Michael Poters Frame Work

Michael Poters Frame Work
MZUMBE UNIVERSITY (CHUO KIKUU MZUMBE) SCHOOL OF BUSINESS DEPARTMENT
OF BUSINESS STUDIES MBA– CORPORATE MANAGEMENT BUS 5021 Strategic Business
Management. GROUP ASSIGNMENT 1. GROUP MEMBERS S/No.NAME 1. BERTHA
MARERE 2. CELESTA KAGWI 3. ERASTO NZOTA 4. MARIA KALUSE 5. AZIZA
ABDULRALMAN 6. AGNESS KILINDO 7. JOHN SIULAPWA 8. HENRY MFUMU 9. PAUL
HUMBI 10. WAKIBARA NGETA DATE OF SUBMISSION: FRIDAY 16/11/2013. TABLE OF
CONTENTS 1.0. INTRODUCTION. 1 1.1. The Mobile phone Industry of Tanzania 1 2.0
.PORTER'S FIVE FORCES FRAMEWORK MODEL, PFFF 1 2.1. Degree of rivalry among
existing firms. 2 2.2. Threat of substitute Products or Service. 3 ... Show more content on
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Michael Porter provided a framework that models an industry as being influenced by five forces
(Porter, 1980). Theseinclude the threat of new entry, the threat of substitutes, and the power of
buyers, the power of suppliers and competitive /Degree of rivalry. Figure 1 provides details of the
framework Threats of New Entrants Figure 1. Porters Five Forces Framework. BargainingPower of
Buyers Bargaining Power of Suppliers Degree of rivalry among existing firms Threats of Substitute
Products SOURCE: Porter, M E. (1980) A discussion of each component of the model is as follows:
2.1. Degree of rivalry among existing firms. Competitive rivalry is organizations with similar
products and services aimed at the same customer group. The degree of rivalry among the
competing firms is affected by a number of factors. These include: * A larger number of firms
increase rivalry because more firms must compete for the same customers and resources. The rivalry
intensifies if the firms have similar market share, leading to a struggle for market leadership. * High
fixed costs result in an economy of scale effect that increases rivalry. When total costs are mostly
fixed costs, the firm must produce near capacity to attain the lowest unit costs * Low levels of
product differentiation are associated with higher levels of rivalry. Brand
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Cipd Change Management
1.1 Change management is described by Armstrong (1) as "the process of achieving the smooth
implementation of change by planning and introducing it systematically taking into account the
likelihood of it being resisted". Change, the fundamental constant in any successful organisation,
can be adaptive, reconstructive, revolutionary or evolutionary and can happen for a number of
diverse reasons: * Growth challenges * Economic Challenges * Strategic changes * Skills and
knowledge capability
The Organisation is a start–up tertiary Private Limited Company non–domiciliary supported living
Agency. Its' purpose being the successful integration of adults with learning difficulties within
society, the objectives ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Michael Porter's" five force model" illustrates environmental impact in a highly relevant, applicable
way. Worldwide, environmentally friendly considerations are increasingly important when
considering stakeholders, partners, employees, ethics, suppliers, professionalism and markets.
Internal changes may be triggered by organisational strategies: centralisation/ merger due to
pressures of "economies of scale" for market–place competitiveness, which may lead to closures,
redundancies, change in Job descriptions, re–training / re–skilling.
All of which will have a financial impact on the business, with reference to people management,
reputation and future Budgeting. As facilitators HRM are pivotal in the achievement of continuous
organisational improvements and personnel performance. Ulrich postulates a key role of HRM is
that of change agents, delivering organizational transformation and culture change, the importance
which has been emphasised by Johnson and

Improving Employee Retention at Metrojet Ltd
Improving employee retention at Metrojet Ltd Research methodology Research design This study
uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative research designs. The quantitative research design
is associated with the positivist or post positivist paradigm. It involves the collection of data into
numerical form to enable statistical conclusions to be made and conclusions to be drawn. According
to ADDIN EN.CITE Freeman2007185Freeman, Marrais, Preissle, Roulston, and Pierre
(2007)18518517Freeman, MelissaMarrais, Kathleen dePreissle, JudithRoulston, KathrynPierre,
Elizabeth A. StStandards of Evidence in Qualitative Research: An Incitement to
DiscourseEducational ResearcherEducational Researcher25–323612007American Educational
Research Association0013189Xhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/4621065 HYPERLINK l "_ENREF_9" o
"Freeman, 2007 #185" Freeman, Marrais, Preissle, Roulston, and Pierre (2007), the qualitative
research designs creates objective, formal and systematic studies which make an attempt to describe
the variables in the study and the relationships between them. A descriptive approach will be used to
analyze information collected from a small sample that will give an accurate reflection of the
population under observation. The qualitative research design is associated with the social
constructivist paradigm and will be used because it is subjective and it strives to understand the
dynamic nature of activities being conducted by the organization and focuses on

Security Issues in International Relations Are Best...
'Security Issues are Most Effectively Addressed by a Neo–Realist Approach to International
Relations.' Discuss.
Security has been the source for much debate within International Relations; ranging from the
optimum way to provide security, through to the definition of security itself. Neo–Realism has, in
the past, been the dominant approach to security issues within International Relations. However, in
the past few decades events such as the end of the Cold War, international terrorism and
globalisation have dramatically changed the world, which has only intensified the debate over which
approach most effectively addresses security issues within International Relations. This essay seeks
to argue that although, at one time it may have ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Neo–liberals are prepared to go to war but it is generally accepted as a last resort, with the use of
economic sanctions the preferred security method; the belief of peace via co–operation. Neo–
liberals view sanctions as a means of preventing a 'rogue' state from violating the international
norms (Martin, 1992). The neo–liberal understanding of the international community lies within
increasing interconnectedness and the utility of international institutions such as the EU and UN.
The security of Israel has weakened in recent years due to threat posed by Iran and their suspected
research into the development of nuclear weapons. In 2005 the EU imposed trade sanctions on Iran
due to resuming of nuclear activities (European Commission, 2012). A form of collective security
occurs when all states stand to lose something from war; collective insecurity leads to security. Kant
would argue that even though the international system is anarchic, alliances and treaties still exist as
a form of power and security. Buzan (1991) takes this further stating that although economic activity
can generate many different factions within in a state, the international economy itself becomes
powerfully tied together trade, finance and communication.
As previously mentioned, neo–realists place an emphasis upon security via military power, and
whilst there is no denying that military security is

Lenovo: Acquisition Case Of American IBM Personal Computer...
The SWOT Analysis of Lenovo–IBM Acquisition
Case study: The acquisition case of American IBM Personal Computer by the Chinese computer
company Lenovo. This article uses SWOT matrix to analysis the post–merger situation of Lenovo's
PC business and try to demonstrate a possible roadmap for future business.
On December 8th of 2004, Lenovo announced its merging of IBM's world personal computer (PC)
business which included the ThinkPad line of PCs. This deal costing Lenovo $1.25 billion, including
$650 million in cash, 600 million shares and an additional $500 million of IBM's debt.
The merger makes two companies formed a complex joint venture. For Lenovo, even the cost is
relatively high for it to purchase IBM PC at 2004, it benefits a lot ... Show more content on
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Another reason for IBM to sell its PC division is due to its strategy aims. IBM have shifted its major
business from traditional PC productions to its software innovations. For IBM, their strategic
intension to sell its PC business was obey its overall strategy of developing software and reinforing
its service businesses (Deng, 2009). According to Steve Mills, Senior Vice President and Group
Executive, "(Lenovo–IBM's acquisition) allows IBM to focus on system and software innovations
that bring new kinds of value to strategic areas of our business, such as cognitive computing, Big
Data and cloud" (Deng, 2009:81). Therefore, when Lenovo decided to set its globalization
expansion through merger as a strategy, there were no doubt for IBM to act repeatedly on selling its
world PC business. Overall, under the more fierce competition in the domestic marketplace,
Lenovo's international expansion is an "essential stepping–stone for company's growth" (Deng,
2009:82). The acquisition of the two corporates also serves as a push for Lenovo to expand its
business worldwide. The merger provides a possibility for Lenovo to be part of the world–class
company. However, Lenovo and its decision makers as well as the CEO Mr. Liu Chuanzhi have to
face a post–merger integration problem of IBM's former business. In order to analysis the possible
integration strategies for two corporates after merger, the feasible theoretical SWOT framework will
be illustrated in detail.
SWOT analysis is

