Labor Unions Today

Labor Unions Today
Labor unions today
Today most labor unions in the United States are members of one of two larger umbrella
organizations: the American Federation of Labor–Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL–CIO)
or the Change to Win Federation, which split from the AFL–CIO in 2005. Both organizations
advocate policies and legislation favorable to workers in the United States and Canada, and take an
active role in Democratic party politics. The AFL–CIO is especially concerned with global trade
issues.
Private sector union members are tightly regulated by the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA),
passed in 1935. The law is overseen by the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), part of the
United States Department of Labor. Public sector unions are ... Show more content on
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It protects the right of workers to engage in any "concerted activity" for mutual aid or protection.
Thus, no union connection is needed. Concerted activity "in its inception involves only a speaker
and a listener, for such activity is an indispensable preliminary step to employee self–organization."
[4]
Labor Education Programs in the United States
In the US, labor education programs such as the Harvard Trade Union Program created in 1942 by
Harvard University professor John T. Dunlop sought to educate union members to deal with
important contemporary workplace and labor law issues of the day. The Harvard Trade Union
Program is now currently part of a broader initiative at Harvard Law School called the Labor and
Worklife Program that deals with a wide variety of labor and employment issues from union pension
investment funds to the effects of nanotechnology on labor markets and the workplace.
[edit]
Jurisdiction of labor unions
Labor unions use the term jurisdiction to refer to their claims to represent workers who perform a
certain type of work and the right of their members to perform such work. For example, the work of
unloading containerized cargo at United States ports, which both the International Longshore and
Warehouse Union and the International Brotherhood of Teamsters have claimed rightfully should be
assigned to workers they represent. A jurisdictional strike is a concerted refusal to work undertaken
by a union to assert its members' right to such
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Rhodesia American Revolution
Around the start of 1922, The British South African Company ended. The white European settlers
were presented with the choice of the Union of South Africa or a separate colony included in the
British empire. Rhodesia rejected the offer of the Union of South Africa, and the colony joined the
United Kingdom. Although Rhodesia made its own decisions, the United Kingdom had the right to
veto any action. In an effort to bring beneficial resources to the country, Southern Rhodesia joined a
Federation between Rhodesia and Nyasaland. Along with Southern Rhodesia, Northern Rhodesia
left the federation as well as Nyasaland. After much crisis, the Central African Federation ended. As
black disagreement to colonial rule grew, the Zimbabwe African People's Union (Zapu) and the
Zimbabwe African National Union (Zanu), nationalist groups, emerged. The aggravation in African
populations increased when the United Kingdom acknowledged Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland
as independent countries. Even though the Europeans in Rhodesia did not listen, the African
population still demanded increased participation in political matters. The Prime Minister, Ian
Smith, a white settler, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Immediately after the signed agreement, the United Nations and many other nations lifted their
sanction bans to Rhodesia and opened up trade. The African nation formally changed its name to
Zimbabwe in honor of the historical ruins of Great Zimbabwe. After months, a transition period
under British rule began with new elections. The elections were directed by the British government.
The population of Zimbabwe elected Robert Mugabe and his ZANU party. Almost after 50 years of
struggle, the British granted independence to Zimbabwe on April 18,1980. Under the rule of Robert
Mugabe, the government embarked on reconstruction of towns as well as land

The History Of Russia
The Russian Federation is a major world power on the economic and political stage, as it is a vast
nation with valuable resources within its borders. Politically, Russia has a history of intervening in
foreign affairs and playing an active part in major world conflicts. This has caused some democratic
countries to impose sanctions on the state, resulting in an economic recession and strained political
relationships. Russia is a semi–presidential federation with a communist past. Even today, the
Russian government is still elusive and hesitant to release information. The current President is
Vladimir Putin, who operates out of the capital city of Moscow (CIA). Recently, Russia has been
immorally connected to many American political ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Russia has been involved in every major war in Europe of the 20th century, including World War
One, World War Two, the Cold War and the Russian Civil War (Rosenberg). Russia also had ties to
the Korean war, as the communist entity supported North Korea during the Cold War era. In recent
politics, Russia's ties with the United States have been complicated over the election of President
Donald Trump and Russia's alliance with the Assad Regime in Syria (Nakashima). There are also
allegations that President Trump's son met with Russian officials regarding Hillary Clinton and that
Jared Kushner proposed a secret Washington–Moscow communications line for easy access to
Russian officials. The relationship between Russia and the United States has deteriorated to a level
not reached since the end of the Cold War and dissolution of the Soviet Union. Furthermore, the
threat of a nuclear attack by Russia and its ally, North Korea, are at an all–time high.
In terms of economics, Russia is currently recovering from a recession. However, that does not
prevent it from being a world superpower. The Russian GDP had been sharply declining from 2014
–2017, but it is still part of the exclusive G20 and G8. The recession was caused by American
sanctions, the Crimean crisis and falling oil prices. Russia has many

Global Warming : Global Climate Change
Brooke Bogan
Carol Dale, M.Ed.
1301 Dual Credit English IV
November 4, 2015
WA #6– Global Climate Change
Global climate change is a topic that had been hotly debated across the country for years. Though
not many people believe it, scientists have proved the global warming is in fact partly caused by
man. The greenhouse effect is gradually increasing the temperature of the earth because humans are
constantly burning natural gases and oils, greenhouse gases being trapped in the atmosphere,
deforestation, and the lower–level atmosphere is expanding exponentially. These every day routines
may not seem as if they are effecting anything, but in the end this change in the global climate could
harm the lives of all people and living organisms.
According to the Environmental Protection Agency "Carbon Dioxide is the primary greenhouse gas
emitted through human activities."(par. 1). The burning of fossil fuels for energy and transportation,
such as coal, natural gas and oil, are the actions that produce the most carbon dioxide. People need
some way to light and heat their homes and businesses. To do so they burn fossil fuel to turn them
into certain forms of energy to produce electricity. The burning of gas and diesel to allow
transportation of goods and people accounts for the second largest source of carbon dioxide
emissions (par. 4). Methane gas is also a contributor to the amount of carbon dioxide released into
the air. "In 2013, methane accounted for about 10% of all U.S.

