The Environmental Performance Of New And Existing Buildings

The Environmental Performance Of New And Existing Buildings
BREEAM
BREEAM is the British Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method. It is used to
assess the environmental performance of new and existing buildings.
Standard types of BREEAM assessment scheme exist for common building types:
 Courts
 Eco–Homes
 Education
 Healthcare
 Industrial
 Multi–residential
 Offices
 Prisons
 Retail
The assessment relates to eight areas:
 Overall management of the building
 Energy use
 Health and well being
 Pollution
 Transport
 Land use and ecology
 Materials
 Water
Assessment put a brief light on all of these areas, and grade them according to the influence of these
areas in the building. These all gradings then added together to give overall credits to the building,
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Building regulations are closely connected to Code, which are the least building standards required
by LAW. The Code flags the future heading of Building Regulations in connection to carbon
outflows from, and vitality use in homes, giving more noteworthy administrative sureness to the
home building industry.
From first May 2008 it has been compulsory for all new homes to have a rating against the Code
(this may be a "nil" rating showing no evaluation was embraced). Likewise, since April 2008 all
new social lodging must be assembled to at least Code level 3. Prerequisites for gathering certain

Code levels will be ventures up about whether to help meet the Government 's 2016 focus for all
new homes to be assembled to zero carbon norms.
The Code Scoring System
The Code for Sustainable Homes evaluates homes in nine outline classifications:
 Energy and Co2 emanations
 Water
 Materials
 Surface water run–off
 Waste
 Pollution
 Health and prosperity
 Management
 Ecology
"The issues are evaluated against an execution target and honored one or more credits.
Execution targets are more requesting than the base standard required to fulfill Building
Regulations or other enactment. They speak to great or best practice and are thought to be
in fact attainable and
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Sample Resume : Chemical Engineering And Project Management
SUMMARY
I am a qualified Chemist with over 10 years' experience in Chemical Engineering and Project
Management. My experience includes team leadership and engineering design of water and
wastewater treatment technologies, process management and water resources including flood and
yield hydrology. In addition, I have a proven track of managing a portfolio of business projects
including corporate risk management, project governance and non–compliance incident
investigations.
I have extensive experience in the following key areas:
 Project management of engineering projects and multi–functional project teams for the
construction and operations of large scale mining and water and wastewater treatment facilities;
 Team leadership and management of technical expertise to support the implementation of water
research and development initiatives and strategies in the area of water treatment technology;
 Undertaking strategic business investigations and implementation of projects and processes to
optimise project delivery and mitigate budget and schedule impacts;
 Preparation of approval applications, project submissions and scoping documents in liaison with
stakeholders including negotiation of service agreements; and
 Implementation of change management processes to optimise the efficiencies and effectiveness of
team performance.
EXPERIENCE
2015 – 2016
Aug Jun Senior Water Treatment Consultant – Water Corporation, Osbourne Park.
Manage the Water Quality Branch Water

Ap Human Geography Chapter 1 Summary
Water Stress – When the demand for water is higher than the amount of water available.
Agriculture – The science or practice of farming, including soil care and readying for crops, care for
farm animals, and the actions of collecting milk and wool.
Irrigation – The supply of water to land or crops to help growth, typically by means of channels.
Soil Erosion – When the top layer of soil is worn down due to too much water, ice, or wind.
Crop Rotation – When a farmer studies crops and plans for different placement in soil for the plants
each year, rotating their placement annually.
Mitigate – To lessen, diminish; to lessen the risk of.
Surface Irrigation – Basins or trenches with water flowing – due to gravity – in between rows of
crops. [17]
Sprinkler Irrigation – Portable or installed machines programmed to automatically spray water onto
your grass and/or garden.
Subsurface Irrigation – Water pipes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, they are made of saltwater, so we cannot use this source of water to drink and water
plants. But freshwater sources, such as rivers, lakes, springs, melted snow and underground bodies
of water, can be used in irrigation for farmland and for us to drink. [3]
The Effects of Water Scarcity on Agriculture
How Much is Consumed
Without water, the lives of millions of children, and adults, are at risk. For children under five,
water–and–sanitation diseases are one of the leading causes of death [4], along with malnutrition.
[5] Unfortunately, studies show that in 2025, two–thirds of the world's population will be water
stressed. [6] If this proves to be correct, then will two–thirds of the world's population be hungry?
We use so much water to produce even the simplest of agriculture. It takes 2,000 to 5,000 liters of
water to make food for just one person, not to mention that humans need to drink 2.5 liters of water
daily. [7]
Figure 1 [8] The Main

The Cost Of Greywater Recycling
Reduce. Reuse. Recycle. Do something great. Donate your time to recycling. We hear it all the time
to save our environment through recycling. What we do not hear too often is that there is potential
for the costs of recycling to outweigh the perceived benefits. More specifically one way to recycle is
through the process of greywater recycling. "Greywater is household waste water from all
household plumbing fixtures except toilets and garbage disposals, which is considered black water"
(The Natural Home Building Source). This includes water from bathing, bathroom sinks, and
laundry that doesn't include dirty diapers (Curry 2010). The relevance of this topic derives from the
fact that everyone within this world needs water, but it turns out the supply of freshwater is
effectively reduced by pollution and contamination (Coleridge). ... Show more content on
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In this essay I will interpret three benefits to my topic, which include greywater usage for watering
can increase plant growth in arid climates, greywater systems can reduce your monthly water bill,
and greywater recycling systems reduces the amount of high quality freshwater usage by
substituting the water demand not intended for drinking within households. I will follow my benefits
with three costs including, microorganisms in greywater can cause serious diseases and sicknesses,
installation costs associated with obtaining a greywater system can be expensive, and greywater
systems often require maintenance, which increases the monetary cost for the user. After each claim
I will follow with supporting facts that make my claims valid and allow me to interpret the evidence
meaning. I will conclude my essay by reiterating my thesis and my claim's key evidence to explain
if the costs of recycling truly outweigh the benefits of

Water Conservation Of Water
Generally, the term recycling is applied to metal cans, glass bottles, papers, plastic bottles, food
waste, and cardboard boxes. However, water can also be recycled every time you shower or wash
your hands. The water that comes from these activities is called greywater. It is not as dark as
sewage water, and it is easily distinguishable from tap water. Water recycling is defined as reusing
treated wastewater for beneficial purposes such as watering gardens, field irrigation, parks, golf
courses, fire hydrants, cooling industry machinery, and toilet flushing. Recycling water helps saves
fresh water and money as well. Recycled graywater applications are becoming popular due to
increased demand caused by droughts and increased domestic energy needs. Water recycling will
soon be economical, effective, and successful in creating a new and reliable water supply without
compromising the health of the general population. By addressing this issue, we can ensure the
conservation of water by reusing what we already have.
A few changes to current plumbing methods will allow us to recycle and reuse greywater as can be
seen in my model. All new residential constructions should use an enhanced version of my prototype
and should include pipe outlets to collect gray water at a central tank. Filtration of grey water
techniques is out of scope of my project. Reusing treated greywater for toilet flushing can save
approximately 25 gallons of potable, or drinking, water in an average household every day.
Additionally, reusing treated greywater in a clothes washer can save approximately 40 gallons of
potable water in an average household per day. This shows that by making a small adjustment, great
impacts can be made. In Texas, no authorization is required for the domestic use of less than 400
gallons of gray water each day. Recycling water can save energy because its takes a lot of power to
send water around. It may also contain high nutrients and is useful for irrigation. Recycled water can
help reduce waste water discharge into oceans and thus reduces pollution. The only possible way we
can stop drought as well as future and present water shortages is by raising awareness about the
benefits of reusing greywater. This is turn