elasticity of the airline industry Essays
INTRODUCTION
In 1973 Peter Drucker wrote that "mission and philosophy is the key starting point in business" and
claimed that the lack of thought and attention given to them as the cause of many frustrations and
failures in business.
Subsequently Pearce (1982), David (1989), Campbell and Tawadey (1990) and others developed a
body of knowledge on mission statements as a strategic tool essential for good management
practice.
The Ashridge model:
MAINTAINING A CORPORATE FOCUS mission statement is a powerful instrument which can
significantly influence the actions of an organisation
Campbell and Tawadey (1990) put the mission statement into the context of a mission model,
entitled "The Ashridge
Mission Model", which comprises ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Main:
Two thirds of responding organisations with more than 5000 employees had a mission statement
compared with only 40% of smaller companies (klemm and redfearn 2004)
The majority (80.7%) of the people involved in compiling mission statements in UK companies
were of director grade and above. Non– management employees account for only 4.8% of the
personnel involved, with shareholders accounting for only 1% (Table 2). These results confirm the
findings of Klemm et al. (1991) and Rigby (1998) that compiling the mission statement in a plc is a
top–down process, generally the preserve of the most senior managers.
One reason that mission statements are so popular even though there is no direct evidence that they
do any good is that there is no direct evidence that they do any good. In other words, companies
adopt them . . .
. . . because no one can prove that they don't work. So what if you can't prove that mission
statements have any direct effect on the bottom line––it's hard to prove that anything a company
does has a direct effect on the bottom line. Even operating performance can be only tenuously linked

to financial performance, in the opinion of many experts.
Mike Lovdal is vice president of Mercer Management Consulting Inc., which has surveyed
hundreds of companies in this area. "A mission

The Meaning of Mental Health and Ill-health
Mental health as Pilgrim (2005) stated is used positively to indicate a state of psychological
wellbeing and negatively to indicate its opposite, or euphemistically to indicate facilities used by, or
imposed upon, people with mental problems (pg 3) although Richards (2002) argued the concept of
sanity and insanity are relative and may vary according to individual and social perspectives, and
illustrated that an acceptable behaviour at an arts festival may not be perceived similar in a private
home and that there are times when every one of us could be considered to be in an abnormal state
of mind (pg 13–15) and in that regard dispensed the term 'madness' which could have emotive
meaning, is neither a medical term nor a diagnosis and could ... Show more content on
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'Ideas' in the philosophical sense do not fall within this scope; its enquiries are restricted entirely to
facts" psychological and psychiatric treatments according to Szasz were coercion of patients by
practitioners and hence mythical healing masquerading as humane medical treatments (Szasz, 2006;
pp. 42–49). He demonstrated that 'civil commitment' and 'insanity defence' which were paradigms of
psychiatric practices were irreconcilable with the values of individual liberty, but were used by both
psychiatrists and anti–psychiatrists alike (Szasz, 2009). The World Health Organization (World
Health Organization, 2005) however defines mental health as "a being of well–being in which the
individual realises his or her own abilities, can cope with normal stresses of life, can work
productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community", while the
existential psychoanalyst Abraham Maslow (1954) invoked the idea of self actualization referring to
fulfilment of one's human potential (Pilgrim, 2005) and the Department of Health (2004) in its Draft
Mental Health Bill defined mental disorder as an impairment in the

Critically Assess the Pluralist and Marxist Views of the...
Whilst pluralism and Marxism are said to have developed from liberalism and socialism
respectively (through criticising or expanding on those ideologies) thereby both appearing on the
left of the left–right economic scale, a great part of their theories are indeed notably different, if not
completely in contrast with each other. However, if we look closely at these theories, the one
similarity, often overlooked by critics, is the fact that both offer a critique of the state despite the fact
that their views are opposing. In order to understand these views of state, it is important to first
understand the fundamental views of both pluralism and Marxism. Only then can these views be
assessed and finally compared with each other, thereby ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, Marxism had only developed after the death of Marx therefore the ideas which are
attributed to him are bound to differ. All the same, there is one key issue from which Marxism
developed that is said to be evident:
Marx himself believed that he had developed a new brand of socialism that was scientific in the
sense that it was primarily concerned with disclosing the nature of social and historical
development, rather than with advancing an essentially ethical critique of capitalism.
Heywood (2003:125)
So whilst Marxism is essentially a critique of capitalism, Marx initially criticised the Hegelian
theory and so had developed his own views from there, where he had noticed that power was
centralised and, furthermore, effectively abolished the chance of there ever being a classless society.
The pluralist view of the state came about as an objection to state sovereignty, out of fear that the
state would remain totalitarian if power was only exercised within the state as opposed to distributed
amongst society as a whole (Schwarzmantel, 1994; Smith, 2006). Pluralists 'are said to have a naive
theory of how the state behaves 'neutrally' in a liberal democracy' (Dunleavy and O'Leary, 1987:41),
as it is impossible for the state to behave in such a way when power can never truly be distributed
equally and is held within the state in itself. As Nicholls (1975) affirms, those who wanted a
decentralised state were attacked because oligarchy

Essay on Swot and Pest of Fast Food Industry
Holborn College
Subject : Corporate Strategy | Course Work Title : Fast Food Industry Analysis | Module Code :
WAMB 4006 | Module Leader : G.Bowen | Student Name : Parineeta Ubhiryane | Student ID :
37754 No. of words : 1987 (Word limit :2000) | Student's signatureDate: | | | MBA 2009–2010
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Macro–Environment ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Young, 1997)
(Data monitor, 2009)
UK fast food industry earned a revenue of $2.2 billion in 2008, which is 4.4% compound annual
growth rate (CAGR) in time interval of 2004–2008. And it is expected to decrease to 3.5% by 2013,
which will generate revenue of about $2.6 billion. In comparison to Germany and France, markets
will grow with CAGR s of 3.8% and 2.7% respectively over the same period. In the period of 2004–
2008, UK fast food market grew by 1.4% in 2008. (Data monitor, 2009)
Pestle Analysis of the UK fast food industry:
Political Factors
It refers to the degree of intervention by the government in the economy. VAT and corporation tax
affect the fast food market to a great extent. Corporation tax is paid by every fast food company that
is active in the UK market irrespective of its origin. HMRC collects the corporation tax which is
about 28% on the profit that the company makes including the profit that is made outside UK;
thereby the foreign players have to pay double tax. (HM Revenue & Customs) Its effect was
seen, when the announcement to shift its headquarters from London to Geneva was made by
McDonalds in order to avoid the double corporation tax which it was paying earlier.
In contrast, the government reduced VAT from 17.5% to 15% on January 1st, 2009 due to which the
price level went down and the companies in the UK fast food market

