Patrice Lumumba

Patrice Lumumba
What many forget while looking at the independence of African States is that they were becoming
independent during the red scare. The fear of Communism contributed to the early shaping of both
South Africa and the Congo, though in different ways. The fear of Communism led the United
States to support an oppressive dictator, President Mobutu, rather than Patrice Lumumba, a political
leader wishing to help Zaire (now the Dominican Republic of the Congo) thrive in whatever way
possible. In South Africa, Nelson Mandela was sentenced to prison for violating the Suppression of
Communism Act. Mandela's political views were strongly influenced by communist ideals. Patrice
Lumumba was said to have arrived on the political scene of Zaire fifty years ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
If Mandela took this viewpoint in part thanks to what he saw white communists doing, then
communism played a positive role in the formation of an independent South Africa. Mandela's
ability to communicate with both whites and blacks gave peace to both sides in that they had less
fear of emotional repercussions in which the victims became the oppressors. Mandela "often felt
anger about whites, he said, but not hatred. His hatred was directed at the system. His anger was
directed at individuals, never against whites as a group" and he went on to hold individuals, both
black and white, accountable for any committed crimes against humanity ("A Time of Triumph"
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Cultural Relativism In The Poisonwood Bible
Cultural relativism embraces the idea that one particular cultural idea varies from one society to
another; therefore, ethical and moral standards are relative to what a particular culture believes to be
right or wrong. Surroundings affect the way a character is shaped because of the influences they are
exposed to and the opportunities available. In Barbara Kingsolver's novel, The Poisonwood Bible,
the Price family departs from the United States to go on a twelve–month evangelical mission to the
Congo; however, the family ends up staying there for a longer period because of the independence
movement, political and military chaos. The characters end up fully engaged with their African
experience and Adah is one of the characters affected by her surroundings and the new culture she is
exposed to. Through her change of personality and final outlook we are able to understand how
culture clashes and surroundings have an impact on individuals. In many ways, the African culture
and experience have an everlasting effect on Adah. The first encounter of the Price family with
Africa is filled with misunderstanding and bewilderment of the culture but Adah simply observes
and admires the culture. " And so the Price family passes its judgments. All but Adah. Adah
unpasses her judgements" (32).
Adah perceives the world differently because she is born with the disability of hemiplegia which
causes her to walk with a limp, and causes her to be treated differently in society. Although her
disability causes her to be seen as unintelligent, Adah perceives the world in a unique way and in
palindromes. An important cultural difference between the United States and Africa is the treatment
of individuals with disabilities. Adah states that " here , bodily damage is more or less considered to
be a by–product of living not a disgrace. In the way of the body and other people's judgement I
enjoy a benign approval in Kilanga that I have never known in Bethlehem, Georgia "(72). Adah is
finally able to feel accepted in a society where disability does not define her. In the United States,
disability is a locus of oppression meanwhile in Africa disability is not a form of exclusion from
society. In Kikanga the villagers cannot be labeled

Patrice Lumumba Imperialism
Congo is a region in sub–Saharan Central Africa, that was ruled by Belgium during an era of
imperialism. Once Belgium retracted from the Congo there was a time of uprisings and political
instability. The army became corrupt and leaders asked for outside help to try to control the Congo.
If Patrice Lumumba had not been assassinated, then political stability might have been achieved.
Patrice Lumumba started a nationalist movement to try to get Belgium to retract from the Congo,
which was unsuccessful because Mobutu seized power with the support of a corrupt military.
In the late 1800s many European powers fought over land in Africa as a part of imperialism,
acquiring land to gain more power. King Leopold II, the ruler of Belgium from 1865–1909, ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mobutu joined the Nationale Congolese Movement (MNC), while Patrice Lumumba was still the
head of the organization. Mobutu gained a name for himself when "he represented the MNC at the
Brussels Round Table Conference, which had been called to discuss the Congo's independence"
(Mobutu Sese Seko"). Mobutu was on the same side as Lumumba, which was to get independence
for Congo. Congo gained independence on June 30, 1960. Lumumba and Prime Minister Joseph
Kasavubu were appointed as the nation's leaders. Patrice Lumumba trusted Mobutu and he
appointed him the Secretary of State for National Defense ("Mobutu Sese Seko"). Lumumba and
Kasavubu were both struggling to share the power of the Congo together. Mobutu had the power of
the army and he backed up Kasabuvu because he did not appreciate that Lumumba asked the Soviet
Union for help. When the army mutinied against Lumumba and Kasavubu, Mobutu acquired help
from the United States to go around the Congo and rally troops to overthrow the government. The
United States helped Mobutu because they disliked Lumumba because he was considered a
"communist". Soon Mobutu orchestrated a coup against President Kasavubu and Mobutu declared
himself president. Mobutu's every action was worshiped, "and the government officially referred to
him as "Messiah" ("Mobutu Sese Seko"). Mobutu created

Patrice Lumumba And The Congo Crisis
In June of 1960, at the height of the Cold War, Congo received its independence from King Leopold
II's Belgium. Patrice Lumumba, the first Prime Minister of Congo, was instrumental in the
Congolese bid for independence, and played a similar role in the early stages of postcolonial Congo,
known as the "Congo Crisis". In the new Congolese nation, Lumumba was faced with the challenge
of unifying a large African nation with difficulties arising from Cold war influences and geopolitical
tensions. As Prime Minister, Lumumba's primary goal was to build a functioning Congolese state,
with the Cold War being irrelevant save its ability to help in the process of state–building.
For the most part, the new Congolese government was populated by elites ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The short–term success of communist and other highly centralized governments was enticing to
Lumumba, so he turned to a strong centralized government as his way of unifying Congo. In the
context of the Cold War, with fears and tensions at an all–time high, this methodology alarmed the
nations of the free world. The Belgians and opposing political parties propagated the rumors of
Lumumba's communist tendencies, vilifying Lumumba. As Lumumba later found out, this was an
unfortunate resemblance to bear in the free world.
Bearing the alleged connection to communism, Lumumba had to complete the difficult task of
unifying a vast landscape with many diverse ethnicities, languages, and political interests. The
province of Katanga posed the greatest threat to Lumumba in this respect. Katanga was extremely
important as it was the most wealthy and lucrative province in Congo, making it paramount to a
successful Congolese nation. Unfortunately for Congo, Moise Tshombe, the leader of Katanga, did
not see eye to eye with Lumumba. As demonstrated in film, the leaders of Katanga, with the support
of Belgium, sought to secede from the independent Congo, resulting in a frenzy as the soldiers led a
Katangese revolt. As a consequence, geopolitical tensions were at their zenith. Lumumba attempted
to quell this revolt with his own troops, but the new Congolese nation's army was untrained and
unorganized and thus was ineffectual in its response to the chaos.