Honolu Climate
Climate of honolulu
Honolulu is located on the island of Oahu in the Hawaiian archipelago. Honolulu's climate is what
most would consider ideal, contributing to Honolulu's popularity as a tourist destination. The
warmest month is August with an average high temperature of 88.9F and a low of 74.7F. February
the coldest months, has an average high temperature of 80.7F and a low of 65.4F. The highest
temperature ever recorded in Honolulu was 96.1F and the lowest on record was 52F. Normally,
Honolulu doesn't experience a large range of temperatures, most days falling between the mid 60's
to high 80's all year long. The D.C. area experiences similar high temps to Honolulu but in the
winter months it becomes much colder. D.C. average temperature range is 60F while honolulu's is
23.5F.
Being so near the ocean, many uninformed individuals may believe honolulu has a wet climate, but
it's actually the opposite. During its wettest months,October through February, Honolulu receives
barely more than 2 inches. December receives the most rainfall with only an average of 2.85 ...
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Coal, gas and oil and are being consumed at an unsustainable rate. Additionally, fossil fuels
contribute to global warming, which has numerous, dangerous repercussions. One alternative energy
source is solar energy. Solar energy is a great alternative because it is cost effective, low
maintenance, renewable, and does not produce pollution. An additional bonus is that extra solar
energy produced can be sold back to the general power grid. The only drawback is that solar panels
only work when the sun is out, which makes it unpractical for some climates. As previously
mentioned, Hawaii receives little rain due to mountains, and it receives plenty of sunlight due to its
latitude. Hawaii has the 6th highest solar potential rating in America. Solar energy would not only
save money and be highly practical, it would benefit the

Waste Water Management
Water Quality; Wastewater Management
Water Treatment
Charles E. Best, Jr
TUI University
BHE 314 / Module 3 Case
December 22, 2010
Professor Dr. Nathaniel Ofoe
With the United States growing and cities becoming larger and larger day by day, communities have
been battling water shortages all throughout the country. For the past fifty or so years reclaimed
water has been used all over the world. Within the course of this case paper I will attempt to
compare and contrast the secondary water treatment methods to that of the tertiary water treatment
methods.
Wastewater treatment is classified as primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment; this is the process of
how wastewater actually becomes recycled water. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Here's a little history behind reclaimed water. This is not something new this has been around for
almost 100 years, for instance in 1912 the first use of reclaimed water began with the irrigation of
the Golden Gate Park in San Francisco. In 1966 Florida established the Tallahassee Reclaimed
Water Farm, and because of that Florida now has 440 systems that reclaim 659 million gallons of
water per day this is more than any other state. However the question still remains is reclaim water
safe? According to the Water Reuse Foundation (2009), major studies have proven that reclaimed
water is infact safe for landscape irrigation and other purposes. Also, reclaimed water through the
process that it goes through is essentially pathogen–free, sparkling clear and can safely be used by
residents for irrigation and by businesses for irrigation, cooling and other industrial purposes. It also
goes on to say that Florida leads in safety and that there has been no water related illnesses in over
40 years. Is reclaimed water safe to drink? With populations growing and water becoming a
necessity in most areas of the world research is in effect. However we tend to cringe on the fact of

actually drinking reclaimed water because we have that preconception of reclaimed water in a toilet
and then the thought of drinking the same water. Reclaimed water is highly

The Use Of Water From Aquifers And Reservoirs Without...
The drought in the western United States has been going on for nearly five years and while there are
countless ways to lessen the effects, there isn't much action being taken. If nothing is done, the
supply of groundwater in the United States along with the quality of it will greatly diminish within
the next few decades. In many Western states such as California, the residents haven't been taking
much notice to the situation due to their use of the use of water from aquifers and reservoirs without
strict regulations. The continuous use of water from these aquifers will eventually result in empty
aquifers and no fresh, potable water for residents in the affected areas and in order for a change to
actually be made the people must realize what kind of situation they are actually in and that if they
do not follow regulations put forth they will be in a dangerous situation. Aquifers are being tapped
into in order to supplement the water not being provided naturally throughout the drought. The
water being taken from these aquifers are distributed for many different uses, but the number one
consumer of this water is agriculture. In the United States around 80 percent of the nation 's
consumption of water goes towards agricultural purposes and in western states almost 90 percent of
their water supply (USDA, 2013). If these states continue to use the groundwater from aquifers and
reservoirs, such as the Ogallala, at such a high rate, roughly 70 percent of this water will be gone in

Greywater In Tiny Homes Research Paper
Greywater Reuse in Tiny Homes Water, thousands of gallons of it are used everyday, but how much
can be reused? Water is used and wasted everyday: washing clothes, washing hands, brushing teeth,
and showers. Much of that water can be reused, this water is labeled as greywater. Many tiny homes
have an issue with getting rid of this water. Greywater in tiny homes removes easily because, it can
be put on plants which filter the water, can be easily stored, and won't harm the environment when
natural or biodegradable products are used. To begin, The use of greywater has been around for
many years. The greywater system was first legalized in early 1989 by the county of Santa Barbara,
California. The Santa Barbara board of supervisors approved

The Need And Implementation Of Wastewater Usage
The Need and Implementation of Wastewater Usage
Introduction
Water is one of the most abundant substances on Earth, but the vast majority of it cannot be used for
human or industrial use because of the salt content. With cost effective desalination processes
several years away, we are limited to fresh water resources such as lakes, reservoirs, and aquifers,
but these resources, in many areas, are being used drained at rates faster than they can replenish, or
are too difficult to reach. Agriculture is one of the primary users of wastewater, as the Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO) points out in their publication "The Wealth of
Waste: The Economics of Wastewater Use in Agriculture". This is why the agriculture ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
2). How little water is available for a population of seven billion people inhabiting this planet is
staggering and a little frightening. To compound the problem, "[m]ost fresh water is remote from
civilization or too difficult to capture for use"(Winnpenny et al, pg. 2). Also the average person may
not consider fresh water for anything other than consumption or cleaning, but that is simply not the
case as this reports points out. "Water is essential not only for direct human consumption and
household purposes, but also for producing the food and manufactured goods necessary for life and
improved standards of living"(Winpenny, et al, pg. 2). With all these concerns in mind, a good
argument for recycling wastewater can be made.
The Current Practice of Wastewater Reuse
At the time of the publication of "The Wealth of Waste: The Economics of Wastewater Use in
Agriculture", there were over 3,300 water reclamation facilities in the world, with the vast majority
in the United States and Japan(Winnpenny et al, pg. 11). There are also several hundred spanning
every continent sans Antarctica. All of these facilities are reclaiming wastewater for various uses
including human consumption, recreation, irrigation, and other industries. "In Europe, most of the
reuse schemes are located in the coastal areas and islands of the semi–arid Mediterranean regions
and in highly urbanized areas"(Winnpenny et al, pg. 13). The location of these

