Evolution Of Early Cinema Technology

Evolution Of The CinГ©matographe In The 1890s
Throughout the history of cinema, a never–ending evolution in technological progression – paired with filmmakers' resourcefulness and ingenuity –
allowed for the development of style and encouraged a more involved craft, thus giving individual films a specific personality which therefore eased
the process of discerning which piece of cinema was created by which filmmaker. Because of the progress made in film technology, especially early on,
certain aspects of filmmaking that once were inconceivable (camera movement, Foley, CGI) are often employed in the films that audiences view today.
Although, while the evolution of technology may be linear, it cannot be assumed that quality of film follows the same trend. Instead, a filmmaker's skill
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Early cinema from filmmakers Dickson and Edison included unadorned, naturalistic depictions of "well–known sports stars, excerpts from
well–respected vaudeville performances, or entertainment by dancers and acrobats" (Bordwell 8). While the available technology of the time did in
fact limit Dickson's and Edison's films,) modern or developed technology would be incapable of improving them because of their jejune nature – they
did not call for anything more sophisticated. Nevertheless, the creation of the CinГ©matographe in the 1890s gave filmmakers the ability to shoot on
location instead of being restricted to in–studio shoots. Although, the freedom to record in a variety of new locations did not create better movies, but
it instead opened the door of opportunity for films like the LumiГЁre brother's L 'ArrivГ©e d 'un train en gare de La Ciotat and Tables Turned on the
Gardener, whose creation would not have been possible if the production was constrained to a studio. With the CinГ©matographe, options for
production were expanded for the film community, which therefore allowed for filmmakers to utilize the technique that was most effective for their
piece, whether it be a studio space with controlled lighting thanks to Dickson and Edison or the ability to shoot at a specific location
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The Talkies: Hollywood's Transition From Silent Film
The transition from silent film to the "talkies" in the mid 1920s transformed the face of the American film industry and of mass entertainment. "Going
to the picture show" was a wondrous experience that for 25 cents, gave Americans in large cities an escape from their tedious lives and offered an
evening of "crystal chandeliers, marble fountains, gilt inlay and richly upholstered seats" (Miller n.d.). They went to enjoy the "silent" film, which is not
an entirely accurate statement considering that all silent films were accompanied by live music, and were therefore not silent at all. Full symphonic
orchestras accompanied some silent films, while others had sound effects added by organ, and smaller movie houses used the piano to add sound.
Without ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This came to be known as "Talkie Terror" amongst long–time silent film stars whose careers ended along with the silent film era as a result of this
phenomenon (Doyle 2010). In the December 1929 issue of Photoplay, an influential magazine in the film industry, the cover read "The Microphone–
The Terror of the Studios" with another tagline, "You Can't Get Away With It In Hollywood" (Doyle 2010). The issue dealt with the introduction
of the new sound technology as it created a division between Old and New Hollywood. An actor had to be more than just beautiful to thrive in
New Hollywood; so the new talkies starred stage actors who had more experience with dialogue (Doyle 2010). Many actors left their film careers
due to voice issues due to the new technology, including Colleen Moore, Gloria Swanson, Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford, and others were
pushed out by studios using their voice as an excuse to demote or fire them (Doyle 2010). The silent–to–sound transition did not only affect the stars; it
ushered in a new breed of directors who had experience working in theatre and thus had a better understanding of the power of voice; it gave great
importance to newly–hired, all–powerful sound technicians who shushed the Old Hollywood directors as they shouted orders to actors

Difference Between Musical Theatre And Film Musicals
A musical film is a genre of movie where songs sung by characters are added into the storyline, occasionally complemented by choreography. The
musical numbers in these films do not always develop the plot and characters, but they do give the films a more exciting quality. The primary difference
between musical theatre and film musicals is the use of extravagant scenery that would be extraordinarily unreasonable for a stage performance. While
making movies, the individuals involved have the luxury of being able to shoot multiple takes and have the time to move backgrounds around or
change their entire location. Stage performances, on the other hand, must have scenery that can be easily and efficiently moved on and offstage when it
is needed. In order to be able to thoroughly comprehend this relatively recent– in the grand scheme of things– form of entertainment, one should
understand the history behind these musical films, be aware of some of the "big names" that are well–known, and recognize major titles that
revolutionized musical film forever (Scaruffi, P., 2005).
Before being able to completely appreciate musical films, one must be aware of their remarkable history and how they came into existence. According
to an article written by Cara Schreffler:
Since the days of the ancient Greeks, music has been an integral part of drama and theatre. Many composers wrote music to accompany plays, and
sometimes the music became more well–known than the play it was written for ... It

American Influence On German Films
Before the 1930's many influential films were silent, except the score in the background that had slight or little relevance to the movie. As
technology kept improving, sounds were added to movies as a method to help get across themes and motifs. Dialog could now be heard in movies,
instead of having to be read on a blank background. One of the first and most influence German films to properly execute the use of sounds was
Blue Angel, by Josef Von Sternberg. Blue Angel was created in 1930, and tells of the story of a respected professor who in an attempt to catch his
student from attending a club called The Blue Angel, ends up falling in love with a cabaret performer named Lola Lola. The professor resigns from
his job as a teacher, and lives

Hitchcock Synthesis
The advent of sound was not seen in a positive light by all, some believed that the introduction of sound would stain the purity of the strictly
visual–based medium and even degrade it (Eisenstein, 257). The interest in sound film was thought to have been a fad that the public would soon be
over, however like the invention of the cinema itself it was here to stay. The concept of moving–images alone was believed to be an invention without a
future, and was initially thought of only as an amusement. However, the majority of these people only criticize what they do not understand, in this
situation it is the fear of technological advancement in film. In statements made by Alfred Hitchcock to FranГ§ois Truffaut, he claims "thatsilent film
was the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When the synchronized sound portion of the film begins, there is a scene of Alice and Frank travelling on the subway and a little boy bothers
Alfred Hitchcock (in his cameo). Hitchcock instructs the boy's mother to control him, but over the sound of the subway the audience can assume
that the mother did not hear a word he said as the boy continues annoying Hitchcock. Hitchcock mocks the inclusion of sound in this scene by means
of exploiting the sound of the subway overpowering all other sounds showing that sound is not always good. The audience is able to hear the noise
made by the subway, and can see the characters' lips moving but are not able to discern the dialogue. An advantage of using sound for Hitchcock as
previously stated was to identify a character's thoughts. When Alice is in her bedroom and her mother takes the cover off of the bird cage the bird
begins to chirp persistently mimicking the sound of a police siren, adding to Alice's uneasiness of the crime she has committed. It would be difficult to
convey the same metaphor in silent film without using inter–titles or possibly even a montage of shot of a police car driving by and the bird chirping,
making the usage of sound essential to this scene. One of the most innovated uses of using the recording sound in the film was utilizing the phone
booth in the shop. Rather than having the camera be placed in a sound–proof booth to isolate unwanted noise, Hitchcock turned the tables and had the
actors be the ones in a sound–suppressing telephone booth. Hitchcock camouflaged the microphone by placing it directly into the mouth piece of the
phone, effectively capturing the actors' dialogue and nothing else (Belton, 240). This ingenuity is adds significance to the sound version of the film,
because Hitchcock had to reshoot parts of the film to

