There is no cure for lupus and only treatments that can help control
symptoms.
Pathophysiology
The inflammation caused by lupus can affect many areas of the body. It can cause serious kidney damage and... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The bone most commonly affected is the hip. Women with lupus have an increased risk of having a miscarriage. The risk of highblood pressure known
as preeclampsia during pregnancy and preterm birth increases with lupus. Doctors recommend delaying pregnancy until the disease has been under
control for at least six months to reduce these complications. Lupus results from a combination of genetics and environment. Inherited predisposition
may develop the disease after contact with triggers. The cause for most cases is unknown. Potential triggers include sunlight, infections, and
medications. Sun exposure may bring on lupus skin lesions or trigger an internal response. An infection can initiate lupus or cause a relapse in some
people. Certain types of anti–seizure medications, blood pressure medications and antibiotics can trigger lupus. The symptoms of those with
drug–induced lupus will go away once they stop taking the medication. Lupus is more common in women, African–Americans, Hispanics, and Asians
and most often diagnosed between the ages of 15 and 40.
Symptoms
Blood and urine tests combined with signs and symptoms and a physical examination lead to a diagnosis. The most distinctive sign of lupus that
occurs in many but not all cases is a facial rash across both cheeks resembling the wings of a butterfly. The most common signs and symptoms include:
fatigue and fever,

Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus And Ankylosing...
Hypo–vitaminosis D in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Ankylosing Spondylitis
Mohamed Ismail Abdel Kareem1, Reem Hamdy A Mohammed2*, Hanan Sayed M Abozaid3, Mohamed Moneer Rayanv4, Abeer Mohamed
Mohamed5 and Nihal Ahmad Fathi6
1Rheumatology and Rehabiltation, Al–Azhar Faculty of Medicine Assuit Egypt
2Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Kasr Alaini School of Medicine Cairo University Hospital, Cairo Egypt
3Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt
4Rheuamtology and Physical Medicine, Al–Azhar faculty of medicine Assuit, Egypt
5Clinical Pathology, Faculty of medicine Sohag University, Egypt
6Rheumatology and Rehabiltation, Assuit University, Egypt
Corresponding Author : Reem Hamdy A MohammedRheumatology and Rehabilitation Kasr Alaini School of Medicine Cairo University Hospital,
Cairo Egypt
Tel: +20–2–23641088
E–mail: rmhamdy@yahoo.com
Received:August 14, 2015 Accepted: October 28, 2015 Published: October 30, 2015
Citation: Kareem MIA, Mohammed RHA, Abozaid HSM, Rayan MM, Mohamed AM, et al. (2015) Hypo–vitaminosis D in Patients with Rheumatoid
Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Ankylosing Spondylitis. J Clin Cell Immunol 6:369. doi:10.4172/2155–9899.1000369
Copyright: © 2015 Kareem MIA, et al. This is an open–access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which
permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

Lupus Erythematosus Case Study
Lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease that affects the connective tissue of the body. The course of disease is variable and unpredictable, with
episodes of remission and relapse. Only a small percentage of patients (10%) have long–lasting remissions. Lupus takes two forms. Systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem inflammatory disease that affects any body system but primarily the musculoskeletal, cutaneous, renal, nervous,
and cardiovascular systems. Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is a less serious form of the disease that primarily affects the skin. DLE is
characterized by skin lesions of the face, scalp, and ears. Long–standing lesions can cause scarring, hypopigmentation, and redness. Only 5% to 10% of
patients with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Teach the female patient the importance of planning pregnancies with medical supervision because pregnancy is likely to cause an exacerbation of the
disease. Discuss all precipitating factors that need to be avoided, including fatigue, vaccination, infections, stress, surgery, certain drugs, and exposure to
ultraviolet light. Teach the patient how to minimize ultraviolet exposure. Teach the patient to avoid strenuous exercise, instead striving for a balance.
Stress the importance of adequate nutrition. Small, frequent meals may be better tolerated. Any cosmetics should be approved by the physician and
should be hypoallergenic. Encourage the patient to contact the Arthritis Foundation, the Lupus Foundation, and other appropriate support groups that
are available in the

