information systems

1. Foundation concepts of information
systems
Instructor : Augustino Mwogosi
Room AB 205
0714696752
INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION
SYSTEMS(IM 111)
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2. TUNAVESHA
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3. Introduction
 As managers most of you will work for firms
that are intensively using information
systems you will be making large
investments in information technology.
 Successful firms are those who learn how to
use new technologies.
 Cell phones ,computers and online
conferencing over the internet have become
essential tools for business.
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4. Perspectives of IS
 Information technology(IT) consists of all the
hardware and software that a firm needs to use in
order to achieve its business objectives.
 Information system is a set of interrelated
components that collects(or retrieve),process,
store and distribute information to support
decision making and control in an organization.
 An information system (IS) can be any organized
combination of people, hardware, software,
communications networks, data resources, and
policies and procedures that stores, retrieves,
transforms, and disseminates information in an
organization.
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5. The Fundamental Roles of IS in
Organizations
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 There are three vital roles
that information systems
can perform for a business
enterprise:
 Support of business
processes and operations.
 Support of decision making
by employees and
managers.
 Support of strategies for
competitive advantage.

6. Why organizations invest so much
in IS?
 Information systems are essential for conducting
day-to-day business as well as achieving
strategic business objectives.
 Business invest heavily in IS to achieve the
following strategic business objectives :
 Operational excellence
 New products, services and business models
 Customer and supplier intimacy
 Improved decision making
 Competitive advantages
 Survival
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7. Components of Information
systems
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 It is a combination of five key components
 Data
 People
 procedures
 Objects(Software ,Hardware, Telecommunication
networks etc)

8. Data, information and
knowledge
 Before you can understand how information
systems work, it is important to distinguish
between data and information
 Data are raw facts(i.e recorded but unformatted)
examples TUDOM201800572
 Information is processed data, that is formatted
and more useful) Example T/UDOM/2018/00572
is a registration number of one of you here.
 Knowledge is the ability to understand
information, form opinions and make decisions or
predictions based on the information. Example
You must have knowledge to be aware that only
one UDOM registration number can uniquely
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9. Data, information, and
knowledge.
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10. Data, information and
knowledge
 Three activities in an information system
produce the information that organizations need
to make decisions, control operations, analyze
problems, and create new products or services.
 Input: Captures or collects raw data from within the
organization or from its external environment
 Processing: Convert raw input into a meaningful
form
 Output : Transfers processed information to the
people who will use it or to the activities for which it
will be used.
 Feedback –output that is returned to appropriate members
of the organization to help them evaluate or correct the
input stage
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11. Data, information and
knowledge
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12. People
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 People are the essential ingredient for the
successful operation of all information systems.
These people resources include end users and IS
specialists.
 End users (also called users or clients) are
people who use an information system or the
information it produces. They can be customers,
salespersons, engineers, clerks, accountants, or
managers and are found at all levels of an
organization. I
 IS specialists are people who develop, maintain,
manage, and study information systems.. They
include systems analysts, software developers,
system operators, and other managerial, technical,

13. IS Developers
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 People who DEVELOP Information systems
 Systems analyst: Responsible for analyzing
business requirements and selecting information
systems that meet those needs.
 Programmer: Responsible for coding, testing,
debugging, and installing programs.
 Systems consultant : Provide IS knowledge to
external clients

14. IS Maintainers
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 People who MAINTAIN Information systems
 IS auditor: Responsible for auditing information
systems and operating procedures for compliance
with internal and external standards
 Database administrator: Responsible for
managing database and database management
software use
 Webmaster: Responsible for managing the firm’s
Web site

15. IS Managers
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 People who MANAGE Information systems
 IS manager :Responsible for the management of
an existing information system
 IS security manager: Responsible for managing
security measures and disaster recovery
 Chief information officer :Highest-ranking IS
manager; responsible for strategic planning and IS
use throughout the firm

16. People who Study IS
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 People who STUDY Information systems
 Study University professor: Teach undergraduate
and graduate students; study the use of information
systems in organizations and society.
 Government scientist :Research and development
of information systems for homeland security,
intelligence, and other related applications.

17. IS Professional Core
Competencies
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 Technical Knowledge and Skills:
 Hardware Hardware platforms, infrastructure, virtualization, peripherals
 Software Operating systems, application software, drivers
 Networking Network operating systems, cabling and network interface
cards, local area networks, wide area
 networks, wireless, Internet, security
 Business Knowledge and Skills
 Business integration, industry Business processes, functional areas of
business and their integration, industry characteristics
 Managing people and projects Planning, organizing, leading, controlling,
managing people and projects
 Social Interpersonal, group dynamics, political
 Communication Verbal, written, and technological communication and
presentation
 Systems Knowledge and Skills
 Systems integration Connectivity, compatibility, integrating subsystems
and systems
 Development methodologies Steps in systems analysis and design,
systems development life cycle, alternative development methodologies
 Critical thinking Challenging one’s and others’ assumptions and ideas
 Problem solving Information gathering

18. Procedures
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 The actual steps and tasks that describe how
work is organized in a business are called
business processes.
 A business process is a logically related set of
activities that define how specific business tasks are
performed.
 Every business can be seen as a collection of
business processes.
 Large businesses have thousands of business
processes, some more important than others. To a
large extent, the efficiency of a business firm
depends on how well its business processes are
designed and coordinated.
 Many business processes are tied to a specific
functional area.

19. STAND UP LET’S DANCE
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21. Quiz One ( 10 Marks)
Why are information
systems so important
for running and
managing
businesses?
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