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Graydon Schunkewitz
Professor Latourette
April 15, 2014
Pharmaceutical Industry Pharmaceutical needs have been a part of everyday human life ever since we have walked on this Earth. It is a need that is
demanded each and every day by different people, for various medical conditions. It is incredible how the medicine today differs from the ones back
then, including the way it was advertised and the process of it being made. In the nineteenth century, pharmaceutical companies used marketing tools
through advertisements directly from the consumer to producer, usually through newspaper ads. Originating in England, patented medicines made their
way across to America in the 18th century. A lot of the times these medicines contained... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This needed to be addressed immediately due to the amounts of different "prescription" drugs that were on the street at that time. This is when the
American Medical Association was organized. Starting in 1847, the goals of this organization were to improve the image of medicine and begin to
gain control over physicians and their qualifications. Between the years 1800–1840, the quality of education in the medical field declined due to the
fact that traditional four year programs were replaced by training in medical colleges. The only issue with this is that once you graduated you were
licensed, but the qualifications of each physician varied so widely that there was a motion to have a national conference in order to discuss and
improve the American medical education. An important document that came out of these conferences is the Code of Ethics that was infused with the
American Medical Association. This Code of Ethics consisted of three chapters. The first, was the "the Duties of Physicians to Their Patients, and of
the Obligations of Patients to their Physician." Second was "Of the Duties of Physicians to Each Other and to the Profession at Large." And finally,
chapter 3 was "Of the Duties of the Profession to the Public, and of the Obligations of the Public to the Profession." The code seemed to
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Why I Am A Cold
It's been down pouring all day in the city and the past two days. This cold wet weather could get the best of some of the healthiest bodies.
Unfortunately, despite my best efforts to stay healthy, I get a cold. This isn't your ordinary three day cold, but instead a very long week of staying
inside resting. Runny nose, sinus congestion, and many hours of self prescribed bed and pillow has me dreading going to school and even worse,
work. I'm not usually the one to go to a doctor but after many hours of pressuring advice from my family I caved in. Going to the doctor to find out
something I already know isn't usually my approach to getting better. Sorry to say it but I would like to think I'm like most men and would much rather
weather the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
No pharmacist would ever risk their pharmacy license to fill a prescription that comes from a shady piece of paper that has been separated into
pieces. Unfortunately my doctor only wrote out his prescriptions by hand for his patients instead of sending prescriptions directly to the drug store.
There was no use for me to go back to his office and ask for another copy. Besides, that was the last thing I wanted to do at that time. I felt overwhelmed
and did not want to be bothered so I grabbed a bottle of over–the–counter nighttime medicine, a good movie, candy, and some other items useless to my
illness and head home to self medicate.
No matter what field you choose, innovation is the one thing that each field must have to stay up–to–date with the digital age. Innovation is a key part
of how a field excels in changing environments compared to fields that stay the same. No matter how big or small the progression may be, it's one
step ahead of competition and the needs of its consumers. Educational and technological innovation has helped improve the medical field for a long
time. There is a major innovation coming to the pharmacy field that will propel the field further, similar to previous innovations of its past. The world
has come a long way from crushing compounds with stones or grinding different herbs to create the next big drug compound. Innovation in education
and technology has propelled the field of pharmacy into a new era of medical care. It is

Aft2 Task 1
Accreditation Audit
4 June 2015
Contents Executive Summary3 Compliance Status3 Plan For Compliance3 Provider and staff education4 Care team communication4 Patient
Discharge Education4 Justification5 Works Cited6
Executive Summary
The purpose of this report is to summarize, analyze and evaluate the compliance status of Nightingale Hospital to Joint Commission requirements. This
report will focus on medication management, specifically anticoagulation therapy and the patient and staff education associated with it. In an effort to
maintain the highest quality of care for our patients, we must continue to work towards a reduction in adverse anticoagulation related events. This will
involve proper pre–discharge ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Education of staff must also be started in the onboarding process and be verified on a yearly basis through auditable staff education methods.
Care team communication
It is imperative that all members of the care team are able to quickly and accurately communicate the patients' condition and needs to other members of
the care team. Proper communication allows for better monitoring of the patients' condition and allows the providers and pharmacists to more
accurately assess the patients' treatment needs. The implementation of electronic medical records (EMR), as Nightingale Hospital is currently
researching, has been shown to greatly improve care team communication and patient outcomes by allowing easy, verifiable access to all the patients'
records. Implementation of an EMR system will provide a necessary foundation for a great improvement in staff and provider communication, resulting
in improved outcomes for all patients, including those undergoing anticoagulation therapy. Specifically regarding anticoagulation therapy, EMR will
allow other care team members, including other nurses, providers and pharmacists' one place to look for patient histories, allergies, lab and other
results and monitor, potential drug interactions and adjust medication levels with regard to patient specific needs. EMR will also allow for more
accurate medication administration through

Leg 500 Assignment 4 Week 10
LEGAL AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS 4 RUNNING HEAD: LEGAL AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN MARKETING, PRODUCT
SAFETY AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
LEGAL AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN MARKETING, PRODUCT SAFETY ANDINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
[Student Name]
[Instructor's Name]
[Date]
[Course Name]
Introduction
This paper is concern with legal and ethical issues in advertising, marketing, regulations and intellectual property of product safety with respect to
PharmaCARE which is a pharmaceutical company. The paper includes the information regarding drug companies, Direct to Consumers (DTC)
marketing. Next we will ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Secondly, it reduces the time for patient's evaluation. Due to DTC, drug companies are rarely encouraged to research and evaluate the effect of drugs
on patients. The companies do not research enough to evaluate the side effects of drugs before the drug administration. This will cause crucial
damages to patient's health. Same is the case facing by PharmaCARE who had to face negative consequences of drugs because the company was
having lack of research before administrating the drug. Due to direct marketing, patents do not feel the need for taking doctor opinion and take
self–treatment which sometime cause risk to patients life. 3. Determine the parties responsible for regulating compounding pharmacies under the
current regulatory scheme, the actions that either these parties or the FDA could / should have taken in this scenario, and whether PharmaCARE could
face legal exposure surrounding its practices. Support your response.
Compounding pharmacies are the third category of pharmaceuticals. This is concerned with the distribution of specified drugs such as the drugs whose
milligrams are not produced. Compounding pharmacies are used in most cases for the production of drugs related to allergies and coloring agents
which contain particular amount of substance in tablets. Compounding must be licensed to maintain drug standards. The state board usually does this.
In US, FDA is the party assisting the preparation, packaging,

Acquisition Of Medco Containment Services Inc.
IntroductionMergers and acquisitions occur because executives from both the acquirer and target companies see the large amount of value that will
result with a conjugation of each company's assets. The acquisition will allow for the emergence of new identities and properties. Mergers and
related acquisitions have occurred in a series of outbreaks. Recently, the pharmaceutical industry is seeing a rush of new mergers and acquisitions
because of a combination of investor pressure and a narrowing window of opportunity. The reason for this current pattern is due to the fact that
pharmaceutical companies and their associated board of directors believe that acquisitions are the clear way to grow revenues. The Merck Company's
acquisition of Medco as a pharmacy benefit manager are pursuing to increase their customer size and negotiating power, while developing new ways to
serve customers. This acquisition will insert Merck within the trending consolidation of pharmaceutical benefit managers and drug suppliers, as this
industry is becoming more than just an administrator and negotiator. This report analyses the acquisition of Medco Containment Services Inc. by
Merck & Company, the largest drug manufacturer. Furthermore, the analysis will cover the major benefits of the acquisition such as value generation,
market share, and customer acquisition through economies of scale.
Merck & Company Merck & Co. is the largest drug manufacturer and provides global pharmaceutical