Non Diegetic Sounds In Jurassic Park
The Los Angeles' Film School stated the compounding of all three types of sounds in which includes human voices, sound effects and music gives the
realistic feel of a film to the audiance. Further more, the original sound clips impacts the high quality sounds which would be believable rather than
using the sound libraries for the sound effects which had already been made by someone as well as used for panelty of times. The synchronization of
sounds and dialogues espacially in action films are the important one. If the sound does not match the action which is being presented on a screen so
the factor of the believe would not even come closer. Harrell L. Scott said that the picture as visual and sound as audio are the two significant elements,
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Sounds are happening all the time, as well as creating the room tones of our locations builds the more reality in depth which is in subconscious, it
could be seen all around in daily life but there are some sounds that consciously hear like a car passing or a slamming door or may be creaking water
pipes that can recreate as one–shot effects. the repetitive nature and the non linear makes this shot difficult rather than the linear media which enhance
the tone of a scene in one

Motion Picture History Essay
Before World War I, films were being made mostly European countries and in Japan. When the war interrupted European filmmaking, however, the
American film industry began to dominate the world market. In the years between 1917 and 1927 the silent film reached the peak of its development.
United States had the largest film industry and American films dominated the international market.
Germany and Japan still had some movie industries but mostly left to domestic. Many nations found film production as a matter of importance to
national culture, sometimes by limiting on film imports. D. W. Griffith transformed early day of domestic production to an era of Hollywood's
worldwide dominance.
Major companies that dominated Hollywood were Fox, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Germany's films were based on history, literature, and mythology. The enormous production facilities of the government enabled most films to be
made indoors. Innovators at the large German studios also created new techniques in lighting and staging. In contrast with the Germans, Soviet
filmmakers preferred natural settings and used the Russian people as cast members. From the start, Soviet films were closely related to the
propaganda efforts of the Communist regime, and film was recognized by Premier Nikolai Lenin as the best way to reach the people.
From the time of the first motion pictures many people tried to synchronize phonograph records with films without success. Some theaters used
machines to emit sound effects behind the screen; others hired actors to read aloud during the film. Pianists and organists, who tried to match their
selections to the mood and pace of the action on the screen, provided musical accompaniments. Full orchestras in many of the large theaters
accompanied some of the more spectacular silent films. Sound films became possible through the development of the means to record sound directly
on film and of the audio amplifier, which provided sufficient volume of sound for large theaters. Lee De Forest, who exhibited brief sound films to the
public in 1923, pioneered both of these

Edgar Vilhelm Analysis
Edgar Vilhelm. Aspiring author, playwriter, sound mixer, multi
–instrumentalist, and multi–media artist. As a self–described "jack of all trades, master
of none", Edgar surely doesn't carry the attitude of "master of none" at all. Upon first meeting him he seems like a very humble guy, but after being
his friend for some time he reeks of self–importance. It's actually very comedic.
Me: First, give me a quick description of who you are.
"One of the best minds of our generation. Oft referred to as "Edgar the Victorian," I am a 20–year–old white, cis–het male atheist, a painter,
multi–instrumentalist, writer, and soon–to–be filmmaker. Snarky as fuck, especially towards 'alternative facts.'"
Me: Since you listed off a lot of things including ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I think the first story I wrote was a Godzilla knock–off, which I called "Space Monster." I even made a sequel for it a little while later lol. Next big
writing project I remember was in 4th grade, for science class. Our teacher told us to write a story about the changes between states of matter, and
molecules moving. The first one ended up being a parody of Star Wars, in which my friends and I turned into Star Wars characters and went to space
to battle aliens who destroyed the sun. When I was in elementary school, I and some friends of mine took the Space Monster concept and decided to
go in sort of an "Ultraman" direction with it, by trying to make it into a show and having it be sort of a monster–of–the–week thing, in which every
episode, Space Monster would have to battle new monsters. I tell you, I was drawing kaiju left and right for that. The stories were really fucking
involved as well. Next, around 5th–6th grade, I began getting into anime. Hence, I started coming up with anime characters, and demons for them to
fight, and such. More recently, I've shifted the focus onto poetry, and found my style becoming more aligned with the gritty realists, like Bukowski,
Carver, Ginsberg, and Heston. Poetry isn't any more than a hobby for me––self therapy, to put it better. I view it as language unhinged. I use whatever
visuals or words I need to convey exactly how I

Hollywood Production Code Essay
The film history of Hollywood is an extremely intriguing and intense. The film industry flourished in the 1890s, when motion picture cameras were
invented and film production companies started to be established. It is fascinating how short films displayed in nickelodeons soon developed into
feature films shown in luxurious movie palaces across the country. Technology was improving at a fast rate and later on newfilm techniques such as
artificial lighting, fire effects and enhanced movie sets were introduced. Films, and Hollywood
itself, were distinctly and permanently changed by the technology and innovation
presented amid this time. For example, one of the developments that changed Hollywood forever is sound. Silent films vanished as soon as films with
sound, better known as "talkies" were created. Furthermore, around this same time period, individuals possessed immense moral shifts powered by
religious groups during the Great Depression, which resulted in decisions that created a new revolution that dealt particularly with the regulation of
content of films. Consequently, in 1934, at the same time that the "Golden Age of Hollywood" began, the Hollywood Production code was formally
implemented. Relatively few individuals are knowledgeable about the process and story encompassing the code. However, the analysis of the
Pre–Code film Baby face can be a valuable tool on the comprehension of the Production Code's direct impact on Hollywood and the reverberations that
can

Analyzing the Twinkletoes, My Best Girl, and Metropolis...
The St Andrean film poster for Twinkletoes (Charles Brabin, USA, 1926), My Best Girl (Sam Taylor, USA, 1927), and Metropolis (Fritz Lang,
Germany, 1927) signifies the rise of the star system and film production companies. Furthermore, it touches on the broadening of the local theatrical
audience, the decline of the internationality of film, the popularity of female sexualization, the continued interest in spectacle, and the growing interest
in the modern and futuristic. Additionally, the poster mentions the beginnings of a shift from focus on spectacle to narrative.
Firstly, one of the most notable of the features of the poster is the names of starring actresses. Unlike previous posters, the prominence of "Co[l]leen
Moore" and "[M]ary Pickford" indicate the emergence of the star system, which gains momentum in the 1930s, soon after the release of these films.
The poster also specifies that this is Pickford's "only appearance this year" in an attempt to entice her fans, otherwise unable to see her theatrically.
Moreover, the name of the production company for Twinkletoes is also foregrounded. Although the Universum Film AG logo and the local distributor
for Metropolis are less stressed, they are still present. Together, these two instances reveal the growing importance of production and distribution
companies in the industry.
Secondly, by combining three distinct genres, the romantic comedy, the romantic drama, and sci–fi, the poster broadens its local audience,

