Comparing The Medical Model And People With Disabilities

Comparing The Medical Model And People With Disabilities
In regards to the medical model and people with disabilities, "its proponents view disability from a
disease model, focusing on treating the diseased or damaged organ with the hope of curing it. When
that is not possible, a chronic illness or disability is of course still treated by the medical profession,
but arguably not with the same vigilance, enthusiasm, insurance funding, or accommodation"
(Marini, 2012, pg. 100). Doctors and those related in the medical model (e.g. nurses and therapist)
focus on treating and healing a disease or disability, and when this is not possible, the service and
effort decline. Some of these providers see it as no point or waste of time to schedule periodic visits
since there is nothing that they can do to heal
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Evaluate Two Models of Disability in Terms of Explaining...
Evaluate two models of disability in terms of explaining the concept of disability.
Medical model;––
Weaknesses;––
There are many weaknesses of the medical model. One of the weaknesses that I am going to talk
about is that in some cases people see the medical model as an insult due to the fact that the model
tries to 'fix' people with a disability instead of making adjustments and adaptions to environments,
activities etc... for them. Due to the fact that the medical model is trying to 'fix' tem, may seem to
people that the ones with the disability cannot have a normal, healthy life like other people do who
do not suffer with a disability. People may also feel like the medical model is saying that is the
individual's fault that they have a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Due to the fact that scientists are trying to do this, means that in the future they may be able to find a
cure to help with people who are believed to have a disability or those who could end up with a
disability when born or as they develop.
This could help many people in a variety of different ways such as getting an education, getting a
job, socialising /making friends and many more points which their disability may affect.
Scientists may develop a medicine or cure which could change some people's lives who suffer with a
disability; which could make them feel fantastic overall, more confident in themselves and raise
their self–esteem.
The third strength of the medical model is that it can help to raise money for charities.
By money being raised for charities it means that children may also be helped alongside, as the
charities may help by buying resources for disabled children within different environments to help
them learn, or by donating money to environments in order for them to get it adapted to suit many
children with difficulties /disabilities.
Social model;––
Weaknesses;––
One of the weaknesses of the social model is that it believes that environments should be adapted
around the child; which means that if there are extra areas where the child may need extra support
in, for example; having a councillor... they will need to receive this extra support they need.
If the child is not being given the extra support

Explain The Medical Model Of Disability In Nursing
Medical Model of Disability in Nursing Practice
According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) disability is defined as, the loss of anatomical
functions, resulting in experiencing difficulties when carrying out everyday activities of daily living
and encountering problems when trying to participate in activities: disability can also be as a result
of the individual impairment or disability that restrict them from fully interacting with society
(WHO, 2001).
Equality Act (2010) defines disability as 'having a physical or mental impairment that has a
'substantial' and 'long–term' negative effect on your ability to do normal daily activities'. Under the
Equality Act 2010, Mr Blogs is classed as having a disability as a result of his diagnosis and
impairment, as it will have a long term effect on his day to day activities.
According to Moore (2002) in the medical model of disability, disability is seen as a clinical
concern, where the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Because the medical model of disability emphasis on a clinical diagnosis, it could be said that it will
only allow a partial and limited view of the meaning of disability to the medical profession.
Therefore disability is seen as a particular set of physical or intellectual dysfunctions and solely a
medical problem, therefore, treatment and quality of life, is decided upon by the medical team for
the person with the disability (Brisenden, 1986).
It is therefore debatable, that this could then lead to a contradiction in the ethics, professional
practice and standards of the adult nurse in treating everyone as individual, providing person
centered care, promoting independence and right to control and choice of care and

Compare And Contrast The Social And Social Model Of...
It would appear that there are "Starkly contrasting approaches to disability" (Thomas, 2004, p. 569)
over the years which have changed dramatically. There are several models of disability which have
been well–defined over the last thirty years. The most often mentioned are the 'social' and 'medical'
models of disability. These two models in particular are usually the first starting point of discussion
around the topic of disability. In addition to these two models are many others, for instance, the
tragedy and/or charity model, the moral model of disability, the empowering model of disability, the
spectrum model of disability (Disabled World, 2015).
As a society how we relate to people with disabilities is influenced by our past experiences ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The social model began with an essay written by Paul Hunt in 1966. Hunt contended that people
with disabilities were seen as "unfortunate, useless, different, oppressed and sick" (DAA, 2003).
Consequently, the social model arose in reaction to the criticism of the medical model of disability.
South African disabled activist and writer Vic Finkelstein, broke his neck when pole vaulting at a
sports ground when he was 16. He was closely associated with the establishment of the social model
of disability but it was British author and activist Mike Oliver who disabled at seventeen when he
broke his neck diving into a swimming pool whilst on holiday, who took up the ideas of UPIAS
(Union of the Physically Impaired Against Segregation) and captured the concept of 'the social
model' (Finkelstein, 2001). It has spawned a plethora of theoretical writing, largely written by
academics and activists with disabilities and is the total opposite to the medical model. It is worth
noting, that both of these models of disability are created by society so that one can acquire a better
understanding of these complex

