Cultural Dissonance

Cultural Dissonance
Cultural dissonance is an uncomfortable sense of discord, disharmony, confusion or conflict experienced by people in the midst of change in their
cultural environment. When I migrated to Australia a few years back, it was the first time I had travelled to a Western country. I went shopping to a
supermarket and asked the Sales Assistant for a specific ingredient which we use for cooking. He could not understand my English accent and called
the manager for help. When the manager came to help us, I explained the ingredient which I wanted and was trying to explain her use of the ingredient.
The manager could not understand what I was explaining and midway she told me that first I should go and learn English in a manner that Australians
can... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
327–43.
http://www.studymode.com/essays/Explain–Each–Of–Ethnocentric–Polycentric–Regiocentric–577450.html
http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples–of–ethnocentrism.html
Deresky, H. & Christopher, E., 2012, International management : managing cultural diversity, Pearson
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Mps Case
1
IHRM Homework 10.12.12 MPS
1 Diagnose and prioritise what you see to be the crucial IHRM for Jim issues.
Medical Precision Systems (from now on MPS) have a HR strategy with the intentions of gaining strong control over its subsidiaries through the
extensive use of expatriate managers in both technical and managerial areas of the business. Expatriate managers have been told to try to keep the
unions out or to ensure that they have a minimal influence. The main issue with MPS IHR strategy is that they are using an ethnocentric approach
where they export their HR strategy to foreign countries. It's different working environment, culture and mentality between the local subsidiaries'
workforce and its American ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Unions should also be tolerated by the MPS leaders, because their importance in some of the European countries. They need to start communicating
with the unions instead of trying to keep them out. When it comes to setting goals for the different subsidiaries this should be set in a cooperation
between leader from the specific subsidiaries and the leaders from MPS. Goals and set by just the MPS top leaders can because they don't have the
fully information maybe not be achievable. The subsidiaries will also get a higher motivation if they have to achieve goals that they have set
themselves. Another thing that can be very interesting is to create cross border career paths within the company. This can help motivate the
workforce and on the other hand give a more value fore the company in cross cultural teams and gain more experience in how to manage cross
cultural challenges. With doing these things and give the subsidiary the possibility to create "their own" HR strategy this will also help the company
with adapting to different cultures, and also give them knowledge about which factors employees in the specific country cherish. Maybe the old
strategy has a high focus and use a lot of money on a factor that the employees in the specific country don't appreciate.
3
3. Justify who you think should be key players

COO Effect
2.3 Effects of Country of Origin on consumers
Several scholars have researched the process of how COO effects impact on consumer's perceptions, product evaluations and purchase intensions. It can
be explained by the theory of 'Halo Effect'; 'Summary Construct' and 'Combined Halo and Summary Construct'.
2.3.1 Halo Effect Model
Han (1989) examine the role of COO image in consumer evaluations of televisions and automobiles. He suggests that when consumers are not familiar
with the product's intrinsic cues, they tend to utilize COO cue as a "halo" from which consumers can infer product attributes and quality in order to
simplify their decision making process. It can indirectly affect consumers' product/brand attitudes through their inferential ... Show more content on
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The more additional product information that are presented, the weaker COO effects on consumers' product evaluations. If consumers have a source
country of the product as a single cue, all perceptions and characteristics about the product can only be inferred on the basis of COO image (Han,
1989). However, if COO together with other extrinsic cues such as price, brand are presented, a product's COO effect on consumer purchasing
decisions will be diluted since more marketing–stimulus as reliable information input are conducted into consumers' information processing (Elliot and
Cameron, 1994; Jaffe & Nebenzahl, 2001; Kalicharan, 2014). The COO may be an important element in the perceptions consumers have of products
and services especially where little other information is known.
2.4.3 Consumer
1) Product knowledge
Maheswaran (1994) found that the case of the existence of unambiguous information for a specific product (in his case: computers), experienced
consumers make their choices based on the evaluation of specific product attributes; whereas less experienced consumers rely on the country of origin.
On the other hand, when information is lacking or is ambiguous, both types of consumers rely on country of origin to infer the quality of the product.
2) Involvement
a.

Directed by Dennis O'Rourke, the Film, Cannibal Tours, is...
1.This film is called Cannibal Tours. The subject group is primitive tribespeople and their villages in the Sepik River, Papua New Guinea. The film's
producer/director is Dennis O'Rourke. 2.The era of the film is 1978. With symbolism, intense observation and interesting humour, Cannibal Tours
eliminates the cultural assumptions with these tribespeople by talking and interviewing them to investigate how they feel about their lifestyle and the
tourists that come to visit. It explores the differences and similarities between civilized and primitive people. 3.Historical Context: Throughout the film,
there are a lot of references and short voiceovers or clips of things that are related to the implementation of postmodernity. I believe it's trying to
symbolize the attempt society makes to suppress bad memories of genocides on which modernity was built. Hence, the ambition behind this
postmodernity is to try and stop history. But, it is not possible to repress the past without denying the future. Therefore, the neglect continues
throughout the film. Political Context: In the Sepik River tribe community, there isn't much of a government–type leader. The people live to their own
rules and do as they think is correct. A majority of the community is run by income from the tourists and thus from this, the society thrives. Economic
Context: The European and American tourists travel from village to village through the Sepik River and haggle the tribespeople for their local

Ethnocentrism: What Is Ethnocentrism?
Ethnocentrism
The world ethno comes from Greek and refers to a people, nation, or cultural grouping, while centric comes from Latin and refers, of course to the
centre. The term ethnocentrism then refers to the tendency for each society to place its own culture patterns at the centre of things. Ethnocentrism is
the practice of comparing other cultural practices with those of one's own and automatically finding those other cultural practices to be inferior. It is
the habit of each group taking for granted the superiority of its culture. It makes our culture into a yardstick with which to measure all other cultures as
good or bad, high or low, right or queer in proportion as they resemble ours.
The theoretical concept of ethnocentrism, as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Greek root word xeno, pronounced "ZEE–no" means "stranger". Xenocentrism is a culturally based tendency to value other cultures more highly
than one's own. On the basis of this feeling, the products, styles, ideas and values of one's society are regarded as inferior to that of other societies.
For example, people in India often assume that British lifestyle (dress pattern, etc.), French fashion or Japanese electronic devices (TV, tape recorders,
mobile set, washing machines, etc.) and Swiss watches are superior to their