Brazil Is A Federal Presidential Republic
Brazil is located on the continent of South America, as seen in Figure 2. It is found in the north east
portion of South America. On the global spectrum South America and Brazil is located in the south
west corner of the world (Figure 1). Brazil positioned between French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana,
Venezuela, Columbia, Peru, Boliva, Paraguay, and Uruguay (Figure 3). The capital of Brazil is
Brasília. Brasília is centrally located in Brazil. Brasília is about a fourteen hour drive from Rio de
Janeiro. Political Brazil is a federal presidential republic. A federal presidential republic is a type of
government where the states or providences vote for their political leaders. Power is divided
between branches of government. For example the United States is a federal presidential republic.
The United States has a president, but also has local governments like mayors and governors. Brazil
has a president as well as a legislative and judicial branch. This spreads the power equally.
Brazil is belongs to these organizations AfDB (non– regional member), BIS, BRICS, CAN
(associate), CD, CELAC, CPLP, FAO, FATF, G–15, G–20, G–24, G–5, G–77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD,
ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO,
IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, LAS (observer),
Mercosur, MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS, OECD
(Enhanced Engagement, OPANAL, OPCW, Paris Club (associate), PCA, SICA (observer),

Pros And Cons Of Minimum Wage
A minimum wage is the lowest remuneration that employers must legally pay their workers for their
services. It is an example of a price floor below which workers may not wish to sell their labour
legally. The purpose of minimum wages is to protect workers against low pay. They help ensure an
equitable share of profits and a minimum living wage to all who are employed. Minimum wage can
also be one element of a policy to overcome poverty and reduce inequality, including those between
men and women, by promoting the right to equal pay for equal value of work.
This paper will discuss the pros and cons of minimum wage from the perspective of the Seafarers,
Employers(Shipowners) and the government, keeping all the theories of microeconomics and ...
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Shipping being such a large industry with over 1.6 million seafarers globally, consisting of both
officers and ratings from countries such as China, Philippines, Russia, Ukraine and India supplying
the largest number of seafarers to the industry. The number of seafarers have been predicted to grow
in the future with an increase in demand for both officer as well as rating.
To gain better understanding about the role minimum wage plays in the shipping industry we must
gain knowledge about the different players in the maritime industry and their roles.
In the early 20th century many shipowners, to reduce their costs decided to register their ship in
countries which had minimum or weak regulatory system and to avoid union and with the advent of
Panama and Liberian registries the shipowner's decided to register ship with registers known as
Flags of Convenience (FOC's). These registries had a regulation free environment and these FOC's
help the shipowners to do away with any enforcement and neither the flag state attempts to enforce
any laws on the shipowners nor does it make any laws so that power can be exercised upon
shipowners.
The incentives for shipowners to register their ships with Flags of Convenience were many, earlier
the shipowner had to employ crew on the ship from the countries where the ship was registered and

The Impact Of Climate Change On Rising Sea Levels
Research Paper
The Impact of Climate Change on Rising Sea Levels
Over the past century, changes in the climate have affected our sea levels. From global warming to
man made causes, these factors contribute into one of the most predictable catastrophic disasters.
While rising sea levels can lead to a flooding disaster, there are other consequences that are
impacted due to this component that can affect the whole planet.
Changes in the climate have been an on going critical issue that has been affecting the present time
and near future. One of the causes that has contributed to climate change and rising sea levels is
global warming. Global warming, the gradual heating of Earth 's surface, oceans and atmosphere
(Bradford) has caused warmer temperatures, leading to a growth in earths average temperature.
Earth 's average temperature has risen by 1.4 degrees Fahrenheit, over the past century, according to
the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (Bradford). Many might say that 1.4 degrees is quite a
small number, but the issue here isn't with the number of degrees is going up but rather with the
extra energy the earth is having to do it is causing those drastic changes in our weather.
As this continues to occur, not only is our atmosphere getting warmer but by doing so, so is our
water. And since our oceans water help absorb most of the excess heat our atmosphere creates, when
it absorbs too much heat (making the water warmer) it affects the lives of the animals

Essay about History Of Unions And Their Relevance In...
Following the lead of Britain from where many of the original settlers came, workers in various
occupations banded together to form unions. Ship writers, boat builders, tailors, bakers and
carpenters were among the first craft unions form in Australia before 1848.By forming an
association workers could obtain better wages and working conditions. However the employers
wanted the highest profit margins so wished to keep wages low and spend little money on the
working environment. The law of supply and demand in the labour market often determined which
group was dominant.A third factor in the balance in Australia was the government.
A successful strike by newspaper workers in 1829 for better wages and conditions resulted in the
Masters and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Overcrowding in unsanitary conditions resulted in epidemics of disease. Workers were not allowed
to vote and the employers were represented in Parliament.Unions mobilize the full industrial
strength of workers and as history has shown conditions of workers have greatly improved due to
unionism.
Unions have earned workers minimal wages forty hour working week, an eight hour day, annual
leave, long service leave, accident and illness benefits, and workers compensation.Voting rights
have assisted better legislation to protect workers which decrease the relevance of unions in today's
society. Compulsory unionism has a contention issue as has non secret voting or ballots.
Compulsory unionism has been negated to some degree but after employment clauses state that
preference will be given to union members.In today's workplace the same worker may be eligible to
belong to various unions. Sometimes these unions are in conflict and may vie with each other for
members. Some workers feel the benefits do not justify the cost of union membership.Harassment of
no union workers can be intimidating even violent, as in the example in Canberra a few years ago
when union members trashed property. Pickets to prevent no union workers from fulfilling contracts
has been a part of strikes.
The use of 'scab' labour has caused violence in strikes and the conflict has disrupted companies and
industries.State and Federal governments have been

The European Union ( Eu ) Essay
The European Union (EU) was created when the Maastricht Treaty, or now known as the Treaty on
European Union, was signed in the early 1990's. The document marked an essential milestone in the
success and development of many European countries. It paved the way for many other future
treaties and it also created the EMU or the European Monetary Union ("Europe Without Frontiers").
Though there were other economic European federations prior to the EU, the EU has by far been the
more prosperous one. The EU was created to help unify Europe after WWII ended. With the signing
of the Maastricht Treaty, a central banking system was created, which would eventually set up the
creation of the Euro (the currency currently used in most of Europe). There are both ups and downs
to the European Union as the world has seen with the latest news on Britain leaving the federation.
With England out of the European Union, the world will suffer enormous global economic
ramifications.
The EU had a lot of good promise when it was first formed; for example, it helped unify Europe
after the war and led to the creation of the Euro. The Euro is still used today as a current monetary
system throughout Europe. However, there are some downsides to being involved in the economic
organization. A prime example would be there are inefficient policies. One that comes to mind
would be the Common Agricultural Policy. This policy's "aim [is] to break the link between
subsidies and production, to diversify the

The Evolution of the European Union into a Full...
The Evolution of the European Union into a Full Supranational Federal State
Is it both likely and desirable that the European Union will gradually evolve into a full supranational
federal state?
In order to elaborate on the statement above, one has to become familiar with the process of
European Integration; therefore I would first like to show a quick overview of the history of the EU.
After the WWII it has become clear that the best possible way to reinstate Europe's leading position
in the global political and economic arena was through some form of mutual cooperation amongst
the leading European nations. In 1950 the French foreign affairs minister developed the plan of a
possible European Integration. The Shuman–plan was to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
1986 was the year of one of the main developments in the history of European integration. The
Single European Act (SEA) brought about some significant changes in the internal structure of the
European integration process, such as an institutionalized form of political cooperation and the
deadline for the creation of the internal market (1 January 1992). Other changes brought about by
the SEA include the possibility to use majority voting in some fields of policy making, and the
formation of the First Instance Court. The next step in European Integration was the Treaty on the
European Union. The Treaty of Maastricht has entered into force in 1993 and established the
European Union with a structure of three pillars; The existing treaties (EEC, ECSC, EURATOM)
constitute the first pillar for the EU. The legal and institutional framework is included into the pillar
that most resembles the supra–national characteristics of EU, a point I shall return to. The second
pillar established by The Treaty of Maastricht is the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) is
to ensure that the European Union appears as one global political actor in the future. The third pillar
is the Police and Judicial Cooperation in Criminal Matters (PCJ) will help to develop an effective
legal control over the territory of the European Union. The unity between these pillars and the
member states themselves is created through a single institutional framework that includes