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Film Budgeting
PRE–PRODUCTION
Once a shooting script has been prepared, the pre–production activities of budget and schedule planning commence. These tasks are compounded by
the problem that scripts are not shot chronologically. A shooting schedule depends on the availability of actors, sound stages, locations, props, etc. It
also depends on economics. For example, since an actor filmed on Monday and Friday must be paid for the entire week, economics dictate that his
scenes be shot at closer intervals. Outdoor scenes are usually filmed before interiors because uncontrollable environmental factors reflected in outdoor
scenes may impact the indoor scenes. In addition to schedule planning, scene requirements for sets, props, technical equipment, etc. must be estimated
before a budget can be set. It is not unusual for a feature film budget to consist of many thousands of separate items. Both scheduling and budgeting are
basically manual processes today with some automated support through data entry systems using formatted displays. However, at the University of
New South Wales, an interactive system is being designed for film budgeting, the generation of an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
3 While production people have shown interest in this type of total system approach, computer aided budgeting and scheduling will probably expand
first through subtask application. One of the requirements determined for each scene is the number and types of extras. The casting of extras
presents a particularly formidable problem. At Universal. for example, between 50 and 2000 extras are required daily to appear as background and
atmosphere people in productions. Requests are usually very specific: five men with black beards between 20–30 years old, 5' 10"–6'2", who can ride
horses and duel with swords. It is even better if they own their own horses and swords. Universal uses an interactive

AmericaвЂ™s Domination of the Film Industry
Looking at the film industry as we now know it, it's hard to imagine that America wasn't always the film producing machine we see it as now. Yet,
when we begin looking at all the technological advances that took place in film over time and the events which occurred during these periods, it was
a complex journey. In the following essay we are going to discuss why I believe that the wars faced both foreign and domestic played the biggest
factor in the American Film industry's rise to dominance by the 1950s.
Birth of Film:
As with all things it's probably best to start with the beginning; the birth of film. Eadweard Muybridge was hired in 1872 to capture images of a horse
running to settle a debate as to whether all four feet of a horse were off the ground at the same time while trotting. Little did he know that by capturing
these images he eventually would spark the invention of the kinetscope by Thomas Edison in the 1880s.
By the late 1890s movies could be projected onto a screen and audiences finally were able to attend public demonstrations. In 1905 the world's first
nickelodeon devoted to film exhibition was opened in Pittsburgh, PA by Harry Davis. Nickelodeons (named for both the price of admission and the
Greek word for "theater") soon spread across the country, the number of nickelodeons reached around 8000 between 1907 and 1908, and by 1910 it
was estimated that as many as 26 million Americans visited these theaters every week.
World War I:
From about 1910 American

The Digital Media Production Club
When I was a junior in high school, I was curious of how videos were made, so I joined the digital media production club. In one week we learned
the basics of how to create a short film, and it wasn't as difficult as I thought it would be to create a video. There was many interesting information
about filming, and I had fun producing each project with my club members. We had to create our own stories or personal perspective of a story
into a video. When we want to recreate a movie scene, we need approval of the scene, and the instructor would make sure we didn't get hurt in the
process. Filmmaking could be for anyone to create wonderful memories or express a meaningful message, and I would like to assist you with your
first short film. Thus, the primary steps to creating a film are getting the equipment, planning out the production, taking action, and editing the video.
First of all, it's important to gather all the necessary equipment needed for the project. If you can't buy the equipment, you can rent these pieces of
equipment at Magnanimous Media. Initially, the most important equipment for the production is to have a video camera since it's a device for you
to record the visual. The computer is another significant tool to use to edit the footage which the footage would be from your video camera. We
would need a video software on the computer, and I have some recommendations of software like Final Cut Pro, Adobe Premiere Pro, VideoPad, or
AVI Editor. The optional pieces

Film Industry Case Study
The main objective of this case study is to analyze the policy of co–production in screen industries between Australia and China based on the nation's
situation and the history of film industry. The main problem is how to utilize this policy to enhance government cooperation and business model to
apply those policies into the cooperation procedure. The other problem is the shortage of sustainability of film business and to find out the solutions to
develop a model to be used as a best practice framework for the successful integration of film tourism in a Destinations Marketing Strategy (DMS).
These can be further broken down into: 1. Analyze the coproduction policy and evaluate the level of economic value of this policy. 2. Analyze film...
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Main organization
Screen Australia 's Head of Business and Audience
Sydney films Production Company
Joint investmentпјЊShared Copyright
What is the Co–production refund policyпјџ
Australia and China Co–production refund policy from 2007.
Filmmaking requires a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources, if investor cannot obtain the expected return, it will bring heavy
pressure to producers. Therefore, in order to attract increasing Chinese directors entre to Australia for shooting and film framing and editing,
August 2007пјЊthe chief of China 's state administration of radio, film and television and the Australian Ambassador to China represented the
government of Australia and the government of the people's republic of China sign a film co–production agreement.
According to this agreement, the Australia government provides three–promotion refund policy:
1. China and Australia co–production are received 40% refund.
2. Visual effect is received 30% refund.
3. Shooting in Australia is received 16.5% refund.
In addition, this agreement can also with the superposition state and territory governments preferential measures, avoiding the trouble as much as
possible to reduce the cost and improve the return investment. After signing the agreement up to now, a total of four co–production movie successful
production, total investment is nearly sixty–eight million,
The advantages of applying the refund of co–production
1.The

Public Enemy Analysis
Public Enemy, based on the novel Beer and Blood, is a drama–crime film directed by William Wellman in 1931. Its development was based on three
sources which were: language, technology, and the aesthetic character. Language development as used in the film was vital as it demonstrated the
gangster convention was referring back to the oral aspect. The aspect was meant to bring out the verbal and thought expression in the days among the
people since technology literacy was not so common. Cagney is seen tending to show his teeth while speaking to suggest that his voice should be
viewed more broadly than just on the oral film oral system. However, he never used slangs and ethnic accents like other actors did. Another scene is
when Matt is killed and Tom's vocal powers diminish as seen when apologizing to his mother in the hospital. At the film closing, Tom's silencing
seems to strangely relate to the stopping of a record playing a period song, "I'm forever blowing bubbles" which appeared in the early scenes signaling
his gang career. Technology as used in the early sound films was incredible and unique. In Public Enemy, sounds were breath
–taking, quiet and had a
perfect creation making the film peaceful and appear intelligible. It adopted the composite of art exhibits where tableau model was used for the silent
film narrative. Public Enemy combined well the silent story with the sound doctrines into the realm of conscience artistic. The technology is
gradually being understood and will help in advancing the future film field if used sparingly and carefully by employing sound like a tool rather than
an agent of complacency. The aesthetic characteristic was well developed in the film where we have the backward shot of Cagney as he approaches
the camera for a close–up with a sinister grin on the face and seems like the camera is trying to escape him. Later, the roles are interchanged as the
camera is put at a lower angle waiting for Cagney to put the face into the gutter which is a foreshadowing of final film shot. The declaration made at the
launching of the narrative was that "the intention of the authors of Public Enemy to honestly depict an environment that exists today in certain strata of
American life, rather

