The Success Of Corporate School Reform

The Success Of Corporate School Reform
The corporate school reform which has originated through political movement mainly has methods in which are taken from the political
approaches. The fact that most of the school board members consists of those who professions in business instead of education is not favorable.
The Failure of Corporate School Reform on page one states that the corporate school reformers try to "imagine public schools as private businesses,
districts as markets, students as consumers, and knowledge as product." If I am able to purchase my knowledge, that will be great. Yet, I am not
able to do that, and I feel like the reformers are only looking at me as one of the pawns on the chessboard; the reformers are only thinking of us as
money. There is a saying that everyone learns from their mistakes; however, the corporate school reformers only change their methods of approaching
by little bit or unnecessary matters. Even stated on page two of The Failure of Corporate School Reform, the "reformers have insisted on accountability
through test scores and [they] have failed." Then the fact that the standardized testing is still given upon to us is objectionable. Instead of taking out
the standardized testing, the reformers, for example, comes up with a method of abolishing or replacing public schools with charter schools. It is as if
they are trying to prove that their idea of standardized testing is not wrong by somehow incorporating the tests into the "new" schools or the charter
schools. The result
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Summary Of Carol Burris Opening The Common Core
Haley Wagner
Professor Micheal Callaway
English 101
11 October 2016
Carol Burris is a principle and co–author to the book "Opening the Common Core". In her article "I was naГЇve about the Common Core", she
addresses many personal experiences and negative outcomes from the modern day state standards for school districts. The Common Core is a set of
state standards that schools teach to students so they have the skills, habits and knowledge to be successful for college and post high school careers.
While in the beginning of the article she claims she was completely for this method of teaching, she later describes how gruesome it truly was to the
students. The overwhelming stress to the children through extensive evaluations and tests became ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Only recently with the addition of the Common Core Standardized Tests, students are being faced with more tests than ever. A typical student takes 112
mandated standardized tests between pre–kindergarten and 12th grade (Study says standardized...). In my opinion, the complexities of these tests are
inclining to a degree where they are unreachable to the average student. These tests are an unreliable measure of performance with unfair instruction
time. Student anxiety and stress has become so awful that the Standford–9 exam comes with instructions on what to do in case a student vomits on the
test. While the tests are there for students skill–measurement scores, they aren't the only one's who need to prepare for the exam. Teachers are equally
pressured by their overhead figures to insure student's score well. Just like the students, standardized tests are an imprecise measure of teacher
performance, yet they are used to reward and punish teachers. Teachers are being required to a more progressive teaching style with emphasize on
reflective learning. The effects of this are being nicknamed "drill and kill" test prep. Developing a corresponding curriculum prior to these
assessments can be tricky because of the ambiguous content the Common Core requires. A considerable majority of these tests are given to students
online. These already pricey tests come at an expensive cost for schools. An underlining problem people are concerned about is declining student
scores being used as an excuse to close public schools that already can't afford for the computers to take the test, and open more voucher

A Nation at Risk and No Child Left Behind: Deja Vu for...
Before the No Child Left Behind act came into effect there was a report done in 1983 called A Nation At Risk. Within in this report is information and
statistics about how academic underachievement had reached national and international scales. In response to this report the National Commission on
Excellence in Education came up with 38 recommendations for the schools. The recommendations were divided into five categories: content, Standards
and Expectations, Time, Teaching, Leadership and Fiscal Support (A Nation at Risk and
No Child Left Behind: DГ‰JГЂ VU FOR ADMINISTRATORS?). Most notably, the report led to comprehensive school reform efforts, was the
impetus for the academic–standards movement, drew attention to the significance of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Teachers have to focus mainly on the basic meaning of what the students need to learn instead of teaching the deeper and worldly application of the
material being taught. In addition, every year each grade is required to make higher scores on the standardized tests than the year before. There is
also the fact that the NCLB program holds children back. Those who are gifted or high performing students are not given the attention that they
need, because all of the funding that the schools are given from the program is being used on programs to get all of the students to the minimum
skill requirement, which is set by the NCLB. Also NCLB only focuses on math skills, English language skills, and eventually a science skill. This
only elevates the scores for two fundamental skills that students need in today's world. In focusing only on these few skills students lose the benefits
of a broader education. Some schools in times of budget cuts have had to cut some of their classes so that they can focus on the subject areas dictated
by the NCLB. Plus, some schools have done surveys and found out that high school students are lacking knowledge in the subjects of history, civics,
and literature. Another point that people disagree with is the fact that the Act is requiring 100% of students, including disadvantaged and those with
special needs, within a school to reach the same state standards in reading and math by

Persuasive Essay On Education Reform
Educational reform is yet to be perfected. Teachers shape the minds of students to realize what their purpose is in life. Lately, because of certain
educational reforms, it has been hard for teachers to say what they need to say. "In 40–plus states, the math and English guidelines determine the
knowledge students have to master by the end of each grade, what they'll be tested on this year, and in many cases, how teachers and principals will
be rated at their jobs once those test scores are released" (Strauss). Most educational reforms are adopting standardized testing and should be
reconsidered. Statistics even show that since we have taken part in reforms like No Child Left Behind, Race to the Top, and Common Core State
Standards math and reading are declining. These standards tell teachers what to teach and what the students should know by the end of the school year.
The reforms also evaluate teacher performance by how well the students learn the information. Some people believe educational reforms should not be
telling teachers how to teach their students, and others believe that the reforms are absolutely fine the way they are. However the truth is educational
reforms are yet to be perfected.
One point of view a person could have about educational reform is that students throughout the country should all have the same high–quality
standards. Issues and Controversies states,"All states should adhere to similar academic standards so that American youth are