Amul : A Symbol Of Protest Essay
AMUL It all began when milk became a symbol of protest. Founded in 1946 to stop the exploitation
by middlemen. Inspired by the freedom movement The seeds of this unusual saga were sown more
than 65 years back in Anand, a small town in the state of Gujarat in western India. The exploitative
trade practices followed by the local trade cartel triggered off the cooperative movement. Angered
by unfair and manipulative practices followed by the trade, the farmers of the district approached the
great Indian patriot Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel for a solution. He advised them to get rid of middlemen
and form their own co–operative, which would have procurement, processing and marketing under
their control. In 1946, the farmers of this area went on a milk strike refusing to be cowed down by
the cartel. Under the inspiration of Sardar Patel, and the guidance of leaders like Morarji Desai and
Tribhuvandas Patel, they formed their own cooperative in 1946. This co–operative, the Kaira
District Co–operative Milk Producers Union Ltd. began with just two village dairy co–operative
societies and 247 litres of milk and is today better known as Amul Dairy. Amul grew from strength
to strength thanks to the inspired leadership of Tribhuvandas Patel, the founder Chairman and the
committed professionalism of Dr Verghese Kurien,who was entrusted the task of running the dairy
from 1950. The then Prime Minister of India, Lal Bahadur

How Did Gorbachev Influence The Soviet-American Government
The year was 1989, and the Americans had just elected their 41st President of the United States:
George H. W. Bush. As the former Vice–President, Bush was well acquainted with the ongoing
conflict he was inheriting from the Reagan administration between the Soviet Union and the United
States. He was also cognizant of the man on the other side of the strife, Mikhail Gorbachev, leader
of the Soviet Union. Gorbachev was thought to be a relatively revolutionary character; he was less
of a hardliner and more open to change and influence from the West. Despite this, Bush had his
reservations; he ordered a comprehensive review of the Soviet–American relationship shortly after
assuming office. In the report, the US National Security Advisor, Brent ... Show more content on
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There was no longer a threat of global nuclear warfare – the threat to American security was – for
the time– gone. The collapse of the Soviet Union also changed the nature of the international system
and has created a unipolar balance of power system – with America being the sole superpower –
instead of the bipolar system it was in the past. NATO gained a valuable asset during this era as
well; Germany has proven to be an economic leader and strategist globally and within Europe.
Additionally, the reformation of former communist states into open and democratic capitalist states
is an additional benefit to the West under democratic peace theory – after all, 'democracies do not go
to war with other

Being An Elementary Education Major The National Education
Being an Elementary Education Major the National Education Association or the NEA seemed to be
a great organization to research, and possibly join in the future when I become an educator. When I
finish my studies at the University of Alabama I plan to stay in the state of Alabama and teach.
In 1857, a total of forty–three educators met in the state of Philadelphia. They came together to
answer a national call to unite and talk about the cause of education in the United States. During that
time learning to read and write was a treat for almost student. For African American students it was
sometimes even a crime. Around 150 years later, the voice of the spreading Association had risen to
almost 2.7 million educators, and what was once a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Lawsuits for sexual harassment, physical abuse, and racial discrimination have grown steadily in the
last few decades and can threaten a teacher 's job and reputation. Another benefit is defense against
harsh treatment fom board members with petty criticisms through the local collective negotiating.
Unfortunately, both are necessities in the education business. These teachers also feel that the NEA
is their best hope for obtaining higher salaries and a voice in the administration of their schools. The
other group joins because they have to, their school district has agreed to allow a closed shop to
exist, where all teachers must pay some level of union dues. Few teachers join because they
wholeheartedly believe in the political and social agenda of the NEA. The union is often far left of
its membership on many issues. One thing that can be agreed on by everyone is that the NEA is very
large, very wealthy, and very powerful. Recently surpassing the Teamsters in size, the NEA has over
2 million members, making it the largest union in America. Past Secretary of Education Lamar
Alexander once said that, "After the post office, schools are the most unionized activity in America.
The uniqueness of the National Education Association is found in the fact that it is a near monopoly
supplier of teachers to a government enforced monopoly consumer, the public schools. As the NEA
has grown in power politically, it has also been able to govern the destiny of this

Are Labor Unions in the U.S. Obsolete?
Are Labor Unions in the U.S. Obsolete? To understand the worth of today's unions, we must first
understand the history and purpose of these organizations. Simply put, a union is an organization of
employees formed to bargain with the employer. There are many types of unions. For instance, a
craft union is one whose members do one type of work, often using specialized skills and training.
An industrial union is one that includes many persons working in the same industry or company,
regardless of jobs held. A federation is a group of autonomous national and international unions
(Mathis 529). The main purpose of all these organizations is to secure benefits and rights in the
workplace. The history of unions in the United States dates ... Show more content on
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Unfortunately, employers don't always have to hire their workers back. For instance, if they believe
the union did not act in good faith, they may have the right to fire their workers. Few private
employers can afford simultaneous 100 percent turnover, even temporarily, so a strike threat
encourages negotiations. Today, management holds more leverage knowing that many people cannot
afford the risk of losing their jobs in such a competitive economy. So instead of negotiating labor
issues, employees are satisfied with what is given to them. The rhetoric of solidarity has long
obscured the reality of unionism: Unions drive up wages by pitting workers against workers,
insiders against outsiders (Reason). Another challenge that has effected the growth of unions is the
organizing of unions themselves. Institutional developments indicate that the U.S. labor movement
has been slow to respond to the challenge of new private sector organizing (Bennett 466). There are
committees and institutions that help the development of new unions, such as the Organizing
Institute proposed by the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organization
(AFL–CIO). Unfortunately, many existing organizations are more concerned with satisfying current
members rather than organizing new ones. As mentioned before, the declining union representation
is largely effected by

Should Americans Be Aware Of And Believe In Global Warming?
"Why Should Americans be Aware of and Believe in Global Warming?"
Nathan Hooker
6 Mac
3–3–17
In 2007, 85% of Americans were convinced that global warming was happening. Ever since then
numbers have been steadily lowering (Stanford University). Each year, less Americans have become
aware of climate change although climate change has become a bigger threat to animals and
humans. About 50% of Americans believe that action to prevent global warming should be taken
right now (Yale University). However, a great deal of people do not believe that climate change is
ruining the environment. They are just letting the environment get destroyed until it is too late.
Americans should be aware and believe in global warming. The history and supporting information
relates to the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Scientists started charting climate change in the late 19th century (The Discovery of Global
Warming). Some people that were involved in this topic when the problem was confronted included
scientists who were in the field of study and donors such as the U.S. Office of Naval Research (The
Discovery of Global Warming). Right now, global warming is worse than ever. This is due to high
amounts of carbon pollution/dioxide in the air (World Wildlife Fund). Most experts like Union of
Concerned Scientists and World Wildlife Fund feel that action should be taken now or things will
only get worse. The United States Environmental Protection Agency is doing many things to help
such as reducing greenhouse emissions (United States Environmental Protection Agency). Global
warming is still important today because it is causing unfixable problems in the environment.
Climate change is becoming a bigger threat each year, and Americans have let it become a serious
problem since the late nineteenth

