Stroke Rehabilitation document discusses:
1) Stroke is caused by interrupted blood flow to the brain and can cause sudden loss of neurological function.
2) Risk factors include cardiovascular diseases like hypertension and physical inactivity. Lifestyle changes like controlling blood pressure and quitting smoking can reduce stroke risk.
3) Physical therapy interventions focus on improving motor learning, sensory function, strength, movement control, and functional abilities like gait through techniques like mental practice, mirror therapy, and progressive resistance training.
This document provides information about strokes, including:
- Strokes are caused by interrupted blood flow to the brain and can be ischemic (80% of cases) or hemorrhagic.
- Risk factors include atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart disease, smoking, and high cholesterol. Modifiable risk factors are hypertension, diet, weight, smoking, and physical activity.
- Clinical features depend on the affected artery and may include weakness on one side of the body, sensory loss, aphasia, or visual field defects. Middle cerebral artery strokes commonly cause weakness of the face and arm.
The document provides information on neurologic emergencies and the nervous system. It discusses the anatomy of the nervous system including the central nervous system which is responsible for thought, perception, and autonomic functions, and the peripheral nervous system which transmits commands from the brain and receives feedback. It then covers specific topics like the diencephalon, brainstem, hypothalamus, lobes of the brain, neurons, neurotransmitters, strokes, transient ischemic attacks, coma, seizures, syncope, headaches, and different types of dementia.
This document provides an overview of clinical neuroanatomy and disorders of the nervous system. It begins by explaining why the study of the nervous system is important for understanding neurological diseases. It then outlines the functional and anatomical subdivisions of the nervous system. The remainder of the document discusses various neurological disorders categorized by the areas of the nervous system they affect, such as the peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junction, brainstem, basal ganglia, cerebellum, and memory/cognition. Examples of specific diseases are provided for each category.
Stroke is defined as a sudden loss of brain function caused by an interruption of blood flow to the brain. The document discusses the main types of stroke (ischemic and hemorrhagic), risk factors, clinical features, investigations, management, and rehabilitation. Management involves reperfusion therapy for ischemic strokes, controlling risk factors, preventing recurrence, managing complications, and rehabilitation to improve function.
Stroke occurs when there is inadequate blood flow to the brain resulting in cell death. It is a leading cause of death and disability. There are two main types - ischemic caused by clots or blockages cutting off blood flow, and hemorrhagic caused by bleeding within or around the brain. Strokes cause deficits varying by location but often involve motor, communication, cognitive and emotional impairments. Risk factors include hypertension, smoking, obesity, age, and heredity.
Stroke occurs when there is inadequate blood flow to the brain resulting in cell death. It is a leading cause of death and disability. There are two main types - ischemic caused by clots or blockages cutting off blood flow, and hemorrhagic caused by bleeding within or around the brain. Strokes cause deficits varying by location but often involve motor, communication, cognitive and emotional impairments. Risk factors include hypertension, smoking, obesity, age, and heredity.
The document discusses the etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs or strokes). It notes that the brain requires a continuous blood supply of oxygen and glucose, and that if blood flow is interrupted for over 30 seconds, neurologic metabolism is altered, stopping within 2 minutes and leading to cell death within 5 minutes. It identifies atherosclerosis and thrombus formation as major causes of strokes. It describes the anatomy of cerebral blood circulation and outlines the ischemic cascade of metabolic events that occurs during a stroke. Finally, it discusses rehabilitative therapies including kinesiotherapy, ergotherapy, speech therapy, neuropsychological evaluation and treatment, and the role of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation team.
This document provides information about strokes, including:
- Strokes are caused by interrupted blood flow to the brain and can be ischemic (80% of cases) or hemorrhagic.
- Risk factors include atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart disease, smoking, and high cholesterol. Modifiable risk factors are hypertension, diet, weight, smoking, and physical activity.
- Clinical features depend on the affected artery and may include weakness on one side of the body, sensory loss, aphasia, or visual field defects. Middle cerebral artery strokes commonly cause weakness of the face and arm.
The document provides information on neurologic emergencies and the nervous system. It discusses the anatomy of the nervous system including the central nervous system which is responsible for thought, perception, and autonomic functions, and the peripheral nervous system which transmits commands from the brain and receives feedback. It then covers specific topics like the diencephalon, brainstem, hypothalamus, lobes of the brain, neurons, neurotransmitters, strokes, transient ischemic attacks, coma, seizures, syncope, headaches, and different types of dementia.
This document provides an overview of clinical neuroanatomy and disorders of the nervous system. It begins by explaining why the study of the nervous system is important for understanding neurological diseases. It then outlines the functional and anatomical subdivisions of the nervous system. The remainder of the document discusses various neurological disorders categorized by the areas of the nervous system they affect, such as the peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junction, brainstem, basal ganglia, cerebellum, and memory/cognition. Examples of specific diseases are provided for each category.