Essay about Arguing Against Standardized Testing
To many students standardized testing has become another part of schooling that is dreaded. Standardized testing has been a part of school since the
nineteen–thirties; in those days it was used as a way to measure students that had special needs. Since the time that standardized test have been in
American schools there has been many programs that have placed an importance on the idea of standardized testing such as the No Child Left Behind
Act of 2001 (Evans 1). Over the years the importance of standardized testing has increased tremendously and so has the stakes, not only for teachers but
also students. All states in the United States of America have state test in order to measure how much students learn, and help tell how well the... Show
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Most standardized test do not measure emotional or mechanical intelligence, actually a lot of educators argue that standardized test do not measure
comprehension or actual intelligence but rather memorization. While others may believe that standardized testing just needs a few improvements,
others believe that it is impossible to have a test that measures accurately the capability of a diverse student population. Today's schooling depends
heavily on the test scores from standardized test. Standardized testing should not have so much weight put on them because they have a negative
impact on effective education, students' self–concept, and learning styles. Although standardized testing has been a major part of schooling it has also
had a negative impact on effective education. Standardized has made a huge impact on public schooling so much that not only does it affect the
students but also the teachers. With the teachers now beginning to get raises or having their jobs on the line if their students fail the test, many students
have not been getting the fullest education process that they could get. Students may not realize the impact that it has had on the type of teaching style
that they receive because they are so used to it. With so many teachers not having a lot of time to teach what is on the test and the other things that they
feel are important to students to know, a lot of

Foundations Of Reading Assessment And Intervention Research
Foundations of Reading Assessment and Intervention Research Paper In order for teachers to facilitate effective reading instruction, they must
determine what the students' academic reading levels are. This research–based paper will introduce many assessment tools that teachers can use to
evaluate students' baseline reading stages in order to appropriately guide interventions and instruction. Individual students' needs can be evaluated
through initial and continuing reading assessments. Teachers can do this by using both formal and informal assessments to collect and record data to
monitor student's progress. Assessment Assessing young children as they move through the steps of their literacy development will help teachers plan
for their lessons with a greater outcome for success. Using both formal and informal assessments they can establish the child's strengths and weaknesses
as well as monitor their progress and growth. Assessments can be formative or summative depending on when the assessment takes place. Formative
assessments can be administered regularly throughout the school year and assist teachers in monitoring the students' learning progress. Where as
summative assessments measure what the students' have learned at the end of any selected event. According to Copple & Bredekamp, (2009)
"Assessment focuses on children's progress towards goals that are developmentally and educationally significant" (p. 22). Additionally, assessments can
provide the teacher with the

The Education System Of The United States
Understanding the importance of education is like understanding life. They go directly hand and hand, because learning is apart of the daily life of a
child, and is extremely essential in a child's development. Children are introduced to the education system for the purpose to learn and thrive in todays
society. The education system is used to set a model for children to become successful adults for American society to prosper. Rarely, do we think
about school conditions and the stress pushed upon educators to make what it takes to have a thriving school year. In the United States, the budget for
education primarily comes from state and local taxes. Usually, the budget from state and local are not enough, and year after year, many are getting cut.
Schools are desperately in major need for additional funding, and they gladly utilize these federal funds as much as they can. Once federal funding is
accepted to help these schools, so come the high standards and expectations. The use of Federal funding creates high stake environments, that effect
students and teachers differently. With these high expectations for standardizingtest scores, teachers are promised large bonus incentives in return. In
2009, schools were given the option to apply for funding by The Race to the Top Fund, and these expectations cause teachers and students to have high
stress and anxiety in standardized school testing. The new expectations from federal funding change the educational curriculum, induces

The Pros And Cons Of Standardized Testing
"STOP, put your pencil down and close your test booklet."... words that are familiar to all students which have taken standardized tests. Public school
students will take an average of 112 mandated standardized tests between pre–K and 12th grade. The number of standardized exams has escalated over
the last decade, spurring many to question the effectiveness (Layton 1). Supporters of standardized testing recognize three main goals: measurement of
student achievement, teacher and school accountability and consistency, but are these goal being accomplished. Research suggests that the goals of
standardized test are not being met due to fundamental flaws which cause teachers to "teach" to the test. This will eliminate building of advanced
curriculum by destroying innovation and creativity that foster a love for learning and teaching. Students have lost their ability to think critically and
apply their learning ( Room 241 Team 5).
Standardized testing has been evident for many years in education, determining college admissions, teacher effectiveness, student academic ability and
consistency in instruction. Standardized tests can be grouped into two main types: norm referenced and criterion referenced. Norm referenced tests are
most commonly used to compare students to other students. Criteria referenced tests primarily measure students' mastery of subject matter or
curriculum standards (Geiser 22). The main focus of of standardized testing is to provide specific

English Language Discussion Questions
without asking questions. He also encouraged just chit–chat, gossip and all other forms of conversation. He stressed that talkative parents have
talkative children and taciturn parents have non–speaking children. He alleged that it was imperative to also listen to your child even if they are just
saying bababababa, repeat what they've said back to them and react to what they say. Letting them practice and hear themselves and see a parents
interest is crucial to language development. Talking to your children not only builds language skills but it also increases intelligence. 6) IDEA part C
regulations state specific mandates about assessments for children birth to three. What are three of those mandates? Three IFSP mandates about
assessments:... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It's visual impact is simplistic and useful by sharpening the early interventionists awareness of the families community, it assists deciphering proper
assessment and planning of interventions, and even evaluating the effectiveness of the services provided. The Eco–map is also useful in the
development of the IFSP by helping the early interventionist have the full picture of the family so that the IFSP can be family–centered, respectful of
the diversity inside of the family and knowledge of the individual resources and needs of the

The Liberal Arts And Education
The liberal arts are a vital subject for the curriculum of every school worldwide. However, numerous education reforms set in motion by American
government have begun to take a heavy toll on the existence of art programs in schools. Subjects such as theatre, music, dance, visual arts, and many
more are being sacrificed economically in lieu of basic subjects that are listed as more important by the state. As a result of these funding cuts to arts
programs, students across the nation are beginning to lose crucial opportunities to take part in these traditional fields of study. The liberal arts
programs across the nation's schools provide more to students than can be attained in the basic classroom setting, and therefore should not be
surrendered to other subjects that are deemed more prominent. Nearly every aspect of the arts has been in practice since the dawn of man. Before the
existence of the world's major technologies such as the television or the internet, people had to entertain themselves. As Efland writes in his research of
the history of art education, "as long as the arts have existed, artists, performers, and audience members have been educated for their roles." Perhaps
the most well–known of the art practices are the visual arts. Everything from cave drawings, carvings, statues, tattoos, piercings, to even decorated
dishes serve as examples of the earliest visual arts. These items often served as symbols for cultural deities, stories of the past, folklore, and