MSK Assessments: A Case Study
At first glance, Michael Orr and Alex Sedgwick's clinic room looks just like that of any other
musculoskeletal (MSK) physiotherapists. But there are a few subtle differences. Situated halfway
down one wall is a round, green alarm button. Reflex hammers and other potentially harmful
equipment are locked away out of sight, and the view outside the window includes a high perimeter
fence, topped with coiled and spiralling razor wire.
The band 7 MSK physiotherapists work at HM The Mount, a Category C prison for men, close to
the village of Bovingdon in Hertfordshire.
Hertfordshire Community NHS Trust employed them both after it won the tender for the prison's
healthcare systems in 2014. The trust allocated extra funding to the prison's healthcare ... Show
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As well as providing the MSK assessment clinics and treatment sessions, the physios also play a
large role in a pain management group, collaborating with a GP, a pharmacist and specialist
substance–misuse nurses.
'Our MSK assessments help to inform the group on whether patients are in neuropathic pain or not,'
says Mr Orr.
He explains that painkillers, such as pregabalin, tramadol and gabapentin are highly sought after by
some prisoners.
'Many of these drugs have euphoric side effects so there are people who want to be on them so they
can use them for trade.'
Prisoners who have previously been prescribed pain medication are sent for follow–up assessments
with the physios, who talk to them about their symptoms and conduct some objective tests.
'Some are on them appropriately, but at times it's blindly obvious they don't need medication,' says
Mr Orr.
Ms Sedgewick says that normally, in this type of assessment, a patient's subjective experience would
hold great weight, but in this scenario, the physios have to rely more on objective testing and

Ryanair Low Fare Airline
Executive Summary This paper seeks to explore the marketing techniques utilised by the low cost
airline, Ryanair. Specific analysis of its target market will identify that whilst its cost leadership
strategy is hugely successful in its appeal to the mass market, closer analysis of the increasing
'budget business traveller' segment reveal opportunities for further industry growth poignantly
amidst the current economic climate. Analysis of Ryanair's market position as 'Europe's largest
airline carrier' shows that the airline is currently market leader and cost leader. This is in sync with
the business operation of the 'no frills' concept extrapolating a low cost, high volume market yield. A
specific insight into Ryanair's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This model focused on supreme price differentiation through reducing overheads and operational
inefficiencies, in particular; Flying one type of plane to cut engineering costs High frequency flights
Quick airline turn– round No free meals or drinks on board No seat assignment Abandon Air mile
schemes Keeping overheads down Point to point service Short flights Flights to secondary airports.
Emergence of Ryanair Witnessing the success of Southwest model and its potential, it wasn't long
until its success was imitated in other continental markets. In Europe, the emergence of this new
niche market in the 1990's saw the expansion of two relatively new operators adopting the
Southwest business model; Ryanair and Easyjet. "There is no secret to the success of Ryanair!
Offering the lowest costs in Europe and the best customer service; that is why 67million people will
fly with us!" Michael O'Leary Founded in 1985, Ryanair has grown exponentially to become
Europe's largest airline carrier. Currently the airline services 830 low fare routes across 26 European
countries. Operating in a sector suffering from several external factors such as the war in Iraq and
subsequent rises in the cost of fuel, the recession and the ensuing impact on the disposable income
of the consumer, the

Tabulating System
ARAULLO UNIVERSITY PHINMA EDUCATION NETWORK SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND
DESIGN MAIN DOCUMENTATION OUTLINE Title Page Adviser's Recommendation Sheet
Panel's Approval Sheet Dean Acceptance Sheet Table of Contents List of Appendices List of Tables
List of Figures Acknowledgement 1. Introduction 1. Background of the Study 2. Statement of the
Problem 1. General Problem 2. Specific Problems 3. Objectives of the Study 1. General Objective 2.
Specific Objectives 4. Significance of the Study 5. Scope and Limitation 2. Review of Related
Studies 3. Methodology of the Study 4. Theoretical Framework 5. Description of the Existing
System 6. Proposed System 7. Summary of the Study 8. Recommendations Appendices ... Show
Books, Unpublished Materials, Journals and Periodicals, etc.). It speaks of the researcher's
awareness of the literature in his field and his critical resources. Books: (). , : . Example:
[CHIC1986] J M Chiclov (1986). An Introduction to Distributed and Parallel Computing. Hemel
Hempstead: Prentice–Hall International (UK), Ltd. Journal: (). '', Journal Title, volume number
(issue number), . Example: [BAET1988] J C M Baeten & J A Bergstra (1988). 'Global Renaming
Operators in Concrete Process Algebra', Information and Computation, 78(3), pp 205 – 245.
Conference: (). '', In: Conference Name(editors of the proceedings, ed), . : . Example: [PARK1981]
D H E Park (1981). 'Concurrency and Automata on Infinite Sequences', In: Fifth GI Conference (P
Deussen, ed), pp 167 – 183. Berline: Springer–Verlag. World Wide Web: (year). 'Homepage title'.
URL site Example: [CRUZ1995] J Cruz (1996). 'The Home Page of Juan De La Cruz'.
http://dlsu.edu.ph/aguinaldo. 2. Title Page The first page of a Project is the title page. The title page
presents the title, the full name of the writer, and the submission statement, which includes the
faculty or school, and the institution, the degree sought (granted), and the month and year in which
the degree is to be (or was) granted. 3.

The Impact Of Spinosad And Nucleopolyhedrovirus Alone And...
Impact of Spinosad and Nucleopolyhedrovirus Alone and In
Combination against the Cotton Leaf wormSpodoptera littoralis under laboratory
*1
AA. El–Helalyand HM. El–bendary
2
1.Entomology Department, Faculty ofAgriculture, Cairo University, Egypt
2. Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Egypt
Corresponding author:AA El–Helaly
Keywords A B S T R A C T
Spodoptera littoralis
Spinosad, npvs
Combination
Biological aspects
The toxicity of the two biorational insecticides, Spinosad and NPVs, against neonates of Spodoptera
littoralis (Bosiduval) (Lepidoptera:
Noctuidae) was tested under laboratory conditionsin order to determine the competitive efficacy.
The ability of Spinosad to protect the SpliNPV from Ultra Violet effects under synthetic laboratory
conditions was determined, and some biological aspects of both biorational insecticides and their
mixture were studied. In order to determine whether or not there is a synergetic effect when both of
these biorational pesticides are added together, six different Spinosad concentrations (1, 2, 5, 10, 15
and 30 ppm) alone and mixed with a sub–lethal concentration of SpliNPV (1×10
3
) were investigated. When the Ultra Violet effect was determined, the LC
90
of
NPVs mixed with LC10 of Spinosad, in order to investigate the ability of
Spinosad in prolonging the virus activity. Sample: Department of
Entomology (Virology Unit)

Critical Review of the Current Issues Facing Academia or...
Individually, write a critical review of the current issues facing academia or practitioners, answering
the dilemma: Planning is neither within the grasps of contemporary marketers, nor a realistic
possibility? Include within the report a short personal account (300 words max) of how the review
changed or strengthened your understanding of the relevance of planning (2500 words)
Introduction
In the twenty–first century, global economic conditions create incentives for new market entry and
expansion strategies, the environmental factors affecting these strategies become more and more
complex with intense completive pressures and the speed of technological change. All companies
need strategies to meet changing markets. No one strategy is ... Show more content on
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While some of these deficiencies related to the planning process itself, many stemmed from an
ineffectual organization of the planning activity and a failure to develop the necessary internal
relationships (Simkin, 2002).
Traditionally, planning has been based on the assumption that the future is predictable as an
extrapolation of the past and present. In the face of a radically different future, many organisations
will find that doing more with the same or doing it better will not suffice. (Blanken and Liff, 1999,
pp. 97–98). The planning is unpredictable for the future. Therefore, there are many ways in which
the process can go wrong. For example, Most companies plan, using a combination of forecasting
and budgeting systems. These tend to project current business into the future, which can work if the
future is going to be the same as the present or the past (McDonald, 2002).
Make a successful planning
A successful marketing strategy plan is fit with the appropriate context, whether it is measured
successfully is depends on the companies. Strategies have two essential characteristics, they are
made in advance of the action to which they apply, and they are

