Oscar Handlin Advantages

Oscar Handlin Advantages
(YES) Oscar Handlin believed only the scientific method could provide the absolute truth about history. He felt truth will emerge if perused with
science (Handlin 5). After reading his theory, there are some benefits to his opinion. The first is science keeps history chronological. Many historians
might miscalculate by assuming a time period give or take a thousand years. With a scientific method, time is accurately documented and placed in
order. This keeps records accurate and can leave out personal opinions. Separating fact from opinion can be beneficial. It helps to eliminate biases or
prejudices. Another benefit to science is an accurate keeping of vocabulary. The dialect used in history reveals different emotions and provides a better
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I tend to agree more with Handlin. This is because I believe we can't recreate history. While I know we do our best to reenact it, history is meant to
be in the past. While, it is important to understand the emotions, hardships, and circumstances of the past; trying to recreate it is impossible. I
think with more factual evidence we can get a more accurate depiction of our history. I do understand this method is extremely hard to maintain.
This is why I believe there should be a mixture of fact and myth. Although Handlin believes truth and fiction is a theory (8), I believe this is the
best way to capture the emotions, hardships, and scope of past events. By adding McNeil's ideals with Handlin's there is diversity and more
opportunity for discovery. McNeil states we, humans, are social creatures (15). Therefore, history should be based on social sciences. Clearly,
there are pro's and con's to each theory. While I do not like that Handlin's theory is harder to log, I believe its accuracy makes up for the hindrance.
As for McNeill's theory, I do not like its opportunity for biases, however, it's diversity compensates for its obstruction. There will never be a perfect
theory. As McNeil states, there is an abundance of historians and an innumerable amount of ideals to choose from. With endless ideals, truth turn into
myths before it has a chance to be recorded (16). My point is there will never be a right and a
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The Impact Of The Scientific Revolution On History
The Scientific evolution and it's impact on History
The Scientific Revolution is one of the most history changing events in earth's 4.543 Billion years of existence. On 1543 In early Europe, A scientist
named Nicholas Copernicus came up with the theory that the stars and planets revolve around the sun rather than the sun revolving around the planets
and stars. This kicked off the start to the infamous scientific revolution. With this spark in Science and history, other scientists and people were eager to
come up with scientific conclusions. Two other examples of contributors of the scientific revolution are Edward Jenner and, Gabriel Daniel. These three
men all made an impact on the scientific revolution and changed the way us as humans live ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He was the one to prove that the galaxy's planets travel around the sun rather than the sun revolving around our galaxy's planets. Mr.Jenner found this
theory legible by stating and discovering that the sun is stationary and if the sun moved around earth, earth's climate would be changing rapidly since
the sun is heating the earth without the earth's control. This left a huge impact on history and astronomy because other scientists like Galieo began to
study space which led to many shocking discoveries about the infinite solar system. This also strengthened the Scientific revolution because of its vast
popularity and controversy Due to the monarchs strict "no free–thinking" rules that were enforced heavily.
Another huge impact on the scientific revolution is Edward Jenner. Edward Jenner saved millions of Europeans by creating a vaccine for smallpox
disease. Jenner was noticing a rise in smallpox in europe and it was killing people left and right. This left Jenner very curious to come up with an
effective disease for the widespread Smallpox. So in 1796, Jenner revealed the smallpox vaccine. This vaccine had a major impact on science and
medicine because the vaccine stopped the spread and inspired other scientists to think about other diseases that a vaccine can be made

The Role of Research and Statistics in the Field of...
The Role of Research and Statistics in the Field of Psychology
Abstract
Research and statistics are essential elements within the field of Psychology. Through the evolution of technology, the task of conducting adequate
research and statistics methods have become abundant in methodology. Because of such, research collection and experimentation approaches of
researchers and Psychologists, greatly vary in specificity. However, one method reigns true and consistent, and that is theScientific Method; of which
will be further explored. This paper will discuss and make sense of the roles in which both research and statistics play in the field of Psychology, and
the procedures in which such methods are conducted will be defined. This ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The phrase "method of scholars" is an alternative title for the scientific method, for it is the absolute best set of methods in finding the truth, and of
course the scholars would know. "It has often been said that the greatest discovery in science was the discovery of the scientific method of discovery":
(Feibleman, 1972). This method is an investigation in which a problem is initially identified. With this, observations, experiments, and other relevant
data (provided by research) are then used to create or test hypotheses that lead to conclusions about the original problem. The steps involved in this
process include: 1) Forming a testable hypothesis. 2) Devising a research plan and method of application. 3) Collecting data and researching. 4)
Analyzing the data and reaching possible conclusions about the study. 5) Report findings. This research can be characterized as an activity of creative
work that is carried out in a systematic way in an effort to increase knowledge and truth. In the field of psychology, this refers to the knowledge of the
human mind, human behavior, cultures, and societies. In order to fully understand how researchers, scientists, psychologists, scholars, and students
alike reach such conclusions, one needs to recognize the importance of the research process and measures that are applied when conducting the various
types of psychological research. With this knowledge,