Ethnocentrism And Ethnocentrism
Looking at the World we live in today there are many different cultures in many different countries all over the place. Ethnocentrism and Cultural
Relativism are two terms with great disparity that are viewed differently all over the country. As it is defined, ethnocentrism is the idea of judging
another culture with comparison with one's own cultural point of view. In other words, it is the thought of being superior to divergent cultures. On the
other side of the spectrum is the expression cultural relativism, and that is the design that the value and actions of one culture should not be used to
determine the standards of the people inside of a culture. Many Anthropologists have studied the cultivation of different places all around the world in
the study of perspectives shown throughout their cultural views and ideas. As shown in "The Native's Point of View" (Welsch 2014:116). It is very
important that Anthropologists are able to study ethnographic research throughout observations in fieldwork. They try to work with people and
understand their norms and their everyday lives compared to other cultures and such. Norms are things that may seem normal in a certain culture. One
norm may differ from another and they vary on which ones matter and those who don't. The concept of ethnocentrism is often viewed by
anthropologists as a two way street. People judge other cultures and the people being judged are feel compelled to do the same. The Western world for
many centuries had

Examples Of Ethnoculturalism In The Visitor
One of example of discrimination in the film comes from Tarek's arrest. The NYPD assume that Tarek has jumped the turnstop while entering the
subway even though he paid. When Tarek tries to tell the police that he paid for the subway ride he is ignored. Even when Walter tries to stick up for
Tarek and possibly use his own white privilege to tell the police that Tarek paid he is silenced.Ethnocentrism is also displayed once Tarek is placed in
the detention center because in the waiting room of the detention center is a picture of the statue of liberty, representing freedom and justice. It seems a
bit ironic that a symbol for freedom and opportunity are painted on the inside of a detention center for immigrants pending deportation.
Another reference to marginalization and oppression is displayed with the scene when Zanaib, Mouna and Walter go and meet with an attorney for
Tarek. When talking about what the options are for Tarek the lawyer responds, "It's very black and white, either you belong or you don't" (The
Visitor, 2007). This perspective marginalizes many people. On a broader level, this is an ethnocentric approach in that other cultures are being judged
based on what the "normal" culture and standards are. One of the consequences of ethnocentrism is that another culture might feel judged, isolated and
forced to assimilate. The lawyer might have had his own first hand experience with this. The lawyer appears to be an immigrant himself or had family
who came to

Brand Preference
POLYTECHNIC OF NAMIBIA
SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT
DEPT. OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
(RMA411S)
ASSESMENT 1
Student name: Rachel N. Nuukunde
Student number: 201030020
Lecturer: Dr. Geoffrey Nambira
Due date: 10 March 2012 at 10h00pm
Table of contents Pages 1.1 Topic of the study 3 1.2 Introduction 3 1.3 Statement of the problem... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Especially for the market as far as the present study is concerned. It will analyze what impact domestic products and imported has on brand
preference. Thai is if Namibian consumers are willing to purchase imported products or domestic products. This study will also serve as source and
guidance for future research, not only Namibian retailers as well as the two accompanying companies may also benefit strategically for their products.
Conducting this research will also benefit me as a researcher as I will also gain some knowledge regarding ethnocentrism of Namibian dairy consumers.
1.8 Limitations
Time management would be the number one problem that will hinder the researcher from completing the study successfully. The feedback from the
respondents may also be biased as they may give false information.
1.9 Delimitations
This study is only bound in Windhoek. This means consumers from other part of the country are excluded in the study. This is done to limit the time
spent while conducting the study as well as the cost to e incurred.
1.10 Summarization of the articles
Article 1
Chimboza, D., & Mutandwa, E. (2007). Measuring the determinants of the preference in a dairy product market. African journal of business

management, pp. 230–237.
This study was conducted in Chitungwaza and Harare urban markets in Zimbabwe as the target market. The purpose of the study was to assess the
level of the brand awareness and factors

Ethnocentrism In The Military
When I see the word ethnocentrism before I knew what it actually meant. I always thought of it as term used only with African Americans people
but used in some sort of played down way not to offend or be looked at as racist. There has been times when I hear someone say something about an
African American person hair and say things like "That is ethnic hair" to avoid saying it is nappy or dreaded. I would just ignore it and think in my mind
like wow they are trying hard not seem racist. It was for me going to the Army's Equal Opportunity Leaders Course was then I was finally educated on
terms such as discrimination and ethnocentrism. It showed me that I had to fix my way of thinking even though I never looked at anyone's race as
inferior but

Theory Of Consumer Ethnocentrism
Consumer ethnocentrism is in the last two decades become one of the research trends, and the results show that high level of ethnocentrism reduces
willingness to buy imports. The main concept of consumer ethnocentrism was developed by Shimp 1984. He established that the ethnocentrism is
belief that it is moral/immoral to buy foreign products. Sharma, Shimp and Shin in 1994 confirmed consumer tendencies in overvaluation of domestic
products. This was start and the begining of accepting a consumer ethnocentrism which is based on the idea that the buying domestic products is not just
economic but also moral obligation. Ethnocentric consumer thinks that buyers of foreign products are responsible for economic problems, such as
unemployment. On the other hand buyers who are not ethnocentric are buying products with the best price and quality. Domestic firms used this
concept in their favour to atract more customers. Consumer ethnocentrism is strongly linked to the appeal of domestic companies and governments to ...
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(1993) propose capital, empathy, cost, and accountability as possible mediators in the process between consumer ethnocentrism and readiness to
purchase imported products. The explanation of these variables lies in the logic that ethnocentric consumers will perceive international competition as
something that is not fair to the domestic industry. This will then force consumers to buy domestic products, which increases empathy for members of
the internal group, and increases readiness for further purchase of domestic products. Ethnocentric consumers will also ignore personal costs by
purchasing domestic products. Another important variable is certainly the effect of the "country of origin". Han (1988) includes the country of origin
as a variable that dictates the relationship between consumer patriotism and the intent of buying. Namely, consumers of expressed patriotism will
moreover buy domestic products, and avoid buying products of foreign

Ethnocentrism in America
The United States of America was founded on July 4, 1776. Seeking a life free of the British Government, a host of immigrants founded a new nation.
Because the United States was created by the migration of people from various parts of the world, it is sometimes described as a "melting pot." Along
with their personal possessions, these immigrants brought their respective cultures and traditions as they meshed together into a new society. Despite
being categorized together as citizens of the same country, the independent traditions and lifestyles of humankind have created challenges throughout
history. It is important for Americans to share a sense of pride, patriotism and loyalty. Equally important, however, is the need for respect regarding
differences and individualism. Ethnocentrism is a barrier between understanding culture and diversity.
Ethnocentrism is defined as, "having or based on the idea that your own group or culture is better or more important than others." Society is impacted
by everything from media exposure to political agendas. A good example of this can be found in America's recent history with countries in theMiddle
East. Issues ranging from energy and oil to a campaign against terrorism have created strained relationships between the United States and countries
such as Iraq and Afghanistan. As a result, it is nearly impossible to watch an evening news program on American television that does not contain a
story related to current events in the Middle