Stroke is defined as a sudden loss of brain function caused by an interruption of blood flow to the brain. The document discusses the main types of stroke (ischemic and hemorrhagic), risk factors, clinical features, investigations, management, and rehabilitation. Management involves reperfusion therapy for ischemic strokes, controlling risk factors, preventing recurrence, managing complications, and rehabilitation to improve function.
Stroke occurs when there is inadequate blood flow to the brain resulting in cell death. It is a leading cause of death and disability. There are two main types - ischemic caused by clots or blockages cutting off blood flow, and hemorrhagic caused by bleeding within or around the brain. Strokes cause deficits varying by location but often involve motor, communication, cognitive and emotional impairments. Risk factors include hypertension, smoking, obesity, age, and heredity.
Stroke occurs when there is inadequate blood flow to the brain resulting in cell death. It is a leading cause of death and disability. There are two main types - ischemic caused by clots or blockages cutting off blood flow, and hemorrhagic caused by bleeding within or around the brain. Strokes cause deficits varying by location but often involve motor, communication, cognitive and emotional impairments. Risk factors include hypertension, smoking, obesity, age, and heredity.
The document discusses the etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs or strokes). It notes that the brain requires a continuous blood supply of oxygen and glucose, and that if blood flow is interrupted for over 30 seconds, neurologic metabolism is altered, stopping within 2 minutes and leading to cell death within 5 minutes. It identifies atherosclerosis and thrombus formation as major causes of strokes. It describes the anatomy of cerebral blood circulation and outlines the ischemic cascade of metabolic events that occurs during a stroke. Finally, it discusses rehabilitative therapies including kinesiotherapy, ergotherapy, speech therapy, neuropsychological evaluation and treatment, and the role of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation team.
This document provides information on cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) and transient ischemic attacks (TIA). It defines CVA and TIA, discusses their signs and symptoms, causes, types, diagnostic tests, management, and nursing care. The objectives are to define CVA and TIA, discuss their signs and symptoms and causes, explain the prevalence of stroke, differentiate the types of stroke, outline diagnostic tests, discuss management of stroke and TIA, and utilize nursing process in caring for these patients. It also discusses rehabilitation of stroke patients involving a multidisciplinary team.
Approach to a_patient_presenting_with_hemiplegiaalyaqdhan
1) A 60-year-old man presented with sudden onset right-sided hemiplegia upon waking.
2) On examination, he had right-sided weakness and sensory loss consistent with involvement of the left middle cerebral artery territory.
3) Brain imaging revealed an acute ischemic stroke in the left middle cerebral artery distribution, likely due to thrombotic occlusion of that vessel.
A stroke is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain results in cell death. There are two main types of stroke: ischemic, due to lack of blood flow, and hemorrhagic, due to bleeding.Both result in parts of the brain not functioning properly.
A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. The main causes are blood clots (ischemic stroke) or bleeding (hemorrhagic stroke). Symptoms depend on the affected brain region but may include weakness, numbness, vision issues, and speech problems. Risk factors include age, family history, diabetes, high blood pressure, smoking and obesity. Diagnosis involves physical exams, CT scans and MRI. Treatment focuses on rehabilitation to regain functions through therapies like occupational and physical therapy. Prevention emphasizes controlling risk factors through healthy lifestyle choices and medical management of conditions.
Quality of life in post stroke patients-role of nootorpilwebzforu
Nootropil is approved for the management and early recovery of symptoms of post-stroke sequelae of thrombotic origin by binding to neuronal cell membranes and improving membrane fluidity, glucose and oxygen uptake, and neurotransmitter functioning to limit neuronal damage and aid in early restoration of neuronal function. Guidelines recommend initiating Nootropil therapy with IV bolus to attain desired levels through collaterals to prevent further damage, followed by IV infusion and at least 12 weeks of oral administration for optimal results in recovering neurological functions after stroke. Certain clinical factors like paralysis lasting over 96 hours or permanent sensory loss indicate a poorer prognosis for recovery from stroke.
This document provides an overview of cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs), also known as strokes. It defines a CVA as a sudden loss of brain function caused by disrupted blood flow to the brain. It then discusses the types and classifications of strokes, risk factors, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, diagnostic findings, and statistics. The main points are: CVAs can be either ischemic, caused by clot/blockage, or hemorrhagic, caused by bleeding in the brain. Risk factors include age, gender, race, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, smoking, and diabetes. Diagnostic tools include CT, MRI, angiography and lumbar puncture to determine the specific cause and location of the stroke
CME ED APPROACH TO ALTERED MENTAL STATUS AND SEIZURES.pptxMohdZaid304984
This document provides an overview of approaches to altered mental status and seizures. It discusses evaluating the airway, breathing, circulation, disability, and exposure of patients presenting with these conditions. Major causes of altered mental status are organized using the AEIOU-TIPS mnemonic, covering conditions like acidosis, alcohol withdrawal, epilepsy/seizures, infection, overdose, underdose, trauma, tumors, temperature changes, insulin issues, poisoning, psychosis, and stroke. Seizures are classified and differential diagnoses discussed. The importance of a thorough history is emphasized to identify potential precipitating factors and guide diagnosis.