Why Is Russia The Most Powerful
Russia: Powerful but Not Complete Russia is known for its overall power, thus ranking it at the
second most powerful country in the world, next to the United States. Russia has throughout history
been a dominate figure due to its military strength. As of right now the Russian military is also
ranked as the second most powerful military, only due to defense spending. Since the collapse of the
Soviet Union in 1991, Russia's economy has fluctuated drastically. Another key aspect to Russia is
its diversity in politics. The Russian Finance Ministry recently admitted that at the Reserve Funds,
would be depleted in the year 2017 if withdrawal rates were to continue as rapidly as they were to
cover the state budget. (Just How Dangerous, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The CPRF was voluntarily created by citizens of the Russian Federation who came together based
on a common interest to implement their goals for its program and charter. This Communist Party is
based on an expansion of Marxism–Leninism with the goal of creating socialism. It believes that it
is protecting the working–class interests and preserving the middle–class people. As of right now the
CPRF has over 160,000 members in the party located in 81 regional branches. (CPRF, n.d.) The
LDPR (Liberal Democratic Party of Russia) is a political party of the Russian Federation that was
founded in 1991 and has been run by Vladimir Zhirinovsky. (Encyclopedia, World Heritage
Encyclopedia, n.d.) Despite its tittle of Liberal Democratic, it is a far–right party. It aims for a
revival of Russia as a great power. The LDPR opposes both communism and capitalism due to it
causing Russia's reforms. The party also feels that the United States and western civilization are the
main exterior threat to

Legal Status of Unions
The history of the American labor movement coincides with the development of labor unions in the
United States, from the initial local craft unions like the Federal Society of Journeyman
Cordwainers (shoemakers), to the formation of national unions such as the National Labor Union
(NLU) and the Knights of Labor, creation of the American Federation of Labor (AFL), and the
Congress of International Organizations (CIO), the merger of the AFL–CIO, and its breakup through
the defection of the national unions that formed the Change to Win (CTW) coalition (Fossum, 2012,
pp. 27–34, 53–54). Paralleling the union development was a series of national labor legislation:
Railway Labor Act (1926), ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While a labor political party could provide broader support for union members, it would not focus
on the primary concerns of labor members: wages, benefits, and working conditions (Fossum, 2012,
p. 28). While some believe establishment of a labor political party would benefit the labor
movement more than either the Republican or Democratic parties, the reality has never resulted in
an effective national labor political movement (Levitt, 1955). Even national union efforts have not
been entirely effective over time: the American Federation of Labor, the Congress of Industrial
Organizations, the merged AFL–CIO, and now the Change to Win coalition (Colorado State
University–Global Campus, 2014).
Leading Personalities in Labor Relations Contributing to the Definition of Labor Relations in the
United States
Leading personalities in the U.S. labor relations movement included Samuel Gompers (1850–1924),
who helped found and led the AFL for much of the period from 1886 until his death in 1924 (Online
Highways LLC, 2014), Eugene Debs (1855–1926), who led the American Railway Union through
many strikes and helped found the Industrial Workers of the World (Constantine, 1990), Walter
Reuther (1907–1970), who led the United Auto Workers starting in 1946 and was head of the CIO
and negotiated its merger with the AFL–CIO in 1955 (Featherstone, 2014), George Meany (1894–
1980), led the AFL from 1952 until he negotiated the AFL–CIO

Unions Struggle With Outsourcing
POSSIBLE INTRODUCTION Today Unions have a feud with outsourcing, the union employees
are losing their once thought secure job to outsourcing. This is due to a company 's drive to increase
profits, decisions of lower wage and job loss occurs. When a US company 's looks for other options
of employment, it usually come down to outsourcing, subcontracting, and privatization, these
options that companies take to increase profit. Union job security isn't always so secure, often–union
contracts discuss the effects outsourcing, but not make the decision to layoff an employee in favor of
outsourcing. However this contract makes union workers bargain over their jobs, by lowering their
wages and if they do not agree with the bargain then the companies are able to layoff employee, and
replaces them with outsourcing. Unions are able to fight these companies for an agreement to be
made, for instance, if a union as a whole decides to agree with these new terms of lower wages, the
company is unable to let the employees go. Instead the unions will agree to terms with their jobs
being taken away and sent overseas, unions often lobby to retaliate their termination. US
LOBBYING The AFL –CIO (American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial
Organizations) is the largest federation of unions in the United States, and a national trade union
center. The AFL –CIO represents nearly all unionized workers in fifty–six different national and
international unions. Today the AFL – CIO represents

How Is The Russian Federation The Other Super Power
Russian Federation: The Other Super Power
Military cultural awareness can be defined as knowledge of cultural factors and the comprehension
of their impact on the planning and conduct of military operations. It reduces battlefield friction and
improves a unit's ability to accomplish its mission by giving insight into the intent of various actors
within our battlespace and the way these actors interact within groups, supporting planners in
developing centers of gravity to ascertain critical vulnerabilities and assisting in campaign planning
and the proper allocation of resources. This paper will discuss the Russian culture to help us better
understand the country ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Russians are currently involved in three conflicts to include Syria, Ukraine and the North Caucasus.
Economic Variable: Russia's economy is largely based on the production of oil, natural gas and
metals like steel and aluminum. Swings in global prices on these exported goods make the economy
vulnerable to boom and bust cycles. Although Russia underwent a 2–year recession from 2014 to
2016, the global growth and trade started to strengthen at the end of 2016 and the economy showed
signs of overcoming the recession caused by the shocks of low oil prices and economic sanctions.
The economy is mostly based on a market–based system after the collapse of the Soviet Union. With
a high concentration of wealth in officials' hands due to a mostly privatized industry with notable
exceptions in the energy, transportation, banking, and defense–related sectors.
Social Variable: Russia's ethnic groups are mostly homogenous while having small groups of Tatars
and Ukrainian mixed into the population of over 142 million people. Most of the population is made
up of non–believers as far as religion goes due to a long Soviet rule followed by Orthodox at 20
percent and Muslim at 15 percent of the population. Russia has a high life expectancy of over 70
years and a high literacy rate with most of the population being able to read and write after the age
of