Ethnocentrism Is A Basic Attitude Expressing The Belief...
ETHNOCENTRISM
Ethnocentrism is a basic attitude expressing the belief that one?s own ethnic group or one?s own culture is superior to other ethnic groups or cultures,
and that one?s cultural standards can be applied in a universal manner. The term was first used by the American sociologist William Graham Sumner
(1840?1910) to describe the view that one?s own culture can be considered central, while other cultures or religious traditions are reduced to a less
prominent role. Ethnocentrism is closely related to other attitudinal indicators for racism, xenophobia, prejudice, mental closure, and, more generally, an
authoritarian personality structure. Ethnocentrism is widely used in research on social and political attitudes because it proves to be a very powerful
and easily identifiable attitude that can be measured in a valid manner with a limited number of variables. Although ethnocentric prejudice can be
directed toward one specific outsider group, empirical research reveals that usually ethnocentrism is generalized toward all outsider groups.
Although ethnocentrism is closely related to racism, it can be distinguished from racism because it does not involve necessarily a negative vision
toward other races. Any culturally distinct outsider group (whether the distinction involves language, religion, color, or descent) can be targeted by
ethnocentric attitudes. In practice, European researchers often tend to avoid using the term?racism?because they are reluctant to apply the

Prejudice And Ethnocentrism
Culture is defined in the textbook as learned beliefs, values, rules, norms, symbols, and traditions that are common to a group of people. In the
dictionary it is defined as the sum of attitudes, customs, and beliefs that distinguishes one group of people from another. Both definitions of culture are
very similar. There are two factors, in culture, that inhibit cultural awareness and they are prejudice and ethnocentrism. Prejudice is defined as a largely
fixed attitude, belief, or emotion held by an individual about another individual or group that is based on unsubstantiated data. Prejudice is a
preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience. Prejudice can harm or cause injury from some action or judgement.
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The GLOBE research program recognized nine cultural dimensions: uncertainty avoidance, power distance, institutional collectivism, in–group
collectivism, gender egalitarianism, assertiveness, future orientation, performance orientation, and humane orientation.
Uncertainty avoidance is when an organization or group create procedures to avoid uncertainty in the cultures rules, structures, and laws of different
cultures.
Power distance is the way cultures create levels due to power, authority, prestige, status, wealth, and material assets.
Institutional collectivism is whether cultures classify social interest rather than individual goals and accomplishments.
In–group collectivism is when groups express pride, loyalty, and cohesiveness in organizations and families.
Gender egalitarianism is a society minimized gender roles and promotes gender equality. It determines the role a member plays in a group depending
on biological sex.
Assertiveness is when a person or group is aggressive, confrontational, and assertive in social relationships.
Future orientation is when people or group is concerned, plan and organize for the future instead of the

Ethnocentrism And Ethnocentrism
September of 1939 began the second World War which drastically changed the world and how we view it. Hitler was a huge impact on many of
lives, creating an army of Nazi soldiers with a goal of wiping out the entire Jewish population. This ethnic cleansing, known as the Holocaust, resulted
in over six million Jewish deaths and is now known as the deadliest and most destructive time in history. The concept that many people can not grasp
is how Hitler was able to succeed all of these murders. The war around them was an enormous impact on Hitler's ability to eliminate the Jews. During
the time period of World War II, the surrounding war was most conducive to allowing Hitler conduct the attempted ethnic cleansing because of
ethnocentrism, powerful countries were distracted by war, and the economy was poor. In order to be effective, Hitler used ethnocentrism to succeed
and conduct his attempt at ethnic cleansing during World War II. Ethnocentrism has to do with the belief that one ethnicity is superior to another.
According to the article, "Sa WWII Historical Introduction" (2008), "The Nazis held that the only true Germans were "Aryans," or people with
northern European physical characteristics. Aryans, they claimed, formed a "master race" which had a right to conquer additional territory for
exploitation and colonization and to exterminate all "inferior" races who stood in the way," (para. 12). Therefore, the Nazis were able to get further
because they thought they were helping

Cultural Relativism In American Culture
Anthropology is a broad study of the products and precedents of human behavior. These products and precedents include the study of material objects,
institutions and factors that contribute to social change and understanding of human behavior. In studying human behavior, ethnocentrism and cultural
relativism will be examined as these concepts expose the authors (McDonnell 2016). Male domination will also be considered while examining these
concepts as an important trait in the Afghan society.
Ethnocentrism is an idea supported by a mixture of beliefs that one's own culture is superior to any other culture. The ideas, foreign ways, and values of
them are less human or less rational (McDonnell 2016).
Cultural relativism, on the other hand, is the understanding of people and culture on their own terms. Understanding that all cultures have a qualitative
difference from our own culture and that they have their own inner logic (McDonnell 2016).
In the culture practice of Bacha Bazi (2001), whereby young boys dress up as women and dance for wealthy men that is against the law in
Afghanistan. It is a form of sexual slavery and many boys are exploited and some are murdered. In the class video "Dancing Boys", the journalist
Najibullah and the producer Doran both were ethnocentric. How Najibullah goes to Afghanistan with a method agenda to film about this practice and
expose it on a deeper level and the producer Doran putting other speakers in the video that give statements that are

Ethnocentrism Essay
Dr. Wayne Dyer once stated that "the ultimate ignorance is the rejection of something you know nothing about." This ignorance has been found in
humanity time and time again, and has been the root of unparalleled devastation. The rejection of other cultures is a troubling trait that has persisted
throughout the ages, and must be put to a stop. Mankind's biggest flaw is its belief that one culture is superior to another, thus practicing ethnocentrism,
which leads to conflict.
As mentioned above, ethnocentrism is the instance of one culture believing they are superior to another. This false sense of superiority has been the
beginning of discrimination across the ages. In the short story "By Any Other Name" ethnocentrism is demonstrated clearly when an English
teacher moves an Indian girl to the back of the room "because Indians cheat" (Rama Rau 2). This woman discriminated against a little girl whom she
had just met solely because she believed that the girl's culture was inferior to her own. This arrogance can often lead to the victim feeling as if their
culture is undesirable, and they often feel compelled to conform to the so called "superior" culture. Likewise in a letter written by the caring father of
a young boy, the father claims that his Native American boy is being bullied relentlessly by the majority of his Kindergarten classmates on account of
his heritage and culture. The forced assimilation was quickly taken note of by his father, and he soon spoke out against it.