Decolonization
Why was process of decolonization peaceful in some countries and violent in others? (Before
Independence)
Brief historical background of colonization? (Historical Context) * What ignited calls for
independence from colonial rule in __________ (your country)?
A: Elections were held in rural areas(small cities) for reform and democratization of local
government. 1958 was a year of vigorous political discussion at issues of society in Belgian Congo.
The whole turning point of their advocacy for independence was during January 4–6 in 1959. In
January 4, a riot broke out in Leopoldville due to the fact that an Abako meeting had been banned.
This abrupt disorder for two days as European shops were broken and burned with over 40 people ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Huge riots were caused by the hunger for independence by the people of Congo. The Belgian
authorities prohibited a political/cultural party named 'ABAKO' which was slowly gaining power in
the lower part of Congo. This led to riots for a span of three days and the Belgian government
announced that they would put more Congolese into the government (for moderate nationalists) at a
small scale in hopes of satisfying the demands. (Made a promise of eventual independence to
extreme nationalists). But suddenly there was a surge of political activity. The nationalist's demand
soon grew as fifty political parties were registered competing and Belgian Congo was beyond
control of the Belgian administration.
* When did _________ (your country) achieve independence? Who ended up in power? (Transition)
A: The Republic of Congo achieved independence on June 30, 1960. From January 18–27, 1960, an
event known as the 'The Roundtable Conference' was held in Brussels. Different Congolese parties
attended the meeting to discuss the transition into independence. There were two pivotal leaders,
Joseph Kasa–Vubu as President and Patrice Lumumba as Prime Minister.
To what extent were problems facing newly independent countries a legacy of colonial rule? * What
was the condition of the country upon independence? (Identify problems)
A: Coming from colonial rule, the Congolese had minimal knowledge to manage a huge country.

Patrice Emery Lumumba Research Paper
I'm going to talk about Patrice Emery Lumumba, leader and the first Prime Minister of the
Democratic Republic of Congo, calling for national unity and overall African independence. He
became the head of the first government of Congo when the country had Independence. Born on
July 1925, he was killed on January 17, 1961, because he was opposed to the colonizing country and
demanded the Independence of Congo. P. E. g meetings Lumumba was a writer and a civil organizer
before co–founding the political party named "Congolese National Movement". He wrote poems
and essays for publication. After some travels within his country and acquiring different languages,
he saw with his own eyes the suffering of the Congolese population. He understood

The History of the Belgian Congo
The History of the Belgian Congo The year is 1960, at first the Congo was a colony, but on June
30th, 1960 Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba gave independence to the Congo freeing its citizens.
Only to be kicked out of office just a few weeks after their independence. Six months later
Lumumba to be assassinated. When Lumumba came into office, it was a time where the Anti–
colonial movement reached its peak. "It is a staggering example of what the Western ruling classes
are capable of when their vital interests are threatened. Assassination then becomes a useful
measure, a possible solution." (Kanza XXV) Lumumba's assassination binds together that a self–
proclaimed European mental hierarchy that created the basis of Africa. Frightened by Lumumba not
only as a well rounded man who loved his job and who he worked for and also being a supporter of
the Anti–colonial movement. But as an African Male whose ego became the best of him, he had the
chance to gain the loyalty of many and be able to pin–point the struggles and goals in their everyday
lives.
"The Congo crisis is due to just one man, Patrice Lumumba" (Hochschild 49)
He had the Ability to change everyone's lives because of the power he had. The chance to spread
and promote democracy among the people while also spreading equality among them as well.
"Lumumba...advocated a complete decolonisation that would benefit the population as a whole. He
had, therefore, to be stopped."(Kanza XVII)
Belgium reasoned with the problems

Symbolism In The Poisonwood Bible
In The Poisonwood Bible, Barbara Kingsolver uses symbolism within her characters to portray the
insidious nature of Western civilization asserting their ideals and politics into the post–colonial
African Congo, undercut with a description of the events of the time. The novel centers around the
Price family, an idyllic nuclear unit consisting of four daughters, a mother, and the head of the
family, Reverend Nathan Price, who has decided to embark on a 12–month Southern Baptist mission
(despite the warnings of the mission league and those that live there) to a remote village in the
Congo, to show the heathens there the wonders of Jesus Christ. As told through the perspectives of
his loyal female subjects, Nathan Price does his best to assert his moral Christian ideals (which
include the belief that college ruins a perfectly good woman (Kingsolver 56) and the damnation of
all non–baptised children (Kingsolver 171)) on the village of Kilanga, with no room for adaptation
or understanding. The day the family arrives at the village, and are greeted with a welcoming
celebration including food, song, and dance, Price brings it to a standstill and lectures the bare–
breasted women about the sins of nakedness (Kingsolver 27). When he attempts to make a garden
and grow American crops, he ignores the local's warning to form hills for drainage, and his seeds are
all flooded out after the first rain (Kingsolver 63). Over and over, he preaches to the villagers about
baptism, getting

Character Analysis Of Kingsolver's The Poisonwood Bible
The novel The Poisonwood Bible begins with a narrative directive that grasps the reader's attention.
It suggests everything that is about to occur can only be witnessed by the people of Africa.
Portraying a hint that something is going to happen to their family that leads them to ruins. I believe
the "you" Orleanna is speaking to is the daughter that she lost in Congo as she introduces herself as
"Southern Baptist by marriage, mother of children living and dead" (Kingsolver 7). This reveals the
biggest disaster that occured during their time in Congo. Orleanna speaks from a time in the future
to further enhance the feeling of guilt. She feels that she helped her husband accomplish his ungodly
actions while failing to properly take care of her children. Kingsolver uses traits to differentiate the
voices of each sister, which allows the reader to single handedly pick them out in a crowd if needed.
Ruth May is exhibited as a child by the manipulation of grammar to make her sound more childlike.
Kingsolver uses high sophistication to develop Adah's voice making her one of the most intelligent
of the four sisters which is ironic considering her decision to remain silent. Leah is blunt and
straightforward reflecting her true nature. Lasly Rachel reflects her snobbish and conceited attitude
through her short sentences. Adah Price's voice is the most compelling to me for her large span of
vocabulary and simply her injury. Reading her chapters are the most interesting based off of