Modern Day Russia Research Paper
Introduction
In this paper, I will be covering the country of Russia. During this essay, I will cover a variety of
subject areas that make up modern day countries, especially a superpower like Russia; I will be
covering the following subjects that makes
Russia formidable adversary: political, economy,military composition, and social influences. I chose
these areas because I feel they are important functions of any thriving civilizations, I also wanted to
provide the contrasts between the former
USSR and modern day Russia. By the end of this paper the goal is to have a better understanding of
how a potential enemy is constructed and operates.
The Russian Federation has a centralized political system, with the majority of the ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Due to the increase in the exports of its natural resources, it repaid its Soviet–era debt to Paris Club
creditors and the International
Monetary Fund. The poverty class has been on the declined and the middle class has consisentely
grown. So has the number of Russia's super–rich. The country's new billionaires now play on the
global stage, buying luxury property and sports franchises.
Russia's military is the second largest in the world behind the United States, they have
766,055 active frontline personnel with 2,485,000 active reserve personnel. Russian males are
registered for the draft from the age of seventeen to fifty and have a one year service obligation.
The age requirements for voluntary service is between the ages of 18–27, the draft will continue
through the year 2030. The Soviet nuclear weapon program began during World War II and was
successful in a atomic bomb test in 1949. According to estimates by the Natural Resources
Defense Council, by 1991, the Soviet Union had approximately 35,000 weapons in its stockpile,
down from a peak in 1986 of 45,00. Russia is estimated to now have around 20,000 nuclear
weapons. Russia's land systems include Main Battle Tanks, light tanks, tank destroyers

The European Union ( Eu )
Introduction
The European Union (EU) is not a typical international organization. With a mixture of
supranational and intergovernmental institutions, its unique structure has become a distinctive
political system with some resembles a federation. With no path to trace, the EU must determine
which direction it should follow suit. However, these difficult discussions foster constant dispute
over how much further integration of member states should proceed. Support for the EU moving
towards a federation faces opposition by euro–sceptics who believe further integration should be
taken with caution. After the initial project of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was
launched by French Foreign Minister Robert Schuman. Six European ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Background
Driven by the desire to prevent another World War, many of the founding fathers of the European
union envisioned a federalist Europe. Monnet was adamant on the idea that the center of the
community should exist a supranational body. Originally established after World War Two, what is
now the European Union was formally the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC). The
ECSC was established on the basis that trade and pooling of both commodities would prevent
rearmament and another war. Established on the 18th April 1951, by the Treaty of Paris, the
founding six member states ( France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands) have
expanded until it tripling in size. Today, after rapid phases and slower periods of integration, the EU
is composed of 28 member–states after. Over 60 years of enlargement, the European union has yet
to has still not reached its territorial limits, with numerous application still being processed.
Undefined frontiers exist in the Balkans and Turkey, as well as in eastern Europeans regions. With
economic interdependence, European countries have united economically and politically with the
goal of maintaining peace. The question yet to be answered is, how far and deep should political
integration go?
Federalism Defined
The functions of the European Union are often compared

The Garment Industry of Bangladesh
THE GARMENT INDUSTRY OF BANGLADESH Introduction: The garment industry has played
a pioneering role in the development of industrial sector of Bangladesh. Though it took a rather late
start i.e., in 1976 but it soon established its reputation in the world market within a short span of
time. Resultantly garment is now one of the main export items of the country. Besides, enriching the
country's economy it has played a very important role in alleviating unemployment. At present there
are more than two thousand one hundred garment factories in the country employing more than 12
lack labors. 85 percent of the labor force is women. Once Sri–Lanka was leader in this field in South
Asia and India was its competitor. After a bloody civil war ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The mentioned performance of the industry has been possible due to: • The Government of
Bangladesh has always been concerned about the sector's growth and has played an active role as a
catalyst to solve various complexities, whenever intervention was necessary. • The cheap but
disciplined and regimented workforce has been key for the success of this industry. • The
entrepreneur class has been dedicated and motivated to the country's economic prosperity. • The
quality of the manufactured apparel, which has been increasingly recognized by our international
buyers and end users all over the world. • Buyers' response has been encouraging through repeat
orders. The industry has been producing all sort of apparels for all seasons and has managed to get
repeat orders for every season. • The import policy of Bangladesh has been flexible and friendly for
import of accessories. • Although there are accountable anomalies, the financial institutions, both
nationalized and private, have been serving to assist this sector. • Readymade garment industries
have managed to maintain the confidence of the buying class and others in the business. • Although
the backward linkage textile industry is not adequate for the needs of the RMG industry, it has been
supporting regular manufacturing and supply systems to some extent. Bottlenecks Retarding the
Growth of the Readymade Garment Sector This vital and

Managing Across Borders and Cultures
Intercultural management There has been a decline in the percentage of workforce in trade unions
over the last decade in industrialized countries this is especially in Europe.in the U.S membership in
unions has fallen from a third in the 1950s to close to 12% in 2006.this trend has been attributed to
the fact that there has been an increase in the proportion of service workers and white collar jobs as
compared to manufacturing workers, an increase in the proportion of part–time and temporary
workers, the off shoring of jobs so as to obtain low wage cost and the general reduction in belief on
trade unions by upcoming generations (Deresky, 2011). The union systems are different in different
countries.in most of the countries, there is a single ,dominant system for industrial relation that is
applicable to nearly all workers.in Canada and United States there are two systems an organized and
unorganized systems. Both of them have their own rights and duties of the parties, employment
terms and conditions and processes and structures for making decisions.in North America there is an
agent who acts as a representative to the employees who are unionized. On the other hand the
unorganized employees are able to bargain on their own but they normally have little capability that
can affect strategic decisions, policies and employment conditions. In western industrialized
societies they have traditional trade union structures whereby in industrial unions all employee
grades are

A New Great Depression Essay
In 2008, the Global Financial Crisis broke out; both the American economy and the economy in the
West suffered a hard blow. However, a big economy system in the East emerged unexpectedly.
China is now able to challenge the America's decades–long dominant position in economic area.
Started during the middle of 1990s, China's manufacturing industry developed rapidly that billions
of exports were floating out, and China was given the title of "the world's factory"(BBC). By the
end of 2010, China with a GDP of $5.8 trillion, surpassed Japan's GDP of $5.48 trillion, became the
world's second largest economy system (BBC). China also exceeded Japan became America's
largest foreign securities holder. Since then, China has been seen as the US's ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Before became as a President, in 1967, Nixon had written in a magazine as a President candidate
"We simply cannot afford to leave China outside the family of nations"(PBS). The reason Nixon
paid so much attention on China was that he foresaw the US, the USSR, China, Western Europe, and
Japan would become the major world powers. Being the world's most populous country, China's
great potential attracted Nixon to rebuild the connection between the East and the West. The
growing friction between Beijing and Moscow in the beginning of the 1960s urged the USSR
withdrew all their technical supports and industrial projects in China. Nixon saw his chance. He first
began to woo China in February 1969; he sent lots of positive messages towards China through third
party countries such as Pakistan and Romania (PBS). Nixon's hard working paid off by the end of
1970–China responded. Nixon successfully warmed up the relationship between China and America
by sending a team of Ping Pong players to China to play. This famous political move in US–China
history is called "Ping–Pong diplomacy"(PBS). Same year, Nixon sent Kissinger, his National
Security Council director, secretly visited China to arrange a visit for him (PBS). Finally, on
Feburary21, 1972, Nixon became the world's focus: he visited China. However, at that time
Chairman Mao was under bad health condition, the Premier Chou Enlai greeted Nixon at the airport
instead. The opening