Under Ecological Sustainable Principles Assessment
Under Ecological Sustainable Principles assessment in term of water quality, the assessment will use
one operational principle which is precautionary principle. Precautionary principle means that any
activity must have scientific evidence to support those actions or if the action has a potential harm
effect to the environment, it is mandatory to take action regardless scientific proof (Kriebel et al.
2001). Water Urban Sensitive Design (WUSD) could be used to assess water quality as scientific
evidence for precautionary principles. Best management practice for WUSD are divided into two
groups first group is potable reduction, which has standard for water efficient appliances including
fitting, the availability rain water tank, landscaping ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To keep water efficiency, the plan encourages using native vegetation and a special plant for
landscaping that requires a low water need to maintain. Irrigation for private garden will use
greywater that come from washing and shower either single house or apartment. The plan uses 2
techniques to maintain stromwater first technique uses lined soakwells, which will increase the
ability of water to absorb by the ground and biofiltration swales, which is adding a biologic
substance to enhance the stromwater quality (Department–of–Water 2015). The second technique is
using roof garden where the multiple dwelling has mandatory to provide 10 % roof garden to
prevent stromwater run off. Based on WSUD guidelines, it can be concluded that the proposed plan
has met standard to keep water quality. In Economic development, principle of energy efficiency
will use to assess the plan. The operational framework of this principle is using efficiency principle.
It means that plan should encourage using resources wisely. The plan proposes to build pedestrian or
footpath for most streets in the area that will encourage the resident for walking or cycling.
However, education and commercial places are located around 1 to 2 kilometres. The standard for
walk able is around 400 metres and it could increase to 1.2 kilometres if the area provides with
convenient facilities (– 2009). In addition, the Perry lakes area is served by public transport, which
could reduce

Water Scarcity
Water scarcity is the lack of sufficient water sources in a country or a region. It can affect 2.8 billion
people around the world one month out of a year. More than 1.2 billion people around the world
lack access to clean drinking water.
According to the UN about 2.7 billion people across the globe will face water shortages by 2050 if
changes aren't put into place. That's nearly ⅓ of the world's population and on top of that 2.5 billion
will find it hard to find enough freshwater to meet their daily needs.
As the driest inhabited continent, Australia is definitely not immune to this and must make some
changes. So, how do people go about making changes and what are those changes?
Water scarcity can be caused by water pollution. Water pollution comes from many sources
including pesticides and fertilizers that wash away from farms, untreated and untested human
wastewater, and industrial waste. Even some groundwater isn't safe from pollutants because they can
leak through the ground to underground aquifers.
Another cause of water scarcity can be agriculture. Agriculture uses ~70% of the worlds freshwater,
and still some 60% of this water is wasted due to leaking irrigation systems, bad methods of use and
cultivation of crops that are too thirsty for where they are being grown. Also many countries that
produce large amounts of food– including India, China, Australia, Spain and the United States– are
getting close to their limits in terms of water resources. Added to the

Water Is The Necessity Of Life Without It Every Living...
Water is the necessity of life without it every living organism on the planet parishes. This of course
does not stop human kind from exploiting and abusing this priceless resource. Considering the
planet is predominately water it is surprising to know that only 2.5% of the planets water is actually
drinkable (Withgott, 2014). Of that 2.5% there is 70% of it going for agriculture alone which means
that there is less fresh water to go around just to sustain the growing population (Withgott, 2014).
One example that showcases how impactful the lack of freshwater is, is occurring now in the state of
Oklahoma. It's here that Oklahoma State has been suffering through a drought for the last five years
(Layden, 2015). This drought has many ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The overall result is less well–watered soil, which then evaporates more rapidly under global
warming's higher temperatures. That means less moisture in the air, meaning even less precipitation,
while the drier ground is left to bake – thus driving air temperatures even higher. (Spross, 2013)
This leads to issues for the inhabitants of Oklahoma and one example is in Duncan Oklahoma where
the city, because of the loss of 70% of their water supply, will possibly cancel the use of water
outside of homes (Layden, 2015). No more green lawns or washing the family car to maintain the
survivability of their water source, Waurika Lake, which they fear will be depleted by 2016 (Layden,
2015). Another issue that arises from the drought has to do with providing sustenance for a growing
population within an area that is predominantly prairie. With the lack of proper precipitation this
leads many in Oklahoma to resort to aquifers for use at 73% being used just for irrigation to produce
hay, corn, wheat and many others ("Water Fact", 2015). In Steward's et al. (2013) article they did a
study concerning southwest, northwest and western Kansas's usage of groundwater for agriculture.

The Wealth Of Waste : The Economics Waste Water
Book review
The wealth of waste: The economics of waste water use in agriculture. Winpenny. J, Heinz. I, &
Koo–oshima. S. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture organisation of the United Nations, 2010. 129
pages.
Water is one of the valuable resources on earth. Due to extensive usage and diminishing resources ,
we are facing severe water scarcity. It is estimated that only 9000– 14,000 km3 of fresh water is
available for use of humans per year (FAOWATER, 2008). This scarcity in turn has a huge impact
on social, environmental, political, economic and tourism sectors. So the authors has come up with
an idea of reclaimed water recycling and the economic justification of the process. The main
purpose of the book is to provide a solution to the increasing water demands and the impending
water scarcity by considering waste water management as an option. This book also explains an
economic framework for the evaluation of the use of waste water in agriculture, as part of a radical
planning process in water resource designing strategies to provide for a more economically efficient
and renewable water utilization (Winpenny, Heinz, & Koo–oshima, 2010). This is a great book with
simple literature, jargon free and reader friendly. The authors has not only stressed on the problems
of water demand but also the ideal solutions with related examples and possible hindrances. The
execution and outline of the book was impressive, with the first chapters