Compare And Contrast The Social And Medical Model Of...
The social and medical model of disability
Medical Social
Doesn't focus on holistic development Environmentally friendly and accessible
Children may not appreciate diversity Respects individuals
Feel isolated Includes and values everyone
Feel ashamed of who they are Values individuality
Disruption affects education Tasks will be differentiated
Dependent Happier
Low self esteem/confidence Challenged
Low sense of self ethnicity and image Stimulated
Unmotivated Tasks will be challenging
Difficulty forming relationships Children will be more motivated
Not being challenged More independent
Needs not being met Less reliant on others
Setting low expectations Make own choices
Could affect mental health Take responsibility
Feel like a burden Training for parents and professionals
The social model of disability says that disability is caused by the way society acts and is organised,
rather than by a person's impairment or difference. They believe society should change to meet the
needs of the child/young person. It looks at ways of removing barriers that restrict life choices for
disabled people. When barriers are removed, disabled people can be independent and equal in
society, with choice and control over their own lives. An impairment is defined as ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is especially important when working with children who have disabilities because it can help
them develop a positive attitude and will give them a great deal of self–worth, this will help them
have high expectations of themselves and what they can achieve during their life. Having a positive
attitude will likely increase children and young people's sense of self–esteem, self confidence,
independence and life purpose. It will also help them them to deal with people who have negative
attitudes towards them, developing a resilience will help them to counteract stereotyping,
discrimination

The Perspective Of Phenomenology Complicate The...
1.) How does the perspective of phenomenology complicate the distinction between impairment and
disability?
The perspective of phenomenology complicates the distinction between impairment and disability.
Impairment being the physiological loss of physical, sensory, or cognitive functions and disability is
the inability to perform a personal or socially necessary task because of that impairment or the
societal reaction to it. Thus impairment and disability are not meeting in the body "as a dualistic
clash of inner and out phenomena but rather as impinging upon each other as a fully integrated
embodied whole.
2.) What is "situated knowledge" and how does it relate to embodiment?
Situated knowledge is the perspective that all knowledge is

Models of Disability
Models of Disability
Disability is a human reality that has been perceived differently by diverse cultures and historical
periods. For most of the 20th century, disability was defined according to a medical model. In the
medical model, disability is assumed to be a way to characterize a particular set of largely static,
functional limitations. This led to stereotyping and defining people by condition or limitations.
World Health Organization (WHO) – New definition of Disability
In 2001, the World Health Organization (WHO) established a new definition of disability, declaring
it an umbrella term with several components: * impairments: a problem in body function or structure
* activity limitations: a difficulty encountered by a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Medical Model
Under the Medical Model, disabled people are defined by their illness or medical condition. The
Medical Model regards disability as an individual problem. It promotes the view of a disabled
person as dependent and needing to be cured or cared for, and justifies the way in which disabled
people have been systematically excluded from society. The disabled person is the problem, not
society. Control resides firmly with professionals; choices for the individual are limited to the
options provided and approved by the 'helping' expert.
The Medical Model is best summarised by referring to the International Classification of
Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps developed by the World Health Organisation in 1980. The
classification makes the following distinctions:
Impairment is 'any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or
function'.
Disability is 'any restriction or lack (resulting from an impairment) of ability to perform an activity
in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being'.
Diagram of Medical Model
The Medical Model focuses on what a person can't do: Impairment | Disability | A wheelchair user |
cannot climb the stairs or walk to the shops | A partially sighted person | cannot read

The Pros And Cons Of The Medical Model
Imagine if you had some kind of disability and the medical model disappeared would you be at a
disadvantage or an advantage? People with disabilities relying on prosthetics or accessibility
technologies would not be at a disadvantage if the medical model disappeared because the medical
model does not concern itself with those individuals who have disabilities.
The medical model comes from the idea that people with disabilities need fixing. This model
approach is based on the belief that difficulties associated with being disabled are the responsibility
of that individual with the disability. For example, a disabled person should find their own way to fit
in society without the assistance of accessibility from others. "The medical model ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The medical model is a problem based model that does not benefit anyone but itself. "Impairment
and disability are something to be cured and treated, changed and altered. Hence the familiar,
stigmatizing terms that mark the relationship to medical cure, such as "cripple," "handicapped",
"physically challenged," "retarded", as well as stereotype of the heroic individual who cheerfully
and doggedly overcome obstacles despite medicine's failures to cure" (Ott 2002). The medical
model ignores the environment the individuals are living in. We do not get to choose when and
where were going to be born. If someone had an accident, this would be considered a tragedy but if
someone was born with an impairment it would be considered a disability.
In conclusion, the medical model does not concern itself with those individuals who have
disabilities. Under the medical model, the perception of any individuals are excused from the
normality of society. They are also expected to come under authority of medical possession in order
to get better. Disability is caused by the society we live under and if we continue to look at
individuals with disabilities in this manner, we would risk losing our humanity and looking at
limitations as an unlucky

The Medical Model Of Disability
The medical model of disability has done a great disservice to people with disabilities in American
society. It has helped shape and continues to perpetuate a belief system that people with disabilities
are weak, dependent, and incapable of performing like "normal" people. This paper examines how
the medical model influences society's perceptions of disability through the use of language and the
media which cause people with disabilities to be marginalized and experience inequalities. Under
the medical model, disability is defined as any restriction or lack of ability, resulting from an
impairment, to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human
being (World Health Organization, 1980). The medical model views disability as the problem of the
person that is caused by disease, trauma, or other health conditions which requires treatment by
professionals who manage the disability by trying to find a cure or to make the disabled person more
"normal". This typically doesn't work because many disabled people are not necessarily sick or they
cannot be improved by remedial medical treatment. The only solution left under this model is to
work towards an effective cure by accepting the disability and providing the necessary care needed
for the disabled individual to make adjustments to be as "normal" as they can be. Under the medical
model, society is not seen as having any responsibility to accommodate people with disabilities. It is
the