This document defines and describes cerebral vascular accidents (strokes). It notes that strokes are usually hemorrhagic or ischemic, and lists risk factors such as age, gender, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and diabetes. Clinical manifestations include motor deficits, communication problems, sensory disturbances, and cognitive impairments. Diagnosis involves imaging tests and physical exams. Prevention focuses on modifying risk factors. Treatment includes thrombolytics, anticoagulants, managing complications, and rehabilitation to achieve goals like improved mobility and communication.
This document summarizes the post-operative course of a 16-year-old male who was admitted following a motor vehicle accident with multiple injuries including a head injury. On post-operative day 1, the patient was stable with no pain and normal vital signs. On post-operative day 2, the patient remained stable and comfortable with slightly dilated pupils on the right side. Potential differential diagnoses discussed include local anesthetic systemic toxicity, total spinal anesthesia, and brachial plexus injury resulting in Horner's syndrome.
This document provides an overview of cerebrovascular accident (CVA), also known as stroke. It begins with definitions of CVA and discusses the anatomy of blood supply to the brain. It then covers the epidemiology, causes, risk factors, types, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, management, complications, prognosis, and rehabilitation of CVA. CVA is caused by interrupted blood flow to the brain, depriving it of oxygen and nutrients. The main causes are ischemia (blockage of an artery) and hemorrhage (bleeding). Risk factors include hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and high cholesterol. Treatment involves restoring blood flow, preventing further complications, and long-term rehabilitation. Prognosis depends on
The document discusses several neuromuscular disabilities and brain injuries including epilepsy, cerebral palsy, traumatic brain injury, and muscular dystrophy. It provides information on the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment/interventions for each condition. Epilepsy is caused by brief electrical disturbances in the brain and can be generalized or partial. Cerebral palsy is caused by damage to the developing brain and presents with motor impairments. Traumatic brain injury results from external forces to the head and requires acute, subacute, and chronic treatment. Muscular dystrophy involves inherited muscle weakness and wasting that worsens over time.
This document provides information on several neuromuscular disabilities and brain injuries including epilepsy, cerebral palsy, traumatic brain injury, and muscular dystrophy. It discusses the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment/interventions for each condition. Key points include that epilepsy is caused by brief disturbances in brain electrical activity; cerebral palsy is a group of disorders affecting movement and is usually non-progressive; traumatic brain injury results from external forces to the head; and muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder involving progressive muscle weakness and loss of tissue.
1. A stroke occurs when a blood vessel carrying oxygen and nutrients to the brain is blocked by a clot or ruptures, cutting off blood flow and causing brain cells to die.
2. There are two main types of stroke - ischemic caused by a clot and hemorrhagic caused by a ruptured blood vessel.
3. FAST is a mnemonic used to recognize the most common stroke symptoms - facial drooping, arm weakness, speech difficulties, and time to call emergency services.
1. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as motor neuron disease, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects upper and lower motor neurons.
2. The disease causes muscle weakness, disability, and eventually death, with annual incidence rates of 1-3 cases per 100,000 people.
3. While ALS is typically a sporadic disease, about 10% of cases are familial or genetic. The disease progresses relentlessly over time, typically beginning in the limbs or bulbar region and spreading to other areas.
This document defines stroke as the sudden loss of neurological function caused by an interruption of blood flow to the brain. It classifies strokes as either ischemic, caused by a clot blocking blood flow, or hemorrhagic, caused by a ruptured blood vessel. Risk factors include hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and smoking. Symptoms vary depending on the affected brain region but may include weakness, sensory changes, speech problems, and visual issues. Complications can include muscle contractures, seizures, and cardiac or pulmonary issues.
This document provides an overview of stroke including definitions, types, risk factors, signs and symptoms, assessments, and management. The key points are:
- Stroke is caused by interrupted blood flow to the brain and is classified as ischemic (caused by clot) or hemorrhagic (caused by bleeding).
- Risk factors include modifiable factors like hypertension, smoking, and diabetes as well as non-modifiable factors like age and heredity.
- Signs and symptoms vary depending on the affected brain region but may include weakness, sensory loss, vision issues, and speech problems.
- Assessments include imaging tests, neurological exam, and functional outcome measures to evaluate impair
This document provides an overview of an orthopedic physical assessment. It discusses taking a thorough patient history, observing the patient, examining range of motion and muscle strength through active and passive movements, performing special tests, assessing joint play and palpation findings, and ordering diagnostic imaging when needed. The goal of an assessment is to evaluate objective findings and relate them to the patient's subjective symptoms to reach an accurate diagnosis.
Gait analysis is the study of human locomotion, including walking and running. A single gait cycle, known as a stride, involves a stance phase when the foot is on the ground and a swing phase when it is not. Key events in the gait cycle include weight acceptance, single limb support, and limb advancement. Understanding normal gait is important for detecting and correcting deviations. Common gait assessment scales for neurological disorders include the Tinetti Gait Scale, Rivermead Visual Gait Assessment, and Gait Assessment and Intervention Tool. Wearable technology has shown validity and reliability for analyzing running gait compared to laboratory standards.