Definition Of A Neutral Question
There is no such thing as a neutral question. Evaluate this statement with reference to two areas of knowledge. In order to evaluate this statement, we
must clearly understand what is a neutral question. A definition of a neutral question can be: A question asked in such a way that it does not imply
personal opinion or bias. I assume that a true question has to be neutral. If a question reveals to be non–neutral, the objectivity that defines a question
doesn't exist anymore. It becomes a statement or a judgement with a question make–up. To develop the evaluation of this statement, we have to figure
out what are the conditions for a question to be neutral. The point of a question is to request knowledge or information; it gives control over the
direction taken to fill in the request. One could argue that the initial choice of what question is asked, in itself, is a form of bias and on those grounds,
neutrality is impossible any time there is a question. For this reason, it might be good to think of neutrality on a continuum with some questions being
more neutral than others. Examples of neutral questions can be identified as: Can you describe the kind of information you would like to find? Or
what are you hoping to find? A neutral question can then be defined as a bias–free enquiry for knowledge. For my Areas of Knowledge I will be
referencing Ethics and Natural sciences. What is neutrality? Neutrality is about not going forward or backward or taking a side. Neutrality

Essay History of the Scientific Method
Scientific method is the way scientists learn and study the world around them. It is the process by which scientists work over a period of time to
construct an accurate (i.e. reliable, consistent and non–arbitrary) representation of the world. In the study of natural phenomenon, personal and cultural
beliefs strongly influence our interpretations and perceptions. Scientific method relies on standard procedures to minimize these influences when
developing a theory.
Scientific method consists of four steps:
(1)– Making an observation of a phenomenon.
(2)– Formulating a hypotheses to explain the phenomenon.
(3)– Proving the hypotheses correct by a series of experiments and tests. If the experiments do not bear out the hypotheses, ... Show more content on
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Almost 2000 years later Galileo challenged Aristotle's s work on mechanics and cosmology. Galileo did not ridicule Aristotle, but simply showed that he
had jumped to the wrong conclusions and derived at inadequate answers because of his physics being not very mathematical. Errors in Aristotle's work
were rectified through direct observation and by the availability of new instruments and experimentation techniques in the 17th century. Amongst other
contributions, Galileo contradicted Aristotle's view that bodies naturally returned to their natural place. It is believed that Galileo demonstrated by
throwing different weights from the Leaning Tower of Pisa that the weight of the bodies was irrelevant to their speed of falling and only the density of
the medium counted.
Lavoisier interpreted facts discovered by others and corrected them for errors. He is considered the father of chemistry although he discovered no new
chemical substances apart from a few new chemical facts. Lavoiser used to carry out a lot of experiments, quantify their results and take various
precautionary measures. He studied Stahl`s theory on combustion and found errors in reasoning. Stahl had given the concept 'phlogiston' for
combustion but Lavoiser proved that no such thing existed. Lavoisier repeated Boyle`s experiments which had showed an increase in the weight of cal
of tin when

The Importance Of The Scientific Method
The scientific method in the twenty–first century represents a major role of testing our hypothesis' whether it is in the industry, school, market, or in
our lives. We are constantly coming up with theories or ideas and conducting experiments on these ideas without even realizing it. The scientific
method allows us to expand our knowledge in certain fields that we are mastered in or helps us learn new possibilities that we are not aware of. The
use of chemistry and the scientific method is important to incorporate into our lives and society.
The Scientific Method
The scientific method is defined as " a way of learning that emphasizes observation and experimentation– to understand the world" (Tro, 2015, p. 6).
The scientific method involves major characteristics such as an observation. When making an observation, it can simply be by looking at a sample
with your eyes or by using instruments that can make observing a sample easier, such as a microscope. Next, the scientist would formulate a hypothesis.
Formulating a hypothesis is simply stating what the scientist observed and what they want to explore and measure. Following the creating of a
hypothesis comes conducting an experiment using the hypothesis. Conducting an experiment is a "highly controlled observations designed to validate
or invalidate hypotheses" (Tro, 2015, p. 6). Lastly, the scientific method concludes with laws and theories. In some cases, experiments and observations
can lead to the development of a