Standard Based Learning And Its Impact On Education
Standard based learning has led to the demise of public education for years. Standard based learning is an educational system that measures students'
achievement and mastery of skills by their performance on assessments. Institutions that implement standard based learning use learning standards that
explicitly describe what students should theoretically know and what lessons that educators should teach. The learning standards were created to define
the adeptness of the students, ensure the retention of information, and the acquisition of the appropriate skills. Law makers tend to believe that
standards will make the educational system a better place. With each political campaign a new educational reform is presented and it usually... Show
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Southerland cite that NCLB was an improvement policy that required, "... greater accountability to improve students' achievement scores on
statewide–administered summative tests for both teachers and school systems."(Aydeniz 234). This can be said for all of the political reforms the
agenda is to improve the test scores not the education of our children Educators are not only limited financially but they are deprived to the freedom to
actually educate their students. Standards are subjective requirements that tend to hinder the true abilities of students and educators; no student is the
same therefore it seems almost impossible to require every student to be able to comprehend on the same levels.
In order to measure student competency evaluations are given. These evaluations formally known as standardized tests are not only used to measure
students' "wit" they are also used to give an indication of the educators' performace.Standardized tests are the main focus for many educators in
state–funded public schools. Criterion–Referenced Competency Tests, End of Course Tests, Graduation Tests, Milestones and state writing tests seem
to all have one thing in common; they are used to determine the amount of money schools will receive. Education is yet another pawn in the political
revenue game. The "success rate" of the schools determine the amount of funds that they receive from the government, meaning that if a school does
not meet qualifications then their

Evaluation Of A Research Tool Essay
I. Valid Data a. 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ltvDNAsO–I 2.http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.easydb.angelo.edu/eds/pdfviewer
/pdfviewer?vid=12&sid=30c9c5c2–f1d8–4a79–bdc2–8b139b474eb1%40sessionmgr4010&hid=4213
3. http://psc.dss.ucdavis.edu/sommerb/sommerdemo/intro/validity.htm
b. Data shows validity when the test or tool used to obtain the data is believable. Two different ways of determining validity is internal and external.
Internal research will show whether the research tool used has measured what the research determined from the beginning it would measure. External
research can be used to generalize what the research found into other areas that are similar to the research. A researcher can use three methods to find
the validity of a test. The content method decides what content is going to be measured in the research. The construct method involves the researcher
verifying a theory behind the research question and then whether the test is adequate to give valid data. A third method is the criterion related method
in which c. A researcher wants to measure the ability of elementary students to determine whether bullying is right or wrong in the context of playing at
recess. The researcher shows a group of participants a video of students at recess bullying a student. The student responses gather shows that the
students determined that the bullies are not involved in wrong doing towards the student on the receiving end

Testing Is Necessary For Student Performance
Introduction Testing is as much a part of education as attending class, eating in the cafeteria, or going on field trips. Testing is necessary in order to
provide feedback relating to student performance. Testing is a vague phrase, however, and for the purposes of this paper, specifically, standardized
assessments, formative assessment, and summative assessments will be discussed. Standardized assessments come in two varieties, aptitude tests which
predict "how well students are likely to perform in some subsequent educational setting" and achievement tests which are what "citizens and school
board members rely on when they evaluate a school's effectiveness." (Popham, 1999, p.8) Formative assessments are also known as "assessment for ...
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If schools are expected to be compared in standardized testing and measurement data, then there also needs to be better alignment of curriculum that is
being taught. Based on that thought, Common Core was designed and adopted, or at least a version of Common Core, by most states. "With proper
use, these standards (Common Core) could eventually lead to greater equality in education and give all children the education they need and deserve."
("Testing, testing", p.7)
My Philosophy of Assessment
Purpose
Assessment is one of the most important tools in a teacher's toolbox. It serves a multitude of purposes towards the educational process. According to
Rust (2002), assessment serves three overarching purposes, "it determines much of the work students undertake, affects their approach to learning, and
is an indication of which aspects of the course are valued most highly." (p.1) In this manner, Rust outlines the basis of determining what students will
do, how they will do it, and why they will do it. Rust goes on to further identify the appropriate steps to designing assessments in order to get the best
use out of the results, first teachers must decide on the learning outcomes, what do the teachers want the students to be able to do at the conclusion?
The next step is to design how the teacher would like for the students to demonstrate their ability to show that they have met the learning outcomes. The
final step

Skills Assessment Evaluation Form :
Skills Assessment Evaluation Form Use the form below to assemble your Skills Assessment summary. You will submit this completed form as evidence
of your assessment. SPE 569 Student Name: Kelly Gilpatrick Client/participant information: Area of behavior focus – Manding and tacting, play skills
such as cooperative play, symbolic play, and spontaneous and imitative play skills, eye contact, receptive identification and expressive identification of
various stimuli, self–help skills such as dressing, brushing teeth, washing hands, and toileting. Age: 3 years old Assessment environment (home, clinic,
classroom): Home environment Assessment #1Assessment #2 Assessment Name Verbal Behavior Milestones Assessment and Placement Program
(VB–MAPP)Assessment of Basic Language and Learning Skills–Revised (ABLLS–R) Publisher AVB Press, 2008Behavior Analysts, Inc., 2010, 3rd
edition Original edition released in 1998 Information sources (URL) Printed Version http://www.avbpress.com/vbmapp–set.html APP for VB–MAPP
https://www.vbmappapp.com/products_services/vbmapp_app Printed version https://www.partingtonbehavioranalysts.com/shop
/ABLLS–R–The–Assessment–of–Basic–Language–and–Learning–Skills–Revised.html WebABLLS 2.0 (Electronic version available) https:/
/www.partingtonbehavioranalysts.com/page/webablls–26.html Cost Printed Version: $ 69.95 APP: $19.99 for 1 student, $54.99 for 3 students,
$179.99 for 10 students, $399.99 for 25 students Print version: $64.95