How Disability Has Changed Over Time Essay
Despite the response to disability varying greatly between times, places and cultures (Barnes, 2012),
there is no doubt that disability has an immeasurable impact on people's lives. Disability affects an
individual's identity and their ability to work, socialise and be involved in society. In this essay I will
discuss how approaches to disability have changed over time, specifically how approaches to
disability have developed in recent centuries. I will start by discussing the medical model before
moving on to its direct challenge in the social model. Finally I will discuss responses to the social
model, in particular the biopsychosocial model.
The dominant model of disability for the majority of the 20th century was the medical model. The
medical model's emphasis is on impairment; this is the cause of the disadvantage disabled
individuals face and therefore the site of interventions (Crow, 1996). It is based in the biomedical
and clinical. It views disability as a personal tragedy, an idea which is often implicit in work around
disability based on the medical model. (Oliver, 1990).
This is exemplified in the World Health Organisation definition of impairment, disability and
handicap. Impairment is a physiological, psychological or anatomical abnormality, while disability
is the abnormality in terms of activity and handicap is the inability to fill a normal role due to the
impairment. (reference required–1) Notice the emphasis on normality and the specified cause of the

ILM Basic Criticisms Of The Rehab Medical Model
Discuss the evolution of the Independent Living movement and describe how it has distinguished
itself from the rehab medical model. Do you agree with the ILM basic criticisms of the rehab
medical model indicate why you do or don't?
"A significant social movement becomes possible when there is a revision in the manner in which a
substantial group of people, looking at some misfortune, see it no longer as a misfortune warranting
charitable consideration but as an injustice which is intolerable in society. " Ralph H Turner's
renowned summation of the ability to change the dominant power in society through a social
movement in The Theme of Contemporary Social Movements, is perfectly illustrated in the societal
shift from the discriminations of the Medical Model of rehabilitation, to acceptance of the
Independent Living Movement.
Initially, the dominant view of disability in society, prior to the 1970s , was through the lens of the
Medical Model, which fosters a disease and individualistic focus, viewing disabilities as diseases
which require a cure . In the medical model, the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The ILM is seen as the first consumer–based movement which was specifically created by people
with a disability, for people with a disability, thus being considered a genuine self–help movement.
The ILM rejects the notion of the medical model that disability is a disease characterised by loss,
inadequacy and disadvantage– aiming to highlight and fight against the past treatment of those with
a disability who have been denied human and social rights. The ILM also advocates for
representation of people with a disability in management roles of services that directly affect
services for those with a

The Disocial Model Of Disability
1.1 – Outline the history and development of the medical, social and psychosocial models of
disability
The medical model of disability – With the Age of Enlightenment in the 18th century there came a
more scientific understanding of the causes of disability and with it a sense of confidence in
medical science's ability to cure, or rehabilitate disabled people. Some disabled people were deemed
incurable and placed in long–stay institutions and special schools. A notion of 'normality' was based
on assessments of 'disability' against 'normality' (what a person can't do, instead of what a person
can do.) This does not take away the very necessary role of medical science in keeping many
disabled people alive/reducing pain and discomfort. The medical model sees disabled people as the
problem. They need to be adapted to fit into the world as it is. If this isn't possible, then they should
have only their basic needs met. The emphasis is on dependence. The disability is focused on, rather
than the needs of the person. The power to change disabled people appeared to lie with–in the
medical profession, with talk of cures, normalisation and science. Often, disabled people's lives are
handed over to these professionals. Their decisions affect where disabled people go to school/what
support they get/where they live/if they can work. The Disability Movement points out how the built
environment/society imposes limitations on disabled people. Medical model thinking would say

Equality, Diversity and Inclusion in Work with Children
Unit 204 Outcome 3 What is meant by Inclusive and Inclusion Practice? Inclusive practice is
identifying and understanding any barriers that are stopping children from completing the activity.
We have to make sure that whatever the child's background they are able to fully join in with
everything within the school. This will make the children feel valued and have a sense of belonging.
Inclusion does not mean that we view each other the same or provide the same work, it is about
making sure we are making adaptions to the activity instead of making a child do a completely
different activity and make sure we are providing the same opportunities. We need to take on board
and accept that the child is different. Medical model of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sean noticed one of the children, Jamie, sitting at the side just watching and asked where his model
was. Kira's reply was that because of his disability (cerebral palsy), Jamie had difficulty in using the
tools and materials. She said that she asks him to read a book during the art and craft lesson. Suggest
how Jamie might feel – Jamie would feel left out, upset and wandering why he is being left out. He
might feel embarrassed or

The Medical Model And Social Model Of Disability
Disability is a condition such as an illness or injury that limits a person's physical and mental
abilities to perform daily life activities.
What Are Models Of Disability?
Models of disability are terms used for defining impairment and eventually provide a base upon
which government and society can devise strategies for meeting needs of disable persons. Disabled
persons are often with scepticism does not replicate the real world and often inadequate and
encourage limited thinking and often detailed guidance for actions. However, there are frame works
in which knowledge and understanding can be gain of disability issues by applying the models of
disability which are medical model of disability and social model of disability.
What Is Medical Model Of Disability? "The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The medical model views disability as something that must at any time possible be cured. If there is
no possibility a feeling of failure will result, unless the person physical features are deemed as
normal. Therefore medical model of disability treats people with impairment as victims and patients;
medical model of disability have a tendency to emphasise more on the disorders rather than on the
person, resulting in the labelling of people according to their impairments, example 'the one who's
wheelchair bound 'rather than 'James who uses a wheelchair' (Beith,2005)
Medical Model vs. Social Model of Disability
The social model of disability sees disabilities as a problem created by the society due to the lack of
options to fully integrate these individuals into society. The differences between this and the medical
model have been outlined below.
Medical model views disability as a deficiency or abnormality while the social model views
disability as a difference.
Another comparison is that according to the medical model being disabled is considered to be
negative while the social model views it as