Lupus : Causes And Effects On The Human Body
Lupus: The Cause and Effects on the Human Body Lupus Erythematosus, or Lupus, is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes the human body to
attack itself. Autoimmune (meaning "self" immune) diseases result in the body being unable to distinguish between foreign threats and the body's
healthy tissues. Lupus has the potential to range from a mild aesthetic inconvenience to a life–threatening ailment. There is believed to be about five
million people worldwide who are living with a form of Lupus (Ginzler & Tayar, 2015). While being a disease that transcends time, gender, age
and ethnicity, significant medical progress was not made until the mid 20th century. Discovery and Scientific Progress According to the Lupus
Foundation of America (2015), the history of Lupus as an acknowledged disease can be divided into three time periods: the classical, neoclassical,
and the modern periods. The Classical Period has been traced back as early as 1200 A.D and extended through the mid 1800's. It is largely
characterized by the development of physical descriptions of Lupus as it manifested in patients. In the context of the disease, the word "lupus" was
first used in the thirteenth century by a doctor by the name of Rogerius as a way to describe the lesions he found on people's skin (Lahita, 2010).
"Lupus" is the latin word for wolf, as wolf bites were the best comparison to the lesions at the time. The Neoclassical Period of Lupus history began in
1872 when Austrian dermatology student

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Case Studies
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by unusual autoantibodies in the blood that target
tissues of the body. While in the past a diagnosis of SLE often suggested a decreased life span due to internal organ system involvement or to toxic
effects of therapy, recent improvements in research have dramatically enhanced the survival of SLE patients with the most severe and life–threatening
symptoms. Unfortunately, treatments for SLE remain inadequate as many patients have incompletely controlled disease, progression to end stage
organ involvement continues, and current therapies carry potential risks of debilitating side effects. Therefore, it is important to create an environment
that will... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
You may be able to prevent flare–ups of the illness by avoiding exposure to the sun as much as possible and using sunscreen when you are in the sun.
"The best thing you can do is live a healthy lifestyle," says Ellen Ginzler, MD, a professor of medicine and chief of rheumatology at State University
of New York Downstate Medical Center, in New York City. "Stay active, eat a healthy diet, stay out of the sun, and don't smoke." (Illiades, 2015).
Flare ups can also be prevented by staying on schedule with medications and not missing

System Lupus Erythematosus Case
1)What condition is the monoclonal antibody designed to treat?
Ustekinumab is a monoclonal antibody that is designed to treat immune mediated inflammation disoreders. Examples of these disorders are Psoriasis,
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Ankylosing Spondylitis, and Crohn's Disease. All these disorders are examples of inflammatory problem due to either
the over stimulation of interlukeins protein or the body sees itself as a foreign matter and it attacks itself as the result. In the case of System Lupus
Erythematosus the immune system attack major organs in the body, making it life threating for patients.
2)What is the specific target of the Ab and how does the treatment work to control the condition?
To answer this question, we have

Essay On Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
It's surprising when the body immune attacks its own body immune system instead of defending from disease. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is
one of the diseases that attacked by the body immune system: how the immune system begins attacking its own body was unknown. According to a
recent research finding in Temple University School of Medicine (TUSM), lupus disease has been caused by bacterial communities in the gut or
biofilm. "TUSM researchers Г‡agla TГјkel, PhD, and Stefania Gallucci, MD, show how bacterial biofilms found in the gut cause the onset of lupus in
lupus–prone mice" (Science Daily). Bacterial communities or biofilm buildup protein called an amyloids curli. Curli amyloids and DNA established
strong bonds in the biofilm and when researchers use different methods such as enzymes and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I know about biofilms in dental plaque that decalcification of the tooth enamel and causing dental cavities, but in our digestive system I wasn't
imagined since our digestive system considered sterilized. The July 6's, article "Bacterial Biofilms May Play a Role in Lupus" on Science Daily
news report drew my attention because of the "Bacterial biofilm" and "Lupus" being associating together and written in one sentence. I was thrilled to
find out the actual cause of lupus. I found TUSM researchers Г‡agla TГјkel, PhD, and Stefania Gallucci, MD current research topic interested related
to lupus: how bacterial populations communicate and build up bonds and disrupting individual's normal life. Even though we have discussed in detail
and do some experiments about bacterial growth and environmental influences such as PH, oxygen, in class, I wasn't understand the exact cause of
SLE since we have not discussed in detail in class thus this article helped me to understand better about the dangerousness of biofilm and the cause of
SEL