Analysis Of Charlie Chaplin 's City Lights
In the initial scene in Charlie Chaplin's City Lights, the tone is set with an establishing shot of a large crowd accompanied by a score of trumpets.
Following this shot, a title card says "To the people of this city we donate this monument; 'Peace and Prosperity'." (Chaplin, City Lights). This title card
establishes what a large, authoritative man, presumably the mayor, is relaying to the enthusiastic crowd below him. As he speaks, all that the film's
audience hears are inarticulate buzzing noises (today, often compared to the voices of adults in Peanuts cartoons); however, it can be assumed that the
characters in the film understand him. The woman he introduces speaks in a similar manner, though in a higher pitch. The two stand on a stage in
front of a large monument covered by a sheet. The woman briefly introduces a bespectacled man, possibly the sculptor. A microphone is very clearly
visible towards the left side of the frame. Trumpets sound, everyone stands, the woman pulls a ribbon and the monument is unveiled. The monument is
a large stone work of three Greco–Romanesque statue figures draped in robes. One figure is seated upon a throne, another is kneeling with hands
displayed, and the third is lying back with a sword pointed toward the middle of the design. After the sheet is removed, the crowd stirs in astonishment
at the Little Tramp, asleep upon the lap of one of the statues. Unaware of goings–on the Tramp scratches and stretches while the crowd is in an upset. He

Singin In The Rain Analysis
The Transition to Synchronized Sound through Singin' in the Rain Singin' in the Rain is a 1952, Gene Kelly and Stanley Donen film based in 1920's
Hollywood. It follows the introduction of sound to the motion picture world and the Monumental Pictures studio's struggle to adapt to the changing
times. With the premier of The Jazz Singer, the first talkie, Monumental Pictures must uproot a current film in production and make the transition to
synchronized sound film. It is through this background peek at the world of Hollywood film production that Singin' in the Rain provides a reliable take
on the introduction of sound to the world of motion picture. Viewers are able to grasp a thorough understanding of resources available for recording
sound, potential problems that occurred with the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The best example of this from Singin' in the Rain comes from the shot where the director of The Dueling Cavalier is trying to get Lina Lamont to talk
into the microphone. Viewers are able to see the mechanics of placing microphones and the inconvenience of having cords running to the sound booth.
The microphones were hidden in plain view and upon realizing that sound was not being picked up, the sound engineers had to find ways to reposition
them. Lina has to have her microphone sewn into two different places on her dress in order to get the best sound recording possible. Charles O'Brien
credits new technology brought about to improve synchronized sound with, "ultimately rendering the cinema less rather than more varied stylistically,"
in his book (O'Brien 5). This shows that while synchronized sound improved narration it was responsible for steering the film business towards an
industry characterized by a mass influx of synchronized–sound films and the extinction of silent films. From around 1927 to 1930 synchronized sound
swept the

Hollywood Influence On Hollywood
Movies and celebrities are a very important part of our culture today. Around the world, Hollywood is known to be the leading industry in
filmmaking along with Bollywood and Nollywood. However, let's focus on the American movie industry Hollywood. Globally, Hollywood is used as
an inspiration for other filmmaking industries. As influential as Hollywood is, there are always going to be opinions of other nations in which many
believe that Hollywood has created a sense of "anti–Americanism". Many believe Hollywood is a perpetrator of this, but that is not true. Hollywood
portrays who Americans are and what their culture is inspiring many countries to mimic them in; the anti–Americanism that exists in many foreign
countries is caused... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Around the world today, everything is influenced by popular culture, and popular culture is greatly influenced by the United States. It's no
surprise that Hollywood is well known globally because the best way to share popular culture is through movies and music. As previously stated,
popular culture has been disliked at times, which also means Hollywood is disliked as well. The reason for this is because many countries think
there's too much nudity and too much violence in the movies that are made in Hollywood. However, America has persevered because in order to
be the best, one has to deal with criticism. American media continues to do very well abroad, especially Hollywood products that are known to be "a
key engine of our economy". Without it, our economy probably would not be on the top (Bronk). In order for Hollywood products to do well abroad
they need to be liked, and according to our economy people around the world like Hollywood a lot. It's not the dislike for American cultures that causes
countries to ban American films from their countries. For many, it's because of the huge cultural gap that exists. According to Iranian National Media
Council, "the theme of the film does not fit with our cultural values". For example, in Iran, some of the aspects of a Hollywood movie do not fit their
cultural values, especially sex, and nudity

Warner Bros Logos History
In September of 1925, Warner Bros. retrofitted an old studio in Brooklyn, New York to produce sound film using the Western Electric Technology. To
showcase the new technology Warner Bros. signed licensing agreements, and a number of popular entertainers. Warner Bros. made an ingenious move
by signing these contracts before they even had use for the talent involved, which allowed the company to avoid paying inflated rates routinely
demanded by talent once sound became the norm. Since Warner Bros. had a lack of movie stars and its operation was small, sound allowed for them
to become a major studio. Warner Bros. pushed ahead with the sound on disc technology, but the majority of the industry agreed that sound directly
recorded to film was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We could not have the films we do today, or at any point without advancing and improving the technology in the industry. It all started with
photography and then came the Kinetoscope, then the Vitascope, then improvements onto the camera, 30mm cameras, 70mm, and Vitaphones. All
these advances happened within a 30 year period which is quite remarkable. These advances in technology impacted the history of film forever.
Without the innovation to put sound in film, filmmakers would have been limited to what the can do with their characters. After so long it would
have got sick of seeing very identical silent films over and over again. This also allowed for music to become a big part in film. Music helps the
audiences understand what kind of emotion they should feel during a film, and during a silent film you cannot achieve that next level of emotion. Also
by putting sound into film this allowed the audience to hear a character speak. Being able to hear a character talk lets the audience get more invested
into the character. The character on screen being silent would draw a line that the audiences always knew they were in a movie, but now with the
advanced technology hearing the character speak and interact with others get people more immersed. The technological innovations have been further
improved on today with the use of CGI, digital cameras, and many