Essay on Strategic Risk Management for Llyods Pharmacy
Strategic Risk Management for Llyodspharmacy
Submitted To Mr. TK Submitted By Student no. 1004288
Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 1. Introduction 4 1.1 CURRENT PROBLEMS 4 2. RISKS
IDENTIFIED 5 2.1 Political Environment 5 2.2 Changes in regulation 5 2.3 Changes in consumer
behavior 5 2.4 Competition 6 2.5 Unprofessional Services 6 2.6 Occupational Health and safety
risks 6 2.7 Product risk 7 2.8 Critical systems failure – Loss of Data 7 2.9 Currency exchange 7 3.
MITIGATION 9 3.1 Political Environment 9 3.2 Impact of regulation 9 3.3 Changes in consumer
behavior 9 3.4 Competition 9 3.5 Unprofessional Services 10 ... Show more content on
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The political environment is likely to keep changing in at least some of the countries where Lloyds
is operating. If this is not mitigated it could have higher impact than 3.
2.2 Changes in regulation
Any changes in existing regulation could pose a threat to the company since it operates in regulated
markets. Failure to keep up with the regulation and abide by new rules immediately could have
negative impacts for the company. Prasant Manandhar, head pharmacist at Hemel Hempstead noted,
"These companies could face problems with licensing, processing prescriptions or even with
regulations of product traceability and how products need to be stored etc. quite easily if the
regulations change even slightly."
This is a very regulated market, thus the regulation does not change very frequently however, since
Lloydspharmacy operates in more than 20 countries, it is possible that within the next 2–3 years,
there could be some changes in one or more of these countries. The impact is moderate because
companies are usually prepared for changes like these. Also the mitigation is not very difficult
therefore with a representative in major trade associations Lloyds can be prepared for it.
2.3 Changes in consumer behavior
Change in consumer behavior could negatively impact Lloydspharmacy. If customers spend less on
their products, if shopping habits and preferences change and people

Case Study : Sigma Marketing Management
Glenn Colson
October 14, 2014
MBA 505 Marketing Management
Assignment 2.2 Sigma Marketing
POTENTIAL CHANGES IN EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
No business is isolated from its environment. It is necessary for all businesses to consider the impact
of environment on their business operations. PEST analysis is a useful mode to analyze the changing
business environment, (PESTLE analysis, CIPD). It bifurcates the external environment in to
various dimensions such pas Political, Economical, Social and Technological.
For the purpose of understanding and evaluating this topic, the case study of corporation 'Sigma
Marketing' has been studied. Sigma Marketing is an excellent example of business which is more
likely to suffer as a result of technological changes and advancement. The most critical of the
technological and competitive factors for Sigma Marketing are analyzed below.
Electronic Marketing Trend
As far as the sector of Sigma Marketing is concerned, significant changes are likely to occur in the
near future. Large numbers of companies are changing their methods of advertising. With the advent
of internet and smart phones, this has become the principal medium of advertising for many
businesses. Sigma Marketing needs to prepare for the upcoming changes in this regard.
New Form of Calendars
The major operation of Sigma Marketing is related to the publishing of calendars. Desktop
computers, Laptops and now smart phones all provide the user with variety of calendars at a glance.
The

How Far Can It Be Argued That Popular Culture Is...
The Marxist concept of ideology is used to express the way in which the dominant group in a
society controls the norms and values of that society at the level of ideas. As they own and direct the
production of popular cultural products the dominant group are able to present their ideas as both
normal and natural and `so mystify the `real' conditions of existence' (Hall.1992.p348). In this way
the group holding power exercises maximum control with the minimum of conflict. The general
population accepts the status quo as inevitable, and revolution is avoided. While Marxists view this
as a matter of Capitalist control, Feminists see ideological domination as the means by which
women are encouraged to accept a subordinate role in patriarchal ... Show more content on
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Feminist theory shares much common ground with Marxism and many of the ideas of European
Marxists have been appropriated and used by feminists. It has been suggested that this is particularly
true of the ideas of Althusser and Gramsci (Gramman and Marshment in Strinati.1995.p180). Both
of these theorists place emphasis on the idea of ideology as a means of control. Althusser suggests
that ideology is not merely inherent in popular cultural practices but becomes `material practice'
(Storey.1998.p97) and a part of daily existence. For Althusser ideology is found in the customs,
traditions and patterns of behaviour of everyday life in such a way that social actors are not aware of
their participation in the acceptance and propagation of the ideas of the most powerful group in
society. Using Althusser's theories feminists may suggest that a tradition such as the celebration of
Mother's Day can be seen as valourizing that particular role for women, while failing to recognize
any other. This may lead women to see the maternal role as the most important one for them in
society, thus serving the interests of the dominant male group by encouraging women not only to
become mothers, but also to assume the position of primary child carers. Such an interpretation
suggests that many traditions and customs are to a large extent ideological.

Tim Cota Biography
Timothy James Cota is a citizen in the town of Sherrill, Iowa. He has been a farmer since he was
young. When he isn't farming, he is working with cattle or laying bricks at Cummer Masonry.
Timothy James Cota was born in Dubuque, Iowa on June 20 of 1979. He was born at Mercy hospital
where his mom worked. When he was a child, you would always see him with short curly hair and
Hawaiian shirts with a smirk on his freckled face. Tim's childhood was a lot of work for him. He and
his family lived on a dairy farm his whole life. He had to milk the cattle, feed the cattle and take
care of other things on the farm. He had the help of his 3 brothers though. He had one younger
brother named Ted and has two older brothers named David and Rob. ... Show more content on
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They met in middle school here at Jefferson. She didn't like him at the time because Tim came to
school smelling like manure and she thought farmers were gross. When high school came, they
dated for a very long time. They are married now. She has influenced him in more than a few ways.
One of the ways she impacted Tim was, she helped make him the best he could be. She influenced
him to stay in school and she also keeps an eye out for him. She is his partner in crime. A second
impact in Tim's childhood, was his brother, Ted. When he and his siblings were all around middle
school age, all the boys had to help move a few of the farm tractors to Tim's farm. Ted didn't want to
help that day, but Tim needed his help. He told him he had to and so Ted listened. When Ted was
driving the tractor, he took too hard of a turn. It tipped over and he passed away. This impacted
Timothy a lot. He blamed the accident all on him and has still yet to forgive himself. He doesn't
break out of his shell very often anymore to have a good time because of what happened around 20
years ago. He has gone to a medium with his wife, Lindsey to talk to Ted. Ted told him to have fun
more often and play jokes on his family. He even told him to get a tattoo. Tim's third impact was his
Grandpa Cota. His grandpa taught him how to do everything on the farm. His grandpa was the
person that inspired him to become a farmer and own his own farm. Tim's grandpa was one of the
biggest people in Tim's life growing up. His Grandpa Cota was his inspiration and role

The British Are Coming ! J20 Essay
Executive Summary
The British are coming! J20 is penetrating the American market by bringing, fruity, fun, and
delicious beverage brought over from Europe. Our product will target more millennials, and also
will be affordable and generate high revenue by selling in popular places that are swarmed with
millennials, such as college vacations, campuses, and in high city population places.
Company Overview
Britvic is a British producer of soft drinks based in Hemel Hempstead. They are the second popular
soft drink producers in the United Kingdom. Britvic manufactures different products such as Britvic
itself, Robinsons, Tango and J2O. Out of the four products, J2O is one of the better selling. J2O is a
still soft drink made from fruit juices and is widely popular in the United Kingdom and Ireland. J2O
is available in three main flavors and have seasonal flavors released in the Christmas and summer
time. As of 2007 J2O has been made available in bars and clubs in the Chicago area and is imported
by Exotic Beverage Co. The two most popular flavors that are available are orange and passion fruit
as well as apple and mango. After the success of J2O, it was decided that it was time to introduce
J2O Spritz, a tantalizing blend of fruits, light and refreshing bubbles was introduced in 2015,
available in three main flavors, pear raspberry, apple watermelon, peach and apricot.
Market Overview
There is about 92 Million millennials (born 1980–2000) in the United States, which is 27% of