Medical Model Of Learning Disability Essay
In this essay I am going to be explaining the term learning disability, identifying causes of those
learning disabilities and comparing and contrasting the medical and social models of disabilities.
A learning disability affects the way a person learns new things, how they understand information
and how they communicate. This means they may have difficulty; being independent, learning new
skills and understanding information. "It is thought that up to 350,000 people have severe learning
disabilities. This figure is increasing."
(http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/Childrenwithalearningdisability/Pages/Whatislearningdisability.aspx10).
According to the Department of Health a learning disability is defined as a "significant reduced
ability to understand ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An IMCA provides advocacy in the event that there is no–one who can be appropriately consulted
when making a decision about a person deemed to not have mental capacity. An IMCA is not the
decision–maker, but the decision–maker has a duty to take into account the information given by the
IMCA.
There are many different types of advocacy, including; self–advocacy, group advocacy, peer
advocacy and professional advocacy. Self–advocacy is when an individual is able to effectively
communicate their own interest, needs and rights. Group advocacy involves people with shared
experiences or values coming together in groups to talk and listen to one another and to speak up
about issues that may be important to them. Peer advocacy is one–to–one support which is provided
by advocates with similar disability or experience to a person using services. Professional advocacy
is paid independent advocates support and enable people to speak up and represent their views, this
is usually during times of major change in their

Social Medical Model Disability
The social and medical model of disability
There are a number of 'models' of disability which have been defined over the last few years. The
two most frequently mentioned are the 'social' and the 'medical' models of disability.
The medical model of disability views disability as a 'problem' that belongs to the disabled
individual. It is not seen as an issue to concern anyone other than the individual affected. For
example, if a wheelchair using student is unable to get into a building because of some steps, the
medical model would suggest that this is because of the wheelchair, rather than the steps.
The social model of disability, in contrast, would see the steps as the disabling barrier. This model
draws on the idea that it is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This model draws on the idea that it is society that disables people, through designing everything to
meet the needs of the majority of people who are not disabled. There is a recognition within the
social model that there is a great deal that society can do to reduce, and ultimately remove, some of
these disabling barriers, and that this task is the responsibility of society, rather than the disabled
person.
Some examples of a medical model approach might be:
a course leader

How Is Me Before You Related To The Medical Model Of...
The movie Me Before You views disability as a medical problem that has no cure whatsoever, it
features a heroic suicide character who would rather die and not live with his disability. In short, the
plot goes this way, a pretty girl (Lou Clark) got hired to take care of a rich man (Will Traynor), who
is a person with quadriplegia, for six months. During that period, Lou would try to make Will happy
and, if possible, remove the idea of going to Dignitas (accompanied suicide facility in Switzerland)
from his mind. The movie is based on a novel with the same name. Both the movie and the novel got
positive reviews from the able–bodied community; however, the disability community whom the
movie should attract does not agree with that. "Ableist, Stereotypical, and Offensive" is how a
person with quadriplegia in YouTube describes this movie/novel. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
After a motorcycle accident, he was no longer able to perform the life activities that he once was
doing– he was a sport enthusiast. The movie seems to represent the medical model of disability. It
cannot be linked to the moral model because there was no reference of disability as being an outer
reflection of his moral state. In addition, Will does not seems to have any issue with the way society
is treating him as a person with quadriplegia. Even though there were a few instances when we see
others feeling sorry for him –when he went to Lou's house for example, it does not bother him as
much as his own impairment. Consequently, the social construction model of disability is not a
suitable candidate for this movie as

Disability Medical Model And Social Model
There are two models of disability medical model and social model. The medical model of disability
is when a person looks at the disabled person as just being disabled and there is nothing to be done
to help to make their life easier, they see that this can only be helped by medical and other
treatments. The social model of disability believes there is ways around, by removing barriers
disabled people can be equal in society, and have control over their own lives. Situations such as, a
wheelchair wanting to get into a shop with two steps, the medical model would just say the person
cannot access the shop, where as the social model would have a ramp to allow the person in the
wheelchair to access the shop. Another example is, a college student

Disability means something entirely different depending on the people you ask. Ask a person who
does not have a disability and they may give you a view that is based on the medical model of
disability. Ask a person that is disabled and they may give you a view that is based on the social
model of disability. While both views of what disability means have their merits, not one
interpretation is universally accepted. I believe the truth lies somewhere in the middle. At the
intersection of the medical and social models of disability, this, is where the true definition of
disability lies. Neither wholly medical nor completely social the term disability and, all of its
complexities, can be defined.
According to the medical model, disability is viewed as a problem that can and should be fixed to
become normal it is (Longmere, 2009) "This medical model approach is based on a belief that the
difficulties associated with the disability should be borne wholly by the disabled person, and that the
disabled person should make extra effort to ensure that they do not inconvenience anyone else."
(The University of Leicester, n.d.) The medical model of disability is seen in the way we service
individuals who are disabled. It is ingrained in our social services and our social policies. For
example, a person can be considered disabled if they have been diagnosed with depression. After
this diagnosis is made the person can receive disability benefits. (Gaffke, n.d.) As a member of
society, I