Film Analysis : Movie, Film, And Films
Background
As a medium, films act as a very effective medium to share the stories and affecting people's life. Since ancient times, the stage has been utilized to tell
stories. When the motion picture was invented in the 19th century, it instantaneously captivates the world. Films have the power to hypnotize, bringing
its viewer to certain realms. With its power to subdue its subject, film becomes a vocal tool to get inside people's mind. Just like literature, film also
creates and promotes cultures.
Why It Is Important
From time to time, this medium has been misused by a large number of people in the industry, to sell propagandas and deceitful agendas. Hollywood
gives influences the whole world and set a certain paradigm of thought to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Through this production company, Christian movies are produced for various purposes to tell the Gospel, strengthening the faith, and inspiring people.
Vision & Mission
Evangelizing the Words of God through entertainment medium.
Rebalancing the understanding of the Words of God from existing misunderstanding from the secular productions.
Providing, in particular, a healthier entertainment to the believers and, in general, act as a tool to spread the Gospel to the greater populations.
Inspiring people about what the Christianity all about.
Producing Christian movies, shows, series, programmes, entertainment materials with Christian values.
Collaborating with other Christian entities in productions, missions, and societal concerns.
Educating the Christian community about the faith and understanding.
Participating with the universal church programs in effort to expand the true ministry to the larger population, to every corner of the world.
Profile
The proposal maker is a producer and director in film production with 25 years of experience and carries a good reputation in film industry. He works in
various productions before establishing his own production that reaches Europe and South Africa. With strong

Impact of Sound Upon a Films Thematic Premise
When exploring the significance of sound upon a film's thematic concept, one must identify the fundamental components of the individual film score
and its relationship to the development of the plot. Sound has been a dominant feature of the audience's cinematic experience from early in the art
form's history. Initially existing as a simple piano score that was used to assist in the realisation of certain on–screen emotions, the use of sound has
been greatly developed and is now considered as "one of the richest sources of meaning in film art." (Giannetti, 2002) This is evident through the
incorporation and combination of sound elements such as music, dialogue, sound effects and silence that relate directly to the emotions presented ...
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In the development of a films theme, sound can become highly significant by intensifying a mood and in creating a sense of location, allowing the
viewer to become increasingly involved in the world of the film (Phillips, 2002).
Starring Brad Pitt and Morgan Freeman as detectives, David Fincher's psychological thriller Se7en depicts themes with theological, philosophical,
moral and cultural facets (Vandelist, 2000), specifically the seven deadly sins, serial killing, violence, death, the chase, city life and good verses evil.
Playing the protagonist, Kevin Spacey depicts these themes through the murder of seven people, each representing one of the seven deadly sins.
Through exploiting the soundtrack, Fincher avoids commenting overtly on some of these themes (particularly city life), as they are ever present
through the sound in virtually every scene. (Giannetti, 2002)
The soundscape of this film is typical of the thriller genre, developing the concept that the audience fears what they cannot see, by using off–screen
sound effects to create constant anxiety. The musical score is used to intensify this particularemotion through modern, atonal and dissonant melodic
lines and harmonies. Such musical lines are often associated with audience feelings of neurosis and paranoia. (Giannetti, 2002). Furthermore, music
and atmosphere are used to foreshadow the action and to prepare the audience for a particular event.

Don Lockwood Singing In The Rain Analysis
The transition from the era of silent films to the sound era in the mid 1920s was a big transformation for the American film industry and mass
entertainment in general. This phase initially brought about much excitement for movie goers who were thrilled with the expectation of hearing the
voices of their favorite actors for the first time. However, such expectations were met with much disappointment when the highly fancied actors had
voices that did not much the preconceptions of the fans. The technical difficulties and various issues that the Americanfilm industry faced during this
transition are actually captured in the 1952 movie, "Singing in the Rain". In part, the film is actually about movie making during the silent–to–sound
era as its ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many studios at the time probably ended up losing a lot in terms of revenue due to the poor outcome of the new sound films that were produced at
the time. With all the challenges faced during the shooting of the films, most of the productions could hardly handle synchronization of sound and
video, not to mention the awkward voices of the actors. As such most movies ended up not meeting the expectations of the fans, thereby forcing the
studio houses to reshoot or accept the embarrassment and abandon the project altogether. In "Singing in the Rain", the directors are faced with a
similar problem later on in the film. In a certain scene, the movie "The Dueling Cavalier" is finally completed despite the various problems faced
during the set; the major one being Lina's voice as well as her inability to speak through the microphone. Nevertheless, the studio decides to preview
the movie in Hollywood. The preview turns out to be a disaster as the fans laugh at Lina's voice and howl at the synchronization problems in the film.
Synchronized sound added to the impact of motion pictures in that the audience was able to get more feeling from the actors in addition to the actions.
They found this new feeling to be rather exciting. However, problems with synchronization made the sound films a disaster to watch. The sound and
the pictures had to be in sync for the films

Project Proposal
PROJECT PROPOSAL By Aakash Sharma 07BA3DA037 An assignment submitted to IMAGE COLLEGE OF ARTS, ANIMATION &
TECHNOLOGY In partial fulfillment of the requirement For the award of the degree of B.A. (Hons.) Digital Media In 3D ANIMATION IMAGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS, ANIMATION & TECHNOLOGY Affiliated to UNIVERSITY OF WALES (UK) CHENNAI
– 600 004. Project Title: The Bang
Outline:– I am Aakash Sharma, Currently I am in my third year of graduation in digital media through 3d Animation. In my present semester I have to
work on the Final Project .In this project I am intended to prepare a Short Animated clip based on the following... Show more content on
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There will three main stages for my project preproduction, production, & post production. Pre–Production Idea ,concept, development of story, Concept
art of Character and Environment, Screenplay , Story board , Animatics Production Modeling , Texturing , Rigging , Animation and Lighting
Post–ProductionRendering, Compositing, Editing and Sound mixing. Story:– в™‚ The Bang в™Ђ It's a sunny afternoon, in the city. The frame
focuses on a silent residential street dings; in one point perspective .There is a guy walking on the footpath of street. He sees that a girl is coming
from far. He prepares himself to look presentable in front of the girl. His manner of walking completely changes, his body language also shows
variation. He pretends like a stud in front of her. He does high jump through bump grill, moves around the pole. He kicks a can and walks ahead. But
when he looks at the girl .He is left stunned. She is extremely hot .He cannot resist and couldn 't remove his sight form her and he suddenly bangs into
a pillar, The girl looks at him and continuously laughs (concealing her mouth with her hand)at his stupidity and unconsciously she also bangs into a
pillar while walking.Then the guy gets up and looks at her, giving her a sarcastic smile and walks away.She looks back at him simultaneously and
smiles. Both of them walk .In the credits they both are shown sitting in a