This document provides information on cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) and transient ischemic attacks (TIA). It defines CVA and TIA, discusses their signs and symptoms, causes, types, diagnostic tests, management, and nursing care. The objectives are to define CVA and TIA, discuss their signs and symptoms and causes, explain the prevalence of stroke, differentiate the types of stroke, outline diagnostic tests, discuss management of stroke and TIA, and utilize nursing process in caring for these patients. It also discusses rehabilitation of stroke patients involving a multidisciplinary team.
Approach to a_patient_presenting_with_hemiplegiaalyaqdhan
1) A 60-year-old man presented with sudden onset right-sided hemiplegia upon waking.
2) On examination, he had right-sided weakness and sensory loss consistent with involvement of the left middle cerebral artery territory.
3) Brain imaging revealed an acute ischemic stroke in the left middle cerebral artery distribution, likely due to thrombotic occlusion of that vessel.
A stroke is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain results in cell death. There are two main types of stroke: ischemic, due to lack of blood flow, and hemorrhagic, due to bleeding.Both result in parts of the brain not functioning properly.
A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. The main causes are blood clots (ischemic stroke) or bleeding (hemorrhagic stroke). Symptoms depend on the affected brain region but may include weakness, numbness, vision issues, and speech problems. Risk factors include age, family history, diabetes, high blood pressure, smoking and obesity. Diagnosis involves physical exams, CT scans and MRI. Treatment focuses on rehabilitation to regain functions through therapies like occupational and physical therapy. Prevention emphasizes controlling risk factors through healthy lifestyle choices and medical management of conditions.
Quality of life in post stroke patients-role of nootorpilwebzforu
Nootropil is approved for the management and early recovery of symptoms of post-stroke sequelae of thrombotic origin by binding to neuronal cell membranes and improving membrane fluidity, glucose and oxygen uptake, and neurotransmitter functioning to limit neuronal damage and aid in early restoration of neuronal function. Guidelines recommend initiating Nootropil therapy with IV bolus to attain desired levels through collaterals to prevent further damage, followed by IV infusion and at least 12 weeks of oral administration for optimal results in recovering neurological functions after stroke. Certain clinical factors like paralysis lasting over 96 hours or permanent sensory loss indicate a poorer prognosis for recovery from stroke.
This document provides an overview of cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs), also known as strokes. It defines a CVA as a sudden loss of brain function caused by disrupted blood flow to the brain. It then discusses the types and classifications of strokes, risk factors, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, diagnostic findings, and statistics. The main points are: CVAs can be either ischemic, caused by clot/blockage, or hemorrhagic, caused by bleeding in the brain. Risk factors include age, gender, race, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, smoking, and diabetes. Diagnostic tools include CT, MRI, angiography and lumbar puncture to determine the specific cause and location of the stroke
CME ED APPROACH TO ALTERED MENTAL STATUS AND SEIZURES.pptxMohdZaid304984
This document provides an overview of approaches to altered mental status and seizures. It discusses evaluating the airway, breathing, circulation, disability, and exposure of patients presenting with these conditions. Major causes of altered mental status are organized using the AEIOU-TIPS mnemonic, covering conditions like acidosis, alcohol withdrawal, epilepsy/seizures, infection, overdose, underdose, trauma, tumors, temperature changes, insulin issues, poisoning, psychosis, and stroke. Seizures are classified and differential diagnoses discussed. The importance of a thorough history is emphasized to identify potential precipitating factors and guide diagnosis.
This document defines and describes cerebral vascular accidents (strokes). It notes that strokes are usually hemorrhagic or ischemic, and lists risk factors such as age, gender, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and diabetes. Clinical manifestations include motor deficits, communication problems, sensory disturbances, and cognitive impairments. Diagnosis involves imaging tests and physical exams. Prevention focuses on modifying risk factors. Treatment includes thrombolytics, anticoagulants, managing complications, and rehabilitation to achieve goals like improved mobility and communication.
This document summarizes the post-operative course of a 16-year-old male who was admitted following a motor vehicle accident with multiple injuries including a head injury. On post-operative day 1, the patient was stable with no pain and normal vital signs. On post-operative day 2, the patient remained stable and comfortable with slightly dilated pupils on the right side. Potential differential diagnoses discussed include local anesthetic systemic toxicity, total spinal anesthesia, and brachial plexus injury resulting in Horner's syndrome.