Problems With Standardized Testing Essay
In Standardized Testing and Its Victims, an article written for Education Week, Alfie Kohn states:
Standardized testing has swelled and mutated, like a creature in one of those old horror movies, to the point that it now threatens to swallow our
schools whole.... Our children are tested to an extent that is unprecedented in our history and unparalleled anywhere else in the world. While previous
generations of American students have had to sit through tests, never have the tests been given so frequently, and never have they played such a
prominent role in schooling. (1)
Kohn accurately describes one of the main flaws in America's education system: standardized testing. According to the article No Child Left Behind,
legislation passed in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In order for students to score higher, teachers edit the curriculum drastically, change teaching methods, and sometimes resort to dishonesty (5–8).
According to a 1990 survey cited by Katie Young in her article, What's So Bad About Standardized Testing?, nine percent of teachers admitted to
cheating to raise test scores. Furthermore, many teachers unintentionally become angry and frustrated with low scoring students, resulting in a more
hostile and uncomfortable learning environment. Both teachers and students feel discouraged and suddenly unmotivated after scoring poorly, which
eventually affects the entire learning atmosphere (4–5). In How Standardized Testing Damages Education, an article by the National Center for Fair and
Open Testing, standardized testing is described as "developmentally inappropriate" (1). The overwhelming amount of pressure that accompanies
standardized testing can severely affect students, administration, and the school system as a whole.
All of this pressure is caused by a single test that does not even truly display a student's intelligence. Many researchers have found that the content on
standardized test is much too narrow and the multiple choice format limits creativity (Herman and Golan 3). There are so many other factors that truly
display a person's abilities and qualifications, such as involvement in the school, extracurricular activities, and accomplishments in

Persuasive Essay On Standardized Testing
If standardized testing is going to change, then now is the time. The Every Student Succeeds Act [ESSA] has recently been enacted, and states are
feeling the pressure to integrate a balanced assessment system as mandated. As this essay has presented, the current system and models of standardized
testing are rife with problems. This proposed solution addresses the core elements of this problem with education in the United States today.
Standardized testing is here to stay. Although there is a strong argument for it to be removed from the system of education, it is a tool used by
politicians to gage school and student performance. The best solution for the future of education is to develop a standardized testing system that work.
Standardized testing is meant to measure student performance and growth. It would be imperative to remove the high stakes accountability component.
I agree accountability is important. However, that should be a completely separate entity. The solution I am proposing to fix standardized testing is a
multi–level criterion referenced digital portfolio which assess multiple measures through low stakes on–demand adaptive tests, and stealth assessments.
This solution is designed from an amalgamation of individual alternatives to standardized testing that have been developed by experts in an article
titled 8 Alternatives to High–Stakes Standardized Tests, by Sarah Briggs. On their own they are okay, but mixed and molded, they are the answer. One
of the

The Importance Of The No Child Left Behind Act
CCSS became active in 2009 to improve the No Child Left Behind Act: A law signed by President George W. Bush in 2001 to provide federal money
to less privileged schools. Money given was for extra educational assistance to improve academic test scores to reach proficiency or above. "The goal
of the law is that all students will score at the "proficient" level in reading and math by 2014" (Fairtest, 2008). It was mandatory to take a standardized
test for the school to report the percentages of proficiency in different subject areas; included in the report was race, income, disability, and gender. If a
school failed to improve, then they are put under the "school improvement" list. Once put on the list, the school may go through these ... Show more
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There has been stress coming from students saying that they did not learn or understand concepts on the test because it was not taught or elaborated
enough in school. There are different views on if the CCSS are effective or not.
Common Core State Standards are playing a role in current school reform and education politics. Even though the CCSS has general achievements to
have every student be on track and prepared for college, each states are on different requirements. "We also found that teachers in different districts
and states were having very different experiences with the Common Core" (Karp, 2013). All 50 states are on not on the same page on what type of
education is best for their students. For example, in Texas it is mandatory to learn about Texas History in middle school, but other states are required to
teach World History during that time. There has been a lot of uncertainty of whether it is truly preparing students for college and career readiness. It
seems as though a lot of students are on different paces and not on track with others around them. "Common Core mathematics standards, concluding
that the Common Core leaves students one or two years behind the National Mathematics Advisory" (Ibid, 2014). Learning about math may not come
easy for some students. The content may be difficult to understand, but teachers are expected to not waste time covering a topic and to move on to
prepare for the standardized test. The fast pace causes students to be

The Pros And Cons Of Standardized Testing
There is a major controversy over standardized achievement testing that has now called for students, parents, educators, and communities–to become
involved. The United States is lacking in education from a worldwide viewpoint. The United States currently ranks 17th among 50 other global
education systems (Gayathri). If America continues to fall behind, then the educational gap between races will continue to expand. Is the solution to
the United States falling behind globally? It's to increase standardized tests.
"Standardized tests play a major role in education today, whether they are achievement tests measuring subject–specific knowledge or aptitude tests
measuring scholastic readiness. The goal of the assessments is to provide a yardstick to evaluate student performance across state standards."
(Concordia University Portland 2017)
"The No Child Left Behind Act and the Common Core State Standards Initiative are prominent examples of test–based accountability policies. The
practice has ignited a debate about their effectiveness and how well this kind of test measures student achievement." (Concordia University Portland
2017)
A standardized test is an examination that's scored and administered in a predetermined manner. (Popham 1999) Present day, standardized test is "...any
objective test, or combination of objective and performance tests, that yields the same score for the same performance, no matter who is doing the
scoring" (Hirsch) Standardized testing consist of

Screening Potential Employees
There are hundreds of tests available to help in the process of screening potential employees. Using selection procedures and test is what helps
employers to promote and hire potential employees. Cognitive tests, medical examinations and other test and procedures aid in the process of hiring
potential employees.. The use of tests and other selection measures can be a very useful way of deciding which applicants or employees are most
competent for a particular job. Employee selection tests are intended to offer employers with an insight into whether or not the potential employee can
handle the stress of the job as well as their capacity to work with others. Employees believed that personality and psychological assessments can help to
predict... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cognitive ability test also measures the ability to solve job–related problems. There are many advantages and disadvantages for using cognitive ability
test it has been used to predict job performance. Employers use cognitive ability test because it can be cost–effective and does not require a trained
administrator reducing business cost. Using the test to predict individuals for hiring promotion or training. The cognitive ability test can also be
administered using pin and paper or computerized methods which helps when testing big