"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is a chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the body's own structures"
(Beattie, 2013). This means that the disease that has a slower onset, but it also has a long–term effect and the signs and symptoms will be continuous.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) can affect the entire body or any organ in the body, including: the kidneys, swelling of the joints, affecting the
blood vessels and the skin.
ETIOLOGY
SLE is idiopathic, which means that the cause of the disease is unknown. It is linked to having several factors that can effect it. For example, genetics,
environmental factors, and gender and/or hormones. "The disease is not linked to a certain gene, but people with lupus often have family members
with other autoimmune conditions. There may be environmental triggers like ultraviolet rays, certain medications, a virus, physical or emotional
stress, and trauma. SLE affects more women than men. Women also experience worsening of symptoms duringpregnancy and with their menstrual
periods. Both of these observations have led some medical professionals to believe that the female hormone estrogen may play a role in causing SLE.
However, more research is still needed to prove this theory" (Herndon, n.d.). Our patient's causes are unknown of why he has Systemic Lupus. We do
know through patient history a previous family member does have an autoimmune disease. Also, from his frequent sun exposure he has developed a
skin rash on his extremities and face. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The most common signs of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus are (DiGeronimo,

Lupus 's Symptoms Associated With Lupus
Imagine you have a normal life, a simple nine to five job, relax afterwards by going out with some friends or staying in to do some tidying up.
Everything is easy and nothing is holding you back. Now, imagine doing all those same things while being in pain or with a visible rash across your
face. You call out more often, have a hard time focusing on simple tasks such as cleaning, and socialize less often. This has become your new normal.
Unfortunately, this is the crushing reality for those who suffer from the chronic symptoms associated with lupus. In the information to follow, it will
discuss what lupus is and what it's symptoms are, how to diagnose and treat lupus, and what can be done to live as normal a life as possible. The... Show
Although, DILE may arise months or years after exposure to certain drugs for various medical conditions. Some of these drugs include
minocycline, hydralazine, and procainamide. At the end of the day, though, there is no clear reason why lupus develops. While lupus may not be
that common, it still affects more people each year. About 5 out of every 1000 people have been diagnosed with lupus and around 4 out of those 5
are women of color. Nearly 1.5 million americans are affected with more than 16,000 new cases being reported each year across the country. It is
most common to hit people between the ages of 15 and 44, mostly affecting women, though men can develop the disease as well. There is a wide
variety of symptoms, the most distinguishable being a butterfly shaped rash across your face. Lupus also causes achy and swollen joints, mouth and
nose sores, and unexplained fever. Some people with lupus also suffer from inflammation of the linings of the heart and lungs causing pain when
breathing, which is often misdiagnosed as simply pleurisy. Although pleurisy is a symptom, some doctors may not delve deeper into the cause of it
and just try to treat only the inflammation. Raynaud's Phenomenon is also a common symptom, this is when the body doesn't send enough blood to the
hands and feet which causes the fingers and toes to be pale or

Summary Of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Pathophysiology of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a genetic disorder. SLE is a type III hypersensitivity or an autoimmune hypersensitivity (VanMeter, K. C.,
PhD, & Hubert, R. J., BS, 2014). Meaning that the body is attacking itself. In SLE a large number of autoantibodies circulate through the body
(VanMeter, K. C., PhD, & Hubert, R. J., BS, 2014). These autoantibodies are deposited into the connective tissue all over the body (VanMeter, K. C.,
PhD, & Hubert, R. J., BS, 2014). These autoantibodies activate the complement system and cause inflammation and necrosis of the tissue that the
autoantibodies are near (VanMeter, K. C., PhD, & Hubert, R. J., BS, 2014). This usually takes place in many systems in the body. In order to be
diagnosed at least four body systems have to be affected.
Author's Research Focus The researcher decided to research this for two main reasons. The first reason was to gain a better ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
My grandmother died of Lupus when I was very little so researching the disease has always interested me. I will be very interested to see if in my
nursing career if new medications are established to help with SLE. Also, because SLE is genetic I will be very interested to see if they come up
with some sort of genetic testing to be done. If genetic testing is established for SLE I would be very interested in working as a nurse in that area.
Throughout my nursing career I will always be interested and I will try to stay up to date on any new research done on SLE. If I ever saw myself
going towards the career of research as a nurse I would want to help research SLE. I am so excited for these new findings. This new research may be
able to prevent people with SLE from having such a premature death. I hope that in my nursing career I come across new medications to help with
SLE. These medications may even come about from this