This document provides an overview of cerebrovascular accident (CVA), also known as stroke. It begins with definitions of CVA and discusses the anatomy of blood supply to the brain. It then covers the epidemiology, causes, risk factors, types, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, management, complications, prognosis, and rehabilitation of CVA. CVA is caused by interrupted blood flow to the brain, depriving it of oxygen and nutrients. The main causes are ischemia (blockage of an artery) and hemorrhage (bleeding). Risk factors include hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and high cholesterol. Treatment involves restoring blood flow, preventing further complications, and long-term rehabilitation. Prognosis depends on
The document discusses several neuromuscular disabilities and brain injuries including epilepsy, cerebral palsy, traumatic brain injury, and muscular dystrophy. It provides information on the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment/interventions for each condition. Epilepsy is caused by brief electrical disturbances in the brain and can be generalized or partial. Cerebral palsy is caused by damage to the developing brain and presents with motor impairments. Traumatic brain injury results from external forces to the head and requires acute, subacute, and chronic treatment. Muscular dystrophy involves inherited muscle weakness and wasting that worsens over time.
This document provides information on several neuromuscular disabilities and brain injuries including epilepsy, cerebral palsy, traumatic brain injury, and muscular dystrophy. It discusses the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment/interventions for each condition. Key points include that epilepsy is caused by brief disturbances in brain electrical activity; cerebral palsy is a group of disorders affecting movement and is usually non-progressive; traumatic brain injury results from external forces to the head; and muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder involving progressive muscle weakness and loss of tissue.
1. A stroke occurs when a blood vessel carrying oxygen and nutrients to the brain is blocked by a clot or ruptures, cutting off blood flow and causing brain cells to die.
2. There are two main types of stroke - ischemic caused by a clot and hemorrhagic caused by a ruptured blood vessel.
3. FAST is a mnemonic used to recognize the most common stroke symptoms - facial drooping, arm weakness, speech difficulties, and time to call emergency services.
1. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as motor neuron disease, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects upper and lower motor neurons.
2. The disease causes muscle weakness, disability, and eventually death, with annual incidence rates of 1-3 cases per 100,000 people.
3. While ALS is typically a sporadic disease, about 10% of cases are familial or genetic. The disease progresses relentlessly over time, typically beginning in the limbs or bulbar region and spreading to other areas.
This document defines stroke as the sudden loss of neurological function caused by an interruption of blood flow to the brain. It classifies strokes as either ischemic, caused by a clot blocking blood flow, or hemorrhagic, caused by a ruptured blood vessel. Risk factors include hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and smoking. Symptoms vary depending on the affected brain region but may include weakness, sensory changes, speech problems, and visual issues. Complications can include muscle contractures, seizures, and cardiac or pulmonary issues.
This document provides an overview of stroke including definitions, types, risk factors, signs and symptoms, assessments, and management. The key points are:
- Stroke is caused by interrupted blood flow to the brain and is classified as ischemic (caused by clot) or hemorrhagic (caused by bleeding).
- Risk factors include modifiable factors like hypertension, smoking, and diabetes as well as non-modifiable factors like age and heredity.
- Signs and symptoms vary depending on the affected brain region but may include weakness, sensory loss, vision issues, and speech problems.
- Assessments include imaging tests, neurological exam, and functional outcome measures to evaluate impair
This document provides an overview of an orthopedic physical assessment. It discusses taking a thorough patient history, observing the patient, examining range of motion and muscle strength through active and passive movements, performing special tests, assessing joint play and palpation findings, and ordering diagnostic imaging when needed. The goal of an assessment is to evaluate objective findings and relate them to the patient's subjective symptoms to reach an accurate diagnosis.
Gait analysis is the study of human locomotion, including walking and running. A single gait cycle, known as a stride, involves a stance phase when the foot is on the ground and a swing phase when it is not. Key events in the gait cycle include weight acceptance, single limb support, and limb advancement. Understanding normal gait is important for detecting and correcting deviations. Common gait assessment scales for neurological disorders include the Tinetti Gait Scale, Rivermead Visual Gait Assessment, and Gait Assessment and Intervention Tool. Wearable technology has shown validity and reliability for analyzing running gait compared to laboratory standards.
This document discusses the initial management of acute sports injuries. It covers the pathology and healing process of injuries, including the acute, sub-acute, and remodeling phases. It also discusses assessing injuries using the TOTAPS method (talk, observe, touch, active movement, passive movement, skills test). For initial treatment, it recommends the RICER method (rest, ice, compression, elevation, referral) and avoiding the use of heat, massage, running, alcohol (HARM) in the first 24-72 hours. The goal of initial management is to reduce damage, swelling, and bleeding and improve healing time and quality.
A concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury caused by a blow or jolt to the head that causes the brain to move rapidly back and forth. Common causes include falls, motor vehicle accidents, and sports injuries. Symptoms may include headache, dizziness, nausea, and sensitivity to light and sound. While many people recover within weeks, others have persistent symptoms. Physical therapists can help treat issues related to the cervical spine, vestibular system, exercise tolerance, and balance through exercises and education.
The document discusses dental injuries, their causes, and immediate treatment. It notes that over 80% of dental injuries involve the upper teeth, and outdoor activities and sports like baseball and basketball are common causes of injuries in children ages 7-12. Immediate treatment for a knocked out tooth within 5 minutes includes trying to place the tooth back in the socket, rinsing it with water, and storing it in milk or saliva before seeing a dentist. Proper treatment is needed within 15 minutes to avoid permanent damage. Mouthguards can help protect teeth during athletic activities by absorbing impact forces.