Greywater Research Paper
The recycling of water, or "greywater" is household water that is collected from appliances like
sinks, showers and water using appliances such as washing machines. In a raw unpurified state is
commonly used for vegetation, places like parks, golf courses and local governments report needing
to use decreased amounts of expensive fertilizers. Although any water used on city or government
property that is "greywater" must first go through a purification process. The decreased need for
fertilizer was found to be a cause of nutrients previously in the water that were not removed during
the purification process.
Although the possible benefits of using greywater there are problems arising with public use,
greywater is substantially more expensive to use. So many substantial users such as farmers and
other large scale potential users of greywater very rarely use greywater because of the expense
difference, water costs about $130 per–acre foot. But when using greywater it costs about $300 per–
acre foot due to the necessary treatment process. The cost difference very commonly outweighs the
environmental benefits.
Blackwater? Blackwater is the water is the waste water from most other household appliances such
as toilets,dishwashers and garbage disposals. This is different from greywater because it is deemed
unsafe because of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Colorado river, Mississippi river) which almost always receive wastewater discharges from cities
along the river. Water from many large rivers has been reused, treated and replaced back into the
river at least several times before it reaches many of the lower cities down river. Planned recycling
is commonly done onsite at many commercial, residential, and multi–residential facilities using
water filtration systems that purposely reuse the water for a beneficial onsite

Should We Protect Our Freshwater?
Three Percent is not Enough Think about the world and the future generations that are going to have
to live in it. By not contributing to preserving freshwater, people in the world now are going to force
future generations to suffer the consequences. Is this something that parents should have to burden
their children with? Droughts are currently happening everywhere is the U.S. Recently, there has
been many droughts in California which have shown light on this crisis that has gone on for years.
Freshwater is not endless and due to the luxury use of it in places like California, laws are starting to
form trying to prevent this misuse as well as the cost of this valuable necessity has been raised to
encourage smarter usage. Despite ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
American's are oblivious and are using this precious water without a second thought to complete
everyday tasks like water their yards and gardens. Since the clean water that is used to complete
these tasks is very cheap, most people do not see the need to find alternative ways to water their
lawns or gardens. Due to this, to dieter the misuse of freshwater, raising the price of freshwater has
been talked about as a solution to this problem, in hopes that some of this water is conserved.
"Higher water prices can, for instance, spur the adoption of measures such as the systematic reuse of
used water (so–called gray water) for nonpotable applications" (Rogers par.18). With all of the water
around us, it's easy to see why people may think that there is an abundant supply of water. However,
only three percent of the earths water is fresh and available for the population to use. With
approximately seven billion people in the world, and around three–hundred million people in the
United States, it is easy to see how the nation is going through this freshwater faster than it can be
replenished. Informing the nation about this crisis is part of the solution to preserving the available
freshwater. Another solution to the problem is also the use of greywater in replace of freshwater. The
reuse of greywater is a way that will preserve our freshwater. According to Laura Allen in her article
From Laundry to Landscape Tap into Greywater, she says that "Greywater

The Water Reseach
Water is a tasteless, odorless and transparent liquid and is commonly described as the universal
solvent (Shih, 2014). Solid, liquid and gas are the states of water that exist in the environment. The
most abundant molecular compound covering seventy percent of our planet's surface is water (Shih,
2014). The amount of water is constant (Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources [OMNR], 2009).
However, only point zero one percent of the total water on the planet is fresh water (OMNR, 2009).
In reference to the city of Toronto, Lake Ontario is the source of fresh water in Toronto. The fresh
water from the lake goes through series steps of purification before it reaches the consumers as tap
water. Firstly, the water from the lake through the pipes. The water then goes through the screening,
where large objects and debris are removed. Next is the pre–chlorination, where chemicals such as
chlorine and alum are mixed in the water. Chlorine kills the pathogens while alum causes the small
particles of dirt to clump together. The clumps of dirt are known as floc. The solid particles are
collected as they settle at the bottom of the basin. To eliminate the impurities from the water, it
undergoes filtration where layers of graded gravel, fine sand and carbon or anthracite. The water is
then stored in holding basins. Chlorine and fluorine are also added in this stage. Sulfur dioxide
removes the excess chlorine from the water. Finally, the last step of purification is to combine
ammonia

Drinking Water In Africa Essay
In Africa three hundred nineteen million people do not have access to daily clean water. That is 25
percent of all the people in africa. Dirty water can have deadly effects on the body. Thankfully there
are many solutions we can put into action such as distilling water, catching fog and recycling water
are very effective ways to get clean water to people in africa.
Not having clean water access regularly can be very harmful causing illnesses, diseases and even
death. Without water the body cannot function properly and cannot retain important vitamins and
nutrients. Dehydration from diarrhea can kill a person if they do not have clean water."While [a
healthy person] might take a couple of weeks to get over Giardia, it could be fatal to a ... Show more
Fog catching is the process of hanging a net outside and letting the fog latch onto the wires that look
like a giant tennis net. After the water hits the net a bucket collects the condescended water which is
then used for drinking.Many countries and nations have been using this method for a while in order
to obtain fresh drinking and bathing water.¨Chilean investigators have estimated that if just 4 percent
of the water contained in the fog could be captured, that would be sufficient to meet all of the water
needs of that nation's four northernmost regions, encompassing the entire Atacama Desert
area¨(David L. Chandler, ¨how to get freshwater out of thin air¨).Being able to catch water from the
fog and be able to supply most of africa with freshwater is an amazing way to solve this

How Does Greywater Affect Plants
The purpose of this project is to investigate if greywater will harm plants. Will greywater effect the
plant growth? Specifically, according to Greywater Reuse (n.d), grey water is gently used water
from your bathroom sinks, showers, tubs, and washing machines (p.1). Greywater contains dirt,
food, grease, and household cleaning products. Greywater is non potable which means it is unsafe to
drink. Grey water contains many harmful chemicals. However, the buildup of salts and boron in the
soil can damage plants (n.d) (p. 1). Some salts are good for plants but some plants can't take a lot of
salt. Some plants are better suited than others for irrigation with greywater. Some plants tolerate
grey water better than others. Such as Melaleuca, Dietes,

Use Of Household Wastewater And Convert It Into Usable...
Greywater systems are a way to use household wastewater and convert it into usable water for other
purposes. For example, wastewater from showers, washing machines, and dishwater can be reused,
mainly for landscape irrigation. Greywater is reusable due to the fact that the water being used does
not come in contact with feces from toilets, hence its reusability. Although greywater may look dirty,
it is clean enough for the use in the watering of a lawn or landscaping. These greywater systems
have been improved throughout the years from when the systems were first legalized in 1989 to the
advanced systems available today.
The use of greywater systems was not legalized until August of 1989 in Santa Barbara, California.
By May of 1991, five ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Code of Practice also covers the the potential risks of greywater recycling. The best way to
learn about implementing greywater system is contacting the Water Unit in the area of relevance.
Water recycling has been proven to be an efficient and successful way to create a new and reliable
source for water without compromising the health of the public. Scientists have been looking for
ways to reuse water, because as water energy demands and environmental needs grow water
recycling will play a bigger role in our overall water supply. With the help of scientific research,
water recycling, along with water conservation and efficiency will allow us to sustainably manage
our important water resources. There are many different practices that scientists have tried, but
greywater systems are the most cost efficient and easiest to be used within a household. Some of the
other options to a Greywater system would be sedimentation, biological oxidation, and filtration.
Sedimentation is the process in which water is separated from solids through the force of gravity.
Wastewater is placed in a primary sedimentation tank giving the water an opportunity to separate.
This technique is the primary treatment for sewage. Biological oxidation is where the demand of
oxygen within the wastewater is reduced, which then will also reduce the amount of active toxins
within the wastewater. This secondary treatment is widely used at sewage plants to