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Analysis
The American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and the Georgia Council on Lupus Education and Awareness (GCLEA) partnered to increase
community awareness on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and to further educate lupus patients throughout the underserved region of southwest
Georgia. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, the most common form of lupus, is an autoimmune disease that causes the immune system to attack needed
body tissues ("Lupus," 2018). This specific type of lupus affects major functions of the body including the brain, lungs, skin, and kidneys. Lupus is
commonly difficult to diagnose in humans due to its vague symptoms that mimic the symptoms of other major conditions ('Lupus," 2017). Presently,
researchers are unaware of the origins ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, a similar study conducted by Samuel G. Burgiss, et. al (1997) has been conducted regarding telemedicine and dermatology patients from
rural communities. The objectives of the studies are similar being that they both aim to afford an alternative method of care to patients who cannot
easily access healthcare from their rural communities. The social determinants of health play a major role in how readily people can access healthcare,
and researchers identified this gap in rural communities. Through this study, 87 patients were seen via telemedicine for a 17–month period (Burgiss et.
al, 1997). The study confirms that telemedicine is a cost effective and resourceful option for patients who cannot easily access health care for necessary
routine check–ups. Although the two conditions are dissimilar, the outward goals and the expected results are similar to that of the Telemedicine
Project. This study reassures the importance of the telemedicine project because there are also lupus patients from low income, rural communities like
southwest Georgia who lack the resources to obtain efficient

Are Autoimmune Diseases Killing You?
Are Autoimmune Diseases Killing You? The innate/adaptive immune systems are supposed to protect you– what happens when they strike back?
Autoimmune diseases: The Immune system is provided by the body to keep the human system healthy, and virus/bacteria free. Autoimmune diseases
occur when a T lymphocyte cell escapes the lymphoid and mistakes an organ/system/tissue for a virus, this rogue T cell than instructs B lymphocytes
cells to develop antibodies. These special antibodies are known as 'autoantibodies' (special blood proteins that target the individual's body parts).
Autoimmune diseases are supposedly triggered, this is a broad group ranging from being inherited or viruses/hormones.
Currently there is approx. 80 different types of autoimmune diseases globally, then broadly grouped into two categories 'organ specific' (where the
diseases effects one particular body part) and 'non–organ specific' (where no one organ is targeted, but maybe an entire system). One in twenty people
are diagnosed with an autoimmune disease, however depending on the disease the number increases example a rare disease may affect one in a million
people.
What is the impact?
Autoimmune diseases are a huge health issue in Australia and New Zealand. The negative effects can be quite severe, depending on the disease. A
sample of the diseases listed are:
Diabetes (type 1)
Graves' disease
Inflammatory bowel disease
Multiple sclerosis
Scleroderma
Lupus Erythematosus
Lupus has a huge

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Essay
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Symptoms
SLE is manifested through many different symptoms because it can affect different organs. Initially present usually general symptoms such as weight
loss , exhaustion , fever , swollen lymph nodes and skin rashes that can appear gradually or suddenly. After some time also they tend to be pain in
multiple joints.
If there are more of the following symptoms, you should consult a doctor to evaluate if you suffer from systemic lupus erythematosus:
Skin : systemic lupus erythematosus typically manifests as a skin redness of the face in the form of butterfly (erythema). This intensifies erythema
with exposure to UV radiation (sunlight). SLE can also cause visible rashes on other parts of the body. Those affected generally have a high
photosensitivity. The disease presents with other symptoms such as irreversible hair loss ( alopecia areata ),inflammation of the vessels small skin (
vasculitis ) with minor bleeding around the nails or inflammation of the oral mucosa. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This symptom, which also appears though with less intensity in healthy individuals, occurs in many diseases of the connective tissue (connective
tissue), including systemic lupus erythematosus is.
Joints : morning pains are common for small and large joints (arthralgia), sometimes with inflammation ( artriris ). Unlike rheumatic diseases, SLE
does not usually accompanied by damage to the cartilage and deformation. Typically, even after several years, X–rays show no bone changes. Systemic
lupus erythematosus is also manifested by muscle aches (myalgia).
Organs and lymph nodes of the abdominal cavity : SLE is characterized by the activation and involvement of the immune system . The reaction of the
body causes an enlargement of the lymph nodes, liver and spleen. Also inflammation of the peritoneum (peritonitis) may cause abdominal

