Perovskite solar cells (PSC)

1. PEROVSKITE
SOLAR CELL (PSC)
Submitted by
Kaavya B
II Msc Physics

2. OUTLINE
•PSC
•What is perovskite material ?
•Principle
•PSC Structure
•Working
•Making perovskite cells
•Perovskite deposition methods
•Advantages
•Disadvantages
•Facts

3. PSC
•It is a type of solar cells which
includes a perovskite structured
compound as the light –
harvesting active layer.
•It has prominent attention from
2012.

4. What is perovskite material?
•It is a material with crystal structure
ABX3 eg., CaTiO3
•Most commonly studied perovskite
absorber is methylammonium lead
trihalide.
•They possess intrinsic properties like
broad absorption spectrum, fast charge
separation, long transparent distance of
electrons and holes, long carrier
separation lifetime.

5. Perovskite structure

6. Principle
Photo – electric Effect

7. PSC Structure
•Substrate
•Transparent electrode
•Electron Transporting Layer (ETL)
•Perovskite
•Hole Transporting Layer (HTL)
•Metallic Electrode
are the parts of PSC

8. PSC Structure
•It consists of a transparent electrode
like ITO/FTO on a glass surface.
•On the ITO/FTO there is an ETL.
•On top of the ETL is the perovskite
layer which is the active layer where
the light photon is absorbed and an
electron – hole pair is excited.

9. PSC Structure
•On top of the perovskite layer is
the HTL and lastly a metallic
electrode.
•The transparent electrode and the
metallic electrode are connected to
create a closed circuit cell.

10. PSC Structure

11. Working
• Photons from sunlight reach the
perovskite layer through the glass
and the transparent electrode.
•In the perovskite layer the photon
is absorbed and gets excited.

12. Working
•The excited photon is separated to
free charge carriers by the internal
potential created from the work
function difference between the
transparent electrode and metallic
electrode.
•The electrons are transported to the
ETL

13. Working
•The holes are transported to the
HTL.
•From there the electrons are
transported to the transparent
electrode and the hole to the
metallic electrode.

14. Working
•Then the electron moves through
the wire connecting the 2
electrodes and a current is
produced by the moving electrons.
•In the metallic electrode the
electrons and holes recombine.

15. Working

16. Making PSC
The steps involved in making
perovskite cells are
•Cleaning of substrate
•Spray pyrolysis of compact TiO2
•Spin coating of mesoporous TiO2
•Perovskite deposition
•Spin coating of spiro – OMe TAD
•Gold deposition by CVD

17. Procedure
•The substrate is cleaned in ultrasonic
bath, distilled water and acetone and
dried using oven.
•Transparent electrode – The compact
TiO2 is done by the spray pyrolysis of
the precursor solution over the
substrate. The substrates are to be
kept 30 minutes on hotplate at 500°C

18. Procedure
•ETL – The TiO2 nanoparticle is
then applied to the substrate
using a spin coater to form the
mesophorous TiO2 layer.
•The prepared perovskite solution
is applied by spin coating in one
step or two step.

19. Procedure
•HTL – The doped spiro – OMe TAD
solution is spin coated over the
prepared substrate.
•Metallic Electrode – Gold metal is
deposited by chemical vapor
deposition technique.

20. Procedure

21. Perovskite deposition
methods
•One step solution deposition – A
perovskite precursor solution
which is prepared by mixing lead
halide & organic halide together is
directly deposited by various
coating methods.

22. Perovskite deposition
methods
•Two step solution deposition – The
lead halide is first deposited then
reacts with organic halide to form
perovskite film.

23. Advantages
•Higher efficiency
•Economically feasible
•They are more flexible
•Easy to prepare

24. Disadvantages
•Gold electrode is used which is
costly.
•They have short life span.

25. Facts !!!
•Perovskite is a mineral that was
found in the Ural mountains.
•A perovskite structure is any
compound that has the same
structure as the perovskite mineral.
•It was named after mineralogist Lev
Perovski.