Relax, It Is Only a Test!
Relax, It Is Only A Test! Imagine a world where the future of a particular child all depends on what they receive on a single exam score. Then, imagine
having that score analyzed, compared, and shared with school officials statewide. In reality, this is happening, and in many times, for the wrong
purpose and has largely contributed to falsely claimed assumptions of students due to the inaccuracy of these scores. Standardized testing, the definition
is in the word itself; any test given in the same environment, to the appropriate age group, and based solely on specific standards that were hoped to
be mastered by students. However, what really is gained from these particular exams? Perhaps it is the single digit produced that so ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
"...only twenty–two percent of those surveyed said increased testing had helped the performance of their local schools compared with twenty–eight in
2007" ("Public Skeptical of Standardized Testing."). Furthermore the poll indicated an eleven percent increase, compared to last year, towards the favor
of discontinuing the usage of students' test results for teacher evaluations. William Bushaw, executive director of PDK International and co–director of
PDK/Gallup Poll also stated, "Americans' mistrust of standardized tests and their lack of confidence and understanding around new education
standards is one the most surprising developments we've found in years" ("Public Skeptical of Standardized Testing."). All in all, not only are these
tests a concern for students, who are forced to sit through them, hoping to get a decent enough score to place into a class, receive their diploma, or
even get accepted to the college of their dreams, but they are a concern for parents as well, who only want the best for their children and to see them
succeed. Similarly, many teachers, statewide, feel that these exams that no significant value towards a student's overall intelligence. According to a
survey by both the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and Scholastic, of more than ten–thousand public school teachers, this report has found that
teachers

The Role Of State Standards On The Classroom
The role of state standards is to guides all teachers, all schools, and all publishers to the right content material for each core subject that state deems
important. The purpose of standards tells educators what a student should know and what students should be able to do. 2.Discuss the statement at the
beginning of the chapter about Sheltered Instruction strategies "...these strategies are not 'remedial' in nature and do not dilute' or 'water down'
instruction. What is the importance of this statement for all teachers? What is the importance of this statement for English Language Learners? The
statement at the beginning of the chapter about Sheltered Instruction strategies implies the importance that teacher teach ELL learners the same grade
level academic content of their peers. The modifications a teacher may use to ensure ELL students understanding does not take away from the value of
the standards being met by using academic content. Beyond the teacher's instruction, the ELL student's benefits from instruction that is not remedial,
diluted, or watered down in any way. Research has proven that ELL students learn more vocabulary and become proficient in English faster when
exposed to grade level academic content. 3.What is meant by the term "contextualize," and what is the significance of this for English Language
Learners? The term contextualizes in chapter seven refers to other forms of communication beside oral, such as a group of words or a video.
Contextualize

Assessment of Reading Essay examples
RUNNGHEAD: ASSESSMENT OF READING
Assessment ofReading
Alma J. Bosket
Curriculum, Methods and Assessment: Literacy and Language Arts–EED–470
Professor Katie G. Troub
September 23, 2012
Assessment of Reading
Chart
|Assessments |Characteristics |Compare and |
| | |Contrast |
| | | |
|Developmental Reading ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
|strategies a student uses to meaning of individual words |
| | |and texts. As this is implied and paired with |
| | |comprehension inquiry it can be used to identify the |
| | |instructional reading level for individual students. Not |
| | |to mention, explains how to take a running record and how|
| | |to use what you learn from it to help your students. |
| | | |
|Dynamic Indicators |A set of procedures and measures for |DIBELS are designed to be short (one minute) fluency |
|Of Basic Early Literacy |assessing the acquisition of early literacy |measures used to regularly monitor the development of |
|Skills

Argumentative Essay On Standardized Testing
Standardized testing has been used for decades to measure students' understanding, knowledge, and intelligence on school matters such as mathematics,
science and language arts. Though stressful, standardized tests provide the government with information on educational disparities and allow students
to receive a fair assessment, outside of the direct influence of the teacher. However, over the past few years, standardized testing has gained a reputation
for being ineffective; even James Dyson, a British inventor, called the standardized testing system a "lazy" method of evaluation. Unfortunately, due to
immense pressure from the public and the teachers' union, the BC Ministry of Education has taken steps to abolish the Provincial Exam system in favor
of more "in–class assessments" which they claim will make the learning environment more "flexible." Regrettably, this decision will only reduce
objectivity, comparability, and accountability in the classroom. Thus, the BC Ministry of Education must readopt the Provincial Exam system as a
method of evaluation to reinforce the public's trust in the education system. The use of standardized tests is historical. In fact, they were first used in
China to test hopefuls for government jobs on their knowledge of Confucian philosophy and poetry. Soon, the concept of standardized testing spread as
it proved to be an easy way to test a large number of students quickly, especially during the Industrial Revolution

Essay Standardized Testing
Standardized testing is used practically worldwide for all sorts of various criterion. A
standardized test could be used for getting into a top of the line college, or to see if you meet the
requirements for a job. Such tests include the well known ACTs and SATs. There are many
different ways that standardized tests can be graded. Norm–Referenced, and Criterion–Referenced
forms of grading are just a couple of the types of tests. Tests can also be easily misused and are
often protested.
Often times in order to persue a certain career, before you are employed it is necessary to see how you rate in comparison to the company?s standards.
If you were to, for instance, become a pizza maker for Pizza ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(www.fairtest.org).
Bush wants tests to be used to tell if in fact the student has taken in the standard amount of knowledge they should have while in that grade. Getting
eighty out of one–hundred questions would not be bad neither. That is because often times, questions are thrown in that may not have necessarily been
something the student would have learned during his third grade year but rather his fourth grade year. If the student does answer those questions
correctly the student is advanced and know more than the standard amount of information that was taught to them. Under Bush?s plan, if a large
amount of students are not meeting state standards of what they should be learning, then tax money will be yanked away from that school. In this
case, it is crucial that all teachers do their job in teaching children the standard information required to be known by a specific grade or skill level. If
the standard information is taught thoroughly and correctly then it should be easy for the student to take a standardized test and come out equal to or
ahead of set standards. A Norm–Referenced test compare a person?s score against the scores of a group of people who have already taken the same
exam, called the ?norming group.?