"The Poisonwood Bible" in the European Conquest in Africa
The European conquest in Africa reinforced the notion of seizing seemingly primitive nations
occupied by natives whose culture and lifestyle must be rationalized and modified to fit the
standards of a modern country. Following the post–World War II era came the opportunity for the
world's most powerful nations to make a significant impact on a war–torn world. The two super–
power nations of the time, the United States and the Soviet Union, craved to influence vulnerable
and poverty–ridden nations like Africa as these natives were easily to manipulate. A desire to spread
and influence western ideology, specifically Christianity, to rural nations is depicted in Barbra
Kingsolver's novel The Poisonwood Bible. Kingsolver portrays an American missionary Reverend
Price and his family as they attempt to spread and make a significant impact on the people of the
Belgian Congo, whom the Reverend describes as a place where he can "save needy souls".
American intervention in the Congo highlights few of the many results of attempting to revive a
nation ridden of post–colonial damage, including the fusion of two cultures, the abuse of political
power and, international perception and relations. The clashing of cultures appears through the
numerous attempts the Price children take to adapt to their new political and social environment,
including adapting to the language, routine life and cultural traditions. Illustrating the differences of
what Americans and the Congolese do during

Decoconization Of The Congolese Decolonization
Congolese Decolonization
The Congolese people always had a right to be a free country. Since 1884, Belgium's claims towards
the Congo Basin were recognized, however Belgium never monitored that closely what was
occurring in the Congo under their watch. The citizens of the Congo who were not white elites
mostly lived lives of poverty and misfortune. It was a struggle to even find the basic necessities of
live as shown in The Poisonwood Bible. This was not a problem from the United States point of
view, as whether the Congo was economically profitable was the only thing that was cared about.
The Belgian Congo was created in 1908 after it failed at being a "free state" by riots breaking out
and economic exploitation. This led extended interference on their lives, and made things much
worse for the residents, leading to the Congolese attempting to gain independence. To lead this
independence charge, Patrice Lumumba was elected as prime minister. His term didn't last very long
before being assassinated in 1961. Questions can be raised on whether Lumumba was the right guy
for prime minister or not, however the basis for assassinating the man was weak. It is clear that the
assassination of the Congolese Prime Minister, Patrice Lumumba, reflects the turmoil that can ensue
once a nations gains a newfound independence.
The biggest issue was always the state the residents of the Congo Basin were living in. Water and
food were not easy to come by, let alone an actual house. It is

Patrice Émery Lumumba Research Paper
The Congo Free State was a large area in Central Africa that was privately owned by King Leopold
II. Because of public pressure and many conflicts concerning his sovereignty, his ruling came to an
end and the Congo was later annexed as a colony of Belgium. Patrice Émery Lumumba became the
Republic of the Congo's first democratically elected Prime Minister in the June of 1960. He was an
African nationalist and an advocate for Congolese freedom from the Belgian monarchy. He was
very candid about his resentment towards American and European influences in the Congo, resulting
in an uproar between the nations. He came into office with little preparation of what to be expected.
With his daring approach to unite the Congo, he set upon himself many enemies who all ... Show
"With no experience of self–rule and an empty treasury, his huge country was soon in turmoil."
(Hochschild) "He was cut down long before he had time to develop into the more stable leader that
he was obviously capable of being." (Clarke) "Lumumba was among the most courageous and
principled figures" (Vann) "was not prepared to take the responsibility" (Oliver, Atmore) "The life of
Patrice Lumumba proved that he was a product of the best and worst of Belgian colonial rule."
(Clarke) "Those hopes vanished in a matter of days as the newly independent nation descended into
chaos." (Randolph) "Belgian colonialism had deliberately kept the African population untrained and
uneducated, reduced to the status of beasts of burden...On the eve of independence, the Congo, a
territory larger than Western Europe, was seriously underdeveloped. " (Vann) Lumumba made it
clear that European and American participation was not welcomed in the Congo proving mutual
distrust between governments. "Belgian officials who lingered on did their best to sabotage things"

Lumumba Movie Analysis
Movie Analysis
Name:
Institution:
Movie Analysis
Lumumba is a French movie that was directed by Raoul Peck. The movie recreates Patrice
Lumumba revolutionary struggle towards attaining independence or self–rule in Congo. Through the
film, the audiences are not shown the struggle of the Congolese against obtaining self–rule from the
Belgian government but they view the reconstruction of the African state through the hands of
Lumumba a fellow African who was the Prime Minister. The movie depicts the desire of Lumumba
of bringing an orderly and a peaceful transfer of power that leads to him having enemies in all
political spheres. The militants were advocating for freedom and demanded that the white officers in
the military be replaced with the African soldiers. The Belgian colonists are met with violence and
these leads to a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Through the movie, the relation of Lumumba with his wife is minimally shown, possibly only ten
lines of conversation in the entire film. The daughter of the prime minister is treated as an object that
is sacred and requires protection. In actual fact, the only two female characters that have been
depicted in the movie were never involved in the struggle for independence and revolution. Within
the movie, there is a scene during the revolt of the soldiers where a white woman is raped. The
society views women as a subject that ought to be looked down upon. Nonetheless, the disclosure
that surrounds the rape of the woman does not break away from the customary views on violence
especially towards women. In the entire movie, women are depicted and viewed as extremely
traditional and passive. They are supposed to follow whatever is required from them. Gender
through the movie exists in the similar way through which race exists. The society in the movie is
largely patriarchy, and gender is unconsciously used for the purpose of justifying oppression and
patriarchal

Exile In Barbara Kingsolver's The Poisonwood Bible
It has been said by Palestinian American literary theorist and cultural critic Edward Said that "Exile
is strangely compelling to think about but terrible to experience. It is the unhealable rift forced
between a human being and a native place, between the self and its true home: its essential sadness
can never be surmounted." Said has also said that exile can become "a potent, even enriching"
experience. The fourteen and a half year old Leah Price goes through this potent and enriching
experience. Through means of exile and self realization Leah develops as a character throughout the
novel The Poisonwood Bible written by American author Barbara
Kingsolver. Leah goes through many phases and ends up accomplishing one of her goals, trying to
teach the people of Africa to try ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Maureen Ryan, in an article in the Journal of American
Culture written before Poisonwood Bible was published, argues that Kingsolver's work is popular
because it is "aggressively politically correct, yet fundamentally conservative" – Pamela
H. Demory. While the Congolese are fighting for independence from the Belgian the Price family is
fighting for independence from their father, Nathan Price. Nathan is the reason for most of the
family's hardships but also the reason they are where they are now. Leah would not have ended up
where she was without her Father; no matter how much she dislikes him. Essentially
Nathan is the one who sealed her fate. He brought her to the Congo and he is the same reason that
she split away from the family. Nathan is the reason Leah became independent; he is the reason the
rest of the family became independent as well. Their exile was so terrible to experience because of
Nathan. The Price family was secondary to Nathan, and religion was his primary focus. The family
had such "a potent, even enriching" experience by finding themselves and separating from the reign
of Nathan Price. It can even be said that Nathan is the reason