Designing A Sales Subsidiary Structure
In the organizational context, I recommend Winch–It to adopt 'Sales subsidiary structure'. I judged that it was the most appropriate stages to dive in
among the four stages of internationalization considering the company's situation and attitude. In the staffing context, I recommend Winch–It to take
the ethnocentric approach in the staffing context and the balance sheet approach in international compensation. Finally, in international performance
management, I listed several issues need to be concerned and suggested adopt not 'TCN role conception' but 'PCN role conception'. Introduction The
main object of this portfolio is to provide the board with useful advice for Winch–It to develop an international business. Since they are uncertain of
what type of organizational structure they would build for international operations and what country to expand, I reflected the board's demand and
explanation of the company's current situation mostly than other variables to compose my recommendations. The organizational context I would like
to recommend Winch–It to adopt 'Sales subsidiary structure'. Typically, initial stage for manufacturing firms entering international operations is
exporting. Therefore, theoretically the optimal organizational structure for Winch–it which has no experience of in establishing any form of oversea
operation is 'Export department structure'. However, I would like to take a more realistic approach than this. The board is confident that Winch–It

Culture and Ethnocentrism
Are we limited in knowledge, in imagination, and in understanding by the culture we grow up in? In other words, are we ethnocentric, and if so is it a
bad thing? To answer that, one must understand what ethnocentrism is. According to Macionis (2004), ethnocentrism is "the practice of judging another
culture by the standards of one's own culture".
We are not born with culture; culture is a socially learned behavior, or set of values that a given groups holds as a norm and are considered to be true
and right. It is these cultural norms that connect the individuals of the group, which make up a society. No society can exist without culture and no
culture can exist without a society (Giddens, Duneier, & Applebaum, 2002). The two are... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
And the extreme negative perspective imposes their cultural values and beliefs on others, insisting they adapt and conform, leaving their cultural
norms behind where they will cease to exist (Manon, 1999). In comparing a show such as the Iron Chef within the realm of ethnocentrism, the most
noticeable differences would be the type of competition displayed. The Iron Chef has been referred to as "A mix between Godzilla, wrestling, and
Julia Child" (Iron Chef, n.d.). The cooking shows that we are culturally accustomed to viewing are nothing like the Iron Chef, and in fact, pales in
comparison. The Iron Chef is a symbol for what the Japanese culture revered as the bushido; or the way of the warrior, hence the fierce competition
between the chefs. This samurai tradition was once deeply engrained in Japanese tradition; however remains only as nostalgia today, yet the spirit came
alive within the show, the Iron Chef (Shotokai, n.d.). Unlike our cooking shows, the Iron Chef does not teach cooking techniques, although the
audience will inevitably contain students and chefs alike. US television show audiences are usually made up of people purchasing tickets or standing
in line to watch the taping of the show, and are allowed free admittance. The competition was to create an outstanding and creative looking food that
tastes as good as it looks within a time limit of 45 minutes. This could

Ethnocentrism In Walla
In my observation of Walla Walla University I have seen ethnocentrism being a prominent part of the campus's culture. Ethnocentrism is a commonly
used word in circles where ethnicity, inter–ethnic relations, and similar social issues are of concern. The definition of ethnocentrism is the belief that
one's culture and way of life are superior of other groups. This causes judging among different groups and assumptions that there are inferior groups to
your own. The roots of the word are ethnic and centrism, ethnic means cultural heritage and, centrism means to the central starting point. Put them
together and ethnocentrism basically refers to judging other groups from our own cultural point of view. It's true "we reject those outside our group, our
customs, our food, our traditions, our music, our religion, our beliefs and values." We think that our lifestyle is somehow much better than those of
other societies. The questions I found out through my observation of WWU was why do people do this. I asked some people if they thought they were
ethnocentric and the results showed that most people think that they are not ethnocentric, but are rather open minded to other cultures. As I will
explain in my writing that this their response isn't true at all and that everyone is ethnocentric. There is no way not to be ethnocentric and it cannot be
avoided. In my project I will cover examples of ethnocentrism in the Walla Walla University campus, describe the functions and dysfunctions

Ethnocentrism Examples
What is ethnocentrism, and in today's world is ethnocentrism still in existence; if so why. So, what is ethnocentrism, it's simply making judgment as
to one's race or culture as to their beliefs, values, and customs to which they believe in; or what constitutes their lifestyles. In other words, believing
that own race is superior over their own and thinking their better than anyone else; or above the rest (as to race); while judging their existence as to
how we portray them. However, this belief has stemmed for centuries, and is nothing we have seen or already been a custom too; for it hasn't showed
much change over the past several decades. Therefore, meaning that "ethnocentrism is such a robust phenomenon that is was recognized as a... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While this has gone on for many years, and continues today no one should every have to be labeled by another, or judged by any means; this is known
as ethnocentric (a natural response to other culture that aren't alike our own). One example, my husband is Pacific Islander from Guam; however,
when we go place people look at him and automatically labeling him as Hispanic or Asian because of his skin tone and his dialogue. Another
example of ethnocentrism, "if we go to a store and ask for a green coat and the sales clerk gives us a blue one, we would think the person was color
blind at the best or stupid at the worst" (Barger 2016, pg. 1). That maybe the clerk cannot distinguish the differences as to "color;" just like race we
naturally label them as to their color by putting them in a group to which best resembles themselves.
However, ethnocentrism is not among every type of tribe, but it does demonstrate itself among other social groups; like in our own communities
through that of diversity; damaging one's own practices (known as prejudice). For instance, when were refer to those individuals of black descent in a
reification sense, we put them into a classification, (or group) based on their creed to which they belong; by symbolization to which we conduct
through the entities of social order and reformation. Just like with Asian Americans, we assume they are different because their beliefs aren't a custom
to what