The Influence Of Sound In Film Peter And The Wolf
Sound in animation is an interesting thing because it's usually an afterthought for some filmmakers, especially those just starting out. This can even
be said of early animation where sound was recorded to the finished picture. After viewing some examples of early animation I find it to be true that
the soundtrack plays just as big of a role as the picture in animation. The influence of sound can be found in early films such as Peter and the Wolf,
1946 and Music Land, 1935. In these films sound isn't just an aspect of the film, but it takes center stage. Sound playing a prominent role is especially
true for the film Peter and the Wolf, 1946 because each character is assigned an instrument, which helps to define their personality and movements

Show Boat Scene Analysis
To be sure, sound summons our attention to the spatial and temporal dimensions of a scene by putting us in the point of view to it. The audio in films
completes what our eyes expect to see. In fact, sound brings the scene together because, without the audio, our minds could not reasonably finish the
scene.
This particular art form began in 1927, when a Universal employee, Jack Foley helped turn the film studios silent film Show Boat into a musical.
Because the microphones only picked up the dialogue, Foley added the sounds later. First, he projected the film onto a screen and recorded the
movement, footsteps, the props all on one track and basically acted out the movie again, adding sound. As it turned out, Foley created a new industry of

The Core Competency Of Perna Arts
Perna Arts has been one of the well–known and renowned production houses that have been operating in the Indian cinema for a long time. Perna Arts,
as the case states, has been facing issues where it has been unable to attract financers, subjects, movies, directors, actors etc. that were in the past the
key to success or the core competency for the company or the production house. However, in the past Perna Arts was one of the most successful
production houses in the Indian film industry. The core competency or the development of the company was based on the proactive and highly skilled
departments that were operating for the firm which actually delivered the optimum results for the company. The company basically hired technical and
artistic crew for each and every project the company became a part off. The first step which was conducted or managed by the ... Show more content on
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Over here, it is rather necessary to allocate the resources in the right direction and in actually making the production house achieve the results that can
guarantee the success for the company. The next step or the core competency of Perna Arts which has been the success story for the company has been
the Careful planning of schedules, managing contracts, selecting locations, booking studios, ordering negatives and managing the day–to–day shoot
was the responsibility of the production team during this phase of the project. The preproduction house to take a note of all the expense that might
occur during the production phase. Over here, the management of Perna Arts has been quite proactive and determined in the recent past where it has
developed stronger relationship with the suppliers at different levels who provide the film produced at Perna Arts with different materials necessary in
the project

The Similarities Between Bollywood And Silent Movies
Bollywood and Silent movies are distinct by their names and styles within each movie. They are known to be the most popular back in the old days.
Bollywood was, and is famous in India, whereas Silent movies were once a huge boom in Hollywood. Each movie's music play a significant role, or
portray an important theme for the viewers. These two genres of movie have similarities, as well as differences that make them somehow dissimilar but
somehow close to each other. Bollywood, an unauthorized name of the Hindi Film Industry in Mumbai. Some people interpret this name as the whole
Indian Cinema, and although the fact that it is the biggest in India, it is only a section of the entire movie Industry. The industry had originated from a
movie called Raja Harishchandra, with the unprecedented silent traits, in 1913. After that, the industry had grown so massively in 20 years that it
produced more than 200 films annually. The first sound movie was created in 1931, with the first colored movie in the 1950s. Bollywood movies set
their central point on music ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One major difference is that in non–sense song, only Charlie Chaplin sings, whereas in zindagi hai khel, woman and man sings alternately. For most of
the part, the woman repeats what the man had said. There is a huge difference between the instruments used in each of them. In the movie, trombone,
violin, cello, and trumpets are utilized whereas the Bollywood manipulates shehnai, tabla, sarangi and zither. This is mainly due to the difference in the
countries. Another difference between two is the dynamics. For the Bollywood, the music is on Forte everytime, loud and strong with the tabla and
shehnai, but for non–sense song, the music only gets loud when Charlie Chaplin is not talking. After he finishes his funny sentence, the music suddenly
becomes lurid. When talking, only the violins and cellos are used in a soft

The Gold Rush Compare And Contrast
Silent film has no recorded sound but can include background music and special effects. Since there was no way to record people talking, music was
used instead. Music establishes setting, creates mood, atmosphere and may foreshadow. Charlie Chaplin is one of the most famous producers and
directors of the silent film era. Not only did he write, he acted and scored movies too. In Charlie Chaplin's The Gold Rush (1925), the dance of the
rolls in the official version was officially composed by Chaplin to help correlate with his actions by using an Orchestra. It was later recreated;
however, it was composed using a piano. Although, people of that time period may argue that Chaplin's version is the best one and more effective
because it is an original, the piano version is the best. There are many factors to look at when considering which one is better. The two versions are
both great but the piano version is a better fit for the scene and the movie as a whole. The genre of the movie is a comedy/drama therefore, the ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When I watched the video with the orchestrated version, I was a bit bored and not entertained at all when the scene is supposed to be funny. It
could also be because that was like one of the first silent films that I have ever watched. This could be different for those who lived during the silent
film era because they are not used to comedy like that of today. The thing that does not make sense however is why Chaplin looks depressed while
doing the dance. He does not even smile or anything. I am sure there is a double meaning. If so, the orchestrated piece would make more sense and be
the best fit for the scene even though there are minor areas where the music does not parallel the actions. In the piano version there are many major
keys being used compared to the orchestra one there is not that many that are

Musical Films Research Paper
The Evolution of Musical Film
Since the invention of sound in cinema, people have continued to be completely astounded by musical film. From the earliest synchronized sound
films like The Jazz Singer to the fantastic musicals of today like La La Land and The Greatest Showman, musical films have the extraordinary ability
to bring people joy in the darkest of times. The impact and influence musicals have had and continue to have on people will live on forever.
In order to fully understand the influence that musical film has in society, it is important to look at the effect the invention of sound had when it was
first introduced in 1924. Before movies had synchronized sound, theaters were generally equipped with an organ, piano, or even live ... Show more
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In an article by Katie Moritz on rewire.org, she explains how musical film has changed over the years, going from a booming industry in the 1930s
to it's slight fall in the 40s and back up again today with films like La La Land and The Greatest Showman. Katie believes this "rising and falling"
of musical film has to do with the political climate of different eras. In the article, she says, " Nancy West, who teaches U.S. film history at the
University of Missouri, thinks the move away from musical film has everything to do with a changing political climate...The genre exploded in the
early 1930s as the U.S. struggled through the Great Depression...You see (musical film) in the 1940s but I think World War II put a damper on
that...(today) the political landscape might also be calling for a cultural pick–me–up." Musicals always seem to have the ability to lift the spirits of
society whenever they are needed

