philosophy realism

1. REALISMREALISM
World is a realWorld is a real

2. REALISMREALISM
• Like idealism, realism is one of the oldest
philosophies in Western culture.
• Realism derived from a Greek word, “Res"
which means real.
• The world is real and material.

3. Modern DevelopmentModern Development
Francis BaconFrancis Bacon
• He claimed to take all knowledge as his field
of investigation.
• Perhaps his most famous work is Novum
Organum.
• Bacon believed “knowledge is power,” and it
was through the acquisition of knowledge that
we could more effectively deal with the
problems.

4. John LockeJohn Locke
• Locke how we develop knowledge.
• For Locke, there are no such things as innate
ideas.
• At birth the mind is like a blank sheet of paper,
a tabula rasa, upon which ideas are imprinted.
In this way, all knowledge is obtained from the
free sources of mind.

5. Classical tradition
• According to Aristotle, ideas (or form), such as the
idea of god or the idea of a tree, can exist without
matter, but there can be no matter without form.
Sound comes from things that exist.
• For example; a falling tree makes sound. Therefore,
tree exists
• Aristotle's Concept of the Four Causes:
• The Material Cause
• The Formal Cause
• The Efficient Cause
• The Final Cause

6. Difference between Plato andDifference between Plato and
Aristotle;Aristotle;
• Aristotle (384-322 B.C.)
– Should study matter.
– Logical reasoning through his relevance.
• Plato (428-347 B.C.)
– Most study ideas.
– Truth and logic through the logical discussion.

7. Religious RealismReligious Realism
• According to Aquinas, God created matter out
of nothing and God is the unmoved mover
who gives meaning and purpose to the
universe.
• Primary agencies of education are family,
God, and state, respectively.

8. Realism as a philosophy ofRealism as a philosophy of
EducationEducation
• Aims of Education
• Methods of Education
• Curriculum
• Role of Teacher

9. Aims of educationAims of education
• Preparing the child for a happy and successful
life.
• Developing the physical and mental powers of
child.
• Imparting vocational education.
• Developing and training of senses.
• Preparing the child for a real life.
• Character Development.

10. Methods of EducationMethods of Education
• Herbart developed a five-step method as follows:
– Preparation, Presentation, Association,
Generalization, Application
• Emphasis on critical reasoning through observation.
• Supports formal ways of teaching.
• Children should be given positive rewards (Locke).
• Scientific research and development.
• Precision and order: ringing bells, time periods, daily
lesson plans, and prepackaged curriculum materials.

11. CurriculumCurriculum
• According to Locke, in agreement that studies be
practical and useful.
• Locke emphasized the educational value of play and
physical activity.
• He believed that children should spend much time in
the open air.
• He focused his attention upon the complete person.
• Locke was the first to use images in the educational
process.

12. Role of TeacherRole of Teacher
• The teacher according to realist is expected to have a
full knowledge of the content and needs of the
students.
• Should have knowledge of child psychology &
should have undergone training.
• Prepares the students to receive new information.
• Inspires and encourages the student sympathetically.

13. Realism in the ClassroomRealism in the Classroom
• Focuses on the basics of reading, writing and
arithmetic.
• Classroom environment is highly structured
and organized.
• Utilization of standardized testing.
• Education should be fun and interesting for the
student.
• Education should prepare students for life in
the real world.

14. Critique of Realism in EducationCritique of Realism in Education
• Great stress upon physical world.
• Realism accepts real needs and real feelings
only. It doesn't believe in imagination and
sentiments.
• Realism emphasizes on scientific subjects and
neglects art and literature. This creates
imbalanced curriculum.
• Doesn't give any importance to ideals and
values.