Patrice Lumumba Research Paper
On January 17th 1961 the former Congolese Prime minister, Patrice Lumumba was assassinated.
According to document A "Belgians supported a 30–year timetable to prepare them for
independence. Distrusting the Belgians, African nationalists demanded immediate self–
government." After the announcement of the Belgians leaving some citizens wanted this to come
much faster, so Belgium said they would give full control within the year. In the following year
Lumumba was assassinated by an unknown killed. Due Lumumba's decisions chaos grew in the
country and the hatred of the Congo grew to the Belgium and their allies. Lumumba was
assassinated for multiple reasons but the largest cause was that he opposed popular opinion and
made very powerful people upset with his erratic decisions and accusations.
Lumumba's speech on June 30th 1960, the day the Congo because independant, spoke of his hatred
for the Belgian people and how they had oppressed the Congolese people for years. He said during
this speech he stated "Morning, noon and night we were subjected to jeers, insults and blows
because we were Negroes." We can conclude from this that he had personal or had seen this happen
and as a powerful figure to the people of the Congo it was taken as a fact. This made the ... Show
This could sway countries like the United states who were and still are very opposed to communism
what to put a stop to the man that they saw was pushing this ideology. An excerpt pulled from
source C states "Anti–Lumumba leaders continue to emphasize Lumumba's Communist contacts"
this shows that we had been given information to tell us that Lumumba was a threat to us and our
allies. With country like America, who strongly oppose communism somebody who spreads
Communism is a threat to our way of life and some say that it is necessary that he stops spreading
that

Patrice Lumumba
The newly independent Congo was only two weeks old when Moise Tshembe declared the city of
Katanga a separate nation. This decision had affected both countries mainly because of how wealthy
and desired Katanga's land was. Because of the city's copper belt and profitable mining operation,
when it succeeded the Belgians, French, and British rushed to support it in hopes to take advantage
of its valuable land. The countries even took stabs at manipulating the unexperienced, tribal leader.
Even though this was against U.N. rules, the countries placed mercenaries in katanga's army. Back
in the Congo, this was bad news for Patrice Lumumba. He soon appealed to the U.N. for weapons
and soldiers to end the secession. The U.N. at first refused and deemed

Imperialism In Central Africa
Riches in central Africa. In what is now the Democratic Republic of Congo, there was and still is a
plethora of natural resources. Rubber, gold, copper, diamonds and more. That natural wealth has
definitely hurt Congo in the past rather than helped. Its resources could have made it one of the
wealthiest countries in the world. But yet, this future did not hold true for the Congo. At the turn of
the 20th century, King Leopold II began to take notice of the central African country. (National
Black United Front). King Leopold II communicated all his ideas and intentions through a speech to
European missionaries. (Africa Global Network). In it, his words held the key to all things terrible.
Soon, Belgium took over the Congo and began one of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The book is a cartoon book about a boy reporter named Tintin traveling to the Congo, much like
what the title describes. It shows native Congolese as black–skinned and fat–lipped, with an almost
monkey–like appearance. One could catch them saying things like "White man very great. White
mister is big juju man!" (Cendrowicz). Most Congolese now find humor at this book's portrayal of
the Congolese natives, but others threatened to sue and ban the book worldwide even 80 years after
its publication (Cendrowicz). Although this seems like a sinister book now, it is simply a reflection
of what Belgium taught its citizens about the Congo. People can now buy the book with a small
warning. Belgian schoolbooks expressed phrases like "The intellectual development of the black
child stops very early" or "Negroes are indolent, lazy by nature, lacking in foresight." Hergé was just
a Belgian citizen only given knowledge by his government (Cendrowicz). The book is banned in
some

A Dictatorship In The Congo Research Paper
Mobutu made major changes to the Congo by creating a dictatorship, all of which came about out of
fear of another person or foreign government taking his power (Duignan, 138). For example,
Mobutu disassembled parliament and created a mass single party (Duignan, 136). At first when
Mobutu official came to power in 1965, the Congo's economy began to do much better. Mobutu had
created new policies like the economic stabilization in 1967, reforming the twenty–one provinces
back in to nine, and created a national identity around the legacy of Lumumba (Duignan, 136). In
1970, there was a "balanced budget, a negligible external debt, and a strong currency" (Duignan,
141). As well as a ten year plan to create development by using the natural resources ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Both super powers were using the Congo for their own selfish reasoning. For example, Soviet
leader, Khrushchev claimed the "Congo as a battleground, pitting African nationalism and self–
determination against Western (neo) colonialist intervention" (Dunn, 99). After Lumumba's death
the communist and the United States became more intent on shaping the Congo into their own
political frame work or at the very lease pro–soviet or anti–communist. The Congo could get aid
from the United States to help stop the spread of communism, however once the Soviet Union and
the United States make nice the money stops flowing in. To the Western nations the Congo was a
pawn in their political and economic power

Patrice Lumumba Research Paper
Narimatsu 9 "There's the possibility of balance, Unbearable burdens that the world somehow does
bear with a certain grace [...] I am the un–missionary, as Adah would say, beginning each day on my
knees, asking to be converted. If I could reach backward somehow to give Father just one gift, it
would be the simple human relief of knowing you've done wrong, and living through it [...] But that
exacting, tyrannical God of his has left me for good. I don't quite know what crept in to take his
place. Some kin to the passion of Brother Fowles, I guess, who advised me to trust in Creation,
which is made fresh daily and doesn't suffer in translation" (Kingsolver 523–525). The missionaries
like her father sought to bend the culture ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, once she met Nathan Price, her spirit was broken and his presence devoured any hope and
independence she had. "It took me a long time to understand the awful price I'd paid, and that even
God has to admit the worth of freedom. How say ye to my soul, Flee as a bird to your mountain? By
then, I was lodged in the heart of darkness, so thoroughly bent to the shape of marriage I could
hardly see any other way to stand. Like Methuselah, I cowered beside my cage, and though my soul
hankered after the mountain, I found, Like Methuselah, I had no wings" (Kingsolver 201). Ruth
May's death simply broke her, reducing her to a grieving widow that let the negative events in her
life consume her completely. "[...] the Congo breathed behind the curtain of forest, preparing to roll
over us like a river. My soul was gathered with sinners and bloody men, and all I was thinking of
was how to get Mama Tataba to come back, or what we should have brought from Georgia. I was
blinded from the constant looking back: Lot's wife. I only ever saw the gathering clouds"
(Kingsolver 98). Orleanna feels the need to keep moving in order to keep her grief