My Pursuit of Film Production
From an early age I have always had a strong interest in art, and have been involved with it in some form all through my life. When I turned 15 I
realised that it was something that I might like to pursue as a career, I started taking it more seriously. At the same time, I gained interest in film
production because I find the behind the scenes of films are amazing as I found this out when I was watching one the behind the scene documentary of
my two favorite movies and directed by two of my favorite directors in the film industry which are Goodfellas by Alfonso CuarГіn and Children of
Men by Martin Scorsese. The specific parts in this course that interest me are the cinematography and the editing process. In my spare time I like to
film and edit short videos, either scripted or just finding video clips I have to match up to a song.
I've completed my first year degree in Bachelor of Cinematic Art in Multimedia University, Malaysia in collaboration with University of Southern
California's School of Cinematic Art. Throughout the whole year I have learnt so much about film production from Screenwriting, Production, Sound
Design, Lighting to Directing Actors. A subject called Cinematic Art Design is where we form a group of five and take turns on different roles such as
Director, Producer, Sound Designer, Editor and Cinematographer for everyshort film to be made. Experiencing all of these roles throughout the whole
year was very interesting and challenging because you get a

How Did Background Music Affect The Film Industry
At the beginning of the 20th century, background music had a significant impact on the film industry. Before, dialogue was introduced to the motion
picture, all films were silent. Back at that time, silent films were very popular. This type of film is recognized for not having any sound nor music
but, "Silent movies were never silent, and the early projectors were always noisy. Music was a necessary mask and accompaniment to the enjoyment of
the early films" (Chihara). However, the actors expressed their thoughts and emotions with their actions and facial expressions because of the absence
of dialogue and music. One of the most recognized actors of this era was the one and only, Charlie Chaplin. But, later on musicians were introduced to
play,

The Jazz Singer
The Jazz Singer, released in 1927, is a black and white film that centers on a young man who wishes to conquer his dreams in becoming a professional
jazz singer. This film, directed by Alan Crosland, demonstrates new developments from the decade of the 1920's. During the decade, many new
advances; such as the introduction of musicals and other technological advancements, were created. The Jazz Singer utilized these new advances of the
decade and incorporated them into each scene. This is evident due to the elements of being the first talkie film, the introduction of the new musical
genre and the introduction of the Hollywood stars system. By utilizing the new advances of the decade, Crosland's film, changed the way cinema
would be seen ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The 1920's was the era of many new technological developments. Two major breakthroughs were the introduction of sound and musicals in cinema.
In the early 1920's, musicals were very popular in the theatre and, especially, on Broadway. Therefore, once sound was introduced in films, it was
only a matter of time until musicals would be introduced in films. The Jazz Singer is an excellent example of the introduction of both these
elements. "The 1920's were Broadway's busiest decade, with as many as fifty new musicals opening in a single season. [...] With so much demand, it
was a time of extraordinary artistic development in the musical theatre" (Kenrick). A musical is "a play or film in which singing and dancing play an
essential part" (Definition of musical in English). Because Crosland introduced these elements into his film, he was the first to introduce musicals into
the cinema field. "The huge demand for The Jazz Singer was unexpected, and caused other studios to begin to produce sound films of their own to
capitalize on what at the time they saw as a fad" (1920s Movies). The introduction to sound and musicals on screen was such a big advancement at the
time that other studios wanted to invest in the new technology.
Finally, The Jazz Singer is a feature film that introduces the new Hollywood stars concept. In the early 1920's the Hollywood stars system developed;
meaning that actors where

Hollywood Studio System Essay
What was the role of the Hollywood Studio System in creating and promoting stars?
'The Studio System – A model of industrial organisation in the film industry from about 1915– 1946, characterised by the development of major and
minor studios that produced, distributed and exhibited films and held film actors, directors, art directors and other directors under contract' (1 – Page
456–7)
'The Golden Age' was certainly 'golden' for the biggest film studios in Hollywood, these studios include Paramount (1916), Warner Bros (1919),
RKO (1928), Fox (1915) and M.G.M (1924), or as they were best known, 'The Big Five'. It was these five studios that created the Studio System, a
system that gave all five total control over the movies that they made, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Douglas Gomery in 'The Hollywood Studio System', he describes the end of the Studio System through three outside shocks. They were,
'The decrease in demand caused by the decline in incomes during the Great Depression, 1938's court case against the Big Five and the Second World
War' (5 – Page 22) However, the main issue on why the Studio System fell apart was the fact that the Big Five were sued for use of Blind Bidding
when selling their films to theatres. In short of what they say on www.cybercollege.com, in 1938, the U.S Supreme Court had decided that these
studios represented a monopoly and ordered for the case to be opened. Two years after the case was opened against them, they denied any
monopolistic practises and agreed to stop buying theatres, eliminate blind bidding and limit these biddings to only five films, but they didn't do what
they said they would. Four years after, the Big five still had control over the motion picture industry. An antitrust was launched against them and instead
of saying they would change their blind bidding or stopping the theatres ownership, they were forced to diverse themselves of both the Big Five and
also from the theatres they owned. (6) Thus the end of the Studio System reign was

The Persecution of Women in Alfred Hitchcock's Blackmail...
The Persecution of Women in Alfred Hitchcock's "Blackmail" and "Frenzy" The issue of female persecution throughout many of Hitchcock's films has
been fiercely contested, none more so than the controversial issue of assault and the attempted rape of a woman. Views that Hitchcock represents the
archetypal misogynist are supported, Modelski suggesting that his films invite "his audience to indulge their most sadistic fantasies against the female"
(18). Through both the manipulation of sound and the use of language, none more so than in Blackmail and Frenzy, the idea of rape and violence does
effectively silence and subdue not only the women in the films, but the also the women watching them (18). It can be said that Hitchcock had in... Show
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The opening establishes and embodies the world of the justice system, "the man's world", accompanied by its seriousness, organisation and harshness
in its outlook on reality, the depiction of a typical arrest, identification and trial of a convicted criminal. However, this "world", according to Wood is
threatened, stating that it is somewhat disrupted by the protagonist's "frivolousness, selfishness, and triviality" (272). It becomes clear that the female
protagonist, Alice, appears to be provocative and impatient, despondent at the prospect that she has been kept waiting at the expense of the British
legal system, although she is more than happy to share a joke with the nearest detective in order to incite some form of reaction from her lover, Frank,
a fellow detective. Stating that she expects "the entire machinery of Scotland Yard to be held up to please" her only aggravates an already awkward
situation, emphasising her unwillingness to conform to the rules and regulations, expecting the law to accommodate her every necessitity.
Furthermore, irrespective of Alice's standpoint on the British legal system, it is her annoyance in being kept waiting a matter of minutes that provides
the ensuing events to take place and can be argued that she is responsible for the situation she puts herself into, causing a disagreement between herself
and Frank to leave with another man, the artist and her "assaulter".