Leadership and Management Implementation Plan and Paper
Leadership and Management Implementation Plan and Paper Rose West
Grand Canyon University: HLT 313V
March 8, 2015
Leadership and Management Plan
As an allied health leader one is required to know, implement, and evaluate the compliance of the organization. In this paper I will identify an area
that is listed on the organization's report card that can be developed. I will describe the procedures of the plan, and the expectations and possible
obstacles this plan may have.
Purpose of the Plan
In researching areas of our local hospital that needed improvement, I found the area of medication explanation to patient's needs improvement. The
report states that 53% of the patients do not always get an explanation as to why they ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I feel it would take a few weeks to get this plan implemented only because it would be a change for hospital staff and we all know at time that
changes take time to get them going and all staff following new procedures. Staff would have to take the extra few minutes to explain why a
medication is being given. But, on the other hand they would only have to explain it once not every single time a dose was given and the patient
would have a record of the medication they are taking. The personnel involved in my plan would be the hospital pharmacist or IT department to send
down or make available to nursing staff handouts or database available to access on each medication that is being administered to each patient while
being hospitalized.
Expectations and Obstacles
My expectations from implementing this action would be that more patients are aware of why a medication is being administered to them and what
reactions could possibly happen. In addition I feel that doing so would help element medication distribution errors. The printing of medications being
administered would have an increase on the budget due to the paper cost and ink as well as time of staff. Some obstacles that I feel may occur is that
with the shortage of hospital staff is that they would not want to take the extra time to explain to each and every patient why they are being given a
certain medication. However, implementing a medication awareness program to

Business Research Analysis
Business Research Ethics
Danielle Dunnivant
RES/351
March 30, 2014
Harold Graff
Case of Unethical Behavior in Pharmacy
One of the most trusted health professional roles is that of a pharmacist. Unique to their profession they are faced with an array of ethical challenges. A
Pharmacist is like a gatekeeper to drugs which give and take life. It is known of some pharmacies to even put their customers health and their
well–being above any profits the pharmacy could make. However, there are some that do not, and when this occurs, and profits are all that's seen, the
results can become tragic.
The New York Times reported... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These conversations include such topics as dietary supplements, herbs, and homeopathic products. This unethical behavior can be avoided by when
pharmacist in America discourage inappropriate practices and purchasing inappropriate products? Do you think that will ever happen? I believe that it
can pharmacist are expected to be professional and knowledgeable about the drugs they are dispensing. They are to dispense them in a responsible and
ethical manner. I realize that their income also depends on the sale of their products. However it is still ethical to attempt to protect their customer's
from wasting their money on products that do not or will not work for them. This unethical behavior has given pharmacist a bad name in many
instances. Hopefully we will continue to see more honest pharmacist operating in America.
References

New York Times "Toxic Pharmacist 2002
Kessler, DA, (March 3, 1998)
Stephen Barrett
FFDA (Public Health Advisory, January 16, 2008)
Bouts, BA, (November 25, 2005)
[pic]
CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITYвЂЁI certify that the attached paper is my original work. I am familiar with, and acknowledge my responsibilities
which are part of, the University of Phoenix
Student Code of Academic Integrity. I affirm that any section of the paper which has been submitted previously is attributed and cited as such, and

Drug Reactions Of The Elderly Population Greater Than 65...
Polypharmacy is an emerging problem that has drastically increased in the past 20 years (Alpert, 2015). This is a huge problem in the elderly
population greater than 65 years old because this group is more likely to have been diagnosed with multiple conditions that require many different
medications. Other reasons include the increasing availability of newer medications that treat more than one condition, the elderly who are known to
be on multiple pills a day, and providers prescribing more than one drug to aggressively treat chronic conditions (Alpert, 2015). About 44% of men
and 57% of women greater than 65 years of age take five or more medications in a week, about 10% of both men and women take more than ten pills
each week (Woodruff, 2010). The main concern about having the elderly on so many medications at once is the chance of adverse drug reactions from
potential drug interactions. They can be on both prescribed medications and over the counter medications, vitamins, or supplements. The most common
over the counter medications that often lead to serious adverse drug reactions include acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and aspirin (Woodruff, 2010). Another
reason that the elderly are more susceptible to adverse drug reactions is the fat and water composition changes, they have increased fat storage and
decreased total body water, this allows for higher concentration of water soluble drugs and longer half–lives of fat soluble drugs (Woodruff, 2010).
Changes in the liver and

Why I Am A Pharmacy Technician For Cvs Pharmacy
My primary interest in a career in Pharmacy came from an overall interest in medicine and health care in general. As a third grader, I had the first
severe asthma attack that I can remember that caused the first of several hospital stays. By happenstance, that time sparked my curiosity about
medicine. As an eight year old, I wondered just how this magical mist that came through a mask was able to give me a freedom to breath that my
body wasn 't couldn 't give me on its own. Throughout high school and the beginning of college, I tailored my education to focus on biology and
medicine, as well as finding time to interact with patients as I pursued a career in medicine. However, it was not until I began working as a pharmacy
technician for CVS Pharmacy that I came to understand that this was the career my passion was leading to me to. I had shadowed other health care
professionals before based on my interest. These shadowing experiences included a pediatrician, family practice physician, and a physical therapist.
Each of those experiences were useful to me because, while they were interesting, they all seemed to lack something that left me wanting more. As a
hopeful pharmacist, I will have a career that I feel passionate about while being able to provide for my loved ones at the same time. I enjoy my job as
a pharmacy technician so much that I began researching a career in pharmacy after only a few months of working there. The pharmacists that I work
with have been such an

Americans ' Views Of The Pharmaceutical Industry
Americans' views of the pharmaceutical industry slipped back into negative numbers in 2015. Gallup's annual measure of 25 major U.S. business
sectors revealed that the percentage of Americans with a positive view of the pharmaceutical industry dropped from 40% in 2014 to 35% in 2015.
The percentage with a negative view rose from 36% to 43%. This leaves the pharmaceutical industry with a negative net positive rating of –8 in 2015
(Norman). This negative opinion of the pharmaceutical industry is due the recent increasing controversy surrounding pharmaceutical marketing,
influence, and also over private companies who own the manufacturing licenses of various drugs that allow them to control drug prices and their
availability on the market. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The 5,556 percent price increase of a common anti–parasitic drug, Daraprim, used to treat patients with AIDS earned Shkreli the nickname 'the most
hated man in America (Pollack). Private pharmaceutical companies should not be able to set their own drug prices because this allows them to gain
enormous profit over the health and well–beings of the humans it serves. Prescription drug prices continue to rise in the U.S., mainly driven by the
introduction of specialty drugs. There are very little indications that costs will stabilize soon. The issue has moved back into the national political
scene. Presidential candidate Bernie Sanders has announced he will introduce a bill that takes aim at these private drug companies, 'big pharma.' But in
order to change the policies regarding the pharmaceutical industry, one must understand their history. The modern pharmaceutical industry traces its
origin to two sources: apothecaries that moved into wholesale production of drugs such as morphine, quinine, and strychnine in the middle of the 19th
century and dye and chemical companies that established research labs and discovered medical applications for their products starting in the 1880s
(EMERGENCE).
Nevertheless, at the start of the 1930's, most medicines were sold without a prescription and private companies were supplying these physicians with
their requested