Cultural Diversity and Louie
Introduction
1) Does Louie have a problem, or are the people who made the negative comments about Louie just being too sensitive?
According to the article, the manager named Louie does have problem. The people who made the negative comments are not being too sensitive since
the comments about him are true although he may not realize that. Louie has discrimination problem against female (para.3 and 8), homosexual (para.
4), older people (para. 5) and other races of people were judged by him with his own perception which might be wrong. (para. 7)
As we saw from study case, Louie insulted a female customer to discuss with her husband in order to get new exhaust system instead of making
decision by her. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Then, the company faces the problem of losing customers.
Therefore, company has to take Louie's problem seriously. Company has to be careful when take correct approach to solve the problem. The approach
should be effective and simultaneously will not upset Louie.
3) What improvement might Louie need to make to become a truly multicultural manager?
There are some improvements that Louie can make in order for him to be a more efficient manager in a diverse workplace.
First of all, Louie can be more open–minded and down to the earth in today's modern world. Louie can learn to value the differences of other people
and respect their opinions. Louie had to respect customers by accepting and adopting their value and believes. Louie should be humble and ask for
other people ideas or opinions when making decision due to the differences of ideas that shared among each others will help Louie to learn others
culture. At the same time, listening to others' ideas and experiences is a way to understand other from different situations and different perspectives.
Besides that, Louie should enhance himself with personal ethnic and soft skills. Louie should not have the idea of genders, homosexual and senior
citizens discrimination. It is essential for Louie to leave those outdate opinion behind. Therefore, Louie is encouraged to go for training

Ethnocentrism
(Ethnocentrism vs. Cultural Relativism)
As a Sociologist, should we practice Cultural Ethnocentrism or Cultural Relativism?
We must first understand the two distinct theories regarding perception of outside cultures: Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism. Ethnocentrism is
judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one's own culture.[1] The ethnocentric individual will judge other groups relative to his or
her own particular ethnic group or culture, especially with concern to language, behavior, customs, and religion – these ethnic distinctions and
subdivisions serve to define each ethnicity's unique cultural identity.[2] The logical alternative to ethnocentrism is Cultural relativism, the practice of
judging a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We live in a rapidly changing world, which is increasingly bringing people of various cultures in closer interaction with each other. This interaction can
be positive or negative depending on the level of sensitivity and respect people have for other cultural groups. Negative attitudes towards other cultures
and/or ethnic groups arise out of ethnocentrism, while positive attitudes are the result of a culturally relativist approach. If people are going to be
successful in today's multicultural, informative society, they will need to develop a culturally sensitive frame of reference and mode of operation.
Some of the pros/strengths that Cultural relativism presents are listed below: 1. It encourages respect and tolerance for all cultures and societies. 2. By
extension, it advocates for equality among and between cultures 3. It encourages a sense of unity within a culture by maintaining that all are bound by
the same rules. 4. It warns us against assuming that all of our own cultural practices are based on some "absolute rational standard". 5. It stresses the
benefits of keeping an open mind and not rushing to judgment.
Cultural relativism suggests that whatever any culture does is acceptable and we must positively judge other cultures' practices–it is "right" for them.
Who am I to judge differently? Cultural relativism arises out of a concern not to impose our cultural values on other cultures. The problem with
believing that all values are

Ethnocentrism In Avatar
The film, Avatar, depicts humans colonizing Pandora, a lavish livable moon in the Alpha Centauri star framework, so as to mine the mineral
"unobtanium" controlled by the Na'vi, the native of Pandora (Cameron & Landau, 2009). Jake Sully, a handicap ex–marine, tasked to infiltrate the
place, known as Pandora, in his given avatar suit to assist the military in blending into Pandora. In this essay, the Avatar film shows ethnocentrism and
romanticism being displayed.
According to Lundberg(2015), ethnocentrism is the belief of one's culture is prevalent than the other. In Avatar, the head administrator of RDA, Parker
Selfridge, blatantly shows no admiration to the native of Pandora. He addresses the Na'vi as "blue monkeys" and "savages". In additional, ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Romanticism is where traditional people being seen as presenting a better past when humans were at one with nature (Lundberg, 2015). One of the
scenes where romanticism clearly uncovered is when Neytiri (Na'vi princess) teaching Juke Sully the most proficient method to ride on the direhorse,
the prerequisite for it is for him to bond with the direhorse. To bond with a direhorse, Jake Sully must mount on it and connect his neural queue found
at the end of his hair braid and the horse's neural queue found at the end of the horse's antenna. Once both neural queue touches, the optic–fiber like
wires found in both ends of neural queue automatically intertwines (Cameron & Landau, 2009). This bond signifies the connection between the
horse and Jake sully is essential, sacred. Through this bond, he is able to communicate with the direhorse or to share their history or memories
(Tucker, n.d.). An additional scene is when Jake Sully experiences risk in the Pandora woods, being assaulted by a couple viperwolves in the
Pandora backwoods. At the point when an excess of viperwolves comes at him, he can no longer battle for himself. At that basic minute, Neytiri
rescues him by killing one of the viperwolves but she offers her prayers to the viperwolve that she killed.(Cameron & Landau, 2009). To the Na'vi,
the viperwolves in the forest are scared as they are part of the forest whereas to Jake Sully, the

Ethnocentrism In Beauty
In our culture today there is an abundance of social rules of do's and don'ts in public which can be said about every culture. I like to believe this is
list is what defines a culture as well as what makes all cultures different and unique from each other. What I would like to know is if ethnocentrism
has shaped or is visible. I want to know if the beauty industry in the west is influenced by the ways in which we view cultures differently from out
history, I want to know how members of society are treated differently based on their ethnicity, and how people are treated in the professional
world based on their world views. When Beauty comes to mind I imagine catwalks in France or time square lit up as all of the women walk down
the runway in magnificently strange dresses that you would never wear to anything but are perfect for ten seconds while you're looking at it. But
fashion did not start that way and it certainly is not glorious like that the other 86,390 seconds of the day. I think that a lot of fashion is tailored
toward light skinned people. When I buy clothes almost all of the models in the store are white women and men. I think this displays ethnocentrism
because it conveys a message in which being non european is considered unattractive. Another example i can think of that displays this is how
makeup comes in so few shades for darker women. This might be because there is not a big enough consumer base to use more shades of makeup but
it could also be because

The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain
Racism in America Mark Twain penned his famous novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn in 1884 and it quickly became one of the most
banned books in America (Sova). The popularity of the novel as a teaching tool as well as the call to ban this book continues today due to the novel's
theme of racism. In the novel, Mark Twain utilizes satire to show his "contempt for slavery and any racist morality that would uphold it" (Battaglia).
Twain's ability to humorously make a political point regarding the treatment of African Americans in America, provided a platform for discussions in
classrooms across the country regarding racism. Twain could not have foreseen that racism continues to be a relevant issue in American society in 2016.
Ethnocentrism, or the belief in the inherent superiority of one's own culture remains a predominate opinion in many white Americans. The Civil Rights
Movement of the 1960s successfully procured rights for African Americans, but it did not eradicate racism. Instead, in American society today, covert
racism replaces the overt racism Mark Twain depicts in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. In addition, continually evolving media and technology
perpetuates ethnocentric ideals as well as racism and discrimination in America. Finally, ethnocentrism in America creates racism and discrimination
beyond African American to include all minority groups. Racism persists in America due to the acceptable culture of ethnocentrism. First, an evolution
from overt