Motion Picture History
Before World War I, films were being made mostly European countries and in Japan. When the war interrupted European filmmaking, however, the
American film industry began to dominate the world market. In the years between 1917 and 1927 the silent film reached the peak of its development.
United States had the largest film industry and American films dominated the international market. Germany and Japan still had some movie industries
but mostly left to domestic. Many nations found film production as a matter of importance to national culture, sometimes by limiting on film imports.
D. W. Griffith transformed early day of domestic production to an era of Hollywood's worldwide dominance. Major companies that dominated
Hollywood were Fox, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Lee De Forest, who exhibited brief sound films to the public in 1923, pioneered both of these developments. Although the public failed to respond to
De Forest's sound films, electronics manufacturers continued to experiment with both sound on film and phonograph discs synchronized with film. In
1926, Warner Brothers released a program using synchronized discs; it included short talking and musical films and a silent feature, 'Don Juan', with a
synchronized accompaniment. William Fox in 1927, and later that year he also released the first sound newsreels released a short sound–on–film
comedy with spoken dialogue. Public acceptance of sound came on Oct. 6, 1927, when Warner Brothers presented Al Jolson singing and saying a few
words in 'The Jazz Singer'. The first full–length all–sound film was 'The Lights of New York', issued by Warner Brothers in 1928. The success of
sound revolutionized the film industry. Theaters had to install sound projection equipment, and film studios had to find methods of soundproofing
cameras and stages. Movement in most of the early sound films appeared static, because cameras had to be enclosed in soundproof boxes that were
difficult to move. Eventually cameras with noiseless gears were developed; microphones were put on booms, or poles, which could be extended as
needed. Early

Film Style Refers To The Technical Practices Employed Within
Film style refers to the technical practices employed within filmmaking, this includes the use of cinematography, mise–en–scene, dialogue, editing and
narrative. Understanding the changes in film style is crucial to examining film in a historical, political and cultural context. In this essay I will be
exploring how the coming of sound homogenised filmmaking which resulted in changes in film style. The coming of film sound, transformed an
experience which was exclusively visual, to equally audible and "most filmmakers soon realized [...] that sound, used imaginatively, offered a valuable
new stylistic resource" (Thompson and Bordwell, 2009)
Despite the popularity of sound production at present, the coming of film sound had a difficult ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Prior to the coming of sound, actors were chosen based on theatrical performance, which enabled a mix of diversity in silent films as the actors did not
need to be American or British, however with the introduction of sound many foreign silent film stars perished into oblivion due to not being able to
fulfil voice acting and the new naturalistic acting sound film required. Whilst each of these complications stalled the coming of film sound, the eventual
transition from silent to sound led to an immortal change in cinema and some inevitable changes in film style.
During the end of the 1920s, the definition of a silent feature proves problematic, due to the slow and blurred transition into sound filmmaking. Films
were released with synchronised scores of orchestral music and Foley sound effects, which was soon followed by 'part talkies' and 'full–talkie' feature
films. However, the early examples of silent film style favoured exaggerated acting, expressionist cinematography and extravagant mise–en–scene.
Short texts and dialogue were inserted into the film through title cards, which communicated the character's language. These distinctive film style
techniques changed as a result of the coming of film sound, as films began to be created in consideration of sound. Scenes had less cuts and still
camera shots, in order to focus on the importance of the character's dialogue which strayed from the previous importance placed on mise–en–scene

Silent Films : The Evolution Of A Silent Film
During the 1890s, Thomas Edison, a worldly known inventor invented a new technological creation that stunned and mesmerized anybody that viewed
it, moving pictures, otherwise known as movies. Just by cycling through a long strip of tiny subsequent photographs on a projection machine, the speed
of the machine coincided with the sequentialism of the pictures to create the illusion of fluent motion, creating the first of what society knows movies
to be today. This new innovation sparked a new desire for imagination and creativity, and created a platform that allowed the deepest imaginations of
the mind to utilize and display on screen. The transition from silent film to talkies, otherwise known as sound film, opened up new doors of
cinematography and composing, and allowed works of art to be seen and heard identically globally. Although Thomas Edison created the first of what
the world knows movies to be, he personally did not see how film could be beneficial to society. Even with his negative attitude towards his new
invention, many others found it to have opened a new level of creativity, and some soon took part in the evolution of his invention. French inventors
August–Marie and Louis–Jean Lumiere decided to take up on Edison's new innovation and make it much lighter and less clunky, its portability
allowing for easier ways of filming. It was not until director D.W. Griffith, thatsilent film really started to become popular in American culture. He
realized that "movies

The Jazz Singer : The Jazz Singer
The end of the 1920s was known for the ending of the silent film in Hollywood. With the advancement of sound technology, it has transformed the
way we view films in today's world. It all began with a film called The Jazz Singer, directed by Alan Crosland, starring Al Jolson, Warner Oland, and
May McAvoy. The film is about a little boy named Jakie, whose father is a Jewish cantor, and he defied his father by not wanting to follow the
family tradition of cantors. He wanted to be a performer, specifically, a jazz singer. One day, he was discovered by his neighbor Moisha and thus he got
beat up and kicked out of the house. Jakie vowed to never return home. A decade later, Jackie is a performer with the help of his lover Mary with a
new identity by the name of Jack Robin who wears a black face when on stage. One night, his father fell ill and was asked to sing at the synagogue,
however, it fell on the same day as his opening show on Broadway. Jakie had to make a tough decision choosing between his family or his career.The
Jazz Singer was a big hit when it was released in 1927 by the Warner Bros. It became the first known film that featured a synchronized dialogue that
ended the silent film era. Although the film was mostly silent, the film has some talking and several songs sung exclusively by Al Jolson himself. "At
the very first Academy Awards, held in May 1929 and honoring films from 1927 and 1928, The Jazz Singer earned a special citation as 'the pioneer
outstanding

Movie Review : The Silent Period Versus The Sound Era Essay
Aaron Sheer
World Cinema
12/18/16
Final
"Tragedy is when I cut my little finger. Comedy is when you fall into an open sewer and die."–Mel Brooks
In my essay, I'm going to use the suggested topic about comedy in film, focusing on the transition from silent to sound comedies in American
cinema and the creative impact it had on filmmakers and the films of that time in the 1920's and 1930 's. While sound always had a large impact on
cinema, it specifically changed the way we view comedy and its place as a genre that 'transcends medium.' I will also explain how it was that sound,
along with the rise of the Hollywood studio system inevitably put an end to filmmakers having total creative freedom over their films and its affect on
the film comedy genre as a whole.
By exploring the differences between comedy in the silent period versus the sound era, I'll also elaborate and define the intricacies of film comedies
compared with comedy on the stage – the obvious being camera techniques and advancements in editing with cross cutting and fades. I'm also going to
refer to comedic idols Buster Keaton and Charlie Chapman as icons to help distinguish comedy films and it's qualities compared to the other genres of
film in history and in modern cinema.
For my research, I also looked into the career Preston Sturges, whose work clearly distinguishes itself from the slapstick genre coinciding with the
development of sound. I also consulted the Sturges work, mostly Twentieth

Evolution Of Early Cinema Technology

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