Evaluation of Non-Life Threatening Inj - 2.pptmosa99
This document discusses the evaluation and treatment of non-life threatening injuries. It describes two common evaluation formats: HOPS and SOAP. HOPS involves taking a history, observing the injury, palpating the affected area, and performing special tests. SOAP stands for subjective, objective, assessment, and plan. For treatment, it recommends PRICES which includes protection, rest, ice, compression, elevation, and support. Ice therapy, splinting, and other basic first aid measures are also outlined.
Dental injuries are the most common type of oral and facial injury sustained during sports participation. Every athlete has around a 10% chance each season of an oral injury or 33-56% chance during their career. The highest incidence of dental injuries in male athletes is in wrestling and basketball, while in female athletes it is in field hockey and basketball. Mouth guards can help prevent dental injuries, with custom-made mouth guards providing the best protection. Common dental injuries include fractured teeth, tooth avulsion where the tooth is knocked out, and tooth intrusion where the tooth is pushed into the gums. Prompt treatment and the use of properly fitted mouth guards can help reduce the risk of dental injuries for athletes.
Can Allopathy and Homeopathy Be Used Together in India.pdfDharma Homoeopathy
This article explores the potential for combining allopathy and homeopathy in India, examining the benefits, challenges, and the emerging field of integrative medicine.
KEY Points of Leicester travel clinic In London doc.docxNX Healthcare
In order to protect visitors' safety and wellbeing, Travel Clinic Leicester offers a wide range of travel-related health treatments, including individualized counseling and vaccines. Our team of medical experts specializes in getting people ready for international travel, with a particular emphasis on vaccines and health consultations to prevent travel-related illnesses. We provide a range of travel-related services, such as health concerns unique to a trip, prevention of malaria, and travel-related medical supplies. Our clinic is dedicated to providing top-notch care, keeping abreast of the most recent recommendations for vaccinations and travel health precautions. The goal of Travel Clinic Leicester is to keep you safe and well-rested no matter what kind of travel you choose—business, pleasure, or adventure.
Dr. David Greene R3 stem cell Breakthroughs: Stem Cell Therapy in CardiologyR3 Stem Cell
Dr. David Greene, founder and CEO of R3 Stem Cell, is at the forefront of groundbreaking research in the field of cardiology, focusing on the transformative potential of stem cell therapy. His latest work emphasizes innovative approaches to treating heart disease, aiming to repair damaged heart tissue and improve heart function through the use of advanced stem cell techniques. This research promises not only to enhance the quality of life for patients with chronic heart conditions but also to pave the way for new, more effective treatments. Dr. Greene's work is notable for its focus on safety, efficacy, and the potential to significantly reduce the need for invasive surgeries and long-term medication, positioning stem cell therapy as a key player in the future of cardiac care.
PET CT beginners Guide covers some of the underrepresented topics in PET CTMiadAlsulami
This lecture briefly covers some of the underrepresented topics in Molecular imaging with cases , such as:
- Primary pleural tumors and pleural metastases.
- Distinguishing between MPM and Talc Pleurodesis.
- Urological tumors.
- The role of FDG PET in NET.
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Rate Controlled Drug Delivery Systems, Activation Modulated Drug Delivery Systems, Mechanically activated, pH activated, Enzyme activated, Osmotic activated Drug Delivery Systems, Feedback regulated Drug Delivery Systems systems are discussed here.
TEST BANK For Accounting Information Systems, 3rd Edition by Vernon Richardso...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For Accounting Information Systems, 3rd Edition by Vernon Richardson, Verified Chapters 1 - 18, Complete Newest Version
TEST BANK For Accounting Information Systems, 3rd Edition by Vernon Richardson, Verified Chapters 1 - 18, Complete Newest Version
TEST BANK For Accounting Information Systems, 3rd Edition by Vernon Richardson, Verified Chapters 1 - 18, Complete Newest Version
Under Pressure : Kenneth Kruk's StrategyKenneth Kruk
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Healthy Eating Habits:
Understanding Nutrition Labels: Teaches how to read and interpret food labels, focusing on serving sizes, calorie intake, and nutrients to limit or include.
Tips for Healthy Eating: Offers practical advice such as incorporating a variety of foods, practicing moderation, staying hydrated, and eating mindfully.
Benefits of Regular Exercise:
Physical Benefits: Discusses how exercise aids in weight management, muscle and bone health, cardiovascular health, and flexibility.
Mental Benefits: Explains the psychological advantages, including stress reduction, improved mood, and better sleep.
Tips for Staying Active:
Encourages consistency, variety in exercises, setting realistic goals, and finding enjoyable activities to maintain motivation.
Maintaining a Balanced Lifestyle:
Integrating Nutrition and Exercise: Suggests meal planning and incorporating physical activity into daily routines.
Monitoring Progress: Recommends tracking food intake and exercise, regular health check-ups, and provides tips for achieving balance, such as getting sufficient sleep, managing stress, and staying socially active.