How Counseling Is Impacted The Well Being Of Cultural...
Counseling has impacted the well–being of cultural diverse populations by increasing growth in ethnical and minority groups. Cultural diverse has
influence counselors to work together as one, empower skills to meet the challenges and demands of diverse client groups (Hays, 2016). Counselors
utilize interventions focused on client's needs to assess cultural concerns. These techniques establish the significant collaboration of the counsel/ client
relationship, promote clients awareness to their limitations and provide imperative ethical guidelines. Counselors are skilled in their practices to
facilitate productive healing in mild to serve cultural population. Counselors develop an empathic understanding and support with their clients. They
are encouraged to elevate cultural knowledge, self–awareness and stress–less experiences. Counselors inhibit trustworthy and essential characteristics
in how they utilize cultural sensitivity and appropriate interventions with ethnicity, race and language. As a counselor, you have to recognize that
understanding different culture is an important part of your career. You will encounter numerous communication and language barriers (Ratts, Singh,
Nassar–McMillan, Butler & McCullough, 2015). Respect the values, beliefs, traditions and customs of other cultures. Culture molds a person or group
of people and how they interpret the world around them. It indicates the attributes of their attitude, perceptions and contributes to society. Each

Ethnocentrism Response
Njoud Jaber
Response Paper #1
September 16, 2017
When it comes to September 11th attack, I believe many Americans were confused as to why other countries did not try to help them when they needed
it the most. This made Americans angry and even made an environment of "us vs. them." Even after years have passed since that day that changed the
lives of many Americans, we still can't understand the lengths that suicide bombers and terrorists go because of ethnocentrism. Prior to the September
11th attack, both Americans and non–Americans were attacked, yet only one was found right and the other is wrong. This is not to say that terrorist
groups are in the right, their invasion is still occurring. But unlike the United States, they invaded without military like the United States.
Since September 11, American politics and governance has focused on the war of terror and the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. Some believe that
ethnocentrism contributes to a variety of attitudes when it comes to the war of terror. However, I believe that attitudes towards the war on terrors
relates less on a generalized ethnocentrism than on evaluations of a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
People who are ethnocentric are not able to understand why people from other groups act a certain way and even judge them. Patriotism can be
defined as someone's love and devotion to their country where their country is number one and all other countries are viewed as less important. I
believe both ethnocentrism and patriotism are related to each other. Patriotism might lead people to see things from their point of view with disregard
to other peoples' opinions. I do think that patriotism is good and we all should love and be devoted to our country, but it is also important to keep in
mind that other people's cultures, groups, and countries and not better than us. We are all humans, we were all created equal and nobody is better than

Ethnocentrism Essay
In a world with many different cultures, ethnocentrism is a constant threat to society. When horrendous acts of racism, sexism , and disability
discrimination are constantly the headlines of multiple news outlets. It is clear that the perils of ethnocentrism are now considered common things to
happen. One example of have ethnocentrism was presented in the past would be in 1904 the Bronx Zoo had an exhibition containing a person from the
Congo of Africa. The Aboriginals in Australia are also another good example of how ethnocentrism has developed. Lastly in early creation tales there is
a common theme of that men are superior to women. Although ethnocentrism has been developing over centuries some immediate dangers include a
variety of discrimination, and in result can cause an assortment of violence.
In 1904 The New York Times illustrates what a normal day is like for an african man trapped in his own exhibit, and how the public reacted to it.
Since of the time period the public was fascinated about the exhibit. The New York Times describes a normal day: " Several thousand persons took
the Subway, the elevated, and surface cars to the New York Zoological Park, inthe Bronx yesterday, and there watched Ota Benga, the Bushman, who
had been put by management on exhibition there in monkey cages" ( New York Times). Everyone who saw the exhibit they did not see this man as
an equal, if they did he would have not been put in a cage. Ethnocentrism can be blamed for racist

Ethcentrism In Rabbit-Proof Fence
The film Rabbit–Proof Fence illustrates on the topics of ethnocentrism, and also, the significance of perceiving the immense breadth of the Jigalong
clan's customary biological learning to depict the wrongs that jumped out at this gathering starting in the 1930's. As the "half–rank" youngsters were
taken from their homes with a specific end goal to be educated like English kids, the men responsible for said operation were endeavoring to strip
away the nobility, as well as the conventions and character of a culture that was viewed as unthinkable on the grounds that the kids were not the same
as supposed "humanized" society. A case of theethnocentrism in the film would be when Mr. Neville, Chief Protector of Aborigines states, "Ensured
against themselves. On the off chance that they would just comprehend what we are endeavoring to improve the situation them." Thinking that these
children require sparing on the grounds that the children live as per an arrangement of conventions and ways that originate from their own history is
identified with what is known as the "White Man's Burden," since this is viewed as an adequate purpose behind interceding in the lives of others, when
this is extremely not satisfactory.
Another way that the motion picture can pass on the distinctions in culture is through the Jigalong's learning of nature and surroundings all through the
film. At a young age, the kids are instructed how to rummage and chase for their own particular sustenance, which appears differently in relation to the
supper courses of action in the Moore River Native Settlement. Additionally, both the tracker, who is chasing down Molly and her family can utilize the
land for something other than nourishment however a guide. Understanding those sorts of pieces of information gives the group of onlookers an
approach to see that the Jigalong clan's energy about nature in their social esteems instead of seeing the emotional contrast and uncalled for nature of
living in the Settlement.
As we started the semester understanding the genuine significance of culture, we create upon the ideas of Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism where
the video Rabbit Proof Fence becomes possibly the most important factor. While watching