The Holocaust Was The Systematic Killing Of Over 6 Million...
The holocaust was the systematic killing of over 6 million Jews by the Nazis and their partners.
Although many Jews were killed, many were also able to survive the gruesome times ahead of them,
such as the Brichta Family and the Grossman Family.
The Bricta family consisted of Hermann Brichta, Toni Brichta, Franz Brichta, and their close
relative Fritz Wasservogel. Hermann Brichta was born on a farm in 1897 surrounded by neighboring
Czechs. Hermann was an active participant in WWI and was discharged from the army in 1921. He
was aware of his Jewish ancestry, but thought of it as a nationality, not a religion. Toni Bricta and
Fritz Wasservogel were both born on June 26 1892 in Berlin. When they were the age of 10, their
father died so there were sent to separate orphanages, Toni became the clerk of Berlin branch of the
Allianz or at the Victoria of Berlin Life offices, and Fritz joined the Dresdner Bank straight from
orphanage. Franz Brichta, born on January 30th, 1933 was the only one out of his entire family who
was able to survive the holocaust.
For the Bricta family, it all begin with their first encounter with the anti–Semitism, which included
The anti–Semitic cartoons in display cupboards at street corners, the single bench in parks reserved
for Jews, the many notices "Juden unerwünscht" (Jews not welcome).the family then moved to
pargue from the capital of the Chez Republic to escape the restrictions set by the German
government , once arriving at pargue the family

psychological contract
In recent years, there exist many new types of economy in globalisation, and then it results in
varying new types of job in which different job descriptions depending on different industries. More
importantly, the role of employees is day by day appreciated as a core component in the
development and the success of any organisational productivity and any company respectively. That
is the reason why psychological contract needs to be invented in a new economy whilst loss of trade
unions. Subsequently, this essay will not only clarify how the psychological contract is defined and
how it is evaluated and applied in organisations in reality but also answer the question why a
psychological contract is considered as so important in the management ... Show more content on
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In short, Zhao et al. (2007) led to the conclusions that violation mediates relations between breach
and such attitudes as job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intentions, and that
these attitudes are related negatively to such behaviours as in–role performance, and organizational
citizenship behaviour (Emerald).
However, issues of psychological contract management are not easy to handle in progress. Wilton
(2011) addressed one of key of conflicts of those concerned with ensuring consistent messages and a
clear communication across the organisation for "all employees receive the message and absorb the
sense of organisational purpose" (Mason, 1995, p.22) or how to solve "multiple agency"–related
disputes. Obviously, there are many organisations in which many different agents at a varying levels
of management in a company; as a consequence, this will affect on the quality of delivery towards
the missions, goals and strategies from the top management to the end–employees through line
managers and other supervisor levels.

Portland Plant Turnaround Case Analysis
Portland Plant Turnaround Case Introduction There are different aspects that need to be considered
by the organization when they are working on a project. With the focus on quality and service
perspective the organizations can attain a competitive edge in the market as today the consumers
have a strong focus on the quality, they stick to the organizations which focus on providing adequate
quality service and products to the consumers. The consumers are also focused on having adequate
post purchase service for the product they have purchased. In this case study, we can easily identify
that quality was one of the major issues that were faced by the organization. Quality was the overall
issue that was faced by the company in this case. The company was informed at the very initial stage
that there are some issues with the paper. The paper was curling under conditions of low humidity. It
was important for the company at that time to take care of this issue and work on the improving the
quality and overall condition of the company. If the company compromises the quality, the company
will incur losses and will lose the value that they give to the consumers. The company lacked the
quality as well as adequate planning and quality control of the goods.
Operational Strategy and Performance Quality is one of the five performance objectives and having
a high–quality product or service often represents an essential element when being considered by the
customer. Quality is a

Operation Pied Piper Essay
"Leave Hitler to me, sonny – you ought to be out of London." A very prevalent slogan which echoed
across Britain back in World War II referencing Operation Pied Piper, an evacuation of several
million children, that took place early September 1939 through March 1946. All throughout the
evacuation, children as young as 2 years old were labeled like luggage, separated from their loved–
ones, commonly carried a single suitcase which contained their meager possessions, a gas mask,
and, for some, a limitless amount of frightful tears. The words "I'll have that one" became engraved
in the memories of numerous children, referring to the common phrase used by their forthcoming
guardians when going through the selection process. Although the majority ... Show more content on
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At the time, she lived in Leigh–on–Sea – 60 miles across the Channel from occupied France. When
the day came to be evacuated, she packed her meager belongings – a single change of clothes, a
toothbrush and scarcely anything else – in a sandbag, alongside her eldest sister, with a tag around
her neck, in the case she got lost. Pam boarded a train to Derbyshire, heading for Charbury – once
arrived, she was taken to the village school, and given a small ration of food. She was naturally an
anxious and introverted child to begin with, however the humiliating selection process, brought up
feelings of being unwanted and unloved, which unfortunately stuck with her in later life. The
children – all formerly instructed to stand up and turn around for the locals – were examined and
prodded, similar to no more than cattle. The first to be chosen were those who had either been
attractive or those who appeared to be fully capable of either housekeeping or farm work. Pam and
her sister were among the last four to be chosen, due to the fact that neither of them had attained
either of the desired and preferred qualities. Chosen by the Simpsons, Pam and her sister lived with
a stern and religious couple – Joe worked hard as a miner, who started gaining experience for this
particular profession at the young age of 12 – and Cissy worked as an insensitive and, at times,
callous caretaker. Nevertheless, Pam adored being able to live in the countryside and regularly
watching the wonders of nature and wildlife provided by a nearby farm – such wonders were seldom
ever seen in the small town where she initially lived. Regardless of those very few and far between
moments of bliss and contentment, they unfortunately experienced an

Successful Factors of Malmaison Hotel Chain
SUCCESSFUL FACTORS OF MALMAISON HOTEL CHAIN CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction 2.0
Aim 3.0 Objectives 4.0 Literature Review 5.0 Methodology 5.1 Desk Based Research 5.2 Field
Based Research 5.3 Case Study 6.0 Ethical Issues 7.0 Task List 8.0 References 1.0 Introduction The
research of this project is on the successful factors of Malmaison hotel chain that operates in current
UK ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As a result, the correlation between job satisfaction and job performance is also rather strong
(Robbins, 2007). However, George and Jones (2008, p93) pointed out: "job satisfaction is not
meaningfully associated with job performance". A study that was conducted by Iaffaldano and
Muchinsky (1985) in the 1980s in this area concluded that job satisfaction only accounted for 2
percent of the difference in performance levels across employees. Another more recent review
indicated a very similar result that job satisfaction only accounted for 3 percent of the difference in
performance level across employees. (Judge, Thoresen, et al., 2001) George and Jones (2008) also
mentioned that work attitudes such as job satisfaction affect work behaviours only when employees
are free to vary their behaviours. The study suggested that most of the employees are not free to vary
their behaviours at work because organizations spend a considerable amount of time and effort to
ensure that members perform their assigned duties dependably regardless of whether they like their
jobs or not. However, it is worth mentioning that the hospitality industry might be an exception to
this rule simply because the work attitudes of the employees account for a very heavy portion of the
level of the service in delivering satisfaction to