Prescription Drugs And The United States And New Zealand
Prescription for Danger
Lorraine Yahne
ENG 122 Composition II
Instructor MacDonald
September 15, 2014
Direct to Consumer Advertising
There are only two countries that allow advertising of prescription drugs to consumers; the United States and New Zealand. Direct to consumer
advertising (DTCA) is what they call the prescription drugs advertisements that are made specifically for the consumer. Pharmaceutical companies '
survival depends upon a gullible public buying what they are selling, whether you need it or not. Prescription drug advertising is in a different category
than toothpaste advertising. Because the consumer 's health is at stake, there are different rules and regulations involved. Pharmaceutical companies
often do ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Consumers will be more likely to initiate a conversation with their physician after seeing an advertisement on television, or in a magazine. In a paper
titled An Insider 's Perspective: Defense of the Pharmaceutical Industry 's Marketing Practices, author Kanika Johar (2013) writes, "In my
experience, the goal of DTCA is to increase market share for the new drug by bringing awareness to a particular disease that the drug treats" (p.10).
The first part of that sentence is remarkably candid. As an industry insider, Johar admits that increasing market share is the goal of DTCA. While
proponents cite education and awareness as reasons to continue DTCA, research consistently shows that consumers are not educated in any meaningful
way about drugs and their side effects in a 2 minute commercial or a tiny 4 point font, need a degree in biotechnology to understand, print
advertisement (Frosch et al, 2010; Arnold & Oakley, 2013).
One of the biggest problems with direct to consumer advertising is the dangerous medicalizing of our citizens. Medicalization: To take a normal human
condition and turn it into a medical condition that needs to be treated. At issue with opponents of DTCA is the belief that the advertisements gloss over
the (sometimes–serious) side effects. These ads portray the message of happy and carefree people whose lives are better because of these drugs. The
ubiquitous ads promote these drugs to the exclusion of any natural remedies or simple lifestyle changes

A Day Died Of Heart Attack
Ibbad Hussain
The Perfect day is when I was on a picnic with my family at Karachi beach in
Pakistan. The summertime there is when the day is extremely hot and the ocean exceedingly breezy. On this perfect day as I recall, the mist of the
salty ocean water dampened the face and the smell of the sizzling burger patties wafted in the air. My Grandfather whom I called "Big G", the
reason that calling him "Big G" is his biggest pet peeve. On this perfect day, Big G made the greasiest, succulent burger I have ever eaten and that
day I ate four full size burgers. I know it 's a lot of food to eat one time, but I can 't help it; they were just so mouth watering. Only if things lasted
forever, I wish he were still alive to make another one today just like on this perfect day.
Big G on the perfect day died of heart attack due to lack of proper medications. The heart attack happened because Big G had high cholesterol, which
was not reduced by proper medications like it is in America. As an effect of improper medications for the high cholesterol condition, any sort of minor
physical activity had serious consequences. On this perfect day, Big G was playing Badminton with me, and as the game progressed, the physical
condition worsened into a sudden heart attack. My parents rushed Big G to the hospital, but on the way hope was lost. When the ambulance arrived at
the hospital, burial forms had to be filled out instead of hospital admittance forms. I cried my heart out that day, eventually

Cvs Sets High Standards For Csr Policies
CVS sets high standards for CSR policies. The strategy is build upon three key factors, which include building healthy communities, protecting the
planet, and creating economic opportunities. It "is supported by strategic priorities and goals, and aligned with the CSR material issues we identified
in 2013, a process that was informed by internal and external stakeholders" (CVS Health).
One of the factors, which are also included in our CVSВґs mission statement, is to make healthcare accessible and affordable. The market reach of
CVS is expanding through a globalized environment. The second of these three pillars of CVSВґs corporate social responsibility takes the
environmental awareness into account. A reduction in the environmental impact resulting from operations will create an environmentally responsible
behavior.
A diversified workforce with high ethical standards throughout the entire company is part of the last key factor of the CSR of CVS Caremark. By
providing "transparency around corporate policies and practices in ways that build trust with stakeholders, the regulatory compliance and standards will
be met"(CVS, CSR).
SWOT Analysis – External Environment
Economic Trends
Opportunities:
The pharmaceutical industry continues to be a major driver of trend. While demand for medicine rapidly increases in emerging economies, a growing
number of consumers are also analyzing the economic performance of different medicines. These events will heighten the challenges the

The Role Of Independent And Non Medical Prescribing
The Role of Independent and Non–Medical Prescribing: Prescribing is defined and the process involving information gathering, clinical decision
making, communication and evaluation which then results in the initiation, continuation or cessation of medication/s. Independent prescribing means
that the prescriber takes responsibility for the clinical assessment, diagnosis and management of patients. This included prescribing medications where
necessary. Independent prescribers include doctors, dentists and nurses. Dependent prescribing included an agreement between an independent
prescriber and a dependent prescriber. This agreement involves implementing clinical management plan to optimise patient health with the approval of
the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The following is a time line of the UK history of non–medical prescribers and the factors influencing its development. Prescribing in Australia is
authorised by individual state and territory legislations that deal with drugs and poisons. These legislations allow various levels of health professionals
to administer/supply medications under an assortment of protocols or direct order agreements. Any prescriber must also follow processes that have
been determined by their professional bodies, which is legally binding in Australia. Legally, prescribers must also maintain all confidentiality and
privacy clauses. Also, the patient's health and wellbeing should be the focus of all decision making so that no–harm should come to the patient. The
knowledge and skills obtained from the required training should be used to optimise patient's health. Ethics of prescribing in Australia is a philosophy
of clinical practice that follows the following four principles the form the main framework for ethical decision–making; 1.Beneficence a.This is the
duty by the health professional to do good. This usually overlaps with efficacy, which is outlined by evidence–based practice. 2.Non–maleficence
a.This refers to the health professional's obligations to do no harm to patients. This includes avoiding adverse drug reactions. 3.Autonomy a.Autonomy
refers to the health professional's obligation to respect people and their rights of

Non Otc Herbal Supplements At The Same Time
Personal Statement Draft
As I walked out of the door, there was a big sigh relief on my face as the pharmacist reassured me that "don't worry about it. I do not see any drug
and drug interaction between the medications you are currently taking. Let me know if you are experiencing any side effects, if not you're will be
alright!" Until that moment, I have never realized the important role of pharmacists in the health care field. The reason I went in to talk to the pharmacist
was not to pick up my prescription, but I was there to ask about drug and drug interaction since I was taking multiple antibiotics, immunosuppressant
drugs, and few other OTC herbal supplements at the same time. Several months before my consultation with a CVS pharmacist, a small patch of skin
near my eyebrow turned white and I was diagnosed with Vitiligo. Although the mechanism of action for vitiligo is unknown, after researching online
rigorously for answers, I discovered that one of the possible causes is a chemical known as Rhodoenol, an active ingredient in a Japanese whitening
creaming, Kanebo. Due to its phenol group, Rhodoenol can undergo competitive inhibition with tyrosine to form tyrosinase, which is a crucial step for
the body to produce melanin. After doing research online, I suspect the trigger of my Vitiligo is the few Japanese whitening creams to help with the
acne scars. My eagerness to find answers, determination to watch my diets, the will to exercise more to help my immune system,