Effects Of Ethnocentrism
what extent does ethnocentrism impact Western societies' views of minorities and the actions of people of different ethnicities?
"A certain moral imbecility marks all ethnocentric movements."– I.F. Stone. Ethnocentrism is a theme that clouds the progress of society as it comes to
the grisly conclusion that one ethnicity is inherently superior to all others. Stone was trying to state that ethnocentrism breeds the evil that casts a dark
shadow over humanity. When viewing the cultural, historical, and ethical arguments; about ethnocentrism and how it influences Western societies, one
can see the detrimental effects it has on minorities and on different ethnic regions.
What is ethnocentrism?
Ethnocentrism is a complex topic and many individuals ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One way to gain this empathy is to immerse oneself in the culture that exists in the world around oneself. One can do this by actively seeking out
cultural events, talking to people of different cultures, and recognizing the limits between cultural appropriation and cultural appreciation. However,
due to the nature of ethnocentrism, it is difficult to fully remove one's personal bias towards other cultures. Another limitation toward eliminating
ethnocentrism is the pervasiveness of anxiety. One may feel anxiety in having a different culture and fear that different

Cultural Counseling Research
The Impact of History and Counseling Theories on Culturally Diverse Populations As our population continues to expand and rapidly diversify, the
need for cultural competence within the counseling profession is of high importance. More and more, diverse populations are seeking counseling as a
result of increased community awareness, empowerment, and opportunity. Traditional counseling approaches are rooted in the belief that "good
counseling is good counseling," while not recognizing that the definition of "good counseling" originates from White–Euro American norms, values,
and points of view (Sue & Sue, 2015, p. 46). Even though strides have been made with the emergence of multicultural counseling techniques and
theories, it is important to reflect on the past and present situation of counseling diverse populations. This paper will examine both the oppressive
nature of historic counseling theories, as well as the benefits of emerging multicultural counseling... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many are based on values of Euro–American culture, and hold true two important ideas: "on one side are beliefs that people are unique and that the
psychosocial unit of operation is the individual, and on the other side, are beliefs that clients are the same and that the goals and techniques of
counseling and therapy are equally applicable across all groups," (Sue & Sue, 2016, p. 47). With this viewpoint, comes the omission and disregard to
the value differences among cultures, which could include things such as clothes and food, but also parenting beliefs, family structures, and
communication styles (Rubel & Ratts, 2011). These examples make it clear that people from diverse backgrounds and cultures may not share this same
value system. A "one–size–fits–all" approach is not a culturally sensitive approach or an appropriate therapeutic

The Theory Of Management And Management
Introduction Since its early days, management has been studied by various theorists and has provided scholars with much to study and discuss. Early
principles were developed and expounded upon. Research and studies allowed the field to grow and evolve as improvements and new discoveries
were made. Theorists soon discovered the complexity of management and that there was no single way to manage all people or circumstances. This
observation led theorists to research various methods to bring a level of flexibility into management.
One tactic management may use to provide the flexibility required for various situations is the contingency approach. This is approach recognizes
that organizations are different, thus they require different management methods (Robbins & Coulter, 2007, p. 39). Fiedler's Contingency Model
states that a leader's character and situation are the two factors affecting performance (Greer & Plunket, 2003; Mitchell, Biglan, Oncken & Fiedler,
1970). Each of these two factors has variables involved such as task or relationship oriented as part of their character and how much the leader feels
accepted, whether a task is structured versus defined, and the level of power he or she has over others as part of their situation (Greer & Plunket,
2003; Mitchell et al., 1970).
Findings
While the Contingency Model provides useful information for and about leaders it is not limited to leadership. This approach can be applied to other
situations or areas and be as

Ethnocentrism in Avatar
Ethnocentrism in Anthropological perspective – Avatar Using highly advanced technology to replicate and to creating false bodies which humans use
to walk amongst the natives known as the Na'vi living in the planet Pandora hence the name 'Avatar'. The story focuses on an ex U.S. soldier name
Jake Sully who is wheel–chair bound, was called upon as a last resort to replace his late brother whom had trained for 3 years in a project which was
invested with so much money that the researchers could not bear to make it go to waste. Thus, sharing the same DNA, Jake was then given the
privilege to be part of the project as he was tasked to retrieve back an extremely valuable mineral known as "Unobtainium" (Cameron & Landau, 2009)
and at the same... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They were regarded as less develop when battling against the humans, the antagonist Miles Quaritch in charge of the security firm underestimates the
Na'vi as they fire their spears and arrows effortlessly at their solid armoured battle ships

Examples Of Racism And Ethnocentrism In The Movie Crash
Racism, and ethnocentrism can be a significant factor in determining if an individual can maintain a healthy interpersonal relationship. Both racism and
ethnocentrism can be barriers that affect competent cross– cultural communication. Crash (Schulman & Haggis, 2004) is a film that has characters of
very different natures. The characters may be involved in conflicts due to the differences in genders, cultures and races. As these strangers in the film
crash into each other, you may notice that racism and ethnocentrism can really affect the way the characters are able to build a strong and healthy
interpersonal relationship. In Crash (Schulman & Haggis, 2004) the character Officer Ryan is constantly in conflict with others due to racism and
ethnocentrism. He has been an officer and with the force for 17 years. However, he seems to be extremely racist when he encounters African
Americans. Officer Ryan is a typical looking American male, the movie portrayed him to be "tall, dark and handsome." However, he is also
out–spoken and seemingly arrogant. Ryan seems to have that "better than the rest" attitude, it is evident through the way he portrays himself in the
movie. If he overcomes these barriers he would be able to establish some positive relationships. Officer Ryan also seems to have accumulated anger
and false assumption about those around him. For example, when he pulled over Director Cam and his wife Christine, he was angry with their racial
difference and made false

Book Review : The Book Thief
Book Review: The Book Thief
"Liesel stood up and also raised her arm. With absolute misery, she repeated it. "Heil Hitler". It was quite a sight–an eleven–year–old girl, trying not to
cry on the church steps... "(Zusak, 2005, p.40). "The Book Thief" fixates on the life of a young girl named Liesel. Throughout the book, communication
, cultural awareness, and empathy are concepts that are stained across the pages. The conversations and language of the characters captivate the reader.
Communication is a polysemy. Language, symbols, and objects are mediums of communicating. Language conveys the thoughts, feelings, and
interests of the speaker. Vernacular can be formal or informal. The audience is a factor when communicating. We need to ask ourselves, "How will my
audience best understand my message"? Being able to converse with others is a wonderful occurrence, however, one's speech can be misconstrued.
Words can have multiple meanings, and confusion can arise. How an individual conveys the words can alter their meaning. Tone, or how one conveys
the words, is crucial. Did your emotions coincide with the words you spoke? Words have consequences. The words that escape from our mouth can
have a negative or positive impact. How one speaks, not only influences the receiver, but it also reveals something about the sender. Communication
may not entail vocal projection. "Communication involves nonverbal messages, which include touch, facial expressions, eye behavior, body posture, and