Mrs. Dalloway by Virginia Woolf
The psychological effect the city environment has on both, the characters and authors, can be seen in
Virginia Woolf's Mrs Dalloway and T.S.Elliot's the wasteland. The lack of unity of Elliot's text has
lead critics to feel the writing is far too fragmented:
My nerves are bad to–night. Yes, bad. Stay with me. Speak to me. Why do you never speak? Speak.
What are you thinking of? What thinking? What. I never know what you are thinking. Think. (TWL:
110) However, as Gareth Reeves suggests in the book T.S.Elliot: The wasteland 'unprecedented
conditions of chaos and disintegration demand unprecedented methods of poetic fragmentation'
(16). Critics, who felt the poem lack form, may have over looked the fact that Elliot has purposely
designed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Huddled between the concrete and the sky, responding to every momentary need. Vibrates
unconscious to its formal destiny.' (31). Deconstructing the lines, this image of a city that produces
people but also in its entirety, kills them too. The city is great at providing for 'momentary' needs but
in Elliot's view, is doomed. There is a parrel to one of the characters in the poem and the city: The
Fisher King. The Fisher King's land is left barren due an injury on himself, making him infertile and
thus his land too which Elliot likens to the state the city may find itself in (Annis).However, there is
some hope. Eventually, although sterile, the fisher king does rise, and the possibility for man to rise
and learn from his makes in an unnatural environment.
Point 2–2–v
In comparison to Elliot's view of the city, Woolf presents the city as a comfort. When Clarissa
experiences the city, she thinks of 'what she loved: life; London, this moment in June'(woolf,4).
Through Mrs Dalloway's eyes the reader can feel the chaos of the city but also the reassurance
people of the city feel in its daily sound. Although there is a lack of countryside beauty, Mrs
Dalloway finds beauty emerging in the cities 'energy and motion'(Roe and Sellers,154). This activity
allows Clarissa to 'make safe, comfortable if fleeting connections with pedestrians'.(Clunky,442).
Clarissa has become a Flaneuse, enjoying

Strategic Direction Of Britvic
Strategic Direction
Britvic plc. is a British soft drinks producer in Hemel Hempstead. It is the second soft drinks
producers in United Kingdom. Also, it is quoted on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent
of the FTSE 250 Index. Britvic plc. manufactures, markets and sells both Britvic and PepsiCo
brands in UK and Ireland, supported by dedicated commercial teams in both countries. In France,
Britvic plc. manufactures, markets and sells our their category–leading brands, as well as supplying
private label juice and syrups.
Company's Strategy
Britvic plc. designed in total four key strategies that leads them to become the most dynamic,
innovative and popular soft drinks company around the world.
The first one is the company would still generate profitable growth in our core markets. The
company has well–established operations in United Kingdom, Ireland and France. Also, it has a
wide range of products. However, the company continues to improve the participation in both soft
drink categories and sales channels. Therefore, innovation is the key ... Show more content on
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As the result, shareholders hire managers(agent) to run the business and act on the shareholder's
behalf. Since managers involved in the daily business, these is information asymmetries between
shareholders and managers. Also, managers are likely to have different motives to principals. In
shareholder's point of view is maximum long–term shareholder wealth but the managers may be
influenced by different factors such as financial rewards, labour market opportunities and
relationships with third parties which are not directly relevant to principals. The management acts in
their self–interests instead of acting in the shareholders' best interests. Therefore, the agency
problem arises because there is a conflict of interest between the management and the

Essay about Ageism Against Teens
"Advocacy is the act of speaking in support of human concerns or needs. Where people have their
own voice, advocacy means making sure they are heard; where they have difficulty speaking up, it
means providing help; where they have no voice, it means speaking for them."
(Herbert, 1989)
APRIL 2003 ––––––––––
ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
Contents
Page 3
Abstract of Report,
Page 3.1
Introduction
Page 4
Aims/Objectives
Page 4.1
Method
Page 5/6
Review of Literature
Magazine Article
Website Article

Observation/Discussion
Children Act 1989
The Human Rights Act 1988
Racial Discrimination Act 1975 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
INTRODUCTION
The aim of this research was to look at the discrimination towards teenagers from certain family
backgrounds, like stepfamilies, ethnic families and single parent families in council housing estates.
The aim is to look at the age range of 13–18 years, as these youngsters have a tendency to be
criticised more by society. With no thought that they are individuals with different morals and
personalities.
There is a high level of petty crime, recreational drugs, truancy and teenage pregnancy in this range
of younger people. There is also a higher level of social exclusions for this age group. There is
always a tendency to lay blame on their circumstances and backgrounds. It is not necessarily true
that if you come from a less adequate background, that you are more likely to be an underachiever.
If you give someone self–esteem then they can always do better. People assume that they can pass
judgement on someone else's life, which is labelling them as inadequate.
Like traditional stereotypes, the teenager has been given a distorted image by the modern media (Int,
2003). Both young people and older adults deserve more choices in where and how they spend their
time. Others should not dictate them, how and where. The need is more acceptable for this to happen
for older

The Practices and Processes Shaping Racism in British Society
The Practices and Processes Shaping Racism in British Society
The concept of racism is a relatively modern term that made its appearance in the 18th century. The
practices and processes that have helped shape racism in British society today must be looked at as a
series of ideologies, that have been built into British institutions and organisations as a consequence
of the historical contexts of colonialism and imperialism. However, ideas of race and differences
between races are rooted even earlier than this, even as far back in history as the 16th century. Even
though racism can operate on levels of both individual racism and institutional racism, it is the later
that will be looked at in this essay together with the historical context ... Show more content on
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These goods were exchanged for slaves who where then taken on the second leg of the triangular
journey to the West Indies and Southern America where they were used to produce goods such as
cotton, tobacco, sugarcane and coffee. These slave produced goods were shipped back to Britain
where they were manufactured or refined, and either sold domestically or re– exported (Ramdin
1987).
This growth of trade during the 16th and 17th century, brought about the establishment of the
Colonial Board in 1661, its objective was to decide how best to populate and work the colonies of
the new world. The political aspect of this was the increasing concern that emigration of white
workers to the colonies would eventually leave a shortage of cheap labour at home. The Royal
Family gave its patronage to the African slave trade in 1680 by the formation of the Royal African
Company (Ramdin 1987). This move could be argued to be seen as giving legitimacy to the belief
that the Africans where more suited to labour than the white peoples, it could be argued that it is
here that we see the first signs of racism emerging in British society.
The 18th century saw a great change in moral and religious beliefs brought about by the period of
the enlightenment. From 1748, arguments arose against slavery. In 1758 the Quakers started to
campaign against slavery and were quickly joined by the Protestants. By 1783 anti slavery had
become a National political issue. This can in some part be

Statement Of Purpose For Architecture
My enthusiasm for architecture has developed from a very young age furthermore remains as a
long–lasting passion of mine. My interest in mathematics and natural talent in art has played a huge
role in my decision of becoming an architect. To pursue my passion for architecture, I studied
graphic design and fine art for A–levels at 'City and Islington College'. This has enabled me to gain
the suitable artistry to visualise ideas and demonstrate my flair for creative design. My art–based
educational background has influenced me to realise that architectural forms are creative
representations of a designer's imagination. Therefore, I believe that architecture is not just a career
path, but also a platform which I could self–express my ideas. I ... Show more content on
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I wish to study the MArch Part II course in order to progress to the next stage (Part II) of this
journey to become a qualified chartered architect. I believe that London Metropolitan University
will help me to capitalise my academic degree and enrich my knowledge whilst allowing me to
explore design ideas. Having seen the overview of the course module, studying a combination of
design, technology, practice, and historical theory at your University will mean that I get the perfect
blend of art, history and science in my teachings. By the end of this course, I hope to have built
upon my creativity and develop my architectural writing skills through the production of design
dissertations. During my time studying the Part II course, I am determined to further strengthen
various transferable skills including communication, teamwork, self–direction and time
management. I believe that these proficiencies will prepare me to progress successfully in my
professional career as a Part II architectural