Electrocoagulation In Greywater
Even through filtration shows its effectiveness, biological and chemical treatments still a significant
process as greywater is required further treatment to remove organics, nutrients and surfactants in
greywater (Li et al., 2009). In terms of chemical treatments for greywater, there is limited studies
have been done so far, only a few technologies such as electrocoagulation (Li et al., 2009).
According to Vakil et al. (2014), Electrocoagulation (EC) known as an electrochemical technique,
when water flows through the electrocoagulation cell, caused multiple chemical reactions happen
simultaneously, as shown in Figure 4. First of all, a metal ion is delivered into water, after that water
is hydrolyzed into hydrogen gas and hydroxyl groups on

Argumentative Essay On Black Water
Water is often a resource taken for granted. Often wasted as if we have an unlimited supply. The
hard truth is we don't. This truth is never realized until it has become an issue. For some reason we
tend to procrastinate, waiting until we have the issue to start practicing habits that benefit the
environment, but what sense does that make? We often wait until we see the effects of the damage
we have done to make a change. This is the American attitude. In China, the horrible smog got so
bad that people starting wearing mask just to go outside. Now they are very environmentally savvy
in every way possible, in efforts to put a halt in smog production and fix the damage they have done.
Some countries have jumped on the bandwagon with these practices in hopes to not fall into the
same trap that China did, but unfortunately, we weren't one of them. Environmentally friendly
inventions have been slowly making its way into our society, but we are still a bit behind. Most of
the "popular" technologies are geared the creation of energy, but their other important things needed
for our survival such as water. A technology that is often overlooked and misunderstood is
greywater.
So, what is greywater? Well greywater is gently used water from bathroom sinks, tubs, washing
machines that is put to waste (2002). Some people often get this confused with black water, which is
water from the toilet or water that has come in contact with feces (2002). Grey water may appear
"dirty" being that

Characteristics Of A General Green Roof Water Recycling...
This technical description will depict the parts and characteristics of a general green roof water
recycling system.
Introduction
Audience
This description is aimed toward the general public to be informed on this form of Green
Technology and how it benefits our environment.
Purpose
Sustainable and environmental technology, also known as "green" technology has become a trend in
the design world as our culture has began moving into this era of "going green." This roof system is
an example of green technology being implemented into buildings and structures that the average
person sees on a day–to–day basis. Essentially this description will help the general public will gain
knowledge on stormwater reclamation through green roof technology. The audience will also be left
with the ability to identify this technique on buildings that they might possibly see everyday.
Topic
Green roofs, also known as "living roofs" are a restorative and protective system applied to the roof
of buildings or structures. Essentially it is an extra vegetative layer on the roof of a building. Green
roofs collect rainwater to later be reused to run specific facilities. This rainwater is then run through
a series of tanks and filters before being reused as greywater. Greywater is non–potable water that
can be used for things such as flushing toilets and crop irrigation.
Overview
This description depicts the characteristics of a green roof and the process of recycling and
reusingthe water that

The Problem Of The Human Body
The human body is more than 60 percent water and humans can only live roughly a week without
water. With that in mind, people today are not preserving enough freshwater. At the rate it's going,
parents are burdening their children and future generations with their choices towards water
preservation. Droughts are happening everywhere is the United States. Recently, the many droughts
in California have brought to light the severity of this crisis that has been silent for years. Freshwater
is not endless and due to the luxury use of it in places like California, it has reached the point where
laws are now starting to form in effort to prevent the misuse of freshwater. The Us and other
economic powers are even raising the prices of freshwater ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
With all of the water around us, it's easy to see why people may think that there is an abundant
supply of water. However, only three percent of the earth 's water is actually fresh and available for
the population to use. With approximately seven billion people in the world and around three–
hundred million people in the United States, it is clear that the nation is going through this
freshwater faster than it can be replenished. Raising the price isn't the only solution though, using
greywater as a substitute for freshwater may solve the same problem. The recycling of greywater
can preserve our freshwater. In her article From Laundry to Landscape Tap into Greywater, Laura
Allen explains that "Greywater refers to all used household water except water from toilets" (73).
Reusing graywater is important and can be used in many ways to help conserve the nation 's
freshwater. The idea of "laundry to landscape" explains how systems can be installed in any home
connecting to either a washing machine or the water that was used in a shower, bath, or sink that
take this "greywater" and pump it outside to irrigate the lawn and plants, or even engineer it to go
back inside and be used as toilet water. The main idea is to get the most out of the water before
having it sent to be treated again or sending it

Essay on What´s a Grey Water System?
In these modern times we are slowly decreasing our water supply, so that in later years there will be
a water supply shortage. In the past centuries, mostly in the last few decades, humans have been
using an abundance of water and therefore increasing the risk of water of shortages. Now, humans
are using even more water and so we have had to discover ways to reduce our water usage. There
are different solutions to this problem including just overall using less water, and using water
conserving devices (shower heads, wash machines). Another way to conserve water is to install a
greywater system. A greywater system allows the water that you have already used to be used again
in different ways. The water can be reused in the house or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Diversion and filtration devices: Diversion and filtration devices are used to divert the grey water
directly to the lawn or garden with the plumbing and/or hoses. This may use unfiltered water.
Treatment and reuse systems: The treatment and reuse systems run the greywater through a
treatment system and then is reused to flush toilets, wash clothes or above ground irrigation.
Grey water systems don't have an exact cost. The cost of the system depends on many things
including the complexity of the system, yard size and the type of the system. A greywater system
can cost anywhere between $700–$10 000 or more. When using the diversion and filtration devices
to water the gardens or lawn the larger the yard the larger the system will get which makes the
system more complex. When using a treatment and reuse system the size of the yard doesn't really
matter because the system reuses the water in the house. However the treatment and reuse system
tends to be more complex than the diversions and filtration devices because the treatment and reuse
systems have to be filtrated and the other systems don't. This causes the treatment and reuse systems
to be more expensive than the others. The treatment and reuse systems are more complex because
the water has to be filtrated and then diverted back into