Empowering ACOs: Leveraging Quality Management Tools for MIPS and BeyondHealth Catalyst
Join us as we delve into the crucial realm of quality reporting for MSSP (Medicare Shared Savings Program) Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).
In this session, we will explore how a robust quality management solution can empower your organization to meet regulatory requirements and improve processes for MIPS reporting and internal quality programs. Learn how our MeasureAble application enables compliance and fosters continuous improvement.
MBC Support Group for Black Women – Insights in Genetic Testing.pdfbkling
Christina Spears, breast cancer genetic counselor at the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, joined us for the MBC Support Group for Black Women to discuss the importance of genetic testing in communities of color and answer pressing questions.
2. Topics
• EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ETIOLOGY
• RISK FACTORS AND STROKE PREVENTION
• PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
• CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF STROKE.
• NEUROLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND
ASSOCIATED CONDITIONS
• PHYSICAL THERAPY INTERVENTIONS
3. • Stroke (cerebrovascular accident [CVA]) is the sudden loss of
neurological function caused by an interruption of the blood
flow to the brain. Ischemic stroke is the most common type,
affecting about 80% of individuals with stroke, and results
when a clot blocks or impairs blood flow, depriving the brain
of essential oxygen and nutrients. Hemorrhagic stroke occurs
when blood vessels rupture, causing leakage of blood in or
around the brain.
4. EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ETIOLOGY
• Stroke is the fourth leading cause of death and the leading
cause of long-term disability among adults in the United
States. The incidence of stroke increases dramatically with
age, doubling in the decade after 65 years of age. Twenty-
eight percent of strokes occur in individuals younger than 65
years of age. hemorrhagic stroke accounts for the largest
number of deaths, with mortality rates of 37% to 38% at
1month ischemic strokes have a mortality rate of only 8% to
12% at 1 month.
6. RISK FACTORS AND STROKE
PREVENTION
• Cardiovascular diseases
• hypertension,
• heart disease (HD),
• disorders of heart rhythm,
• diabetes mellitus (DM).
• (hypercholesterolemia) low-density lipoprotein (LDL [“bad”])
• Cardiac disorders such as rheumatic heart valvular disease,
endocarditis, or cardiac surgery (e.g., coronary artery bypass
graft [CABG]) increase the risk of embolic stroke.
7. RISK FACTORS AND STROKE
PREVENTION (con’t)
• Modifiable risk factors include cigarette smoking, physical
inactivity, obesity, and diet.
• Lifestyle changes can greatly reduce the risk of stroke
• Recommendations include controlling BP, diet (cholesterol
and lipids), weight loss, quitting smoking, and
• increasing physical activity, as well as effective disease
management
8. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
• Sudden cessation of cerebral blood flow and oxygen glucose
deprivation sets in motion a series of pathological events.
Within minutes neurons die within the ischemic core tissue,
while the majority of neurons in the surrounding penumbra
survive for a slightly longer time. Cell survival depends
largely on the severity and the duration of the ischemic
episode. The release of excess neurotransmitters (e.g.,
glutamate and aspartate) produces a progressive
disturbance of energy metabolism and anoxic depolarization
9. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (con’t)
• This results in an inability of brain cells to produce energy,
particularly adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This results in an
inability of brain cells to produce energy, particularly
adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This is followed by excess
influx of calcium ions and pump failure of the neuronal
membrane
10. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (con’t)
• Ischemic strokes produce cerebral edema, an accumulation
of fluids within the brain that begins within minutes of the
insult and reaches a maximum by 3 to 4 days. It is the result
of tissue necrosis and widespread rupture of cell membranes
with movement of fluid from the blood into brain tissues.
The swelling gradually subsides and generally disappears by
2 to 3 weeks
11. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (con’t)
• Significant edema can elevate intracranial pressures, leading
to intracranial hypertension and neurological deterioration
associated with contralateral and caudal shifts of brain
structures (brainstem herniation). Clinical signs of elevating
intracranial pressure (ICP) include decreasing level of
consciousness (stupor and coma), widened pulse pressure,
increased heart rate, irregular respirations (Cheyne-Stokes
respirations), vomiting, unreacting pupils (cranial nerve [CN]
III signs), and papilledema.