Compare The Social And Medical Model Of Disability
The role of a social care worker is very important in society. If society had not got any social care
workers, people with intellectual disabilities, physical disabilities, mental disabilities, addiction
problems and all other areas connected with what is named above, society would be out of control
and there would be a higher rate of suicide and deaths per year in the country. Social care workers
try and provide the best possible lifestyle for the service user depending on what their needs are.
Social care practitioners aim to provide support, protection, guidance and advocacy on behalf of the
service users, (Share, 2009). This helps people through their mental health problems and they
provide a high standard of care for the elderly too so ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If a social care worker is not being professional in their work place they will be made unemployed.
With this in mind I will assess the main key skills that are needed to be a successful social care
worker and the skills that are needed to work effectively with service users. Along with key skills,
they also need to have certain competencies which will enhance their work with service users.
From my knowledge of the Social and Medical models of disability which I critically assessed in
semester one, I have come to the conclusion that the social model of disability is much more person–
centred friendly than the medical model, "By personcentred care I refer specifically to becoming
familiar with the patient's personal situation in its crucial re–lationship to the source of illness.",
(Barbour, 1995). As a social care practitioner we must be aware of these models to enable us to be a
better social care practitioner. Implementing the social model in your work place will not only make
you a better social care worker but it will also give you a level of understanding of the service users
and there quality of life will be drastically improved as it is a more rights based approach. The social
model sees the

Functional Limitations/Medical Rehabilitation Model To Fix...
The functional limitations/medical rehabilitation model is one of the older models with a focus on
rehabilitation. The main concept of the model is to fix people with disabilities because they are
considered "broken" compared to the nondisabled person. This model emphasizes adapting the
person with disabilities to function within the environment by improving their functional
capabilities. To improve functional capabilities, the disabled person generally required much
physical, vocational, and emotional adjustment throughout the process. The plan utilized in this
model includes restoring the person to as much of their prior level of function as possible and
assisting the person in becoming acclimated to their environment. This approach

Compare And Contrast The Medical And Social Model Of...
The Medical and Social Model of disability
Introduction
"The medical model is presented as viewing disability as a problem of the person, directly caused by
disease, trauma, or other health condition which therefore requires sustained medical care provided
in the form of individual treatment by professionals. In the medical model, management of the
disability is aimed at a "cure," or the individual's adjustment and behavioral change that would lead
to an "almost–cure" or effective cure." (Langtree, 2012)
In contrast to this, I have found while researching these models of disabilities that the social model
is very different. It focuses more on the persons rights as a human and emotions than just medicine.
"The social model of disability sees the issue of "disability" as a socially created problem and a
matter of the full integration of individuals into society. In this model, disability is not the problem
of the individual, but rather a complex collection of conditions, many of which are created by the
social environment. Hence, the management of the problem requires social action and is the
collective responsibility of society at large to make the environmental modifications necessary for
the full ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In many cases it is very lazy of doctors to give medication before trying to find the root of a
problem, treating patients more like animals than human beings with emotions and rights. Although
saying this I do believe that in some cases the medical model is definitely needed. Medication has
been seen to help conditions such as GPI and Alzheimer's disease and Schizophrenia (McLeod,
2008). I have seen this to be true in a relative of mine who suffers from schizophrenia disease. I also
believe that by medicine and mental illness being combined it has helped to show the importance of
mental health to those who may have considered mental illness to not be 'real' before the use of
medication was

Compare And Contrast The Medical Model Of Disability
When I was in my secondary school, I had a classmate who were physical disabled. Every time
when our class were organizing a trip, such as mountain hiking or go for bowling, we did not invite
her because we knew that she could not complete these tasks. That was the reason why she had
always being alone and ignored by the others. When we had a group project, we would also try to
assign the least workload to her. It was because we felt that as a able–bodied people, we should pity
the disabled ones. When we were having sport competitions, such as volleyball competition, she was
unable to join us too. I wondered: "What if this is a competition that requires athletes to sit on a
wheelchair to play? In this way, she will be able to join us." These thoughts trigger my curiosity
towards the topic of disabled people. Once I had a conversation about future job career with her, she
seemed like very pessimistic about ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Best (2005) defined that:
1. The medical model of disability:
'The main approach to understanding disability arises from the medical model – disabilities occur
because of the physical impairments which have resulted from the underlying disease or disorder.'
(Johnston 1996a: 205)
The medical model emphasis that disability is a personal tragedy which caused by the physical
impairments of individuals. Best (2005) stated that under this model, disabled people are perceived
to have an inferior–stigmatized status due to the loss of functions caused by their impairments. Non–
disabled people should show empathy to them and tolerate with their frustration. For example, if a
disabled people and a normal people make a same mistake, we will punish the normal one but
forgive the disabled one. Medical model believes that the way to narrow down the division is by
curing their impairments.
2. The social model:
'... discussions of disabled people's experiences, narratives and stories

Celebratory Model And Social Model Of Disability
There are numerous models of disabilities that provides an understanding of disability
Medical model
Social model
Holistic model
Celebratory model
Affirmative model
This section will focus on the social model and medical model. it has been reported that until the
introduction of the social model of disability, the United States (US) policy focused on a medical
approach. The similarities between these approaches is that they provide information on disability.
The social model of disability
Attitudes towards people with disability affects the way society thinks and behave towards them, it
also affects the way they are treated. Not everyone who is diagnoses with autism Is considered as
'disabled'. The idea that autism is not a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The medical model believe that a person's impairment is the problem, thus the identification of
ethology is important as well as the treatment. in contrast to the social model, the medical model
believes that it is a person's impairment that cause them to be disadvantage in society.
The medical model states that a person with autism may find it difficult to understand social
interactions, may lack empathy and be socially withdrawn. However, this model is criticised for its
focus on what people with a disability can't do as opposed to what they can do with the right
support.
This approach provides a label for people with disability, these labels may be helpful to medical
professionals but can cause social stigma. Historically, the term autism has been stigmatized as an
abnormal medical condition that is regarded as a deficit that needs to be 'fixed'.
The effect of the medical model creates a sense of hopelessness and poor outcomes for the
individual who has a label. This approach does not give the individual control over their life
decisions (Timimi,

A Comparison Of The Medical And Social Models Of Disability
Disability can be seen in two perspectives. One is the medical/individual view and the other is the
social model. The medical model explains the concept that the greatest perception of our society is
that an individual has a disability. It is based upon the idea that an individual is restricted to perform
in the society just because of a flaw in his brain or the body. As far as the social model is concerned,
it describes that disability is nothing but a socially constructed phenomenon. The model of disability
is completely opposite with the medical model of disability.
There is a difference in the word "person with a disability" and "having disability" The former refers
to the medical model while the latter indicates the social model of disability.