How Education Is The Key Focus On Improving Test Scores
For many years the government has played a role in how education was run. For decades, politics has placed its focus on student test scores, how to
increase those test scores, and standards that must be followed in order to achieve the goals the politicians have set. Early childhood education has
been the key focus on improving test scores. According to the politics, test scores must meet above average levels in order for students to become
college and career ready. Greater emphasize is pushed on math and reading levels to improve before students reach middle grade classes. Politics took
more control and are now pressing for state standardized test to prove student improvements and well as school improvement. The government has ...
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Developed in 2001 but signed by President Bush in 2002, the NCLB was designed to include all children the right to the same education, including
those with disabilities (Educational Technology, 2012). It was designed to provide parents more options and better teaching methods for their children
with disabilities (Educational Technology, 2012). It described how and what students would be learning and assessments given to prove their success.
The NCLB was designed with academic standards categorized by each individual state. By the 2005 school year, all states were to prove their
assessments for language arts and math in grades 3–8 every year, then once during their high school years. By the 2007 school year, science assessments
became mandatory. Although the NCLB were designed to include children with disabilities, they were still expected to partake in the assessments, even
if it meant providing accommodations for them. Some accommodations could include students with disabilities receiving extra time on test, having a
small group management, having test questions read aloud to them or allowing them to take extra breaks during the test (No Child Left Behind Act
(NCLB): An Overview, 2014). Since all schools were to prove a 100 percent annual measurable objective by the end of the 2013 school year, most
states had to apply for a waiver to change their passing rates from 100 percent to a more realistic goal. Schools argued that the goals for all

Test Crt Should Be Used Rather Than Norm Referenced Tests
Criterion–Referenced Tests CRT Should Be Used Rather Than Norm–Referenced Tests NRT The assessment looks at the wide variety of methods that
educators use to evaluate and determined the achievement of the student's educational need. The focus of this essay is to look at the
Criterion–Referenced Tests (CRT) and the Norm–Referenced Tests (NRT) usage to see why the Criterion–Referenced Tests should be used rather than
the Norm–Referenced Tests. Thelearning standards and the curriculum will be discussed to help determine why the CRT should be used rather than
the NRT. Also, we will take a look at the principal use of how the two methods differ by one using survey testing and the other mastery testing. I will
give my informed opinion throughout the essay. The Criterion–Referenced Tests measure the performance against a fix set of predetermined learning
standards. This means that there will be written descriptions of what students are expected to know and are able to do in each learning outcome unit
stage in the course. This method of assessment is done to evaluate what skills the student has learned. The learning standards will measure how well a
student has mastered the specific skill described in the national learning standards (Waugh & Gronlund, 2013). Since the teachers and the schools can
develop their own learning standards, this will help the students to be able to accomplish the learning objective performance outcome expected in my
opinion. The curriculum will

The New York City Department Of Education
The New York City Department of Education (DOE) serves 1.1 million students across schools ("About Us"). During the Bloomberg administration
more than 140 schools were closed with no indication that the "administration's closure policy improved outcomes for students in the city's struggling
schools" ("Standardized Testing Is Counterproductive, Corrosive and Corrupting"). Several studies have detailed the damage and disruption the city's
closure policy had on struggling schools in high–need populations with significant academic challenges (Fruchter). Bloomberg's education policies were
guided by The No Child Left Behind law, which required standardizedtest–based school reform including annual testing, greater flexibility for states
and increased teacher qualifications in order to receive federal funding (Ujifusa). This standardized test–based school reform trend continued under the
Obama administration 's with the Race to the Top program. Race to the Top rewarded states that used exams and data systems to track the performance
of students and teachers, among other initiatives (Cite).
These accountability policies paved the way in 2007, when the Bloomberg administration introduced its School Progress Reports and Achievement
Reporting and Innovation System (ARIS). The school's report card graded schools on a scale of A through F based on three factors: school
environment survey (15%), student academic performance (25%) and student academic progress (60%) ("School Quality

Example Of Computer Assisted Assessment
Computer Assisted assessment (CAA) is a common term for the use of computers in the assessment of student learning. Various other forms exist, such
as Computer–Aided Assessment, computerized assessment, Computer Based assessment (CBA) and computer–based testing. Online Computer Based
Assessment has existed for a long time in the form of Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ's). Computer Based Assessment is commonly directly made
via a computer, whereas Computer Assisted Assessment is used to manage or support the assessment process. Examples are the optical mark reader
used to score MCQs and database programs used to record student marks. Computer Assisted Assessment is typically formative, in that it helps students
to discover whether they have learned what the educator intended and provide timely feedback on how best to teach a subject. Increasingly, it can be
summative, with limited feedback typically being given ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
by testing for pre–knowledge. Assessment techniques are usually either norm referenced or criterion referenced. Norm referenced assesses an
individual's performance in relation to the norms established by a peer group. Criterion referenced occurs when a student is assessed on his or her
ability to meet a required level of skill or competence. Computer Assisted Assessment is usually criterion referenced. Well
–written computer assisted
testing is more likely to be objective testing: testing that can be marked objectively and thus offer high reliability. The benefit is that the tests can be
marked quickly and easily, and adapted to meet a wide range of learning outcomes. Tests have the potentials to incorporate a wide range of media, to
link online assessments to feedback, to incorporate hints into test questions, to assign other learning activities based on the test result, to make
randomized selection can be made from large question banks, to be administrated easily and allowing better test

Considering All the Facts: Mistakes About Standardized Tests
Considering All the Facts: Mistakes About Standardized Tests
There has been a lot of talk about standards for schools. Politicians have made this issue a campaign debate. Now everyone has jumped on the
"bandwagon" and wants accountability of students' education (Shafer, 2002). When there is a problem in the education system, teachers are the first to
be blamed. They are left with the responsibility of proving they are teaching what needs to be taught. States as well as the federal government use
standardized testing to assess learning. They want someone to be held responsible for students' learning. The problem lies when the teacher and student
suffer from the results of standardized testing. "The pressure on educators and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This test is used to "select the best learners, the worst learners, and all the learners in between (Cohen, 1988).
If students score considerably high on the tests some may view them as advanced students. The students may be given more challenging work or
entered into a Magnet Program. Such programs are designed for "gifted" children. On the other hand, if a student's scores are low they may be
required to attend summer school, be placed in remedial programs, or retained. Edward, a fifth–grader from Roanke Rapids, N.C., worried about the
elementary promotion exam he had to take. Eventhough Edward is a B student; he has little confidence in his test–taking abilities. He had nightmares
about books and pencils chasing him. Edward and fellow students are aware of the pressures of high–stakes tests. Edward's teacher knows that if they
fail the exam they will not be able to graduate (Cole, 2001). One might conclude that all the achievements the students have accomplished throughout
the year is irrelevant.
Mark Sappenfield believes that students should know the basic skills before graduating and "right now testing seems to be the best means to that end"
(2001). The California Achievement tests, Comprehensive Tests of Basic Skills, Iowa Tests of Basic Skills, Metropolitan Achievement Tests, and
Stanford Achievement Tests are among a few nationally standardized achievement tests used to "evaluate a school's