Patrice Lumumba Essay
More than Words
Since the late 1800's, almost all of Africa had been under European colonial rule, but this changed
drastically in 1960. Sixteen African nations gained their independence that year, including the
former Belgian Congo, which became the Democratic Republic of the Congo on June 30. One of the
key personalities that made this possible was Patrice Lumumba, who experienced widespread
support in gaining independence and became the first Prime Minister of the DROC. However, he
lost much of this support once he was in office, and lasted fewer than 200 days. Lumumba's ability
to communicate was a key reason for his success and failure.
Patrice Lumumba was born in the Kasai Province of the Belgian Congo on July 2, 1925 as a ...
In July of 1956, Lumumba was sentenced to two years imprisonment for embezzling $2,520 from
the post office for the Association des Evolués. After the Association returned the money,
Lumumba's sentence was reduced to 12 months, which began his career as a prisoner, leaving and
re–entering the prison system for the next five years. During his 1956–1957 imprisonment,
Lumumba wrote Congo, My Congo, 200 pages to "make a contribution towards the search for a
solution for the present and future problems of the Congo" (Lumumba 7). Because this book was not
published until after Lumumba's death, it did not have an impact on the independence movement,
but the views Lumumba wrote about certainly did.
In Congo, My Country, Lumumba explains that one of the main reasons Europeans should not have
control of the Congolese is that the Europeans do not understand the African way. Lumumba
attributes this to the "instinctive mistrust of the Congolese for the white man" (Lumumba 8).
Baldwin writes about similar problems in the United States, on an entirely different continent under
different circumstances. In "Notes of a Native Son," Baldwin writes about his father's mistrust for
white people, which he at first ignores, but later understands after a first–hand encounter in New
Jersey. While Baldwin's personal experience was in a restaurant, his father's warning came from
years of unfair treatment and, undoubtedly,

Compare And Contrast The Poisonwood Bible
Contrasting Poisonwood Life isn't black and white and this is a sentiment that the book The
Poisonwood Bible by Barbara Kingsolver tried to express. The aforementioned book is about an
American family from Georgia, which leaves the comfort of the USA to go to a missionary mission
in the country of Congo, in the town of Kilanga. Throughout the novel, it can be seen how the
Congo either changes or reveals the true personalities of its 5 narrators (Orleanna, Rachel, Leah,
Adah and Ruth May). This can be seen through the use of different motifs, some which even
contradict each other help bring life into this novel by creating complex characters and revealing
how true personalities are in their own way as, state before, life is not black and white, ... Show
This is apparent by the use of the character's perspective about nature and the ultimate result it has
upon them. This is in its most apparent shape when Orleanna says "We aimed for no more than to
have dominion over every creature that moved upon the earth... Now you laugh, day and night,
while you gnaw on my bones. But what else could we have thought? Only that it began and ended
with us. What do we know, even now?" (Kingsolver 10). This quote by Orleanna about nature,
shows the true power of it regarding the motifs of freedom and captivity. This is seen because of the
fact that there is a progression and a change of thought that quickly evolves from the family and her
thinking that they had the freedom to have dominion over nature, to she surrendering to nature and
saying that she is captive forever because of nature that nature instead of being loving, betrayed her
and is now seeking for the forgiveness of it. Another way this is seen it when Leah said "Its
heavenly paradise in the Congo, and sometimes I want to live here forever," (104). This extract from
the novel at first glance may not seem like an important passage, but it is considering the fact that
she feels that she has the motifs of freedom and love at her grasp as she feels free in the Congo and
loves it. This ultimately will not last as their contrasting motifs will eventually kick in making her a
prisoner of the Congo by her own merits keeping her captive in there for the rest of her life, while
also betraying her because the land and the nature inside it made her lose her little sister. Finally, this
connects to the thesis and the other paragraphs because of the fact that it shows this hope versus
reality situation which is created when these motifs are combined, furthermore it shows the
colorfulness of life in the book because of the fact that it shows the way

Analysis Of The Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver
Biographical Connection: Barbara Kingsolver was born on April 8, 1955 in Annapolis, Maryland
and during her seventh and eight years of life she spent in the Republic of Congo where her parents
worked there as healthcare officials. During her time there, she kept a diary documenting how
different and curious everything was compared to Maryland. She was mostly fascinated how these
people could live so peacefully and happily without certain necessities that she considered
necessary, such as running water, electricity, supported shelter, plumbing, and so on. She concluded
that due to the different cultures one thing was not to be expected from the other; this is a continuous
theme found in her novel, The Poisonwood Bible. However, Kingsolver ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Kingsolver subtly presents the colonialism she and many other Americans took part of by stating,
"In the year of our Lord 1960 a monkey barreled through space in an American rocket; a Kennedy
boy took the chair out from under a fatherly general named Ike; and the whole world turned on an
axis called the Congo. The monkey sailed right overhead, and on a more earthly plane men in locked
rooms bargained for the Congo's treasure. But I was there. Right on the head of that pin"
(Kingsolver 8).
Genre and Characteristics
The genre The Poisonwood Bible falls into is historical fiction and postcolonial fiction.
Characteristics/Genre: Historical fiction is a literary genre in which past events are formulated from
genuine, factual history, but the plot of the story and characters are merely fictional. Postcolonial
fiction is a literary genre in which appropriation of colonial language thus African is integrated and
colonialism subtly attributed. Also, valorization, cultural identity, and racism is often found.
The work meets the criteria of these two genres since The Poisonwood Bible is a story about a white
colonial family who moves to the Congo in order to impose the Baptist faith. The story takes place
in Africa during the 1960's when the United States, Belgium, and the Congo Crisis of 1960 was
occurring. The history integrated in the book is completely factual;

Quotes In Poisonwood Bible
ennifer Polyniak
Miss Given
11th Grade Honors World Literature
February 5, 2018
Poisonwood Bible: Response 3 This novel is based on storytelling. Each girl has their own point of
view of what life is like in the Congo. For, example, it was absolutely terrible for Rachel. She never
wanted to be there from the start. When they first arrived in the Congo, no one wanted to be there.
Certain girls changed their minds. Ruth May, for example, conformed to the Congo culture. She
even made friends along the way, by playing games like "Mother May I" with the children of the
Congo. Leah did not really conform to the culture. She wanted to hunt with the guys, but she still
was a part of their culture. She fought for women's rights in the Congo. Leah ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
It also talks about Patrice Lumumba getting assasinated. It also talks about the diseases the people in
the Congo were going through. Some of these diseases are: malaria, and malnutrition. They had
scarce food sources. They often die from both of these things. This can be read as a religious
allegory because it talks about the Baptist missionaries. They had to deal with the rejection from the
Congolese people. The Congolese people rejected the religion and the Price family since they were
white. The Price family also had to deal with the same diseases and situations as the people of the
Congo. They had to sleep with mosquito nets or the mosquitos would have eaten them alive. Some
of the Prices (Leah, Adah and Orleanna) almost got eaten by