Statement of Purpose for a Career as a Pharamcist
Everyone has a dream, a goal that they wish to achieve. It could be bizarre; it could be senseless. The point is that everyone has a dream.
Throughout history, people have always worked towards their dreams, whether in determination or other means. It could result in violence like how
the colonists chose to follow the American Dream instead of their king. It could happen by using pacifism like how Gandhi desired for India's
independence from British rule. I, too, have a dream; however, it is not so innovative like the American colonists' or Gandhi's. My dream is to become a
pharmacist; I want to be able to take the require courses for it, the responsibilities it possesses, and the benefits it gives. In the beginning of anyone's
career, they must prepare themselves mentally for the venture ahead. In order to qualify to be a pharmacist, one must graduate from an accredited
college like Roseman University of Health Sciences or California Health Sciences University ("Pharmacy schools" www.ask). Pharmacy students must
take courses involving biological sciences, chemistry, and mathematics. Some colleges may require two years of a second language like Latin or Greek
("Field of Study" www.iseek). Additionally, students must take specialized courses. These courses include pharmacology, pharmaceutics, and clinical
pharmacy. After completing at least five years of the college, one must complete one year of internship under the supervision of a practicing
pharmacist. Also, every

Merck Business Analysis
Merck: Business Analysis
Merck is a flourishing research–driven pharmaceutical company, which discovers, develops, manufacturers, and promotes an extensive variety of
human and animal health products. Although Merck is one of the biggest pharmaceutical companies of the world, they still come across problems
today while striving to sustain a lead against its competition. Merck has achieved success with its lengthy history of breakthrough drugs and the
development of three significant pharmaceutical products: antibiotics, vitamins, and hormones. Merck's success relies heavily on its management and
how they modify the business model in place to that of the ever–changing economy.
Influence of Economic Trends
The global pharmaceutical ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Europe and Japan, where Merck is already implementing new models, the company is growing faster than the market and is ready for further growth.
Merck has also executed a distinctive strategy that entails starting a channel of communication with health care payers, usually insurers, before working
on a new medical idea. "It is important because if you're going to get your product approved in the future... you've got to understand what innovations
are meaningful to your customer base, which includes payers" (Scheller, para. 5–16). Merck will also utilize a Chief Medical Officer, whose function is
to be the voice of the patient or an advocate for patients.
Merck also uses a supply strategy that includes implementation of manufacturing procedures, a greater dependence on outside resources, and an
explanation of its inside manufacturing system. This strategy intends to plan for the future how Merck will convey its products to the market. It puts
forth Merck's vision of being the most reliable and aggressive supplier of medicines and vaccines in the pharmaceutical industry. This new strategy is
meant to improve their organizational focal point, competence, awareness to customer needs, and maintaining a competitive advantage for Merck.
As part of Merck's global manufacturing strategy, they have been in existence in China since the 1980s through

The Effect Of Post Discharge Mur And Nms Service
This research was performed in order to investigate the processes relating to the post discharge MUR and NMS service and to ascertain if they were
believed to impact on the patients' health outcome. It was carried out using questionnaires, distributed by hand to community pharmacists in three
boroughs of South West London. The aim of the questionnaire was to achieve a rapid response from a diverse range of community pharmacies. This
study had a response rate of 50% (59 out 118 questionnaires were received back) which was lower than originally expected. It would appear that one of
the main reasons could be attributed to time restraints of the role as many pharmacists identified that they did not have the time to complete the
questionnaire. To further compound the lower than expected completion rate, some of the pharmacists approached were locum pharmacists who were
reluctant to participate on the basis of their limited knowledge of the way that particular pharmacy functioned and their lack of familiarity with the
community surrounding the pharmacy in which they were working. Another factor which contributed to the low response rate was that some of the
returned questionnaires were not fully completed and therefore could not be included in the data analysis.
100% of the respondents provided MUR and NMS services and just over half of the participants 52%, provided post discharge MUR/NMS. It was
found from the responses that it is consistently difficult to identify post

An Insight Into The Monetary Profits Made From Legal And...
The purpose of this report is to provide an insight into the monetary profits made from legal and illegal drugs and truly how profitable are these
industries. Such areas as gangs, pharmacies, and governmental agencies will be viewed for the money made from the drugs they deal with. Questions
such as: who do private companies make their money off of and how much is being made? Should the government support the taxation of legal as well
as controversial illegal drugs? What can be done to stop the drugs or control the drug pusher's profit? Finally, should the United States government
legalize it to collect on the money being made? The answers to these questions will provide the reader with enough information to provide an informed
view on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Drug Cartels gauge their actions based on this criteria. This paper explores the history of drugs, both legal and illegal, the profitability of both the
legal industry and illegal enterprise. It will also look at what is being done to combat the illegal aspect of the issue as well what is being done to keep
the margins up and the coffers filled. Drugs, illegal and legal, have been a part of the history of the United States for almost three centuries. From the
time when the 19th century began, Americans went from alcohol as the preferred mood altering substance to a new realm of addiction. During this
time Americans were acquaint with wonder drugs such as morphine, heroin, and cocaine. Since that discovery, our society has confronted the problems
of drug abuse and addiction (DEA, 2015). Once the 20th century began, the United States, contending with its first drug epidemic in the country's short
history, progressively started effective limitations to combat the epidemic. In the United States through internal law enforcement they began to fight
the issue domestically. Through cooperation and sometimes without the United States began spearheading a world crusade to limit opium and coca
crops (DEA, 2015). By World War II, the use of drugs in America had declined significantly enough for it to no longer be considered a significant
issue. It was then seen as a borderline social problem and pushed

Sales of Illegal Goods on the Internet Essay example
Sales of Illegal Goods on the Internet
With the increase of on–line crimes and fraud, stricter laws must be placed on the sale of such problematic items as guns, prescription drugs, and
human blood and organs over the Internet. The selling of these and other items has created many problems in recent months. Most of these items are
auctioned online through popular sites such as e–bay. This is a somewhat complicated issue due to the fact that they are many conflicting opinions. In
addition, the laws for and against the marketing of these products online are very uncertain. There are many activists and liberals in favor of selling
organs and blood online in order to save lives. Many gun advocates such as the NRA are greatly in favor of the... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Selling guns online only simplifies this. It will be interesting to see what comes of this as stricter laws are placed on guns.
Selling prescription drugs online has also become extremely popular within a short period of time. It is so popular in fact; the National Association of
Boards of Pharmacy has just set up a new board that certifies online pharmacies and calls them Verified Internet Pharmacy Practice Sites. To date,
there are only four such sites. They are: CVS.com, Drugstore.com, MerckMedco.com, and PlanetRx.com. This is not to say that no other websites are
safe, just that the Food and Drug Administration does not accept them. People are advised to buy only from the four acceptable websites. One problem
with online pharmacies is that there are only four approved ones. Any others may be potentially dangerous. These other websites, though they may be
completely legal, and they may be only selling prescription drugs, might not be safe. They don't carry your medical information– only your physician
does. Most prescription drugs have precautions and drug interactions making them unsafe for some people. A simple trip to the doctor's office may
take the risk out of these websites. This view is easily argued by people with little time on their hands to go to the pharmacist or the doctor's office.
They allow people to just fill out a simple form online to order all their prescriptions. For the time being, making the short trip to your