Glossary Concept Quiz : Glossary Quiz
Ali DeLine
Ortiz
Edu 201
February 1, 2016
Glossary Concept Quiz
Chapter One:
1.Assessment–context that is defined clearly to learners and shows the assessors what the learners understands.
1.2.Criterion–referenced test– discovering what a learner knows about addition tow digit numbers without regrouping the numbers.
2.Norm–referenced assessment– determination of how much a student knows compared to the other students.
3.Formative assessment–Teachers that collect evidence about what a student still needs to comprehend and adaptions that are made to meet the
student's needs.
4.Summative assessment– uncovering a students knowledge and is able to present that knowledge at a certain period of time.
5.6.Reliability– material that is consistent and is repeated across many administrations.
6.Validity– clear evidence that is related to what is being taught and what is being assessed.
Chapter Two:
1.1–Developmental learning theories– change of development of oneself over a period of time, from birth to adulthood.
2.2–Mastery goal orientation– desire to learn new skill for the sake of learning.
3.3–performance goal orientation–the learners inclination to demonstrate a new skill and compare their results to others.
4.4–Self–efficacy– desired outcome based of one's feeling.
5.5–Social learning theories– the interaction between the learners and the social environment around them.
6.6– Testing– evaluating students skills and knowledge by their performance of a

Criterion-Referenced Competency Test
Using the Criterion–Referenced Competency Test (CRCT) to measure Georgia public schools' Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) put pressure on the
Atlanta Public Schools and fostered Beverly Hall to use dishonorable tactics to meet the goals of President George W. Bush's No Child Left Behind
Act (NCLB), which required states to conduct annual assessments of student academic achievement to determine financial rewards or penalties for
schools and teachers. This act failed to recognize the underlying problems in low–performing public schools, often problems that money could not fix,
and had unintended negative consequences such as the "Atlanta cheating scandal." First of all, federal funding was granted to high performing schools
for meeting the AYP,
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
NCLB was more likely to help schools that already had high quality teaching and resources, making the funding incentive ineffective in equal
distribution and access to high quality education. This created an atmosphere where leaders like Hall had to act unethically to receive funding and
play this "game" that set up low SES schools to lose. What Hall did was not justified by any means nor do I think she manipulated test scores for the
good of the kids, but her behavior is understandable considering the circumstances. Different incentives, such as full tuition scholarships for high
quality teachers in the nation's top graduate programs to teach in low SES schools or directly incentivizing low SES kids to enroll in college for
upward mobility and supporting their families could have been implemented to prevent an "Atlanta cheating scandal." Nevertheless, improving
educational outcome does not occur at the school level but beyond into the societal level. It is important to take these factors into consideration when
implementing future educational

Practices : A Possible Benefit
Interleaved Practices: A Possible Benefit to the Learning Process
Forrest E. Crain
University of Idaho
Abstract This paper provides a brief summary on the studies of interleaving practices and their implementations. In this paper interleaving practices
are compared and contrasted with blocked practices. Blocked practice is when a learner performs a single practice task over and over again in the
learning process, with repetition being the key. Interleaved practice, or varied practice, is when the learner works on random practice tasks varied over
time. The random tasks are interleaved with each other as the learning session unfolds, forcing the learner to be alert and attentive to the changing
nature of the tasks. Earlier research focused on interleaving practices effects on motor skills. This research showed that learning was greater with the
implementation of interleaved practices as opposed to block practices. Current research involving interleaving practices in cognitive function, though
limited, have shown some promising results in increasing the effectiveness of learning. This paper examines some popular studies on interleaving
practices. Though effective in certain contexts, interleaving has not also been consistent in improving the learning process. This may occur because of
inconsistencies in methods and materials, and other confounding factors. Overall, interleaving practices show much promise, and need to be further
studied so they can be

Testing Is A Form Of Testing Used By Our Educational System
Standardized testing is a form of testing used by our educational system to measure the success of a school's students and faculty. A typical student
takes 112 mandated standardized tests between PreKindergarten and twelfth grade. The use of these tests became mandatory in 2002 as part of the No
Child Left Behind Act. Although there are some individuals who support these tests, many parents, students, and teachers experience the negative
effects year after year. Standardized tests impact students emotionally and do not provide accurate results of a child's education level or teacher's
performance. They take away from students learning new things for months prior to the test date as teacher's focus primarily on this one test to satisfy
our government.
Standardized testing has been used for many years, but has not always been mandatory and there was little emphasis put on it. Previously, the test was
used to see where a student was at with their education, but did not dictate the level of their education or their teachers ' performance. During this time,
the school atmosphere was more enjoyable and there was an array of curriculum opportunities. Students were able to discover what they were good at
as well as discover, explore, and play in a relaxed atmosphere and most children loved to attend. Teachers worried about how they could reach children
through their teaching and incorporate important knowledge and skills in hopes to make the students viable active members of

No Child Left Behind Act Essay examples
No Child Left Behind Act
The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, President George W. Bush's education reform bill, was signed into law on Jan. 8, 2002. The No Child Left
Behind Act says that states will develop and apply challenging academic standards in reading and math. It will also set annual progress objectives to
make sure that all groups of students reach proficiency within 12 years. And the act also says that children will be tested annually in grades 3 through
8, in reading and math to measure their progress. The test results will be made public in annual report cards on how schools and states are progressing
toward their objectives.
States will have until the 2005–06 school year to develop and apply their tests. Once the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Democrats and Republicans should challenge the No Child Left Behind Act. Even though the No Child Left Behind Act has good intentions to help
children, there are many hazardous strategies involved. The No Child Left Behind Act may do more harm than good. The strategies in the No Child
Left Behind Act do not contain research evidence to support the law. The No Child Left Behind Act guidelines that were published in December, 2002
by the United States Department of Education, insist that parents of students in poorly performing schools be allowed to transfer them to a different
school, even if it causes overcrowding somewhere else.
The No Child Left Behind Act also has a very narrow focus on curriculum. The act focuses on just math and reading scores. This could have an
undemocratic effect on a large generation of students in poorly performing schools. Schools would have take away much of the broad education in
order to elevate scores on just two subject areas. Students in wealthy schools with good test scores will continue to learn a full range of subjects
including art, social studies and science, while the students who scored poorly on the tests, will be receiving education in only two subject areas. It is
not right to put two subjects as the top priority. This means that not all students will get a complete education. This concern with literacy and math
skills divides