Alayna Tyrell: A Narrative Fiction
After Alayna had finished dressing all of Lyanna wounds, the Stark girl insisted that Alayna come
with her to meet her elder brothers and the friend who's honor she'd defended. For some reason,
Alayna found herself unable to refuse the strong willed woman, whose arm was now threaded
through hers as Lyanna led them towards her family's tents.
"Brandon! Eddard!" She called out to two men whose appearances were very similar to that of
Benjen as they entered the largest of the five tents, "I'd would like to introduce you to Lady Alayna
Tyrell. She's been most kind to me."
The pair of Stark men bowed before Alayna as the broader built man, Alayna assumed to be
Brandon claimed her hand and pressed a kiss to the back of it, "Well met, my lady, Brandon Stark, at
your service." ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She hadn't missed the double entendre in his words either. Brandon Stark exuded animalistic
confidence and sexuality. Not unlike Robert Baratheon in that regard, but his reputation wasn't
nearly as blemished. No wonder Ashara had taken Lord Rickard's heir to bed the previous night. The
pair certainly had a lot in common.
Curtseying in return, Alayna smirked, "Well met, my lord. However, I have no need of your
services."
Brandon snorted and took a step back from her, nudging his younger brother forward. The quiet man
seemed much more subdued than the rest of his siblings with icy grey eyes that seemed to bore right
through her as he also bowed, "Eddard Stark, second son of Lord Rickard of Winterfell."
Repeating the pleasantries she'd shared with his elder brother, Alayna offered the shy man a kind
smile, "Alayna Tyrell, first sister to Lord Mace of Highgarden."
Alayna swore she saw the hint of a sparkle in his stolid eyes at her thinly masked joke. Perhaps there
was a bit of life in him after all. But she didn't get the chance to think on it much more as Lyanna
shoved a sandy haired young man towards

Research article by Kavitha and Sugirtha (2013), on a...
Research article by Kavitha and Sugirtha (2013), on a topic evaluation and sediment quality
assessment of two perennial ponds revealed that the water from selected perennial ponds are fit for
domestic purposes and aquatic life. The present study was conducted to determine the sediment
quality of core sediment of ponds. In this study, the concentration of all parameters were analyzed.
The percentage of sand, silt and clay were observed and they found that it differed in relation to
depth. Mostly, sediments in an aquatic life have a high contamination capacity especially for trace
and heavy metals. In this study, five variables were considered which are cadmium, chromium,
copper, lead and zinc. Several of the elements are highly hazardous ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In this research study, the aim was to determine the sediment oxygen demand (SOD) at different
locations among the river and the relationship between SOD and the characteristics of the sediment.
Recent analyses of contaminants associated with municipal waste waters show that sewage effluents
affect both water and sediment quality. Neary (2008) reported that nutrients and waste discharge
with high concentrations of organic compounds can lead to anaerobic conditions as a result of the
decreased DO concentrations. In a recent studies by Pratheesh and Sujatha determined whether the
water from the selected sites are fit for the aquatic life and used freshwater to meet domestic
purposes. They reported that the problems related to shortage, misuse and pollution of water are
becoming more and more complex with increasing population, industrialization, commercialism and
urbanization.
In the hydrological cycle, less than 0.1% of the metals were actually dissolved in the water and more
99.9% were stored in sediments and soils (Karbassi et al., 2007 and Pradit et al., 2010). They
discovered that their toxicity can bring into heavy metal pollution and it was one of the largest
threats to their environment that affects directly on flora, fauna and health. They conclude in this
research that various sources of heavy metals were some originates from anthropogenic activities
like draining of sewage, dumping of

Analysis Of Riparian Buffer Zone Between An Aquatic...
1. Riparian Buffer Zones
A riparian buffer zone is an area of vegetation in the transition zone between an aquatic environment
and a terrestrial environment. A good buffer should have these combined attributes:
– Connectivity and Continuity, Width, Vegetation
The vegetation provides shade to regulate water temperature, the plants' root structure serves to
stabilize the banks and reduce erosion, the leaf litter input to the stream provides nutrients for
aquatic organisms, and large woody debris deposits contribute to habitat structure.
The width of the vegetated area provides for a filter or barrier from contaminants associated with
surface run– off entering the water body. A wider buffer is better at sediment removal, pollution
reduction and allowing for biodiversity. A continuous riparian buffer connects the upland areas to
the lowland areas, provides a wildlife corridor and limits entry points for contaminants to the
stream.
To understand the effectiveness of a riparian buffer zone, you would look at different indicators for
assessing its value as habitat vs. its value in protecting surface water quality. For indicators of a
successful riparian habitat, one would survey for sought after species or track the use of the corridor
for species migration. For indicators of water quality, baseline samples should be taken for turbidity,
temperature, dissolved oxygen and perhaps even further chemical analysis depending on the nearby
land use activities. For example, an urban creek

Activated Carbon is Used in Wastewater Treatments
Activated carbon (AC) is an adsorbent in wastewater treatment used in either granular or powdered
form. The filtration device uses AC which has a slight electro–positive charge added to it, making it
attractive to chemicals and impurities. Contaminants that can be removed from the water by
adsorption on activated carbon include both naturally occurring and synthetic compounds.
Advantages:
Absorbs odours and coloured substances from liquids
Traps other carbon based impurities and chemicals (e.g. chlorine)
Disadvantages:
Leakage of microorganisms
Low biodegradability
Encourages bacterial growth as AC filters are saturated with organic contaminants
System Requirements:
Requires frequent filter changing as AC filters reduce in efficiency and increase in bacterial growth
over time
Not suitable for use in Sandikhola
.5.0.2 Constructed wetlands
Constructed wetlands (CW) utilise wetland plants, soils and associated microorganism to remove
contaminants from wastewater through symbiotic reactions. Several physical, chemical and
biological processes occurring within wetlands removes suspended solids (TSS, total suspended
solids), organic compounds (BOD, biological oxygen demand), chemicals (COD, chemical oxygen
demand), phosphorous, nitrogen, metals and pathogens present in wastewater.
Advantages:
Water quality tests on wastewater efﬂuents from various wetlands in Nepal have shown that TSS,
BOD, COD are removed by more than 95%. Similarly, coliform bacteria are also

A Global Plan For Water Conservation
Liquid water is the most valuable resource on Earth, for it allows life to exist. Even though 70% of
the Earth is covered with water, only 3% of the water on our planet is not salt water ("The USGS
Water Science School"), and liquid, potable, fresh water only makes up 1% of the earth's water
("The USGS Water Science School"). What ethical, environmental, and economic developments can
the world make in order to improve fresh water sustainability and availability? Based on "The
Struggle to Govern the Commons", the world can significantly improve its water sustainability, by
developing a global plan to educate people on the importance of a sustainable water supply, provide
technologies and infrastructure to lesser developed areas, to implement a system of tradable
environmental allowances, and incubate community policy making bodies to develop adaptable
regulations for water use, (Dietz, Ostrom, and Stern).
A critical aspect of creating a global plan for water conservation is gathering accurate, scientific data
about all related aspects of water conservation. In "The Struggle to Govern the Commons," Thomas
Dietz, Elinor Ostrom, and Paul Stern describe the necessity to gather accurate and relevant
information from both local areas and world wide (Dietz, Ostrom, and Stern). In fact, without
accurate and relevant information, it is impossible to properly develop local regulations and
infrastructure, much less a global plan. In the academic, peer reviewed Journal of Water