AAnalyble Response : The Poisonwood Bible Response
The Poisonwood Bible Response #1 The novel opens with a narrative directive, to the reader:
Imagine a ruin so strange it must never have happened. First picture the forest. I want you to be its
conscience, the eyes in the trees. The effect of the directive is that it puts the reader in the setting the
author wants the book to be seen in. This directive suggests that something has happened that left
the forest with ruins in it. When Orleanna narrerates and mentions "you" it appears she is talking to
death or a higher power that has some control over her life. The disasters Orleanna talks about are
how people and nations turned on the Congo and how people turned on her. She is telling the story
looking back on Africa because it seems she is nearing the end of her life slowly not really doing
anything anymore just reflecting and her kids telling it as it's happening because they are younger
and still have lives ahead of them. Kingsolver uses voice to characterize the sisters by relating the
way they talk to their characteristics. When Ruth May talks she uses simpler words and words heard
from other characters because she is a child and has not learned as much as everyone else. Adah
barely talks to people because she has pushed herself away from society but her voice in the book is
very intelligent just like her twin Leah.Leah has the same intelligent voice as Adah and she shows it
by talking to everyone and knowing she can be in a more adult conversation and understand. The

Patrice Lumumba’s Struggle Against Belgian Imperialism Essay
Patrice Lumumba's Struggle Against Belgian Imperialism
It is hard to believe that in 2002 there is still imperialism being practiced in the world, but the fact of
the matter is, it is. Imperialism is the policy of extending a nation's territory or power by establishing
dominance over other nations. A modern example of imperialism is the Congo.
At the 1885 Berlin Conference, where the European powers carved up most of Africa among
themselves, they sanctioned the claim of Belgian King Leopold II to sole authority over the Congo,
a land mass 75 times the area of Belgium. The Congo was virtually his private property. He wiped
out some 10 million people, around half the population, in his determination to extract every ...
However, Lumumba's intentions became clear from his Independence Day speech. He said,
We have known sarcasm and insults, endured blows morning, noon and night because we were
'niggers'... We have seen our lands despoiled under the terms of what was supposedly the law of the
lad but which only recognised the right of the strongest. We have seen that this law was quite
different for a white than for a black: accommodating for the former, cruel and inhuman for the
latter.
It is evident from this excerpt that Lumumba's Congo would not be one where the Belgians could
remain in complete control.
The imperialist powers, led by Washington together with Brussels, undertook a series of operations
designed to undermine the new Lumumba–led government. Less than two weeks after Congo's
independence, the former Belgian rulers succeeded in organizing a secessionist movement in the
province of Katanga, where U.S. and European companies had vast mineral holdings. On July 11,
1960, Moise Tshombe, a wealthy businessman and leader of the UCOL party who bitterly opposed
Lumumba, declared Katanga's separation from the Congo. UCOL originally stood for the Union for
Colonization but then was later changed to the Union for the Collaboration of the Middle Classes in
Katanga due to the feverish anti–colonial spirit in the Congo. Brussels sent 10,000 troops to Katanga
to

The Poisonwood Bible : New York : Harpercollins Publishers
Kingsolver, Barbara. The Poisonwood Bible. New York: HarperCollins Publishers Inc., 1999.
Orleanna Price is presented with the difficult task of moving her four daughters, Rachel, Leah,
Adah, and Ruth May, and her husband, Nathan. However, this is not a typical move to another house
within their city limits or even to another state. Orleanna has to move her family of six from
southern Georgia to a less than rural village in the Congo. Her husband, Reverend Nathan Price,
believes God wants him to travel to the Congo, bringing his family along with him, on a mission to
share the teachings of Jesus Christ. Since their marriage, her husband has slowly disregarded
Orleanna as a significant other. Due to this, when Orleanna did not show enthusiasm or trust in this
adventure, Nathan was not hesitant to disregard her feelings. Losing this battle, Orleanna had to
meticulously choose what to pack for their excursion. Once their luggage bags reached the weight
limit for the airline, Nathan refused to pay any more than what the airline allotted. Therefore,
Orleanna had to pack their remaining things within the clothes of her and her daughters, as Nathan 's
only thing he had to take was the message of Jesus, which was confined within his brain. After two
uncomfortable airplane rides, the Prices finally landed in Kilanga, Congo. They were presented their
church and their home after being speculated by the numerous women, men, and children of the
village. These villagers, many of

The Involvement Of The Soviet Union
The involvement of the Soviet Union in Congo caused a numerous amount of problems. The Congo
was facing political and social instability because of the Belgian troops that were present and taking
control over the land at the time. This all led to the United States getting involved, they supported
the United Nations order to remove Belgian troops. The United States were supporting the UN but
wanted to have a stable, pro–western regime through vote buying and financial support for pro–
Western candidates, they believed that this could be achieved if they would assist the people of the
Congo by removing the Belgian forces. The Europeans had took it upon themselves to invade the
Congo and help the natives without receiving permission from the Prime Minister at the time, Prime
Minister Patrice Lumumba. Lumumba was enraged by this and grew resentment towards the
Belgians which created more conflict within the Congo, many external and internal factors affected
the rise and fall of the Congo nation which ultimately led to Congo being free from the Belgians in
1960.
The Belgians made efforts to improve education and medical care for the colony 's people. However
they refused to give the people of Congo a voice in the government,("World Book Student | Article
Page."). Belgians maintained control by providing little aid for African education and by restricting
Congolese participation in the government to clerical work. Over time, the Congolese people were
upset with the slow pace of