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Contract On The Eurasian...
Since January 1, 2015 the contract on the Eurasian Economic Union came into force. The contract
on EAEU was signed by Presidents of the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the
Russian Federation on May 29, 2014 in Astana. The Eurasian Economic Union is the international
organization of the regional economic integration. The union is urged to create conditions for stable
development of economies of member states. It means union interested in increasing of a standard of
their population, and also in comprehensive modernization, cooperation and increasing of
competitiveness of national economies in the conditions of global economy.
Further I would like to examine the main advantages and disadvantages of creation of the Eurasian
Economic Union for Kazakhstan, and at least to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Such advantages like: simplification of declaring within the Eurasian Economic Union, potential
growth of transit trade operations (China–Europe), development of the logistic market of
Kazakhstan, simplification of transit of the Kazakhstan goods through Russia and Belarus, growth
of receipts in the budget because of growth of a customs tariff, growth of investments through
creation of joint ventures in the territory of Kazakhstan, entry of the Kazakhstan producers into the
new markets and increase of competitiveness of our production, also there are considerable political
pluses – integration with the strong partner, and simplification of the movement of human resources,
inflow of experts to Kazakhstan.
In my opinion in strategic aspect such integration will be very useful, and it is natural continuation
of already close cooperation with Russia. It would be silly to reject that fact that we for all years of
independence actively work with Russia which is one of the main partners of Kazakhstan, not only
in trade, but also in many other

Russian Duty Free Industry
Association of Duty Free and Travel Retail
BORT Russia
Moscow, 2011
Table of content
1. 2. Executive summary Russian Duty Free Market overview 2.1. Current market size 2.2. Key
drivers for market growth 2.3. SWOT analysis "BORT" Overview 3.1. At a glance 3.2. Our goals
and objective 3.3. Our structure "BORT" Russia partners (State bodies, National Russian and
International organizations)
3.
4.
5. 6. 7.
"BORT" Membership benefits "BORT" working program for the year 2011–2012 "BORT"
membership fees
Executive Summary
WHY RUSSIA?
Strong economic growth fuelled by High Oil Prices and modernisation of the economy Rapid
development of airport terminal industry reinforced by Global events in Russia within the period ...
BORT overview
At a glance...
Association of the Duty Free Trading and Travel Retail – "BORT Russia" is a NGO – union of legal
entities, carries out its activity on the basis of non–profit principles providing assistance to its
members who are the players of national Duty Free and Travel Retail market for achievement of
their goals and overall promotion of the industry on the national and international levels. "BORT
Russia" unites representatives of State authorities, Duty Free and Travel Retail shop operators,
suppliers and distributors, other nonprofit organizations and stakeholders whose interests lay in this
sphere. "BORT Russia" is a single entity on the territory of Russian Federation with a role to unite
interests of state authorities and business community for the purpose of development of the most

favorable environment within the country for Duty Free and Travel Retail sector efficient promotion
and growth/ BORT Russia has been founded in 2011.
BORT overview
Goals and objectives
Assistance to representative of legislative and executive bodies of the Russian Federation within the
development of appropriate economic and social policy, legal framework. Consolidation of key
market players interests and establishment of direct and mutually beneficial dialogue between State
and the Industry; Build awareness of the Duty Free and Travel

Introduction. With Russia Being One Of The Largest Countries
Introduction
With Russia being one of the largest countries in the world, they tend to show some signs of a weak
economic system. Russia's oil price dependency has taken a big turn in evolving drastically over the
years. In terms of the Russian Federation, they have a GDP of 2.097 trillion USD and a GNI of
3.328 PPP dollars. The currency in which Russia utilizes on a day–to–day basis is called the Russian
ruble. One Russian ruble would be equivalent to 0.018 USD when converting currencies. With its
former name being the Soviet ruble, it was changed in 1992 to adhere to the Russian Federation as
the ending of the collapse of the Soviet Union occurred.
Speaking on the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the crash of the Russian economy ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 2012, the new era of the Russian financial crisis evolved insinuating that a series of economic
sanctions occurred against and by Russia. There were declining oil prices which thereby reduced the
value of the Russian ruble.
Problem Identification
The problem in which Russia's economic system possess involve many different areas of crisis.
Russia's economic growth has been decreasing due to oil pricing and Western financial sanctions.
Without investment, the economy cannot grow. Russia dealt with this problem in 2012 when Putin
rose to power as it seemingly stopped growing. In 2014, investment eventually started to decline
which resulted in the crash of the Russian economic system.
The Russian economy has been deep in ostensibly low growth rates. Poverty and unemployment are
a huge factor resulted from a declining economy. Unemployment is said to be low, while poverty is
considered to be decently high in the formerly known Soviet Union. With the 50% decline in the
value of the Russian ruble, it has adversely impacted the standard of living in Russia at a great
amount. According to this impact, it is said that Russia is in more danger of economic crisis than the
global economic recession that occurred in 2008–2009.
Methodology
In the premise of the declining economic system Russia entails, I collected some data and
information regarding the nation's position on

The Global Sportswear Sector Operates In The Global Apparel
The global sportswear sector operates in the global apparel and footwear industry that recorded
worldwide sales worth $1.67 trillion in 2016 (Businesswire, 2017). Out of this, the sales of
sportswear items accounted for 7% with most of the sales coming from the U.S. and emerging
markets in Thailand and India (Businesswire, 2017). Besides, the industry employs more than 75
million people globally working in apparel, footwear and sportswear sectors (ILO, 2015). The
growth the global sportswear sales can be attributed to the growth in popularity in healthy lifestyles
as more people in the developed and emerging economies engage in physical activities hence
increasing the demand for sportswear. Sportswear refers to the apparel that people use ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the report, suppliers of leading brands like Puma, Nike, Adidas and Reebok have forced their
employees to work overtime and denied them the rights to form trade unions. In addition, some of
the workers work without being paid while others are underpaid after working for long hours (Clean
Clothes Campaign, 2004).
Similar findings were also reported by the Play Fair (2008) report. The report findings showed that
workers manufacturing sportswear items in form of apparel, footwear and soccer balls faced similar
problems. These include: abuse of employment contracts, violation to the freedom of association
and collective bargaining, and employment insecurity. Consequently, workers who attempt to form
trade unions are dismissed, denied the chance to negotiate and the facilities with unionized workers
get closed. In addition, the rise in factory closures has led to job insecurity among workers and this
reduces the likelihood of workers to seek better employment conditions. The Play Fair report also
argued that buyers tend to disregard facilities that are compliant with labor practices and such
facilities end up being shut down (2008). The report also highlighted the rise in short–term
employment contracts and precarious employment that undermine labor regulations and the rights of
workers to social security and freedom of association (Play Fair, 2008).
Facilities manufacturing sportswear