Enviro Development And Development Guidelines
Enviro Development guidelines to follow:
Aspects Requirements to follow Notes
Energy One of the following
1. Photovoltaic System to be installed of at least (minimum) 1.0 kw
2. Gas boosted solar hot water system (2,600 kwh) along with insulation in ceiling and wall (1,500
kwh) and make a minimum total of 4,100 kwh Gas boosted solar – minimum 5 star rated
Energy efficient lights
Water use 1. Specification for grey water recycling system
2. Rain water harvesting system with 3000 L tank and 100 Sqm roof catchment area Dual flush
toilet, taps – minimum 4 star rated
Shower head – minimum 3 star rated
Passive environment Unit orientation towards north light to access daylight into living areas
Outdoor living area – as per the R codes
Good ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Proponent commitments:
During the process, there are certain commitments made by Proponent for Environmental
management, in which 3rd commitment is particularly related to the wetland management which
ensures to focus on the minimisation of impacts on the wetland and make sure that there is no harm
to environment. The commitments are as under:
1. Identification of existing wetland area to be retained;
2. Avoiding direct and minimising indirect impacts on the wetland;
3. Ensuring no net loss of wetland values and functions;
4. Rehabilitation techniques to be employed;
5. Selection of appropriate local wetland and dry land species to maintain and enhance existing
habitats;
6. Mitigation strategies for loss of any vegetation will be investigated, including both on–
subdivision area and off–subdivision area options;
7. Creation of a new wetland area to be located adjacent to the retained wetland and the river
foreshore suitable for Black Swan breeding habitat;
8. Adopt existing mosquito and midge management protocols currently utilised by the City of South
Perth;
9. Monitoring criteria to determine success of the plan;
10. Progress and compliance reporting; and

11. Timing and implementation schedule.
As per the wetland management:
Tasks Description
Objectives to be followed All the objective for the wetland management

The Reduction Of Annual Water Consumption
California is currently suffering from a horrendous drought and as a state, we need to find long term
solutions to our water shortage. If individuals continue consuming massive amounts of water, they
will continue spending exorbitant amounts of money on bills and harming the environment. The
solution I propose is a statewide incentive to use greywater, which is used water that comes from
various parts of a home, commercial building, or farm building that can be reused in other ways.
The main objective of incentivizing greywater is the reduction of monthly water consumption,
which is directly tied to the price of water bills, in addition to aiding the environment. California's
drought is extreme and water bills are persistently rising. Researchers have recorded other droughts
in California's history that have extended longer than the present, but if the population continues to
use copious amounts of water, it could easily exceed previous droughts. In 2013, California had the
lowest rainfall of any year since it became a state (San Jose Mercury News). California has the
largest population of the 50 states, with 38.8 million residents (Tech Times), and produces a
substantial portion of the country's food. Farmers in this state, due to the popularity of California's
agriculture, make more money off of their agriculture than any other state's farmers (The
Washington Post). The drought, however, has enormously impacted farmers' production costs,
depriving them of an estimated

Grey Water Vs Conventional Detergents
Every year Americans throw away billions of containers that end up in landfills. Reusing is a way to
help protect the environment ("Going Green as You Clean: Are 'Green' Detergents Less Toxic Than
Conventional Detergents?"). The use of grey water to irrigate plants is an example. ("Going Green
as You Clean: Are 'Green' Detergents Less Toxic Than Conventional Detergents?") Grey water is the
water produced by showering, cleaning clothes, washing dishes, etc. ("Going Green as You Clean:
Are 'Green' Detergents Less Toxic Than Conventional Detergents?"). Clearly, if grey water is to be
used for growing plants, the kinds of detergents used in the house will have to be eco–friendly
("Going Green as You Clean: Are 'Green' Detergents Less Toxic Than ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
("Life Cycle of Red Wiggler Worms or Eisenia Foetida and Stages.") The red worm egg is smaller
than a grain of rice and is lemon shaped and has a yellow color("Life Cycle of Red Wiggler Worms
or Eisenia Foetida and Stages.") . The incubation period is 23 days and the egg eventually turns a
deep red color("Life Cycle of Red Wiggler Worms or Eisenia Foetida and Stages.") . Eggs hatch at
65– 85 degrees Fahrenheit("Life Cycle of Red Wiggler Worms or Eisenia Foetida and Stages.") .
Second, is the juvenile stage where the worms are exactly half an inch and are ready for
vermicomposting("Life Cycle of Red Wiggler Worms or Eisenia Foetida and Stages.") . Third is the
mature stage which is also the adult stage("Life Cycle of Red Wiggler Worms or Eisenia Foetida and
Stages.") . This stage takes 40–60 days("Life Cycle of Red Wiggler Worms or Eisenia Foetida and
Stages.") . During this stage they are ready to mate("Life Cycle of Red Wiggler Worms or Eisenia
Foetida and Stages.") . Fourth, is called the mating stage where the worms are in need of a
mate("Life Cycle of Red Wiggler Worms or Eisenia Foetida and Stages.") . Lastly, the worm lives in
warm weather and is extremely active("Life Cycle of Red Wiggler Worms or Eisenia Foetida and
Stages.") . They do not like hot, acidic, saline, or dry weather. ("Life Cycle of Red Wiggler Worms
or Eisenia Foetida and

Water Reuse As A Water Management Initiative
Water reuse is a crucial concept in our society, water is a scarce resource and it is needed to operate
many things. Water is used in–stream and in off–stream (Botkin, 2014). Water has been used
extensively for irrigation and for energy production in industrial settings. Water reuse is a water
management initiative that is aimed at conserving our water resources and to allow the continual use
of this precious resource repeatedly. Reused water also known as Reclaimed water is a type of water
has been used by households, Industries ect, and is collected on a treatment site where it is cleared
of various solids, organic and inorganic pollutants, and can be released into receiving streams or be
used again. Water can be recycled after it has been used vigorously to perform various functions i.e
water can be treated and then reused, there are numerous ways in which water can wastewater can
be treated. Wastewater can be treated by Constructed wetlands which are manmade systems that use
the properties of plants, microbial diversity to treat wastewater and to remove pollutants. Manmade
wetlands function on simple principles that natural wetlands use to treat water, but constructed
wetlands are monitored by man. There are various manmade wetlands including Free water surface
constructed wetlands (FWSCW) are crucial in treating water that contains organic pollutants, it
accomplishes this by using a process of microbial breakdown of pollutants, Vymazal (2010).
It is crucial that every