Compare And Contrast The Medical And Social Models Of...
Introduction
In this report, the Medical and Social Models of disability are explained, the relevance of both and
their importance in society. My own personal views on both are contained throughout and within the
conclusion, based on research, referenced and listed in the bibliography.
Disability and Health
Disabled people are those whose impairments, physical or mental, restrict them, affecting their daily
lives, ability to cope and employment prospects. (Madden, D, 1999).
According to Central Statistics Office, 2011, the total person's with a disability is 595,335, showing
an increase of 51.2% since the last census in 2006. (CSO, 2014).
Types of Disability
Sensorial (visual, deafness)
Speech impairment
Physical/Mental
Intellectual ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is a classification of health and health–rated domains.
As the functioning and disability of an individual occurs in a context, ICF also includes a list of
environmental factors. It also measures health and disability at both individual and population levels
(WHO, 2016).
The Biopsychosocial Model
Developed at Rochester by Drs. George Engel and John Romano. This approach systematically
examines biological, psychological and social factors and their interactions in understanding health,
illness and healthcare delivery (University of Rochester Medical Centre, 2016).
It examines how and why disorders occur.
The WHO organisation state that "health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well–
being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity".(WHO, 2016)
Through this general acceptance this model allows doctors of the future to have a holistic and
humanistic approach towards their patients.

Model Of Disability
This essay will explore three theoretical essays that explore different approaches to the field of
disability studies. These approaches are; the social model of disability (discussed here by Tom
Shakespeare), the medical model of disability (discussed here by Justin Anthony Haegele and
Samuel Hodge) and finally, feminist disability theory (as discussed by Rosemarie Garland–
Thomson). I will explore the arguments of each text, how they relate to one another and how they
relate to my thesis as a whole.
There are different approaches to looking at disability and disability studies, one of the most widely
known in academia is the social model, which is what Tom Shakespeare's essay explores. He first
speaks of the history of the social model, which ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, the idea of inclusion is something that runs through each of these essays and indeed,
throughout the field of disability studies. The medical model that Haegele and Hodge explored
facilitates social exclusion through the language it uses to define disability as something that needs
to be fixed or something that is biologically wrong. The social model from Shakespeare's essay
fights for inclusion for those with disabilities as well as the distinction between person and
disability, and disability and impairment. Garland–Thomson looks more at including disability into
academia as well as in society. As mentioned above, she states that she wants to make disability
studies a universal discourse just as feminism and sexuality are. Another area that often is mentioned
with the field is the power of language. Words are incredibly powerful especially in defining
society's views and values. For example, the word 'disability' holds an enormous amount of weight
to it and most of the connotations are negative. People fear the word 'disability'. Alongside it, there
are words like 'cripple', 'freak', 'spaz', 'lunatic' and so on. A lot of these words were used in the
medical profession and were then circulated around the rest of society. The social model tries to
eradicate

What Is The Social Model Of Disability
The importance of positive attitudes towards disability is that everyone should be treated as equals
depending on their level of understanding and level of their individual needs. It is important that all
are included in the setting so that all children are included in activities and that they are valued as
individuals. Positive approaches and encouragement enables the children to grow and develop in a
positive and comfortable setting. It is important when choosing activities that it enables all to be
included and joining in i.e. the setting might have a food tasting day but a child in the setting could
have diabetes and might not be able to eat the food this causes them to miss out on certain activities.
To ensure any children with diabetes are not excluded it is important to choose food that everyone
can eat and in doing so, gain knowledge and understanding of diabetes, foods to avoid, health risks
relating to diabetes and the importance of gaining knowledge, information and awareness of
diabetes. Some children have other needs i.e some children might have mental impairments or
physical disabilities. They would need Aids and equipment depending on ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Disabled people developed the social model of disability because the traditional medical model did
not explain their personal experience of disability or help to develop more inclusive ways of living"
(Scope). The social model of disability challenges them to look at disability differently and be
treated differently. It is important to say that people must make sure that lifts, ramps and signs are
put in place to help people with impairments. "Barriers are not just physical. Attitudes found in
society based on prejudice or stereotype, or disablism, also disable people from having equal
opportunities to be part of society" (Scope). The social model of disability helps people with
impairments to become prouder of who they

Analysis Of Models Of The Disability Movement
The disability movement enhanced the debate around the models of disability due to the need for
strategies to determine how best to meet the needs of persons with disabilities. According to
Tappenden and Chilcott (2014), the purpose of models is to represent reality and support decision
making processes. Rehabilitation professionals often use models of disability to guide their way of
practice (Smart, 2009). Models reflect the views of those that developed them and are do not include
everything. Also, there is not one model that encompasses every aspect of disability due to its
complex nature. Models include assumptions and that are capable of being modified (Smart, 2009;
Tappenden & Chilcott, 2014). There are several models of disability