Soviet Revolution And The Soviet War
When the USSR collapsed the Cold War was ended, along with the spread of communism. In the
year 1991, the USSR lost control of several Baltic States. Harsh living conditions and oppressive
policies stirred rebellion in the people. Russian President Gorbachev tried in vain to restore power
by first withholding, "vital supplies like oil and raw materials from the Baltic States, or even used
force...where hundreds of people were killed" (Paxton 651). When deprivation and violence failed,
Gorbachev persuaded member republics of the USSR to sign a "new union treaty establishing a
looser federation of 'sovereign states'" (Paxton 651). Although, he had meant to strengthen
communism, Gorbachev's bloody tactics lost support of progressives, as well as, conservatives. The
final signature of the union treaty was blocked by a coup led by Boris Yeltsin, later he would
become president of the Russian Federation. Secession movements brought civil war to Russia. On
September sixth 1991, the Baltic States declared full independence with heartland regions similarly
minded. Now considered obsolete, the USSR was replaced with a new Commonwealth of
Independent States. Gorbachev resigned and Yeltsin assumed control. The Soviet Union no longer
existed.
Before, the Communist Soviet Union was the unifying threat that brought NATO into existence, but
now that danger was gone. NATO could accept one of two fates, "it must either consider a new
foundational priority/goal/purpose as a basis for coherent

How Is India The Rising Regional And Global Power
India: The rising regional and global power
Military cultural awareness can be defined as knowledge of cultural factors and the comprehension
of their impact on the planning and conduct of military operations. It reduces battlefield friction and
improves a unit's ability to accomplish its mission by giving insight into the intent of various actors
within our battlespace and the way these actors interact within groups, supporting planners in
developing centers of gravity to ascertain critical vulnerabilities and assisting in campaign planning
and the proper allocation of resources. This paper will discuss the Russian culture to help us better
understand the country ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Russians are currently involved in three conflicts to include Syria, Ukraine and the North Caucasus.
Economic Variable: Russia's economy is largely based on the production of oil, natural gas and
metals like steel and aluminum. Swings in global prices on these exported goods make the economy
vulnerable to boom and bust cycles. Although Russia underwent a 2–year recession from 2014 to
2016, the global growth and trade started to strengthen at the end of 2016 with the economy
showing a sign of overcoming the recession that was caused by the shocks of low oil prices and
economic sanctions. The economy is mostly based on a market–based system after the collapse of
the Soviet Union. With a high concentration of wealth in officials' hands due to a mostly privatized
industry with notable exceptions in the energy, transportation, banking, and defense–related sectors.
Social Variable: Russia's ethnic groups are mostly homogenous while having small groups of Tatars
and Ukrainian mixed into the population of over 142 million people. Most of the population is made
up of non–believers as far as religion goes due to a long Soviet rule followed by Orthodox at 20
percent and Muslim at 15 percent of the population. Russia has a high life expectancy of over 70
years and a high literacy rate with most of the population that can read and write after

Neoliberalism In Canada
Introduction Unions have a long and sometimes contentious history in Canada, although they are
also the source of many of the labour laws and standards that we have come to accept as normal.
However, since the 1980s, an increasing trend towards favouring neoliberal policies has erased
many of the social welfare and employment standards gains by unions, with particularly harsh
effects on more vulnerable populations including women, immigrants, younger workers, and
Aboriginal peoples. A striking example of these shifts is seen in the restaurant sector in B.C., where
recent controversies with Canada's temporary foreign worker program has at least brought some
discussions of worker's rights to the headlines in regional and national newspapers. Unfortunately,
despite this new attention the current political climate continues to be hostile to workers' groups and
to workers' rights. Changes: Neoliberalism in Theory and Practice in Canada and British Columbia
Neoliberalism is a direct descendent of 19th century liberalism and was explicitly intended to re–
create 'laissez–faire' conditions for markets in the 20th century (Hayter and Barnes 200). In ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The need to compete effectively in a global workplace has been a theme of reform in British
Columbia (Sectoral bargaining: Way of the future? 6). In fact the B.C. government has responded
vigorously to the market imperative of Fordism, in that businesses must find ways to make labour
'more flexible' (Vidal 590), meaning that part time, temporary, and contract workers fear for their
jobs and job security and so are willing to make concessions or even to look the other way when
employment standards are

What Is The Swot Analysis Of Alrosa
Joint Stock Company Alrosa is one of the world's largest companies for exploration, mining,
processing and realization of precious stones – diamonds, locates in Russian Federation. The SWOT
analysis was conducted and during the five years performance of the company demonstrated a
positive growth. The total output of the Company accounted for more than 98% of Russian and 28%
of global diamond production belonged to the company. Despite occupying the leading position in
rough diamond production, stocks of raw materials which could maintain the current production
level for 30 years and share of producers in the world market (OJSC Alrosa 2016). The high
performance and activities of the Alrosa Group is increasingly dependent on global influences of
political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors. The report will analyse
these factors of external environment (PESTLE analysis) of home country of the organization and it
will then examine the impact of mentioned factors on the operation of the company. External
environment: PESTLE is an analysis consists of factors, namely, political, economic, social, ...
Keeping in mind the end goal to enhance creation productivity and benefit of its business, Alrosa
settles on cutting edge advancement display and presents best in class mining and topographical
investigation arrangements. The Alrosa Group interests in execution of the advancement program
added up to RUB 2.7 bn in 2014. Amid the period up to 2018, it is wanted to distribute RUB 13 bn
for advancement ventures. Moreover, these days, an imperative variable influencing the innovative
intensity of the Organization is the accessibility of the innovation administration and Research and
development framework (Alrosa annual report

Russia 's Foreign Policy During The Cold War
At the height of the Cold War, Soviet foreign policy of the time was simple: increase world
influence through the spread of communism in order to undermine democracy, specifically the
United States. Today, Russia's foreign policy appears confusing to most westerners because of the
wide scope of Russian efforts but the objective is still the same: increase world influence. Currently,
Russia adopts a flexible diplomatic outlook by entering alliances that serve a temporary but
strategically significant purpose. Current global conditions and Russia's foreign policy will
complicate the United States' international strategy by increasing global economic competition
through economic partnerships with China and small military engagements within central and
eastern Europe and the Middle East. During the Cold War, Russia dominated the Eastern Bloc not
only in its military capability but through its economy as well. While Soviet products were not
considered to be of the highest quality, their manufacturing capability, supported by defense
spending was considerable. Whenever the Soviet economy floundered or the socialist/communistic
system was questioned, inevitably the Soviets assigned blame to capitalism and western influences.
In reality, when Mikhail Gorbachev became the general secretary of the communist party in 1985,
he instituted a major reform program with the intent of improving economic conditions for the
Soviet Union and its satellite states (History.com). The economic