12. Clinical Manifestations of Anterior
Cerebral Artery Syndrome
Contralateral hemiparesis involving mainly the LE (UE is
more spared)
Contralateral hemisensory loss involving mainly the LE (UE is
more spared)
Urinary incontinence
Problems with imitation and bimanual tasks, apraxia
Abulia (akinetic mutism), slowness, delay, lack of
spontaneity, motor inaction
Contralateral grasp reflex, sucking reflex Can be
asymptomatic if circle of Willis is competent
13. Clinical Manifestations of Middle
Cerebral Artery Syndrome
Contralateral hemiparesis involving mainly the UE and face (LE is more
spared)
Contralateral hemisensory loss involving mainly the UE and face (LE is
more spared)
Motor speech impairment: Broca’s or nonfluent aphasia with limited
vocabulary and slow, hesitant speech
Receptive speech impairment: Wernicke’s or fluent aphasia with
impaired auditory comprehension and fluent speech with normal rate
and melody Global aphasia: nonfluent speech with poor comprehension
Perceptual deficits: unilateral neglect, depth perception, spatial
relations, agnosia Limb-kinetic apraxia
Contralateral homonymous hemianopsia Loss of conjugate gaze to the
opposite side
Ataxia of contralateral limb(s) (sensory ataxia) Pure motor hemiplegia
(lacunar stroke)
14. Clinical Manifestations of Posterior
Cerebral Artery Syndrome
• Contralateral homonymous Hemianopsia
Visual agnosia
Prosopagnosia (difficulty naming people on sight) Dyslexia
(difficulty reading) without agraphia (difficulty writing),
color naming (anomia), and color discrimination problems
Memory defect
Contralateral hemiplegia
Oculomotor nerve palsy
15. Clinical Manifestations of
Vertebrobasilar Artery Syndrome
• Medial medullary syndrome :
Ipsilateral to lesion Paralysis with atrophy of half the tongue
with deviation to the paralyzed side when tongue is
protrudeddrome .
Contralateral to lesion :Paralysis of UE and LE
Impaired tactile and proprioceptive sense
16. Complete basilar artery syndrome (locked-in syndrome) :
Tetraplegia (quadriplegia)
Bilateral cranial nerve palsy: upward gaze is spared
Coma
Cognition is spared
17. Neurological complications and associations
conditions
• Altered Consciousness(coma, decreased arousal levels)
• Disorders of Speech and Language
• Dysphagia
• Cognitive Dysfunction
• Multi-infarct dementia
• Delirium
• Altered Emotional Status
18. • Hemispheric Behavioral Differences
• Perceptual Dysfunction
• Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction
• Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Dysfunction
• Seizures
• Deep Venous hrombosis and
• Pulmonary Embolus
19. Physical therapy interventions
• Strategies to improve motor learning
Mental practice or mental rehearsal is the systematic
application of imagery techniques for improving
performance and learning.( During early motor learning the
therapist provides extrinsic feedback (e.g., verbal cueing,
manual cueing), and manual guidance to shape
performance)
Mirror therapy (MT) is a therapeutic intervention that
focuses on moving the less impaired limb while watching its
mirror reflection
20. • Interventions to improve sensory
Mirror therapy for improving detection of light touch,
pressure, and temperature pain
Thermal stimulation intervention for improving rate of
recovery of sensation
Intermittent pneumatic compression for improving tactile
and kinesthetic sensation
21. • Interventions to improve hemianopsia and
unilateral neglect
visual, verbal, or motor cues
Imagine you are a lighthouse beam; use your beam to sweep
and scan the floor from one side to the other reaching
activities or PNF chop or lift patterns
22. • Interventions to improve flexibility and joint
integrity:
Soft tissue/joint mobilization and ROM exercises
Positioning strategies are also important in maintaining soft
tissue length
23. • Interventions to improve strength:
• Progressive resistive strength training
• Combining resistance training
24. • Interventions to manage spasticity:
early mobilization and daily stretching to maintain the
length of spastic muscles and soft tissues and promote
optimal positioning
Modalities can be used to treat spasticity. These include the
application of cold, massage, and electrical stimulation.
Orthotic devices
25. • Interventions to improve movement control:
voluntary movement control
postural control,
26. • Interventions to improve functional status:
Bed Mobility
Sitting
Sit-to-Stand and Sit-Down
Transfers
Standing Transfers
Ischemic
stroke is the most common type, affecting about 80% of
individuals with stroke, and results when a clot blocks or
impairs blood flow, depriving the brain of essential oxygen
and nutrients. Hemorrhagic stroke occurs when blood
vessels rupture, causing leakage of blood in or around
the brain.
A number of stroke risk factors are specific to women.
Women with early menopause (before 42 years of age)
have twice the risk of ischemic stroke as women with the use of estrogen alone or estrogen
plus progestin increases the risk of ischemic stroke (up
to 44% to 55% or higher).
later menopause.
Cerebral edema is the most frequent cause of death in acute stroke
and is characteristic of large infarcts involving the middle
cerebral artery and the internal carotid artery.
Mental practice can be facilitated through the use of audiotapes and has been
successfully combined with physical practice to enhance UE recovery121 and LE recovery and walking ability (gait speed) in patients with stroke
FunctionSensory retraining programs include use of
mirror therapy (previously discussed), repetitive sensory
discrimination activities, bilateral simultaneous movements,
and repetitive task practice (e.g., sensorimotor
integrative treatment with its focus on normalizing tone,
practice of functional activity, and use of augmented
sensory cues).
Sensory stimulation intervention includes
compression techniques (weight-bearing, manual compression,
inflatable pressure splints, intermittent pneumatic
compression), mobilizations, electrical stimulation,
thermal stimulation, or magnetic stimulation