Essay on The Impact of Domestic Violence on Children
Traditional research to ascertain the effects of living with domestic violence on children conducted
psychological test to measure children's competency and development. Development psychologists
experimented on children in laboratory settings, if the level of competency demonstrated by a child
was below average for their age and stage of development, witnessing domestic violence was
deemed to be the cause. To know whether a child has been harmed by their experiences we need to
how 'normal' children function and develop (Archard 197). But there is no universally agreed
timeless norm of children's health and development. Some psychologists believe domestic violence
effects the way that children think and can cause 'pre–mature' ... Show more content on
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Children also develop psychological coping mechanisms such as; blocking out the violence or on
the contrary, monitoring it closely as a means of feeling in control; children may also talk about their
experiences to a person, pet or object (McGee 2000). Very young children can only show their
distress through their health and behaviour, for example: Sleep disturbances, eating problems,
unnatural quietness and clinginess.
Professionals disregard some of the complex and diverse coping mechanisms children possess by
labelling them as psychosomatic disorders, personality defects or the beginnings of an addiction to
violence. Based on studies of child development in what Jaffe et al (1990) call 'normal' families, a
range of adjustment difficulties can be identified. Difficulties include: increased anxiety,
psychosomatic illness including headaches, abdominal complaints, asthma, ulcers, stuttering,
depression, sadness, withdrawal, fear, a reduction in understanding social situations including
thoughts and feelings of other people (Saunders 1995:10). Behaviours such as: excessive cruelty to
animals, teenage boys beating their girlfriends, disobedience, destructiveness, aggression, nervous
demeanour and children running away from home.
This research was produced within the rigid ethnocentric framework of children's cognitive
development

Return on Marketing Investment
Return On Marketing Investment: An attempt to calculate ROMI
Overview
Performance measures have been used to assess the success of organisations. The modern
accounting framework dates back to the middle ages and since that time assessment of performance
has predominantly been based on financial criteria (Burns, 1998). Double entry accounting systems
were developed to avoid disputes and settle transactions between traders (Johnson, 1983). By the
start of the twentieth century the nature of organisations had evolved and ownership and
management were increasingly separated. As a result, measures of return on investment were
applied so that owners could monitor the performance that managers were achieving (Johnson,
1983). Since that time ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some companies are also appointing marketing controllers to review budget items and expenses.
Increasingly, these controllers are using business intelligence software to create digital versions of
marketing dashboards that aggregate data from disparate internal and external sources (Online –
Citeman network).
Literature Review:– "Marketing must ensure that finance doesn't view it as a discretionary expense,
but as a value driver, or an investment. That makes it harder for budget changes to be justified. It is
uncommon for the marketing budgets to be seen as a growth driver. Marketing departments need to
prove that they have to prove that the money that they spend is logically utilised and obtains ROI"
(Steering group, CIM. 2001). At times of economic disturbances it becomes important for all the
departments to be accountable for the expenses that they do. This introduces the need for
measurement, as without measurement it is impossible to be accountable. "For firms to measure the
return on marketing, it is essential for them to treat marketing expenditures as an investment"
Schultz & Gronstedt, 1997. "Traditionally many firms have viewed marketing as a short–term
expense (Rust, Lemon, & Zeithaml, 2004) to be indulged when finances are plentiful, and cut
in times of hardship. This led top managers to constantly evaluate their strategic marketing
initiatives (Roland et al, 2004). However, only through treating marketing

Strategic Human Resource Development
Introduction
There is now a general acceptance of a stakeholder theory of the modern organization (see, e.g.[1,
2,3]). Such a theory implies that managers have a duty to stakeholders. Stakeholders are defined as
those groups who have a stake in or claim on the firm. Translated to the human resource
development (HRD) context it suggests that each stakeholder group has a right not to be treated as a
means to some end and should therefore participate in determining the future direction of human
resource development activities within the organization.
The evolution of a strategic HRD concept has also highlighted the need for the application of a
stakeholder theory to HRD within the organization. Commentators such as Sparrow and Pettigrew[
4] ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first is that the current state of the HRD function is the result of the supporting and the resisting
forces brought to bear on the function by the stakeholders. Thus the present status of the HRD
function is at best a temporary balance of opposing forces. Some of these forces provide resources
and support to the function while others serve as barriers or constraints. The forces are generated by
stakeholders in the course of pursuing their specific interests, goals and objectives.
The second premiss is that the outcomes of the HRD function 's strategies are the collective result of
all the forces brought to bear on it by its stakeholders during implementation. The function is always
in a state of quasi–equilibrium as it attempts to balance the various stakeholder forces. Each time the
HRD function acts and its stakeholders respond, a new temporary balance is achieved. The status
and performance of the HRD function at a given point in the future depends on the equilibrium it
achieves throughout the period it is implementing its strategies.
These two premisses lead to an important conclusion. The validity of the strategies implemented by
the HRD function always depend on the assumptions that are made about its stakeholders and about
the steps they will take during the planning and implementation of HRD strategies to involve key
stakeholders.
Models of HRD stakeholder management at the strategic level
Based on detailed analysis of 16

The British Safety Industry Federation
8 Pages in total 21cm x 21cm Page 1 (Front Cover) – Guide to becoming a member of the BSIF
Your comprehensive guide to becoming a member of the British Safety Industry Federation. Page 2
– CONTENTS Page 3 – ABOUT THE BSIF The British Safety Industry Federation (BSIF) is the
UK 's leading trade body within the safety industry and the principal association for the Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE) Regulation. Recognised as a Competent Authority by the Health and
Safety Executive (HSE), the BSIF is the key independent voice representing the interests of the UK
safety industry to a wide audience, including Government, its enforcement agencies, standards
making authorities and safety equipment users. Today the BSIF leads the way in helping ... Show
Be part of the Movement – By choosing to be a member of the BSIF, you are recognising the Health
and Safety is a force for good. You will be making a commitment to keeping people safe and healthy
at work through the utilisation of tools provided by your membership such as the Registered Safety
Supplier Scheme (RSSS). Thus giving your self true competitive advantage. Alan Murray BSIF
CEO (Get copy of Signature?) Page 4: Who We Represent Ultimately the BSIF is representing the
safety of the end–user through support it is providing to all those companies who work to keep
people healthy and safe at work. The core membership of the BSIF consists of manufacturers and
distributors of safety products through to test houses, certification bodies and safety professionals.
Membership is accommodated within a number of sector Associations and Product and Working
Groups, giving members the opportunity to be at the forefront of their markets and influence the
direction they take. Currently the BSIF runs the following Associations and Product Groups
Associations Safety Distributor Association: Allows distributors to discuss common issues and
promote their interests. In particular the education and training of customer facing staff to achieve
externally recognised qualifications. Test &

Resource Based Sources of Competitive Advantage
| Critically discuss the importance of resource–based sources of competitive advantage in one of the
industries studied on this module. You should discuss a range of companies. 'Competitive advantage'
is when a firm sustains profits that exceed the average for its industry. The goal of much of business
strategy is to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. Porter identified two basic types of
competitive advantage; cost and differentiation. These two advantages are known as 'positional
advantages' as they describe the firm's position in the industry as a leader in either cost or
differentiation. However, in this assignment I will discuss and analyse the importance of the
resource based view, (which is also known as the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This core competence is of vital importance as the inability to innovate in today's ever changing
environment may lead to entropy and ultimately cessation of trade. Being truly competitive. It is
crucial that a resource ultimately delivers a true competitive advantage. This core competence
highlights the fact that it is not enough for an organisation just to realise the resource as being a
strength, but that it must also be able to prove that it is of both better quality and at a lower cost than
the competition. This in basic terms means that it is not good enough for instance to produce a low–
cost, high quality product, but that it must have not only lower costs than the competitors, it must
also produce items of a higher quality or standard that that of its competitors. An example of this is
to consider that if Rolls Royce's Far East division does not produce higher quality at a lower cost
than both General Electric and Pratt & Whitney, it could not gain competitive advantage as this
core competence would not be relevant in this situation. Substitutability. A resource is more likely to
be able to gain competitive advantage if it cannot be substituted. Although the resource based view
is in opposition to Porter's views on strategy, his 'five forces' model identified the threat of
substitutes as an environmental force that can influence an organisation in gaining