Chronic and Infectious Disease Paper
Chronic and Infectious Diseases Paper
Chronic disease is a fight that many fight each day. Some argue that chronic disease can be prevented with good healthy obtained through a good diet
and exercise. Individuals should seek out a doctor when he or she wants to obtain good health. Each person definition of good health would be
different because his and her levels of protein, carbohydrates, fiber and fats will be different. This paper identify characteristics of chronic disease,
Examine the relationship between a healthy nutritional program and cardiovascular disease, Describe the effects of chronic and infectious diseases on
the immune system, and Explain how exercise can affect the body's immune system.
Chronic diseases are diseases of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Pathogens can quickly change and adjust to escape detection and destruction by the immune system. Therefore, several defense mechanisms have too
changed to identify and neutralize pathogens. Disorders of the immune system can cause autoimmune disease, inflammatory diseases, and cancer.
Immunodeficiency appears when the immune system is less functioning than normal, causing in recurrent and life threatening infections.
Immunodeficiency may be an effect of inherited disease passed down. Autoimmunity happens from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal
tissue believing they are foreign organisms. Some familiar autoimmune diseases are hashimoto's thyroiditis, diabetes mellitus type 1, systemic lupus
erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis.
Research show that exercise and a good diet make the immune system strong. However, there are studies that reveal that overly forceful exercise can
lessen immunity and may make individuals ill. The human nation is subjected to viruses on a daily base, and some seem more vulnerable to catching
the cold or flu. Consequently the average adult has two to three upper respiratory infections a year. Some turn to his or her doctor when coming down
with the cold or flu. Evidence show that sensible, consistent exercise defends the body from catching the cold and flu, and produces a healthy

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is an autoimmune disorder that cause the body to attack its own connective tissue. The diseases effects patients
largely in the skin and is thought to be named after the fact that some patients have rashes that resemble a wolf. Lupus also is a disease that is
uncommon, appearing in 0.1% of the population and a 9:1 ratio in retrospect of women to men who have the disease. A study of the disease was done
by the university of Iowa in 2006 that compared the levels of protein in the blood of patients with Lupus to that of patients who didn't. To go further,
there were 30 participants in the trial and half of those thirty were patients without Lupus.
In the study, blood samples were taken from each person and then the liquid components of blood were taken out. This allowed the researches to
measure the 160 different analytes in blood serum. Out of those 160, the researchers found that 30 analytes or 19% of the total number of possible
were either in higher or lower abundance in patients with Lupus. This allowed the scientists involved in the study to realize that people with Lupus
have a very different process of signalling within the immune system in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The study also helped me to get a better understanding of the way treatment for the disease was done and how much of the population was affected by
it. Before reading about the study, I had thought that the disease was much more common. This is due to having read a little about before and hearing
my Step Father talk about it from time to time when I asked about diseases that effect the skin. The idea that the disease causes your own body to
attack its connective tissues was news to me, but the fact that although there is now known cure for the disease we can still help treat the symptoms
that patients have is

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease. The cause of the disease is unknown is still unknown today. Some researchers would
lean it being caused by genetics being, that it mostly effects Asians and African Americans and is more prevalent in women than in men. Systemic
Lupus Erythematosus disease causes the body's immune system to attack the healthy tissues accidently. It can affect the joints, skin, kidneys, brain, and
other organs. Although, certain drugs can cause Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus can unknowingly happen at any age.
Studies show that it appears mostly between the ages of 15–44. In the United States the reported prevalence of SLE is 20 to 150 cases per 100,000.
Symptoms can vary between each ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hair loss.
Mouth sores.
Sensitivity to sunlight.
Majority of people with SLE have joint pain and swelling that develops into arthritis. SLE patients often a have problems with use of their fingers,
hands, wrists, and knees.
To be diagnosed with lupus, you must have 4 out of 11 signs of the disease. Some of the test that are use are the following:
Antinuclear antibody (ANA)
CBC with differential
Chest x–ray
Serum creatinine
Urinalysis
There is no cure for SLE but there is treatment to control symptoms. The Disease may be treated with:
NSAIDs for joint symptoms and pleurisy.
Low doses of corticosteroids, such as prednisone, for skin and arthritis symptoms.
Corticosteroid creams for skin rashes.
Hydroxychloroquine, a drug also used to treat malaria.
Belimumab
There are also support groups and counseling that can help with emotional issues. It's also important for people with lupus to:
Wear protective clothing, sunglasses, and sunscreen when in the sun.
Get preventive heart care.
Stay up–to–date with immunizations.

Have tests to screen for thinning of the bones (osteoporosis).
Avoid tobacco and drink minimal amounts of

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research Paper

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