Realism believes that the physical world alone is objective and real. It regards the material world of everyday life as true, contrary to idealism. According to realism, the external world exists independently of ideas and consists of objects, not ideas. All knowledge is derived from experience of the real world through the senses. Realism emphasizes education that prepares students for practical life through scientific study and developing their physical and mental abilities to solve life's problems. The curriculum focuses on scientific subjects with arts and literature as secondary. Teaching methods emphasize understanding through direct experience and application of knowledge.

2. REALISM

3. •Realism is a philosophy of the twentieth
century.
•Realism is based on the belief that the
physical world alone is objective. Quite
contrary to idealism, realism regards the
worldly realities of everyday life as true.

4. What is Realism?
•According to realism, the external world is a
reality. It is a world of objects and not ideas.
•The material creation is mortal and flexible
but it does not mean that it has no existence.
The idealist regards the existence of this
creation as dependent on ideas.
•According to the realist the universe does not
depend on ideas.

5. • For example, the Social realists of the 17th
century advocated a period of travel, a grand
tour, which would give real experience of the
varied aspects of life.
•Sense realists of the 18th century believed
that ‘senses are the gateways of all
knowledge’ and they sought to displace
literary and linguistic studies by scientific
studies of real things.

6. Chief Exponents of Realism
• Aristotle
• St. Thomas Aquinas
• John Locke

7. Principles of Education
•Education is preparation for life
•Truth has to be discovered with the help of
scientific methods.
•All knowledge is derived from experience.

8. Basic concepts
•Realism is concerned with the study of the world we
live in.
•Realism believes that all knowledge is derived from
experience.
•Everything that exists in the universe is a matter of
energy or matter in motion.
•Physical universe is operated by natural laws.

9. • Truth can be discovered by Scientific methods.
• Study of Science and technology is important.
• They give primary importance to rationality there is little room for
‘faith’ or ‘belief’ in, God. ‘God’, is merely a concept, not a reality.

10. Important Characteristics
•Emphasized purposive education
•Emphasis on present life of child
•Emphasis on experiments, experiences and
application of knowledge.
•Child should be given full freedom to develop
his self according to his innate tendencies.
•Training of senses of child is another
important characteristics

11. Aims of Education
•Realistic education is to prepare the child for
a real and practical life.
•Developing the physical and mental powers
of the child so that with the help of his
developed intelligence, discrimination and
judgement, he is able to solve all the
problems of life.
•Developing and training of senses.
•Importing vocational education.

12. Curriculum
•The child should have freedom to choose suitable
subjects from the curriculum according to his
ability.
• Scientific subjects as main whereas arts and
literature as subsidiary.
•Subjects of curriculum should include physics,
chemistry, mathematics, life sciences and their
application, social sciences and also literature.
•Teaching of mother tongue is the foundation of all
development and vocational subject which are
essential for livelihood.

13. Methods of Teaching
•According to realism, any good method of
teaching should enable the student to gain
understandings.
•Whatever is taught must be learnt easily,
pleasantly, meaningfully and thoroughly.
•Only one thing should be taught at a time
and there should be proper sequence in
teaching. Socratic Method of teaching is
preferable.

14. Discipline
• The school should be organized in such a way that the
child could attain self-discipline.
• He should learn to control his feelings and desires and
to perform his duties.
• It is required to enable the child to adjust to his
environment. It helps the child in concentrating on his
studies.

15. Role of teachers
• Realism does not attach much importance to the
personality of the teacher.
• The realist also does not give any importance to the
opinion of the teacher.
• The teacher is only a guide to children.
• children to the problems of life and the world around.

16. Weaknesses and Limitations of Realism
•It neglects the study of Arts, Humanities and
Literature which are essential for aesthetic
development, social development, social
change and promotion and transmission of
culture.
•It undermines the role of importance of a
teacher in the educational system.
• It does not give importance to ideals and
values.