Case Analysis : ' Our ' Pharmacy '
"OUR" Pharmacy Inc.
Street Address
City, State, zip
Phone
Table of Content
оїї"OUR" Pharmacy
I. Executive Summary
II. Company Summary
III. Products
IV. Market Analysis Summary
V. Strategy and Implementation Summary
VI. Web Plan Summary
VII. Management Summary
VIII. Financial Plan
Appendix оїѕ
Executive Summary
OUR Pharmacy's main goals are to provide excellent health care service and convenience to its patients as well as dispense low cost prescriptions.
Apart from the roles of a traditional pharmacy, OUR will provide extended services such as medication therapy management (MTM), traveler's
immunization, smoking cessation, and chronic disease state management. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition, we will initiate a working relationship with local physicians to create a collaborative practice agreement that will show the value of a
pharmacist contributing to patient care and service. Overall, we want to create a friendly and reliable image that will attune to patient and health
providers needs.
Dennis Togonon and Harmeet Deol will contribute to the success of OUR Pharmacy by using knowledge obtained from the MBA and Pharm D
education. Both participants will share the load of practicing pharmacy and management of pharmacy, with two full time tech. We expect to reach

profitability by the second year and will reevaluate to determine course of action during the third year to increase revenue.
NEED TO HAVE DESCRIPTION
1.1 Objectives
OUR Pharmacy's objectives include:
Provide excellent customer service
Increase the number of customers by more than 20% per year
Establish a niche through extended services with MTM, immunization, smoking cessation, diabetes, and chronic disease management
1.2 Mission
Optimize health,
Understand customer needs,
Reinvent pharmacy service,
That will provide efficient customer service and convenience, and create a collaborative network with local health providers in providing excellent
patient care and service.
1.3 Keys To Success (Reference Management Book)
The keys to success are:
Customer service
Anticipate patients' and customers'

Why Doctors Commit Malpractice And Does Obama Care Lead...
What Are The Reasons Doctors Commit Malpractice And Does Obama Care Lead Into This ?
A Review of Literature
Amir Haji
Edina Highschool
Authors Note this paper was prepared for Pre AP english 10 Period 1 taught by ms Benson
Introduction
Today if you were to say doctor to someone, the first thing that pops into their heads is life savers. Although that is true some can be killing innocent
or guilty people by their malpractice When I became able to read I started to notice how sloppy my doctor's handwriting was. I thought to myself how
can anyone read that. I became scared that I would get the wrong medication. In this study of misdiagnosis conducted by An Institute of Medical Report
Committee on Quality of Health Care in America Institute of Medicine National Academy Press Washington, D.C. (2014) said that 42% that believed
that an error occurred only 40% of them had been misdiagnosed this is a serious problem that could allow someone to die .By examining evidence
and background information about the reasons doctors' commit malpractice the causes and effects from obamacare and and discussing current actions
being taken to address the problem, this essay will explore the problem with why doctors' commit malpractice and the causes and effects of obamacare
in order to enact change, I will send a survey to my local hospital with this essay.
Background information and evidence of the

Pharmacy Board of Australia (AHPRA) and The Pharmacy Guild...
Case study of human life and pharmacy organizations rule
This case study about a Mrs. Freda Jenkins, a sixty–eight year old pensioner visits her General Practitioner (GP). Her blood pressure has been rising
steady over the years, and therefore the (GP) gave her a medicine (script was in handwriting), at that time Mrs. Freda Jenkins went to a local pharmacy,
the main story began from here, the pharmacy assistance gave a wrong medication to Mrs. Jenkins as the pharmacist was very busy on the phone with
a Busy day, additionally the printer in the pharmacy wasn't operating.
After sometime while Mrs. Jenkins visited her friend, Mrs. Jenkins remembers that she is a little low on the tablet and went to a different pharmacy
where the same thing happened, she got the wrong medicine, Mrs. Jenkins began to feel unwell, dropped again to the General Practitioner, doctor
sees blood pressure is not under control and asked to double her daily dose of coversly 5mg tablet to 10mg.
Then few days later Mrs. Jenkins felt very unwell and called an ambulance and went to the hospital emergency. They did all necessary checks when the
error was discovered.
Case study of two organizations; Pharmacy Board of Australia (AHPRA) and The Pharmacy Guild of Australia
Pharmacy Board of Australia:
Registration Notifications Compliance Accreditation
Registering pharmacists and students.
Developing standards.
Handling notifications, complaints and investigations.
The Pharmacy Guild of

Career Report
Career Report – Pharmacist and Physician Over the past few weeks I have been researching my interests, values, and goals. Throughout this
research a lot of things that were already evident to me, were proven for a fact. My interests included researching different aspects of science and
data analysis. Analysis has always been a big part of my life because I analyze everything. My values have been proven to be centered toward
helping people and being around people. These interests and values are almost equivalent with what my goals in life have been over the past years.
For the past few years I have wanted to become some type of pharmacist or physician. In this paper, I have researched what being a pharmacist and
physician ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They counsel patients on the use of medication, upon a patients release from the hospital. Retail pharmacists help answer questions about over the
counter and prescription drugs. They must ask patients certain health questions in order to make a judgment on which medications to prescribe. Some
pharmacists specialize in drugs for psychiatric disorders or intravenous nutrition.
There is an extensive amount of training one must go through in order to become a pharmacist. One or two years of pre–pharmacy with credits in math,
chemistry, biology, physics, humanities, and social sciences are required. A minimum of five years is required to graduate from a program qualified
by the American Council on Pharmaceutical Education. If pursuing a Doctor of Pharmacy degree it could take six or seven years. After graduating
most pharmacists go on to do residencies or fellowships. Residencies are an organized, post graduation–training program. Fellowships are directed,
individualized programs, which help prepare participants for lab work. Some students go on to advance in the field and be an intern or pharmacy
assistant, pharmacy manager, or possibly the owner of a pharmacy.
Pharmacists have a lot of qualifications they must meet in order to obtain a job. Many hospitals require a Doctor of Pharmacy degree. A Bachelors
Degree is accepted for

Lloyds Pharmacy Business Analysis
Lloyds Pharmacy is a British pharmacy company and online doctor service, which has grown into the country's biggest pharmacies. The company
runs the online platform, as well as manages around 1,600 pharmacies across the country. The company's roots go all the way back to 1973 and the
company has since grown to have pharmacies around the UK, but also elsewhere in Europe and even Brazil. It has won a number of awards in recent
years. The online doctor platform provides customers with safe and reliable healthcare solutions to help access healthcare even during the busiest of
time. You don't need to make an appointment and you'll be treated by UK registered doctors. The platform is focused on helping both men and women.
Is expertise is in sexual