The Medical Model : Where Disability Is Viewed As An...
the medical model, where disability is viewed as an impairment to be cured or prevented. This view
may significantly inform the kind of service and treatment doctors provide or recommend for these
individuals. In fact, researchers and doctors themselves have voiced concerns that medical
practitioners do not undergo sufficient training to address disability and sexuality (Barbuto &
Napolitano, 2014; Gilmore & Malcolm, 2014). Doctors need to be well informed about the issues in
this area and supportive of the rights of disabled people and their health care needs, especially when
it comes to their sexual health, which medical training could improve. Medical professionals also
require increased education about effectively communicating with these patients, as those with
disabilities have often expressed frustration over being left out of conversations with their doctors
about their health care. This neglect of the needs and desires of disabled people limits not only the
ability of these individuals to access appropriate care, but also restricts their options for fully
autonomous decision–making and informed consent (Foley, 2012; Gilmore & Malcolm, 2014).
Another concerning medical development created for the care of individuals with disabilities has
been the "Ashley Treatment." First utilized in 1997, but reported conducted on at least a dozen
patients in the U.S. since then, this treatment has been used on young girls with severe intellectual
disabilities whose parents obtained

The Medical And Social Models Of Disability
What do you understand by the medical and social models of disability? Illustrate your answer with
examples from your media portfolio.
The social and medical model are separate elements which have a big impact on people's life.
Disability as a whole influences society because we start from a young age learning, which will
effect the kind of person we are and the kind of person we become. The word 'model' helps define
the disability and understand the concepts in which it is perceived by individuals and groups in
society. This essay will be focussing on the medical and social model of disability and including
references and ideas used from the previous media portfolios. The barriers in which people my face
on a day to day basis, how these can be prevented and how they are portrayed in the society. This
essay will also include the differences between the two models and factors that result in the
'oppression and discrimination that disabled people experience' (Lang, 2007, p2). Medical and social
models are used to conceptualize disability, understanding both of the models is an underlying
problem why society has a big impact on the way people view disability.
The social model and medical model was developed in 1970's by activists in the Union of the
Physically Impaired Against Segregation (UPIAS). However, it was influenced by disabled
academics themselves via the work of Colin Barnes (1991), Vic Finkelstein (1980, 1981) and Mike
Oliver (1990, 1996). According to Hasler,

What Is Haden Syndrome In John Scalzi's Lock In
John Scalzi's book Lock In tells a fictionalized tale regarding a future in which a substantial
population of the world has suffered from a disease referred to as Haden's syndrome. By analyzing
the actions and voiced opinions of the characters in the book, we can see that Scalzi argues in favor
of the social model of disability, over the medical model of disability.
The medical model of disability is essentially a traditional ideology regarding disability, which
associates the disability and the problems that arises from it with the afflicted individual. Scalzi
outlines and references the medical model of disability early in the novel, essentially to make
comparisons to reality. The introductory description regarding Haden's syndrome, specifies the
symptoms of the disease and describes the context of why the name Haden's was chosen. The
description states that "Haden's syndrome [was] named for Margeret Haden, the former first lady of
the United States of America..."(9), and this is particularly noteworthy as it mirrors real–life
examples such as Lou ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One individual proclaims that the medical research he is involved in is ultimately intended "to give
Hadens back the basic body integrity to do things like chew and swallow... to free their bodies and
bring them back (97). Upon making this statement, other characters utilizing threeps or integrators
proclaim that they are perfectly fine with utilizing threeps to move about. In addition, the distinction
is made that those utilizing threeps do not desire that their bodies be "brought back", given that
many acquired Hadens at an early age. Scalzi is arguing that seeking a cure or essentially curing the
condition is not necessarily what is beneficial for society and its

The medical model focuses more on the problem and not the person, so the problem would be things
such as the disabilities and impairments rather than the needs of the person. The medical model
thinks the way to solve the disability would be through things such as surgery, physio etc. If people
who follow the medical model think that that a medical cure is not possible then they could exclude
someone with a disability from a normal day to day activities or they could be shut way from society
in a specialized institution or could even be isolated at home. This could lead to all different kinds of
problems as only their basic needs are being met. Under the medical model a medical professional
has significant responsibility and potential for helping disabled people. The medical model mostly
has negative views relating to people with a disability unlike the social model which normally has
positive views. People who work under the medical model think of people with a disability as
spongers and that they need someone to do everything for them. "The medical model of disability
sees the disabled person as the problem – the focus is on the impairment, rather than removing the
barriers which effect the person" (children in wales). The people who work under the medical model
sees that a person with a disability needs to be adapted to fit into society unlike the social model
which will adapt society so people with a disability will fit in and have more independence. The
medical model

Explain The Medical Model Of Disability
The medical model is a view of the disability is seen as the child or young person's fault. The child
or young person would be giving support, this can have negative views/ attitudes. It can make
people think that they are really needy and need to fit in. Also it's a view of disability which is
something to be cured even though many condition have no cure. If you have a child has a disability
in the setting then the practitioners must adapt any activity or the room for the child to meet their
development. It is important that practitioners do not label children by the terms they use. Even if
the child has a difficulties or health conditions the practitioner shouldn't define who someone is. For
example, rather than saying "Genie is an epileptic",

Essay Compare And Contrast The Social And Medical Models...
HPSC1000
Compare and contrast the social and medical models of disability
(APA Citation System)
460360935
University Of Sydney, 2017
Compare and contrast the social and medical models of disability.
The word 'disability' has many definitions varying with the type of perspectives that give these
definitions. For example, the first English Oxford dictionary definition states that disability is "a
physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities". This definition
is positioned around the element of the limitations that a disability induces. The second English
Oxford dictionary definition, however, highlights the detriment of having a disability and legal
identification of that disability, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Both draw from diverse components of the term, disability. An important factor emphasise is that on
of these models shouldn't be chosen over the other, rather, the positive aspect from both should be
taken and adapted to all impairments. The atmosphere around disabled people usually is assumed to
be very public or assumed to be people who aren't commonly exposed to the individuals with
disabilities. Recent publications explore the private, home environments and how the stigmas from
society vanish within the family setting. Parents of disabled children are documented to combine
both models while attempting to provide the best opportunities for their child. (Manago, Davis &
Goar, 2017) (Blum, 2015; Davis and Manago, 2016; Landsman, 2005; Leiter et al., 2004) Despite
the clear differences in models, this study asks the question about disregarding the split perspectives
and combining them taking positives from both. To throw away the stigma and discrimination and
applying ways to help impaired people socially and medically if they choose to. Thus giving the
choice of adaption to the individual with the