Role Of Patrice Lumumba
Research Question:
Discuss the involvement of Patrice Lumumba in the Pan–Africanism movement.
Helped promote movement → founded MNC, went to Kwame's conference
Gave it a bad rep? → arrested for inciting riot
Justify relevance
Thesis:
Patrice Lumumba was involved in the Pan–Africanist movement in positive and negative ways, by
both promoting and negatively connoting its ideology.
Introduction:
A charismatic, dedicated, and zealous leader, Patrice Emery Lumumba (1925–1961) was a civil
servant, activist, and the first democratically elected Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of
the Congo. During his lifetime, Lumumba was very active in African politics and supported the
Pan–Africanist movement
Biographical Background:
Paragraph ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With the help of UN troops, Lumumba was placed under house arrest. However, he escaped to
Stanleyville, with the aim of recovering control by setting up his own government and army.
Lumumba's efforts proved futile when he was captured on December 1, 1960, and taken to Kinshasa
to be tried for "inciting the army to rebellion and other crimes," according to rival Joseph Mobutu.
Lumumba was transferred from the military barracks near Leopoldville to the independent province
of Katanga due to perceived threat to his security. Lumumba was "brutally beaten and tortured by
Katangan and Belgian officers," while travelling, and was placed under arrest while Katangan leader
Moise Tshombe and his cabinet decided on a course of action. According to Belgian report, Patrice
Lumumba was executed by firing squad on January 17, 1961 at age 35. Lumumba's death was
blamed on "enraged villagers", however street protests were organized in several European
countries, and the Belgian embassy in Belgrade, Yugoslavia, was attacked. Crowds also marched in
London, protesting the Belgian government's supposed involvement in Lumumba's

Congo Square Research Paper
Congo Square is a public space where African slaves gathered, singed, danced, played musical
instruments, and practice their belief after the Code Noir of Louisiana was established for Sunday as
non–work days for all inhabitants of the French rule colony. Freddie Williams Evans presented the
Congo Square as a significant contribution to the survival of African American in New Orleans,
Louisiana. One evidence of Congo Square helping African slaves is trading with marketers during
non–work Sunday. The Code Noir policy defined many conditions of slavery. It had negative
restriction on the activities of slaves, native American, and mix people. However, this policy also
enforced Catholicism religion practice, therefore, all inhabitants had non–word ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many Africans accepted Catholicism practice in public as the policy forced, but many Africans still
practices their own belief in private. The Congo Square, however, shows practice of African's beliefs
as Evans notes that many African dressed and worshipped according to their beliefs (p.61), and
"their participation in the festivities contributed to the strength of the African traditions and cultural
practices that persisted there" (p.48). Their practice of their traditional music and dance style shows
the willingness of the African members to cooperate with each other and form a prospered
community. Another example shows that Congo Square improve the social cohesion is their
harmless and free offering. Evans quotes from Oscar Felix: "Whenever there was food placed in the
tree somebody would always take it. You see, there things were put there for other people who
needed them to take them and they always did. Nobody ever put anything in there that would harm
anyone" (p.56). Even thought the Africans were going through hard time as slave, but they did not
forget to give and share to other member of the community. The Congo Square gathering supplied
the African community the necessities and the spiritual support, thus kept the social

The Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver
Barbara Kingsolver's novel, The Poisonwood Bible, is about a missionary family, the Prices, who
move from Bethlehem, Georgia to a small village in the Congo. They choose to move during a time
when there is great upheaval about to happen in the region. The reader learns about their trials and
tribulations of life in the Congo through the five Price females, who talk about the events from their
own the points of view. In the beginning, I thought I would not like this book; however I found that I
had a hard time putting it down and ended up finishing the book quickly. There were many things
Kingsolver did to make this book so appealing. From her use of dialogue and imagery, with such
different character personalities, set in a historical time which gave this piece of fiction a hint of
authenticity, to her underlying theme of human nature, both good and bad. It is all of these things
combined which make The Poisonwood Bible a highly recommended book to read. Kingsolver's use
of the five Price females as narrators is a little difficult to follow at first. The reader bounces from
the point of view of this character to the point of view of that character, sometimes with the events
overlapping to other events happening years apart. It is also a little difficult to follow as the novel
bounces from Orleanna Price, the mother, who is reflecting on her past life, to the girls, Rachel,
Adah, Leah and Ruth May, who are telling their parts as if they are current. An example of this

The Congo Crisis
Over a period from 1960–1965, the first Republic of the Congo experienced a period of serious
crisis. There was a terrible war for power that displayed senseless violence and the desperation to
rule. There were many internal conflicts among the people. The country eventually gained
independence from Belgium. For many countries this would be a time for celebration. Unfortunately
for the people of the Congo this became a time to forget. Almost immediately after independence
and the general elections, the country went into civil war. Major developed cities like Katanga and
Kasai wanted to be independent from the Lumumba government. Different factions started to fight
the government and Katanga and Kasai tried to secede from the rest ... Show more content on
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This new country fresh from being colonized had an army but very few Congolese officers just
mainly army regulars. The country kept many foreign officers as the military trained local soldiers
for leadership positions. Many soldiers saw no chance for advancement and it seemed to be the
same conditions as they experienced before independence. An atmosphere of discontent grew
rampant for foreigners still in positions of power. On July 05, 1960 the army had a revolt against
these white officers near Leopoldville. They also attacked many Europeans targets in the area. Large
groups of mutineers paraded over the area attacking any foreign interest they could find. There was
wide spread looting and pillaging. The white population was targeted primarily. With the area in
total chaos and no one to police the unrest, the local white population had to flee. The majority of
the white refugees had to go to Brazzaville and Stanleyville to escape certain death. The unstable
government and the clear inability to control the military and the people created concern locally and
internationally. Due to the clear and present danger of the Belgian people living in the Congo, the
Belgian government felt that they had to intervene. Soldiers from Belgium were back on the ground
in the Congo to bring stability to the situation. This was a horrific sight to most of the Congolese
people as

Patrice Lumumba In The Poisonwood Bible
Patrice Lumumba In Barbara Kingsolver's novel, The Poisonwood Bible, the reader is introduced to
Patrice Lumumba, the first Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo, through the voices of the
fictional Price women. Unlike the Price family, Patrice Lumumba was a non–fictional character who
was elected and served only 7 months as the Congo's Prime Minister. His reign was brought short by
his execution in 1961. Though his tenure may have been short and occurred more than 50 years ago,
Patrice Lumumba remains to this very day, an important man in history. Patrice Lumumba was born
July 2nd, 1925, however his name at birth was not Patrice. Patrice was born Élias Okit'Asombo, but
as he grew and moved from place to place, so did his name. While living in Stanleyville, he was
called "Okanda doka" or the knowledge magician due to his passion for reading. When he moved to
Onalua, he became to be known as Patrice Osungu. He choose the name "Osungu" because it
represented the "the success of a powerful white man" which caused him to be teased by his friends.
It is due to this, they nicknamed him "white man in rags." Once he left Onalua, he dropped the name
Osungu and began using Patrice Emery Lumumba. He chose the name ... Show more content on
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He sought to have "full control over Congo's [natural] resources in order to utilize them to improve
living conditions" in the Congo (Nzongola–Ntalaja, par. 5). It was for these reasons, Lumumba was
elected as the first Prime Minister of Congo. Unfortunately, the inexperienced newly formed
government of the Congo could not unify its people. Civil unrest followed along with the Congolese
army revolting (Kuklick, 144). It was at the beginning of this unrest, the Underdowns, like many
Belgians, fled the Congo. It was this same unrest that caused most missionaries, like the Prices, to
be recalled