Marketing
ng
Pharmaceutical Marketing
Jessica L. Ancho
HCS/539
Monday, November 26, 2012
Thom J. Sloan
Pharmaceutical Marketing Pharmaceutical marketing is a current health care marketing technique, which is in television, the Internet, radio, and other
media source. Pharmaceutical marketing is the business of advertising of drugs. There are many marketing techniques that organizations use
everywhere, but health care marketing can be slightly different. In this paper, I will describe my opinion on current health care marketing techniques
and trends. The second topic is how I feel about current marketing techniques are affecting consumer trends and if there any I will examine how. Last, I
will evaluate the positive and negative ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For instance, the Internet is a reason that consumers have adjusted to trends. In some cases like the journals there are still a trend that has been
around for years and is still going strong even after the evolve of Internet. I also think that it can be reverse consumers are changing the way
marketing techniques are evolve. I health care many people would do what doctors say, but know patient have a say in health care, and this has
changed the way doctors manage the practice, which can in some ways affect pharmaceutical marketing. No matter what trends and techniques
pharmaceutical use to market their products they have increased profits for years, and they are still increasing so methods are well balance.
Positive and Negative Impact The Internet is a way to advertise because time is everything and physicians do not have time because the increase in
demand; so it is convent for pharmaceutical manufactures. The negative aspect is the loss of one–on–one conversation or presentation, which are a big
positive aspect. Free samples are a positive way to advertise drugs and allow doctors to try them with patients before they purchase in bundles.
Journals are a positive insight and still growing even after the adaption of technology trends, which is a positive approach it is still good to know
people, especially physicians take the time to read and find more information. Workers show a positive and negative approach to marketing techniques

Why I Want For A Pharmacist
"Just because you graduated from a university doesn 't mean your days of studying are over" says a woman named Rosemary Killeen. Throughout
my life I have been divulged with many different questions on what I want to be when I get older. I always had vacillated between "I am not really
sure yet" and "I want to be a professional athlete". But now that I have sat down to think about it I realized that I would like to be a pharmacist. A
pharmacist is a person who is professionally qualified to prepare and dispense medical drugs. I think that being a pharmacist would be good for me
because I would like to be in the health field but working as a surgeon is not my type of thing. As you read on you soon will find out the history of a
pharmacist, what you need to obtain being a pharmacist, a description of being a pharmacist, and why this job is for me. Pharmacy can be traced far
back into history. According to Pharmacy, the first known production of medicine substance was around 6th century BC, however the earliest text of
pharmacy can be dated back to the 3rd or 4th AD. Ancient Egyptian's knowledge on pharmacy was originally written on papyrus. The earliest known
complete filling of medicine was done by the Hindu. One famous pharmacist named John Pemberton was actually the man that invented Coca–Cola. I
really think it is bizarre that a pharmacist to be the person that would invent a kind of pop let alone Coca–Cola. Coca–Cola is one of the most popular
drinks in not only the US

The Geriatric Population : A Significant Impact On Federal...
The geriatric population is a very vulnerable population, which needs great care. The main concerns are attributed to the age, educational background,
medication experiences, living conditions and diet. All these contribute to factors which make it difficult to be adherent to their goals, which have been
developed to improve their health.
Geriatric care presents a significant impact on federal spending through the Medicare program. Roughly 20% of all geriatric hospital discharges are
done as a transfer of care to a Skilled Nursing Facility (Simmons) at the cost of $32 billion dollars annually. Of those sent to a Skilled Nursing
Facility (SNF), 23% are readmitted within 30 days (Simmons). A hospital readmission may result from a new... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
In a quarter of the hospitals, about 25% of the admissions are rehospitalizations that occur within 30 days after discharge (Jencks). There are a number
of factors that contribute to avoidable hospital readmissions. Some of these reasons include: poor quality and transition of care between different
providers and care setting, discharging of patients prematurely, discharging patient without providing adequate information of their care and the lack of
coordination with information of patients between inpatient and community–based providers.
Some papers have been published to address the concern of the rate of hospital readmissions in the geriatric population. Simmons et tal. points to the
fact that insufficient pain management is one of the most common factors leading to hospital readmission (Simmons). While evidence is limited, there
is some indication that pain is poorly evaluated and poorly treated in older adults across a variety of settings including SNF. This leads to higher rates
of hospital admissions and readmissions. Also, when care is transitioned to SNF, important clinical information is often times not sent in a timely
manner. This lacking information can include pain severity and how it was managed in the hospital, which leads to a lack of timely, sufficient pain
management at the SNF site (Simmons). Compounding this issue is the fact that older adults are more likely than younger

Quality And Safe Product Approval System
1. Objective
To undertake a critical review of the current product check and release processes to ensure a robust, high quality and safe product approval system is in
place to safeguard patient safety and to ensure compliance with standards and recommendations.
2. Background
The aseptic preparation of products at Northern Lincolnshire and Goole NHS Foundation Trust (NLAG) is carried out in an unlicensed unit under
Section 10 exemption of the Medicines Act 1968. (1) It requires that the preparation is done by or under the supervision of a Pharmacist, who takes full
responsibility for the quality of the product.
Until recently, in unlicensed units working under Section 10 exemption, even if the final checks were carried out by ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It provides a proposed product approval/Pharmacist supervision model that has been attached in Appendix 1.
Final product accuracy check and release at NLAG is undertaken by the Authorised Pharmacist (usually band 7 or above). The Authorised Pharmacist
also undertakes the clinical checks/screening of the prescriptions. It has been discussed that undertaking these checks by different pharmacists will add
an extra safety check in the process and there is a plan for separation of these roles in the near future. The plan is to have a Clinical Pharmacist
undertaking the clinical checks in the clinical area and an Authorised Pharmacist in the Aseptic Unit undertaking the product check and approval
(release). Another proposal has been suggested following this analysis.
There are some concerns regarding separation of the roles as the staff who may be involved in approving products (band 6 pharmacists) have a lack of
knowledge and skills in aseptics. There is also a need for cost effective working and flexibility within the service, including appropriate skill–mix. This
all emphasises a requirement for this critical analysis to ensure that a robust product check and release is undertaken.
Although errors in the preparation of injectable medicines within pharmacy aseptic environments are not very

Is The Industry Doing Well?
Is the industry doing well? Are you optimistic about its future?
This Pharmaceutical industry encompasses corporations that manufacture biological, medicinal and pharmaceutical products in several methods
including tablets, vials, lotions, concentrates and suspensions. The general pharmaceutical market can be divided into prescription–based products and
over–the–counter medications. The pharmaceutical products are primarily dispersed via wholesalers, and are then sold through pharmacies or
dispensed in hospitals. The pharmaceutical industry is today one of the most lucrative and prominent world business sectors. It consists of numerous
public and private organizations dedicated to the detection, development, creation and marketing of medicines for human and animal health. Its
foundation is the research and development for medicinal chemicals to prevent or treat innumerable diseases and disarrays. The pharmaceutical
industry mainstream of production corresponds to vaccines. Most pharmaceutical companies experience international character and maintain
subsidiaries in several nations. The pharmaceutical sector is technologically advanced, which gives employment to many college graduates with MBA
degrees, biologists, biochemists, chemists, pharmacists, and physicians. These professionals perfom in the functional regions of production, quality
control, research and development, marketing, human resources, and general administration. The majority of jobs within the

