Indus architecture indus valley civilization Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa

1. INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION
Made by :
Aruna kapur
2 A

2. Indus Valley Civilization
Bronze Age civilization
 Era : 3300–1300 BCE.
 Location: northwest India.
 Along with ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia it was one of
three early civilisations of the Old World, and of the three,
the most widespread.
Religion :
 Reverted bull
 A priest king

3. • THE LIVES OF PEOPLE OF MOHENJO DARO and harappa
• 1) AGRICULTURE was their main economic activity.
• 2) They had irrigation systems.
• 3) They had pottery and jewelry making.
• 4) Houses were made of clay bricks. –
• 5) Their leaders were priest-kings.
• 6) Their religion was animism and polytheism. They
worshipped many gods some of which were animals
like the very revered BULL.

4. ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES
 CITY HAS PLANNED AREA
1. The Great Bath
2. Streets
3. The Granary
4. Public Well
5. The Assembly Hall

5. Roots of Indus Valley
Civilization
• Earliest civilizations in Indus
Valley was discovered in 1856
by a railroad crew.
– Harappa
– Mohenjo-Dara or “Hill of the
Dead”
– Both cities shared urban design
and architectural features.
– 3 miles in circumference with
populations of 40,000

6. Carefully Planned Cities
civilizations survived for
around 500 years.
Both Harappa and
Mohenjo-Daro, two of
the largest among 500
sites
3 miles in
circumference with
around 40,000 people

7. Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa
To the north is a citadel or raised area.
In Mohenjo-Daro, the citadel is built on an architectural
platform about 45 feet above
the plain.
On the summit was a
huge communal bath.
Next to the large bath was
a huge open space—a granary
where food was stored from
possible floods.
Fortified walls mark the southeast corner.

8. Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa
•The lower city was laid out in a
gridiron with the main streets about
45 feet wide.
•Private houses, almost every one
with its own well, bathing space, and
toilet consisting of a brick seat over
a drainage area.
•Brick-lined drains flushed by water
carried liquid and solid waste to
sumps, where it was carted away,
probably to fertilize nearby fields.

9. ARCHITECTURE
• build on numerous mounds
(elevated grounds)
• Advanced architecture:Impressive
dockyardsGraineries,Warehouses
• Walled city
• Well planned streets
• Proper sanitation and drainage
system
• Baked brick houses
• Well built bathrooms
• Wells throughout the city
• Remarkable similarity of
architecture all over the civilization

10. LIVELIHOOD
The people of Indus hunted wildlife
animals and caught fish with nets and
hooks to eke out a living.
They domesticated a number of
animals from local wild species, including
dogs and cats, zebu or the humped cattle, short-horns and buffaloes,
and possibly pigs, camels, horses and asses (the later three used as
transport).
They may have domesticated the
elephant too, but the evidence for this is
also vague; the elephant was
represented on several of the excavated
Indus seals and its ivory was used for
crafts.

11. LIVING STANDARD
The economy of Indus Valley was also run
by trading goods. The coast and rivers
provided the inhabitants to an opportunity
to import gold from southern India, copper
from Afghanistan and the turquoise from
Iran. Researchers have also noted the
trade of Indus with Mesopotamia with the
discovery of Indus pottery serving as its
evidence. Food production was home-
grown.

12. TECHNOLOGY
• Measurements
Great accuracy in measurement in measuring mass length and time
― MASS:
― standard weights hexahedron in shape were found weights in the
ratio 5:2:1 (0.1,0.2,0.5 ; 1,2,5 ; 10 20 50 units)
― Each unit measuring about 28 grams
―Same as present day English imperial ounce system
― LENGTH:
― a scale with a precision of 1.704 mm was found
near lothal
― The smallest in the bronze age

13. TECHNOLOGY
Metallurgy
The people knew unconventional metallurgy and produced
These materials were used in the making of
ornaments utensils seals and artefacts etc
• Knowledge of dentistry
In 2006 it was announced that the oldest evidence of
drilling teeth in a living human was found in Mehrgarh
(IVC)
This claim was made on the basis of finding eleven
drilled teeth in nine men excavated from what
supposed to be a graveyard.
•Brass Copper
•Bronze Ivory

14. The Artifacts: Crafts and
the Arts
 Crafts of the Indus valley
included
Bead materials included:
pottery making, dyeing, metal working in
bronze, and bead making.
jade from the Himalayas,
lapis lazuli from Afghanistan,
turquoise from Persia,
amethyst from Mewar in India,
and steatite, which was found
locally.

15. Thank you
MADE BY :
ARUNA KAPUR,2A