Patrice Lumumba's Story: A True African Native
Patrice Lumumba's Story: A True African Native The story of Patrice Lumumba begins during the
negotiate of the Congo's Independence. Patrice Lumumba was an activist dedicated to ensuring the
Congo received its proper rights, it's people received proper treatment and the nation was able to
unite under a peaceful government. The movie shows the effects of a man being born before his
time. Although Lumumba knew the risk, he was still dedicated to ensuring the rights of the
Congolese people. Similar to any great revolutionist in history, there were people who loved him,
people who hated him and people who turned there backs on him. Lumumba started off as a postal
worker from Stanleyville. When he arrived in the Congo he received a job selling beer, despite his
criminal background. From there he slowly became for for his ability to speak well. From the very
beginning Lumumba was seen as a threat. Still he was able to work himself up in the ranks and
eventually was appointed Prime Minister of the Congo. Sadly, Lumumba's story does not have a
happy ending. In the end he is tortured, shot, and dismembered. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In this scene the Congolese people are celebrating one year. The movie bounces between
Lumumba's last minutes of life and the celebration. At the celebration we see Joseph, a man who
once played friend to Lumumba, sitting on a throne and one can assume he is now the person in
power. Ironically, he encourages the people to stand for a moment of silence honoring Lumumba.
This part sticks out to me the most because I was not sure if Lumumba was already dead during the
moment of silence or f this was an inference made by Joseph while Lumumba was still being
tortured. This part also stuck out to be because Lumumba knew he was going to die, yet he stood tall
and dies with dignity. The soldiers even had a moment of silence before they shot him, almost as if
he was being

Political Allegory In The Poisonwood Bible
In a world full of blame and lack of accountability, an individual's role in injustice needs to be
questioned. In the early 1960's, after many years under Belgian rule, the Congolese people formed
an uprising and gained independance. However, the Congo was ill prepared for the organization that
independence demanded. The Soviet Union offered aid to the Prime Minister of the Congo. Since
this was during the Cold War, the United States retaliated and supported a coup led by Colonel
Joseph Mobutu. Mobutu ruled with an iron fist, resulting in pain and oppression of the Congolese.
Looking back on history, it is easy to see who was at fault. But at the time, it was not easy to
identify blame, especially for the Americans. Barbara Kingsolver wrote about the Congo's trials
much later in 1991. She used a narration from baptist missionary family to symbolize the different
kinds of guilt Americans share. In Anne M. Austenfield's narrative journal, she described
Kingsolver's ability to use, "several character–focalizers whose limited perspectives project highly
subjective views of history" (Austenfeld). This technique allowed for Kingsolver to not only
produce a more reliable account of what occurred, but to depict her desired theme and message.
Kingsolver, in her novel The Poisonwood Bible, uses a political allegory to explore the different
notions of guilt through the limited perspectives of her characters. The oldest of the daughters is
Rachel Rebecca Price. Each of the daughters

The Struggle Of Independence In The Movie 'Lumumba'
The movie "Lumumba" displays the ironic struggle that came with newfound independence in
postcolonial Congo, specifically in the year 1960. It follows the story of Patrice Lumumba, an
educated African man with a craving for independence. Early in the movie, Lumumba is arrested for
promoting dissent, but is soon released to attend the "round table" meeting in which he is able to
create a deal that would allow for the Congo to finally be independent from Belgian rule. Lumumba
is elected as prime minister and is quickly thrown into governing a postcolonial state with a
complete lack of order. He begins with a large range of supporters and high hopes for the state's
success without being under Belgian control. The ways in which the state had been run under
colonialism, which created the lack of a viable economy, a nonexistent nationalism among the
Congolese people, and violent race relations derived from the struggle for power, all set Lumumba
up to ultimately fail as a postcolonial leader through the struggle to build a state, create a sense of
nationalism, and find a general unity among the Congolese people. The first step of action
Lumumba needed to take as a leader of a postcolonial, which also happened to end up being one of
his greatest difficulties, was to build the Congo into an official state in order to create a greater sense
of stability. One of the most important pieces of building this 'state' was to create a viable economy
for the country, however, this was much

A Comparison Of Patrice Lumumba's Assassination
Despite what some people may believe, assassination is not synonymous with murder. Sure, both are
similar, but they are also very different. For instance, assassination is the act of killing an important
person for political reasons while murder is the killing of an average person for any reason. Also,
assassination has only happened to important political figures, such as Abraham Lincoln, Martin
Luther King Jr, and John F. Kennedy. Another important person who was assassinated was Patrice
Lumumba. He was an important historical figure who was possibly either killed by troops who were
loyal to Colonel Mobutu or the CIA. Born in the small village of Onalua in Kasai province on July
2, 1925, Patrice Hemery Lumumba was a great man who accomplished great things. He fought for
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Because Lumumba made the decision to raise the pay of all government employees except for the
army, many units of the army objected and multiple rebellions spread throughout the country,
causing nationwide panic. For political reasons, Lumumba had to seek help from the Soviet, which
alarmed several countries and made them think that he was a communist. Because of this, he was in
deep trouble. Around September, 1961, Lumumba was dismissed from the government by President
Kasa–Vubu. Furious, he retaliated by declaring the president deposed. As to be expected, this did
not go well with Colonel Joseph Mobutu, and so on the 14th of September, the colonel incapacitated
both Lumumba and Kasa–Vubu. Despite being put under house arrest, Lumumba snuck out to
Stanleyville but was caught by Colonel Joseph Mobutu's troops. Then, around January, after being
beaten repeatedly, he was driven to the secessionist regime in Katanga and was killed, however, no
one is certain who was responsible for this, but theories suggest that it was the CIA or the Katanga
authorities that killed him because of his involvements with the Soviet

Who Is Patrice Lumumba
Congo gained its independence from Belgium in 1960; however, it still remained turbulent and
dangerous. On the one hand, Patrice Lumumba, the leader of the independence movement and anti–
imperialist tried to restore order and resisted foreign intervene into Congo's natural resource, but
was mistakenly portrayed as a communist and assassinated in 1961. On the other hand, a coup led
by Joseph Mobutu, which was supported by the United States quickly grasp the control over the
country and renamed it Zaire. A large amount of money loans were given to Mobutu and his
government for aid from the United States and the International Monetary Fund, but the corruption
in his government lead to tremendous loss of the money that is supposed to put into constructing

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