Ethnocentrism And Ethnocentrism In Japan
Ethnocentrism: Ethnic Homogeneity In many ways, Japan has been looked upon as a strangely homogeneous society for much of its modern history.
And for some, it stands as one of the most homogeneous nation in the world. However, when looking at Japan as a whole, and considering whether or
not it homogeneity is a problem, or just another cultural phenomenon, one must look towards the root cause of homogeneism in Japan. In Japan's past,
it has has been questioned, as well as assumed, that the growth of Japans homogeneous viewpoint was put forward by the government of Japan, and
was done so by circulating false accusations of its lineage. Which these false stories of lineage, Japan has grown in its ethnocentric views and ways.
Ethnocentrism, or... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One example of this happened back in the 1970's and 1980's when Japan only accepted a small number of refugee's from Vietnam and other
nations in the southern parts of Asia. Yet at the same time Japan was bringing in labor for Korea and China before and during World War II. Like
stated before, once Japan felt itself become a weaker force in the world, and its own view of itself suffered, ethnocentrism strived. Things started to
change. Japan let in less cheep labor and less refugees as a way to preserve its pureness. Another argument made by Japan when asked why they had
refused to bring in refugees at this time is very much the same argument made by Japan's establishment today. The reason Japan accepts so little
refugees and the like is that the "mono–ethnic Japanese society has no tradition of accepting outsiders." However, as stated previously, the case
before World War II showed the opposite. To put things into todays perspective, over the last few years, Japan has accepted about 2,560 refugees
from around the world, while the United Kingdom has accepted 117,161 refugees as of 2015. Keeping in mind that the UK measures slightly less in
square meters than Japan, so the reason cannot be made that there is 'no room.' Whether or not Japan is accepting refugees from outside of Japan

Ethnocentrism In America
Some of the problems we face in the world today are an obvious ethnocentrism in media coverage and the world war on terrorism. Along with this, I
think we have a problem with the current education system for children. By focusing on the way our children are educated, we could change the way
the world is. By studying ancient cultures and learning from their lifestyles we can come up with solutions to these problems.
By looking at the media during recent events, the ethnocentrism we face in our world today is very obvious. While the media in America is covering
issues such as the recent election and stories such irrelevant Christmas shopping trends, they are ignoring the injustice occurring in Syria. Additionally,
we are facing a war on terrorism. With the Paris and Brussel attacks this year and more recently, the 12 people who were killed in Berlin yesterday,
something clearly needs to be done. While these attacks have had intense media coverage, the genocides in Syria and places like Africa have little to no
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The curriculum children learn today in school is very "white–washed" for a lack of a better term. This leads to children turning into adults who only
think that their culture matters. The world we live in today contains adults that cannot fathom an alternative way of living. Additionally, theeducation
system rewards students based on strictly test scores (no child left behind, etc) which actually leaves many children left behind. As stated by Wade
Davis, a wayfinder does not record all the vast information they know in a book but he stores it in his mind. The wayfinder memorizes these elements
and passes them orally to the younger generation. I believe that by looking at the way their information is stored it should be translated to the current
education system. Our cultures should focus on our youth, as indigenous people do, because they are the future of our

Management Skills and Style Assessment
Man 111 Midterm
Name:
1) Bill Sanderson, a manager in a manufacturing firm in New York has a tendency to view the world only through his U.S.–based perspective. What
can be deduced about his attitude?
A) He has an elitist attitude.
B) He has a polycentric attitude.
C) He has a parochialistic attitude.
D) He has a geocentric attitude.
2) Managers with a(n) ________ attitude view every foreign operation as different and hard to understand.
A) geocentric
B) polycentric
C) ethnocentric
D) regiocentric
3) In today's global environment, managers must have a(n) ________ attitude in order to be successful.
A) ethnocentric
B) parochial
C) bigoted
D) geocentric
4) Which of the following countries is a member of the European Union?
A) Ireland ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A) liaison
B) monitor
C) negotiator

D) resource allocator
20) Which of the following is not an example of an interpersonal role according to Mintzberg?
A) figurehead
B) leader
C) liaison
D) spokesperson
21) Understanding building codes would be considered a ________ skill for a building contractor.
A) human
B) technical
C) conceptual
D) empirical
22) Which of the following is true concerning the three managerial skills?
A) Technical skills tend to be most important for middle–level managers.
B) Conceptual skills are most important for lower–level managers.
C) Human skills remain equally important to all levels of management.
D) Technical skills increase and conceptual skills decrease in importance as a manager climbs the organizational chart.
23) Conceptual skills involve ________.
A) managing employees who use tools to produce the organization's products
B) communicating with customers
C) thinking about abstract and complex situations
D) inspiring enthusiasm and trust among employees
24) Increased accountability of employees is typically caused by ________.
A) increased digitization
B) increased emphasis on organizational ethics
C) security threats to the organization
D) discrimination concerns
25) The ________ view of social responsibility holds that management's only social responsibility is to maximize profits.
A) socioeconomic
B)

Ethnocentrism In America
According to the Merriam–Webster dictionary ethnocentrism is characterized by or based on the attitude that one's own group is superior, similarly
Hunt–Hurst and Miller–Spillman (2012) define ethnocentrism as judging people from other cultures and backgrounds by one's own cultural standards
and beliefs (p. 10). When being ethnocentric to beauty means one is imposing their own views of beauty to decide if others are beautiful. When this
happens it lends itself to the understanding that not all men and women are created equal in the light of beauty, but that in fact some are more beautiful
than others which disturbs, confuses even angers others (Hunt–Hurst and Miller–Spillman, 2012, p. 176). How one culture defines beauty might be seen
as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This form of ethnocentric can be either conscious or subconscious in thought or it could be both, but both forms bring about discrimination. The
conscious thought happens when agencies are looking for models, they usually have a type in mind: five feet nine, young, blonde, or thin. A study was
conducted by Italian researcher's trying to determine if attractive people receive more callbacks than unattractive people. This study sent out ten
thousand resumes each with a picture to test the influence of beauty, as well as if biases are present both ethically and regionally. The end results
determined that attractive people received more callbacks than unattractive people; fifty–four percent for women and forty–seven percent men. Another
study conducted in Israeli had different results than the Italian study in that attractive men were given jobs over attractive women citing that "female
jealousy of attractive women in the workplace was the cause"(Nisen, 2013). This form of ethnocentrism could be either conscious or subconscious in
thought. With this in mind, it is easy to see how people end up believing they are not perfect causing them to make changes sometimes drastic changes;
plastic surgery, skin bleaching,

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