Who Was Really Left Behind? Essay
The No Child Left Behind Act was enacted in order to give young students an equal advantage at advancement into higher education. To level out
educational expectations, standardized tests such as the AIMS began to be administered to certain grade groups collecting their levels of knowledge
on a universal plane of information. Tests on such large amounts of information do of course require a great deal of teaching and information
administration. This raises the question for many, how much time is spent during the school year preparing students for standardized tests and how
much freedom does that leave for a broadened learning experience? The simple answer is not much at all. In fact, these tests weigh down the school
year with repetitive... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was reported that same year that "Twelve jurisdictions (9 OECD jurisdictions and 3 non– OECD jurisdictions) had students at the 90th percentile
with higher scores than the United States on the combined science literacy scale. U.S. students also had lower scores than the OECD average score
for two of the three content area subscales." (Baldi: Executive Summary). This information ranks the United States as being held on the lower end of
the educational scale, an obvious concern for the leaders and citizens of the U.S. I was known as a conservative advocate of many of these policies,
but I've looked at the evidence and I've concluded they're wrong. They've put us on the wrong track. I feel passionately about the improvement of public
education and I don't think any of this is going to improve public education (Inskeep, S n.pag).
Information such as this still sparks several controversies around the country and various approaches to reverse this trend have been presented. One
such approach is the No Child Left Behind Act. NCLB is widely regarded to as "a universal movement towards government–regulated standardization
and high–stakes assessment." (Rubin n.pag). The Act was intended to better the ranks of United States' students through a leveled measurement of
academic understanding, however after more than a decade; it is widely reported as having done more harm than good. One such report states, On its
10–year

Classroom Assessment
Introduction
Classroom assessments does more than assess learning. What is assess, how it is assessed, and how to communicate the results to the student to send
a clear, concise message about what is needed to be learned, the way it is best to be learned, and the expectations on how well the student is to
perform. The proper assessment is critical when assessing a student's abilities and skill set, and then to fairly and objectively grade the student in a
non–biased manner. What this paper is intended to do is describe the assessment and grading that best fits the student that is inhigher education.
Interpretation of assessments
Classroom assessment is among an instructor's most essential educational tool. When the assessment is properly ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The main goal of these tests is to gauge whether the students have demonstrated a mastery level of skills or set of skills. The end result is generally
"pass" or "fail" and has been useful in making resolutions about certifications, licensure and job entry. An example of CRT would be the national board
medical examiners. The test taker has the skill set to practice that set of skills in their profession in order to obtain a license to practice. CRT includes
directly relevant work that are in line with the learning outcomes in which need to be measured. The goal of the CRT is to acquire a depiction of each
student's specific knowledge and skill sets that is needed to be demonstrated. This information is exceptionally useful for the planning for both group
and individual

No Child Left Behind Act Essay
The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, President George W. Bush's education reform bill, was signed into law on Jan. 8, 2002. The No Child Left
Behind Act says that states will develop and apply challenging academic standards in reading and math. It will also set annual progress objectives to
make sure that all groups of students reach proficiency within 12 years. And the act also says that children will be tested annually in grades 3 through
8, in reading and math to measure their progress. The test results will be made public in annual report cards on how schools and states are progressing
toward their objectives.
States will have until the 2005–06 school year to develop and apply their tests. Once the tests are in place, schools ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The No Child Left Behind Act also has a very narrow focus on curriculum. The act focuses on just math and reading scores. This could have an
undemocratic effect on a large generation of students in poorly performing schools. Schools would have take away much of the broad education in order
to elevate scores on just two subject areas. Students in wealthy schools with good test scores will continue to learn a full range of subjects including
art, social studies and science, while the students who scored poorly on the tests, will be receiving education in only two subject areas. It is not right
to put two subjects as the top priority. This means that not all students will get a complete education. This concern with literacy and math skills
divides education into two groups. One group is forced to learn basic skills and the other group gets the more complete education. The goal of raising
the performance level of all students is an honorable idea, but the change in performance should be in all subject areas not just math and reading.
The No Child Left Behind Act's main provisions ignore the fact that poorly performing students will somehow become good readers by moving to a
school with good scores. The chance that the previously successful school

Is It A Standardized Test?
Who gets to decide what it means to be well educated?
Does the phrase well educated refer to the quality of schooling you received or to something about you? Who gets to decide what it means? Is it a
standardized test? Is it our test scores or memorization of facts? How much or how well we can remember at a given point in time? How much
knowledge we ought to have? What could it possibly be? I think this society has given "Well Educated" a poor definition. Sitting in a class for a long
time does not make us educated. Test scores does not make us educated neither does reading faster than others or solving mathematical calculations.
Not everyone has to same knowledge of a certain thing, so why judge us on the same criteria. Does it denote what we were taught? If the term refers
to what we know or what we can do then we could be poorly educated despite receiving a top–notch education, and if it is, then the numerous people
constantly going to get an education in big name schools are unintelligent. In addition, if it refers to the quality of schooling, then many well–educated
people sat through lesson that was too irrelevant for them to remember a few years later.
Why do we go to school? The first eighteen years of life, going to school is not always by choice but compulsory. We are told that if we want to
make our lives better we have to go to school. We go to school because the law tells us to; it indirectly states that to be more than average and earn a
good paycheck, we have

The Negative Implications Of Standardized Testing In Schools
Imagine if the medical profession worked like the education profession. Doctors are responsible for curing a patients ills, just like teachers are
responsible for raising student performance. For doctors, there are many factors involved in treating the ill such as diagnosis, insurance, family history,
medicine, treatment plan, and tests. For educators, there are also many factors involved in increasing student performance, such as identifying learning
deficiencies, financial resources, student's culture and socioeconomic background, curriculum, student effort, and standardized testing. Now imagine
that doctors are held accountable for curing the patient although many of the factors are out of their control. If the tests don't show that the patient is
recovering it is entirely the doctors fault and they may lose their job or have sanctions placed against them. This is exactly how it is for teachers.
Regardless of the factors that are out of the teacher's control, if students don't perform well on standardized tests, teachers are held accountable.
Standardized tests are intended to measure student achievement, but they have been broadened to weigh teacher performance. One of the aspects that
influences the trouble with standardized testing is how this high stakes teacher evaluation system creates unfair accountability pressure on educators.
The high stakes aspect to standardized testing dates back several decades, but it became the nationwide treatment of education reform

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