Two Major Unions in America Essay
Two Major Unions in America
Unions in America were created to improve the working conditions of its labor force. These labor
force consisted of the men, women, and children that were employed by the owners of industry.
Many unions were established in the early 1800s, but due to the widespread fear of socialism and
the repression from the courts, the majority of them eventually failed. Most capitalist, at the time,
felt there was no need to share with its employees the profits of their businesses (Murrin et al.
2002:685–702). Management, for the most part, paid little attention to salary and provided few, if
any, safety measures and health protection for the people actually doing the work. Employees
worked long hours weekly, often ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Supreme Court, repeatedly found unions in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act, even though that
act had been intended to control corporations, not unions" (Murrin et al. 2002:701).
Later in their careers some of these men became humanitarians. But instead of providing social
reform in the work place with better wages and other benefits, they distributed large quantities of
their wealth instead to colleges and libraries; now they were looked at as heroes by society.
Consequently, due to abuses from employers to the people under them, laws and regulations to
protect workers were established and are now enforced by the U.S. Department of Labor. These
laws protect over 10 million employers and about 125 million employees (2003). As written in the
Department of Labors' General Information website, it says
"In carrying out this mission, the Department administers a variety of Federal labor laws including
those that guarantee workers' rights to safe and healthful working conditions; a minimum hourly
wage and overtime pay; freedom from employment discrimination; unemployment insurance; and
other income support" (2003).
The involvement of the federal government helped curb or eliminate conditions as those found in
sweatshops and other places. These jobsites usually were where people had to put in long hours
under unsafe working conditions.
The Industrial Workers of the World Union (IWW), unlike the Department of Labor, is mainly
concerned with the labor

Discuss The Arguments In Favour Of British Imperialism
Dirks argues we should look past colonial justifications of 'higher' principles such as Liberty,
Democracy or a 'civilising' impulse and recognise them as excuses for 'domination and exploitation'.
However, the confident and aggrandising attitude is crucial to understanding why the British
presumed that their white settler colonies would desire a closer union, and why others were
excluded. J. S. Mill's, who studied the empire as a scholar and as an official of the East India
Company thought that "different types of possessions [are] to be governed in different ways
depending on the stages of civilisation they had reached' and because of this civilising aim any
failure was blamed on the 'precolonial past'. As Sullivan has noted, like James ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
However, the difficulties of a creating an agreed constitutional formula exposed that a coherent
ideology was out of grasp. Political structures and Britain's role within them were of particular
concern as for Froude 'one free people cannot govern another free people'. An anonymous article in
1873 argued for 'a really Imperial Parliament in place of the 'English, Welsh and Scotch, and Irish
one that wrongly goes by that name'. There was particular concern over Britain's future role;
whether it would be first amongst equals, maintain her status, or be equal with perhaps power
centred not in Westminster, but in a federal head. Dilke argued that the issue of central government
as 'the choice of capital will, here as in Canada, be a matter of peculiar difficulty'. Also, ambiguous
vocabulary with 'federations', 'confederations', and 'commonwealths' whilst in one way was a
strength in attracting many to the cause, meant disagreement was inevitable. Bell compares Seeley
with anti–Imperialist and opponent Goldwin Smith to show that they shared a broad consensus
about the world and Britain's place within it, as Smith, nicknamed "Little Englander" advocated
unity, but contrasting Seeley, believed it would come from residue loyalty to England. Furthermore,
Dilke, who had already raised concern over

Impacts Of The Regional Trading Blocs
Since the World War II, the creation of regional economic blocs has become an essential political
remedy that gathers countries and nations rather than divide. Essentially, the creation of the
economic regional blocs aims to minimize the obstacles between nations that share the same
geographic border and to facilitate the circulations of goods and services. In fact, the regional
trading blocs differ in terms of political structure and economic objectives, but the rapidity of
trading goods and services within the different regions around the globe wouldn 't be possible
without establishing unified political and economic units. For example, the European Union (EU) as
other regional blocs gathers different countries that share the same geographical borders and differ
in cultures, languages, and political systems. Actually, the differences and similarities between the
various political structures and economic objectives are due to numerous factors such as history,
culture, and the level of imports and exports to each country. However, the impacts of the regional
trading blocs have some disadvantages that have negative impacts on the local economies of the
regional blocs and on the global economy as well.
2. Regional economic integration
a) What is regional economic integration?
Regional integration is the combination of political and economic regulations and agreements
between two or more nation–states. In fact, the main objective of regional integration is to
collaborate and

Perpetual Peace Kant Eu
The EU represents Kant's idea of a federation of states in perpetual of peace in many of the more
overarching ways, it must be noted that it is not a perfect fit. Before diving into the support of this
claim, it is important to realize what the European Union is so to fully understand what it could
represent. The EU is a political and economic union, hoping to facilitate free movement in terms of
trading, with the intent of building peaceful relationships and increasing economic growth. Perhaps
the biggest reason the EU was created was to increase peace throughout Europe and hopefully take
away the possibility of another World War. The European Unions serves as a facilitator for
agreement between each nation inside the union, and provides the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The EU would not function without the consensus between countries for a goal of perpetual peace.
The economic goals of the EU, while not totally representative of Kant's views, are not surprisingly
in our ever globalizing and growing capitalist world. Although Kant's essay on perpetual peace was
written in 1795, parts of it are eerily predictive and representative of the EU today. This can mainly
been seen in his proposition of a peace program between multiple nations, exactly what the EU has
become. Kant focuses on the possibility of perpetual peace instead of going to war any time there is
a conflict. He emphasizes the importance on connected nation states that do not interfere with each
other's governments or constitutions and to end the imperialism of one nation dominating another.
The EU represents this because it was made with the intent of perpetuating peace throughout their
continent, desperate for this stability after the horrors of WWII. The EU is connected through
treaties and common ideas, respecting each nation within the union. Kant focuses on the idea of
nations independently connecting themselves to each other for the goal of peace and therefore a
heightened society. It is clear that the EU was trying to do this, and they were able to accomplish it.
Kant also brings up the idea of free travel between the connected nations, something that is very
prevalent in the EU

Vietnam : A Lower Middle Income Country Of The East Asia &...
Vietnam is considered to be a lower middle income country in the East Asia & Pacific region. As of
February of 2016, Vietnam has a population of 94.08 and is 1.27% of the total world population.
Vietnam's economy has been growing since 1990 through free trade and programs to develop the
economy. The country is transitioning from a developing, agrarian economy to one more urban and
industrialized. The country hopes to expand their contributions to the global marketplace from low
cost labor and agricultural products to more innovative and higher valued products and services. In
2015, exports were 89.8% of the country's GDP, while imports were 89% of GDP (WorldBank). To
compare, exports were just 36% of GDP and imports were 45.3% in 1990.
The currency of Vietnam is the Vietnamese Dong. Currently, one U.S dollar is equal to 22, 291.57
Vietnamese Dongs, or 1 Vietnamese Dong is equal to 0.000045 of a U.S Dollar. In 2014, the
Vietnamese Dong was undervalued 39% when compared against the US Dollar. (The Economist)
Vietnam has had a high and increasing GDP growth rate in the past few years in comparison to the
global average (3.7%) (INGWB) In 2012, Vietnam's GDP growth rate was 5.2% and rose to 6.0% in
2014. This growth is below the growth rate of the overall area of developing Asia, which had a
growth rate of 7.5% in 2014. Figure 1 shows Vietnam's GDP growth rates in comparison to
Developing Asia, The United States and the European Union. Overall, the trend is a continual
growth

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