Augustan Poetic Tradition Essay
Augustan Poetic Tradition
"I do not in fact see how poetry can survive as a category of human consciousness if it does not put
poetic considerations first–expressive considerations, that is, based upon its own genetic laws which
spring into operation at the moment of lyric conception."
–Seamus Heaney, "The Indefatigable Hoof–taps" (1988)
Seamus Heaney, the 1995 Nobel laureate, is one of the most widely read and celebrated poets now
writing in English. He is also one of the most traditional. Over a decade ago, Ronald Tamplin
summed up Heaney's achievement and his relation to the literary tradition in a judgment that
remains sound today: "In many ways he is not an innovative poet. He has not recast radically the
habitual ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Heaney, in fact, is one of the most skilled practitioners of traditional verse forms writing at present.
And since the poetic revolution is long over, and unrhymed, unmetered verse–free verse–has for the
better part of the last century been the norm, one is justified in asking why a serious contemporary
poet would be attracted to formal strains that lost their dominance some time around December
1910.
To answer this question I propose to focus on one of my favorite Heaney poems, "The Outlaw,"
from Door into the Dark (1969). The poem is written in that most untwentieth–century of verse
forms, the heroic couplet (that is, rhymed iambic pentameter couplets: aa, bb, cc, etc.). What would
attract Heaney to such an uncontemporary–even antiquated–verse form, one that seems so
inappropriate for the subject matter of his early poetry? After all, would Harold Pinter be likely to
compose a neoclassical tragedy in the style of Addison's Cato? As I hope to show, the success of
Heaney's poem–as brilliant, I think, as the widely anthologized "Digging"– lies in his mastery of the
couplet form and particularly in his exploiting its formal resources for his own poetic purposes. To
appreciate this achievement fully, the reader needs to set the poem not just in relation to the rural
Irish themes of Heaney's early poetry, but also–and more importantly–in the

Review Of Gramsci 's ' Political Thought ' The Prison...
AJ FAAS 3–4–08 A REVIEW OF GRAMSCI'S POLITICAL THOUGHT IN THE PRISON
NOTEBOOKS [DRAFT – DO NOT CITE WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION OF THE
AUTHOR] Antonio Gramsci was an Italian communist scholar, journalist, and activist who served
as a deputy member of the Italian Parliament, representing the Italian Communist Party (PCI),
which he helped to establish in 1923. In the wake of the triumph of Mussolini and the Italian fascists
in 1926, Gramsci was sentenced to 20 years in prison in order to prevent his thought from spreading
(Crehan 2003:17). From 1926 to 1937, when he was released from prison only to die one week later,
Gramsci composed thirty–two notebooks (over 2,350 printed pages) which has come to be regarded
as his greatest work and an unfinished classic of Marxist thought (Simon 1991; Crehan 2002). The
fact that he composed these great works while he was in prison and during a time of political turmoil
that provoked him has particularly confounding effects on the reader. First, these notebooks were
hand written in prison and he frequently revisits or elaborates on earlier notes throughout the
journals. They are therefore not organized under coherent headings to facilitate a systematic
interpretation of his thoughts. Some editors organize the notes under their own themes, and Gramsci
himself at times inserts instructions that one passage should be tied to another, but some imposed
order is always inevitable. Second, Gramsci, though in prison, was very much informed, and

Strategic Human Resource Management Practices
STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT:
Strategic human resource is a technique allowing business to manage their human resources by
giving entity the imperative structure to achieve future objectives and aims. Focusing on continual
issues relating to employees, values, structure, culture, commitment and maintaining resources in an
organisation. It is also defined as the direction and scope of organization over longer term, which
ideally matches its resources to its changing environment, and in particular, to its markets,
customers and clients to meet stakeholder expectations. (Johnson, G and Scholes, K 1993. Exploring
corporate strategy, prentice hall, Hemel Hempstead. BOOK, Human resource management practice).
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The HR strategy forms the basis for it.
(http://www.ukessays.com/essays/business/hrm–at–tescos–tarmac–and–scottish–power–business–
essay.php)
IMPORTANCE OF HRM IN SCOTTISH POWER:
For Scottish power employees are the assets or most important resource. The purpose of HRM in
Scottish power is to handle affairs or issues regarding employees as it known to be driven by
technical competence of individuals. It involves placing of individuals on unengaged positions, for
recruiting and selection process taking into account appropriate qualification and skills. The
organisation is putting emphases on fair and unbiased treatment among all the individuals of the
company regardless of gender, age, race and disability.
(http://www.ukessays.com/essays/business/hrm–at–tescos–tarmac–and–scottish–power–business–
essay.php)
B. (AC1.3)
ANALYSIS OF THE FRAMEWORK OF STRATEGIC HRM OF TARMAC:
Tarmac is UK based company that came into operational existence in 1903 and deals in supplying of
building material and aggregates to the building industry. They have been dealing in building
projects and construction of roads. They have TARMAC UK and TARMAC international. Tarmac
UK is looking after two different businesses i.e. Tarmac LTD extracts key building aggregate and
Tarmac building products LTD converting raw materials

Theories of Patriarchy & Feminist Ideology
Assess the claim that gender inequalities in the domestic and occupational divisions of labour are
best understood with reference to the concept of patriarchy. You should illustrate your answer with
reference to a range of feminist perspectives.
Introduction
Western female thought through the centuries has identified the relationship between patriarchy and
gender as crucial to the women's subordinate position. For two hundred years, patriarchy precluded
women from having a legal or political identity and the legislation and attitudes supporting this
provided the model for slavery. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries suffrage campaigners
succeeded in securing some legal and political rights for women in the UK. By the middle of ...
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The household has a different structure to other institutional forms, e.g., the workplace. This is an
important point because if feminist theories of patriarchy are to stand they must show that patriarchy
operates to the same end in both the private and public sphere, even if it uses different strategies,
otherwise it could not be the main reason for the continuing inequality of women in both the private
and public sphere.
Walby shows that within the private structure and the public structures, patriarchy does use different
strategies to maintain gender inequality and these strategies both achieve the subordination of
women. The household strategy is considered to be exclusionary and the public structures strategy
as segregationist.
The exclusionary strategy in the private arena is based on household production. Application of this
strategy in the domestic sphere depends on individual patriarchs controlling women in the private
world of the home. The male patriarch in the household is both the oppressor and recipient of
women's subordination. This strategy is direct – women are oppressed on a personal and individual
basis by the individual patriarchs who share their lives.
The segregationist strategy used in the public patriarchy actively excludes women from the public
arena using various structures to subordinate them. Application depends on controlling access to
public arenas (Golombok and Fivush, 1995). This strategy

Network Consultation Scheme : Suitable Network Design
Network Consultation Scheme
Student's Name
University Affiliation
Network Consultation Scheme Suitable Network Design
Many of the companies face hardship when it comes to the careful selection of a network design.
However, the company must select an efficient kind of network type. The design must conform to
the merchandize involved in the transaction even if they are produced by the different companies. It
is because, merchandises that happen to be in the same level, will be regulated and controlled
similarly. Smaller businesses does not necessarily need to get assistance from a much bigger IT
department. For such like an organization, a perfect network design is required to be up front all ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is often from one source to another. This type of layer is also known to be executing various
significant functions within the system. The major roles includes complex channeling roles. To some
point, they are also capable to accomplish destruction of bad files within the system, while they also
assemble together information and direct it to the relevant applications to solve them.
LAN and Wireless LAN (WLAN) Wiring Considerations.
It is appropriate for an organization to have an idea on the basic functioning and installation of the
LAN and Wireless LAN (WLAN) Wiring Considerations. Focusing on the wireless LANs, they are
often the hosts into which the WLANs are connected to. In the process of their installation and
maintenance, various processes are involved that include antenna policy, rate of recurrence of the
frequencies and the communicating transmitters (Kahmen et. al., 2008).
Focusing onto the WLAN Notions and Constituents, we already have got the basic idea on the
wireless devices. Ranging from notebooks to smart phones, each and every device has got an in–
built wireless card slot. It enables the gadget to be able to operate on a WLAN wiring consideration.
In certain instances, enterprises and organizations are set up in search a way that the host is not
directly attached to the device being used (Janevski, 2003). It is often stationed at a particular place
in the office and from it, data can be transmitted to

Michael Poters Frame Work

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