My Education Is the Hope to Achieve My Career Goal
"Education should consist of a series of enchantments, each raising the individual to a higher level of awareness, understanding and kinship with all
living things." It is this maxim that urged me to think higher. Education is the only hope for a person to achieve his career goals. This is what I feel
about education, especially about American Education. I want to attain the highest level of education and transcend horizons in the chosen field. I have
been a keen observer and am well known for probing new avenues, always enthusiastic and ready with a chain of questions. Knowledge is a familiarity
with someone or something, which can include facts, information, descriptions, or skills acquired through experience or education. It can... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
INDUSTRIAL VISIT As part of my undergraduate curriculum I got an opportunity for industrial visit toMSN LABS,MIYAPUR
BOLLARUM,HYDERABAD. This training helped me to learn about various departments in a pharmaceutical company like Quality Assurance,
Quality Control, Regulatory Affairs, and Research & Development. Regulatory professionals work in harmony with all the departments in the industry
for the promotion of the drug in international market. WHY PHARMACEUTICS IN U.S.? It is universally known that PHARMACEUTICS is the
stage for drug preparation. Drugs are made of basic ring structures, excipients, formulations which are a part of Pharmaceutics. A Chemist's unique role
is to build a bridge between the Synthesis and the Availability of the Drugs to the patient. It also forms the basis of various quantitative and qualitative
analyses of various compounds. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluations of various drug formulations have led to the success of usage
of different dosage forms on humans and animals as well i.e. transdermal patches are the innovative dosage forms used successfully. It is helpful in
standardization of several compounds like physiological ions by determining and maintaining them with the help of applying the available techniques.
These studies during my under graduation has made me to choose the challenge career as

Positive and Negative Aspects of a Possible Expansion of...
The prevalence of chronic diseases globally such as heart disease, diabetes and kidney disease are continuously increasing due to risk factors such as
obesity, physical inactivity, poor diets, smoking and excessive alcohol consumption (1). In Australia, this trend is also evident; thus, there is a need for
primary health care interventions to prevent these diseases. The Pharmacy guild of Australia (The Guild) has proposed to the government for
pharmacies to undertake annual health checks. These health checks would comprise of weight, body mass index, blood pressure, blood glucose,
cholesterol and ask about lifestyle factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption. These checks would allow identification of patients at risk of
chronic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However these services are usually conducted without standardised formal protocols in place such as documentation and referral, they also come at a
cost for the patient. Government funded and controlled health checks would benefit patients as utilising the wide network of community pharmacies
will not only provide earlier detection and ongoing management of chronic diseases but the service will be readily accessible to all patients including
those in rural and more remote regions of Australia thus improving primary health care and outcomes (3).
This type of service is evident in The United States of America, where the government provides free Medicare wellness visits. Any qualified health
professional can provide this service including pharmacists (5). These Medicare wellness visits include, routine measurements, such as height, weight,
blood pressure, and body mass index (BMI); review of individual medical and family history; review of the medications, supplements, and vitamins
that are currently been taking; discussion of care currently receiving from other health care providers; review of functional ability and level of safety
(for example, risk of falling at home), including any cognitive impairment, as well as a screening for

Essay about The New Trade Theory
New Trade Theory
The new trade theory began to emerge in the 1970s when a number of economists pointed out that the ability of firms to attain economies of scale
might have important implications for international trade (Wickramasekera, Cronk & Hill 2013). This theory is based on two major concepts that are
economies of scale and first–mover advantage. To elaborate: "Economies of scale are unit cost reductions associated with a large scale of output" as it
is able to spread over the fixed costs over a large volume of quantity (Wickramasekera, Cronk & Hill 2013 p90). "First–mover advantages are the
economic and strategic advantages that accrue to early entrants into an industry and the ability to capture scale economies ahead of later ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Further more, with other benefits such as low costs in research and development, strong clinical research capabilities, and low sovereign risk, Australia
is advancing as one of the most prominent players in the pharmaceutical industry (Productivity Commission 2003). Australia's population represents
0.3% of the world's population and consumes around 1% of the total global pharmaceutical sales. The industry generated a total revenue of $6.1 billion
in the year 2002 (ALRC 2014).
The research and development of the pharmaceutical industry is very important as the industry relies on it to develop new products to maintain and
sustain the growth of the industry (ALRC 2014). According to the Australian Government Law Reform Commission, every year, the total spending in
research and development in pharmaceutical industry, which includes drug discovery, pre–clinical testing and clinical trials on drugs is around $300
million (ALRC 2014). Mergers and acquisitions are intensifying in the global pharmaceutical industry, especially over the last 10 years. With factors
like exorbitant research and development costs, the relatively shorter product life cycles, and the rarity of discovering a new life–changing drug acting
as catalysts, leading pharmaceutical companies now have more cause to step out and look for external collaboration. This results in an increasing
number of smaller biotechnology companies merging with bigger pharmaceutical companies (The

The Marketing Of Cvs Health Operates
Industry Overview:
The industry that CVS Health operates in is characterized as, the "Retail Drugstore" industry. Companies that operate in this industry offer a wide
variety of goods and services such as prescription medication through their in–store pharmacy, over–the–counter medications, health and beauty items,
toiletries, grocery goods, photo processing, and basic health services. This industry includes retail stores with a pharmacy and excludes mail–order
retailers, hospitals and clinics.
Some hospitals and clinics offer their own pharmacy to their patients on site to cut out retail stores such as CVS Health. Hospitals and clinics that offer
such services to their patients can be considered substitutes to a drugstore's pharmacy. Also, to fulfill their health and beauty, grocery, and toiletry
needs, consumers can choose to go to Wal–Mart or Target.
The retail drugstore industry became common in the United States around the 50 year period of 1870 – 1920. Before drugstores became prevalent,
physicians would dispense medication themselves at their office. Once drugstores were invented, physician dispensing declined as drugstores could
dispense medication and offered customers a soda fountain. However, owners of drugstores made most of their money from selling tobacco and soda
rather than their medication (1).
Drugstores have evolved greatly over the years due to increasing competition. By 1990, the drugstore business was changing in various ways.
Demographically, there

Essay on Strategic Risk Management for Llyods Pharmacy
Strategic Risk Management for Llyodspharmacy
Submitted To Mr. TK Submitted By Student no. 1004288
Table of Contents Executive Summary3 1. Introduction4 1.1 CURRENT PROBLEMS4 2. RISKS IDENTIFIED5 2.1 Political Environment5 2.2
Changes in regulation5 2.3 Changes in consumer behavior5 2.4 Competition6 2.5 Unprofessional Services6 2.6 Occupational Health and safety risks6
2.7 Product risk7 2.8 Critical systems failure – Loss of Data7 2.9 Currency exchange7 3. MITIGATION9 3.1 Political Environment9 3.2 Impact of
regulation9 3.3 Changes in consumer behavior9 3.4 Competition9 3.5 Unprofessional Services10 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The political environment is likely to keep changing in at least some of the countries where Lloyds is operating. If this is not mitigated it could have
higher impact than 3.
2.2 Changes in regulation
Any changes in existing regulation could pose a threat to the company since it operates in regulated markets. Failure to keep up with the regulation and
abide by new rules immediately could have negative impacts for the company. Prasant Manandhar, head pharmacist at Hemel Hempstead noted, "These
companies could face problems with licensing, processing prescriptions or even with regulations of product traceability and how products need to be
stored etc. quite easily if the regulations change even slightly."
This is a very regulated market, thus the regulation does not change very frequently however, since Lloydspharmacy operates in more than 20
countries, it is possible that within the next 2–3 years, there could be some changes in one or more of these countries. The impact is moderate because
companies are usually prepared for changes like these. Also the mitigation is not very difficult therefore with a representative in major trade
associations Lloyds can be prepared for it.
2.3 Changes in consumer behavior
Change in consumer behavior could negatively impact Lloydspharmacy. If customers spend less on their products, if shopping habits and preferences
change and people