Gary Wockner's Argument For Using More Water
Snow falls gracefully from the sky, landing atop the beautiful Rocky Mountains. When that snow
melts into water, it collects into streams, which run into rivers, and low down into the plains and
further into different states. That water that originally fell as snow will be collected and pumped into
thousands of homes, businesses, and farmlands in order to supply thousands of people with safe
drinking water. One thing people generally do not concern themselves with, is water usage, and so
in the United States alone, approximately 3580,000 million gallons of water was used, with 70
percent of that coming from surface water (Price 1). With so much water usage, the demand has
already outgrown supply, and new ways of providing that supply have been ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Since the reservoir would only be within five miles of Fort Collins, Petschek wonders what would
happen when there would be too much water within the proposed Glade Reservoir and they would
need to release the excess water. Petschek fears that releasing water back into the River, especially
so close to the major city, would induce more flooding and destroy more property, especially
considering there have already been two 100 year floods within 17 years. So, Petschek attempts to
induce fear within the reader that putting a reservoir down cause more flooding, and abandoning the
Glade Reservoir would be a better idea than putting hundreds of thousands of lives at

Sanitation Safety Planning For Sanitation
1. Sanitation Safety Planning
Sanitation safety planning (SSP) is a risk–based management tool for sanitation systems that
prevents exposure to disease–causing excreta, from containment through emptying, transport,
treatment, and to disposal or reuse phase (Organization, Sanitation safety planning, Manuel for Safe
Use and Disposal of wastewater, greywater, and excreta 2015).
SSP can be applied in both formal and informal settings for improving existing systems. SSP is also
useful in the reduction of health impacts while increasing the benefits of reuse.
First step in the SSP is a system assessment, to identify the sanitation chain, exposure groups,
pathways, and potential hazards. Second step is the develop and implementation of ... Show more
The organization responsible for overseeing collection and transport can has to assure the provision
of appropriate equipment, working according to standard operating procedures. Controls may also
include proper design and construction of sanitation systems, working with trained operators, and
have a preventive maintenance program. For example, periodic testing of effluent and checks on
delivery volumes may be included in the monitoring phase. As the performance of the treatment
plant have a serious effect on the way the bio–solids are applied in the farm, pathogens can be
recycled back to the community leading to a disease outbreak. Costs in terms of public health and
businesses reputation need to be taken into account.
Following with the forth step which consist of developing supporting programs and reviewing plans.
When the fecal sludge is delivered to the treatment plant, adequate management is not always done
and some products end in dumping sites leading to serious health and environmental impacts. In that
case, SSP should also identify dumping as a hazardous event and include controls and monitoring to
manage these risks posed to the wider community. A plan can also be developed at the treatment
level, so that effluent and bio–solids meet agreed standards (Organization, Sanitation safety
planning, Manuel for Safe Use and Disposal of wastewater, greywater, and excreta 2015).
2. Sanitation from a Gender perspective
Gender refers to the

Water Supply At Risk Of Depletion
Water is a crucial component to sustain human, animal, and plant life. When a problem that puts
water supply at risk of depletion is encountered, people should concern themselves with the
inevitable detrimental effects of water shortage. California inhabitants are currently faced with this
problem. Although all of California's citizens have some awareness to California's drought issue,
many are oblivious to the drought's severity. They continue to leisurely use water due to
assumptions that the drought is short term or that the lack of water is normal because the state is a
desert. However, evidence clearly supports that California's drought is drastic. In "Storms, Drought
and California 's Water Situation: Key Points," the article ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Fortunately, there is a solution, and it can be implemented in every household in California. A
greywater system is a noteworthy solution, although extremely unknown to the general population.
Greywater is generally known as water that has already been used from different household
appliances such as the kitchen sink and laundry machine, but excludes water from the toilet. It
"constitutes 50–80% of the total household wastewater" (Li 3439). Greywater makes up the majority
of a home's wastewater. As a result, the greywater system focuses on recycling the wastewater in
order to promote water conservation. In "About Greywater Reuse," the article explains that the
system recycles greywater by trying to find a way to "pipe it directly outside and use it to water
ornamental plants or fruit trees." In addition, the system provides homeowners a convenient way to
complete the daily chore of watering their plants. The greywater system is innovative and provides
homeowners a chance to contribute to California's relief from its drought. Although unknown to
many, the greywater system proves to be the most promising solution to preserving California's
water supply with its benefits to homeowners and ability to conserve large quantities of water. There
is already a plethora of solutions to California's drought that people are more aware of than the
greywater system. One solution that has been persistently advocated is to simply reduce daily water

Tips On Building A Home
Tips on Building a Home in Perth Western Australia Article 1 Choosing a Builder and Siteworks. On
deciding to build a home on your ideal block there are a number of things that have to be taken into
account from the very start. 1. The Right Builder – Choosing the right Builder. This is a tricky
business, on one hand if you look at builders Display Homes you may choose your builder based on
the design of the home you have seen. This is not ideal as the builder may not be to your liking but
the design you like is tied to the builder therefore you cannot take his design to another builder. The
other option is to choose a builder based on friends and or relatives experience, then try to find a
design of home that the builder has that will suit your needs. This can be an easy process as most
builders have many designs to choose from. Quality and Specifications of the builder and their
Range can vary vastly from Builder to Builder. One Builder may include Special Finished Bench–
tops where another might have the Standard Laminate for the bench–tops. Obviously this will end in
a different price for the home. So all may not be as it seems with any price difference you need to
compare Apples with Apples. 2. Warranty Considerations – Most builders in Perth have a standard
warranty period of 6 years. This time frame has been set by an Act of Parliament and cannot be
reduced. Some builders however, give a lifetime guarantee this is a good incentive to go with that
builder. It is

Essay on Barrett Sustainability
The Barrett Honors College
Arizona State University–Tempe Campus
Paul Anzini
Erica Pagliughi
CON598: Sustainable Construction
Fall 2013
Table of Contents
Introduction
Background/History
Barrett Today
Going For Gold
Sustainability Evaluation of Barrett (Including Interview with Students, What Could have been done
differently)
Barrett vs. Vista del Sol (Including Talk with Hardison/Downey & DWL)
Conclusion
Introduction
Walking across the very modern, immaculately designed grounds of the Barrett Honors College at
the Arizona State University Tempe Campus, it is understandable why this is a very desirable place
to live amongst undergraduate students. Not only is Barrett ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
As planning for the new Barrett Complex had just begun, they went to the Dean and presented their
idea for a sustainable residence hall at Barrett. The Dean was very receptive to the idea and formed
the Sustainable Living Community to be part of the planning for the new complex (History of BSC
2013). While Construction kept getting delayed, students in the interim formed the Sustainability
House at Barrett as a club to establish a series of short term and long term goals until they could
have their own residential community on campus. Together, the students developed the final mission
statement for the Sustainability House at Barrett:
"Understanding sustainability as a holistic perspective from which to view the world allows us to
recognize the interconnectedness of all things. This perspective leads to a critical examination of our
role in society and the complex and evolving relationship between environmental, economic, and
social issues. We realize that our success and happiness depends not only on ourselves, but also on

our community and surroundings. As a student initiated and consensus–based group, the
Sustainability House at Barrett seeks to act as a support community for integrating sustainability
into the lives of its

The Environmental Performance Of New And Existing Buildings

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