The Social Constructionist Approach And Biological Model...
This essay will aim to explain the comparison between the social constructionist approaches and
biological model while concentrating on the self and how the focus of disability is affected.
When trying to interpret the phrase "disability" we can state that it is a condition which limits the
ability to pursue an occupation or everyday tasks due to a psychical or mental impairment and also
restricts a person from legal qualifications to do something in the eyes of the law, this problem is
profound as a individual model of disability– people are the problem (Oliver, 1990).
The biological model, also known as the medical model and the social constructionist model are
often shown as divided, however disability should be viewed neither as purely medical nor social:
people with disabilities can often experience issues arising from their health condition (Thomas,
1999).
The social constructionist model is a concept which recognizes that some individuals have physical
or psychological differences which can effect there ability in functioning in society, however the
social model ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The social model has been adopted by most disabled peoples organisations. In August 2014 the
social model was endorsed by government equalities office that advised the model for use by all
government departments in the way they interact with people (Barnes, C. 1990). This social model
was created by disabled people themselves and looks at the barriers erected by society in terms of
disabled people being able to participate in everyday rituals. Medical model has also informed the
development and structure of the legislation, and is reflected in people's attitudes and associated
negative outcomes. Aspects of the Equality act 2010, in relation to disability discrimination, the Act
also sets out specific criterion, which must be met if an individual is to be protected under the

How Does The Medical Model Have Power?
SH5002: Health, Illness and Society
Linda Imo. Student No. 14005361
Part A: In what ways does the medical model have power?
INTRODUCTION:
In this essay, I intend to look into the power of the medical model in relation to people with physical
and mental disability. I will look at the impact of medicalization on people with medical impairment
as well as some key concepts in medical sociology (Gabe, J. and Elston, M. A.2004). I will then
compare the medical model with the social model and consider the effect they have on
professionalism and dependency and I will discuss the binaries in the medical and social model plus
the political, cultural and economic impact in the society. I will discuss the limitations, policy,
guidelines and legislations and how the medical model of disability can contribute to social
exclusion, segregation and discrimination, and then look at how this depersonalize and
deinstitutionalize people's individuality and the impact on person–centred care, the infringement of
people's right on issues of confidentiality and autonomy. I explore the challenges of disability and
access and the reconceptualising role of the 'Medical Model' in issues of disability and rehabilitation.
In health sciences, good medical and clinical practices are based on moral and logical thinking.
Although the medical model is learned by doctors in their original training and in theory, then
brought and adapted to the field of mental health by psychiatrists that inform both mental

3.3 Explain the Social and Medical Models of Disability...
Social models and medical models of disability
By labelling a child because of there disability can prevent us as seeing the child as a whole person
like their gender, culture and social background the medical models is a traditional view of disability
and that through medical intervention the person can be cured where in fact in most cases there is no
cure. They expect disabled people to change to fit into society.
The social model of disability looks at ways to address issues to enable people to achieve their
potential, by looking at ways to adapt the environment so the child can feel included this is very
important. The social model has been constructed by disabled people and by listening to what
disabled people want and to remove any ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Medical Model regards disability as an individual problem. It promotes a traditional view of
disability, that it is something to be 'cured', even though many conditions have no cure. The problem
is seen as the disabled person and their impairment, not society, and the solution is seen as adapting
the disabled person to fit the non–disabled world, often through medical intervention. Control
resides firmly with professionals; choices for the individual are limited to the options provided and
approved by the 'helping' expert.
When medical labels are placed on the disabled person (for example, referring to people with
epilepsy as 'epileptic'), the individual is seen merely as their impairment. Such labels can prevent us
from developing a picture of the whole person, including their gender, ethnicity and culture, and
social background. The Medical Model is best summarised by referring to the International
Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps developed by the World Health
Organisation in 1980. The classification makes the following distinctions:
Impairment is 'any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or
function'.
Disability is

The Medical And Social Model Of Disability
In my report, I will be discussing both the medical and social model of disability and the importance
of each. I will go into detail of what each model involves and the pros and the cons. I will provide
my own personal opinion on the model's and my reflection on both.
The medical model of disability can be described as the disability within the individual person and
see's disability as an illness. (Suzanne Duggan Notes 2016) It focuses on the person's health rather
than their personal and social needs. It focuses on people with disabilities being treated for their
disability such as going to the doctor or hospital, getting tests and receiving medication. Although
mostly this model is criticised, In my opinion there is both good and bad in it. I think this model can
segregate people with disabilities for example, "targeting `special` benefits at them and providing
segregated `special` services for them." (Alan Moyne 2012 Social and Medical Models of
Disability) It sees disabled people as an inconvenience," This medical model approach is based on a
belief that the difficulties associated with the disability should be borne wholly by the disabled
person, and that the disabled person should make extra effort to ensure that they do not
inconvenience anyone else." (University of Leicester 2015 The social and medical models of
disability) It's taking people with disabilities away from social interaction and doing normal
everyday things which is the most important, "Disabled ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
eople too can be led to believe that their impairments automatically prevent them from participating
in social activities." (Alan Moyne 2012 Social and Medical Models of Disability) People with
impairments should feel like their welcome in society and not

Comparing The Medical Model And People With Disabilities

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