What I Got My College?
I got my bachelor in physics in 2009 in Vietnam back home. Back then I witnessed two death of my two uncles due to medical related errors. They
were around 65 years old. The death at that young age struck all my family members. I asked myself if anybody in my family who worked in the
health care would save their lives.
I came to the States in 2012 and have brought with me that question unanswered. Coming to the new country with a lot of opportunities in
education, I feel an urge to discover how drugs work in human body. I prepare to get in the health science major by starting taking prerequisites in
Montgomery College. Although I was on the Dean's list each semester beginning in 2013 while I was studying for my major, I realized that it was
more effective and enjoyable if I could find a job in the field of my major. Hence, I stared looking for the job inpharmacy stores as a technician. This
progress of finding a technician job trained me about dedication. After filling out an online application, I had to walk in almost twenty different CVS
stores to ask the pharmacists in charge for a chance of interview. That applying process took a half year to finally achieve my goal of being a
pharmacy technician.
Moreover, volunteer service in geriatric service contributed a huge part of reasons why I chose pharmacy as a career. During my personal time, I
volunteered in impoverished areas in Hue city that were struck by a flood, I witnessed the necessity of basic medications such as

Essay LEG 500 Assignment 3
Legal and Ethical Considerations in Marketing, Product Safety, and Intellectual Property
Sam Cook
Dr. William Stone
LEG 500
August 28, 2013
1. Research three to five (3–5) ethical issues relating to marketing and advertising, intellectual property, and regulation of product safety.
When looking at PharmaCARE's relationship with the Colberians, you see that the company's treatment of the indigenous population is unethical. In
terms of intellectual property, the scenario in Assignment 2 highlights the exploitation of the Colberians. While the indigenous population freely shares
their information about their cures, the company exploits them by not compensating them for their shared knowledge. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Finally, in terms of regulation of product safety, PharmaCARE threw allethics out the window by working around a number of safety requirements and
putting consumers' lives at risk. The organization used its reputation as a caring, ethical and well–run company to pull the wool over the eyes of many.
After reformulating a diabetes drug to treat those suffering from Alzheimer's disease, PharmaCARE was required to seek FDA approval for
distributing the new drug in mass quantities. Instead, it created a subsidiary that acted as a compounding pharmacy to distribute the drug directly to
consumers on a prescription basis. Although pharmacy compounding, a practice where licensed pharmacists reformulate drugs to create a medication
more suitable to treat a patient's individual need, PharmaCARE, through CompCARE, went on to sell the product in bulk to hospitals, clinics, and
doctor offices, an action not permitted by pharmacies. Pharmacy compounding, when done properly, meets a vital public health need when a patient is
unable to be treated with a medication approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), but compounding was never intended to provide
unapproved treatment to the masses. This is illegal and unethical. One of the primary roles of the FDA is to regulate prescription drugs to ensure
safety of the public, but motivated solely by profit, PharmaCARE took the compound route to avoid the

Interdisciplinary Education
MEDICAL EDUCATION
Interdisciplinary Approach to Teaching Medication Adherence to Pharmacy and Osteopathic Medical Students
Dana L. Singla, PharmD; George E. MacKinnon III, PhD; Karen J. MacKinnon, RPh; Wisam Younis, PharmD; Ben Field, DOвЂ
The purpose of this project was to demonstrate to pharmacy and osteopathic medical students the value of interdisciplinary education through
participation in an interdisciplinary medication adherence project. Each pharmacy student, assuming the role of a pharmacist, was paired with a
medical student acting as a physician with a needlestick exposure requiring HIV prophylaxis therapy. Medical students were randomized to participate
in one of three levels of pharmacist counseling. After completion of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Further, medication adherence is especially necessary with antiretroviral therapy, in which a 5% to 20% reduction in medication adherence can result in
a 60% virologic failure.21 All health professionals need to understand the value of each profession toward improving patient outcomes. The Institute of
Medicine suggests that significant improvements in communication among health care providers is necessary to reduce unexpected medical events.22
Methods
All third–year pharmacy students (n 92) and all secondyear osteopathic medical students (n 115) at Midwestern University were chosen to participate in
the interdisciplinary medication adherence project. Pharmacy education is generally a 4–year professional program to obtain a doctor of pharmacy
degree. However, unique to Midwestern University is a 3year doctor of pharmacy professional program. Therefore, all
JAOA Vol 104 No 3 March 2004 127
Singla et al Medical Education
MEDICAL EDUCATION
Table 1 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Postexposure Prophylaxis Regimen23 Medications
Zidovudine 100 mg, 2 tablets three times daily for 4 weeks Lamivudine 150 mg twice daily for 4 weeks Indinavir 800 mg, 2 tablets every 8 hours for 4
weeks Total tablets consumed over 4 weeks
Tablets Dispensed, No.

168 84 168 420
students were in their final year of

Pharmacy Career Research
A pharmacist is a healthcare professional who is an expert on pharmaceutical drugs and how they act to fight disease and improve the health of the
patient. Pharmacists are responsible for the implementation of drug therapy with the intention of improving the quality of a patient's life. Some
examples of such improvements include curing diseases, reducing or eliminating a patient's symptoms, slowing the process of a disease, and preventing
disease. A pharmacist works with patients and other healthcare professionals in order to design, implement, and monitor a drug therapy plan
specifically designed for that patient. Not only do pharmacists advise doctors and patients on prescription drugs, but they also provide information on
the best... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
work in research for drug companies or teach at universities. Pharmacists who own and run their own pharmacy may also obtain their MBA. Pharmacy
colleges require two years of general pre–pharmacy education. These classes include mathematics and natural sciences such as chemistry, biology, and
physics. Another requirement is courses in humanities and social sciences.
In 2000, the American Council on Pharmaceutical Education named 82 accredited colleges of pharmacy. Current schools in North Carolina that offer
pharmaceutical degrees are University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Wingate University, and Campbell University. Some of these colleges require
that students take the Pharmacy College Admissions Test. All of these colleges offer courses in pharmacy practice in order to teach the dispensing of
drugs, communication skills, and dealing with other health professionals. Such courses strengthen students understanding of professional ethics and
practice managerial responsibilities. All pharmacists must know the drug laws, assessment skills, problem–solving approaches, and have managerial
and communication abilities. Every pharmacist must obtain a license, however in order to do this they must serve under a licensed pharmacist,
graduate from an accredited college, and pass a state exam. Some states require continued education for license renewal. For pharmacists there are
many areas of graduate study such as pharmaceutics,

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