Bacon's Induction Method Essay
The purpose of this study is to explore the soundness of Baconian induction method and its contribution to the modern scientific method. The study
seeks to answer the question, Does the Bacon's idea of induction help shaped the modern scientific method.
Time has proven Bacon wrong because as of today, the modern "scientific method" seems to bear no resemblance to his inductive method.
Nevertheless, during Bacon's day in the late 16th to early 17th century, Aristotelian philosophy overwhelmed all the other intellectual currents.
Aristotle's Physics is to ask a series of whys and answer it methodically. This is also known as the syllogism. In order to answer the whys, we seek to
find a general statement of the nature of the thing about which we asked the question, the statement is then taken as the premise of an argument, and
derive as a conclusion. Francis Bacon, as the fifth son of Sir Nicholas Bacon, suggests an entirely new system of logic, which is based on induction
rather than on the syllogism.
Review
Bacon argues that syllogism is useless for scientific experiment because they rely on words that might be too abstract and poorly defined. Moreover,
our senses are limited in the manner that they can be deceived and receive wrong information. Bacon's opinion on sensory knowledge is truly different,
"... . [F]urthermore, we have many ways of scrutinizing the information of the senses themselves. For the senses often deceive, but they also give
evidence of their own

Plato To Darwin To DNA: A Brief History
Plato to Darwin to DNA a Brief History
Esther Muehlbauer
A review of the literature
Yinez Rodriguez Biology 11, Lab Professor Wendy Castillo April 29, 2018
The book "Plato to Darwin to DNA: A Brief History," written by Esther Muehlbauer, is a summary on the history ofbiology. This book introduces some
of the first and most influential philosophers along with the contributions they made to Biology. This book explains how the biology evolved through
the discoveries and theories of these ancient philosophers along with the influences of ancient cultures. As Esther states in her introduction of the book,
Natural Science was born from Philosophy (Muehlbauer, 2015). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Zhuangzi, a Chinese Taoist philosopher of the 4th century BC, developed evolutionary processes. He stated that species were not fixed entities but
developed variable characteristics in response to changing environments. As mentioned in the book, Yin and Yang philosophy was developed in
ancient China to describe the physiological functions of the human body. Medical knowledge was based on Ying and Yang. Religious beliefs in India
also influenced science. For example, Ayurveda, a mind and body health system created in India thousands of years ago, is one of the oldest systems in
organized medicine. Mesopotamians and Egyptians are also known for their achievements in science. There is evidence that Edwin Smith Papyrus,
who was the founder of ancient Egyptian medicine, wrote about diagnosis and treatments on different diseases and about studies of the human

The Invention Of The Scientific Revolution Essay
The concept of revolutions in science has been debated by historians and philosophers for decades; especially the notion that there was a singular
idiosyncratic Scientific Revolution. Despite this, most historians will refer to the Scientific Revolution as spanning approximately the sixteenth century
to the end of the eighteenth century. This period displayed a rise in inductive reasoning, and can also be seen as an epistemological revolution, where
scientific discoveries were being based on experimental research, as opposed to the traditional philosophy and faith. The importance of the Scientific
Revolution can be attributed to the coincidental multidisciplinary breakthroughs made during the Revolution, which fundamentally transformed
societal views of the natural world. Finally, philosophers such as Georg Hegel and Thomas Kuhn have been able to use systematic methodology
introduced in the Scientific Revolution to validate their models of progress;, more specifically, scientific progress. The Scientific Revolution was the
beginning of the Modern Age, as it was the paradigm shift from the traditional, ancient world science, to the empirical and rational modern science. To
start, it is important to understand the influence of the traditional sciences on the development of modern scientific theories. The works of great
philosophers like Plato, Aristotle and Archimedes laid a foundational understanding for modern mathematics and sciences, continued by

Essay on What Classifies as Common Knowledge in Science...
Knowledge goes beyond the regurgitation or memorization of facts, and knowledge claims can either be justified with experience or simply an
understanding. Different areas of knowledge have different methods to either build or falsify knowledge, as the method of justification differs
between these areas of knowledge. There are perspectives to support building facts around knowledge, while disagreeing with the neglect of facts that
were previously held as knowledge. These perspectives collectively create opposition for the areas of knowledge, science and history. Both science and
history are subject to changes in knowledge for facts may sometimes be discarded, built upon, or distorted to prove an opinion or theory. This does not
necessarily ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Science has set values that must be upheld in the process of developing knowledge and as long as these values are maintained the facts will be
accepted as knowledge.
In my life as a student, I encounter countless natural science theories that failed the test of time and have either been improved or refuted. The most
well known example of this is the atomic structure in Chemistry. John Dalton developed the first atomic theory and postulated that all matter was
composed of atoms. He unfortunately believed that atoms of the same element were of all the same mass and charge, which was later tested and
disproved by the scientist Ernest Rutherford to later be built on by Neils Bohr. These experiments have proven that due to conclusive evidence and
constant criticism, scientific principles are subject to change and may be discarded. In this case, depending on your perception, John Dalton's theories
may have been unnecessary or may continue coexist with those of Bohr and Rutherford as he is known as the founding father of atomic structure.
Learning about the constant revision of scientific theories promotes open mindedness towards science and constant inquiry. Using the scientific method,
science is able to answer the question why, and with this explain the nature of things, which creates much opposition with different ideologies. In the
constant quest for the truth, science is justified in redefining its pillars, which in this case is knowledge because

The Philosophy Of Science And Science
Before this class began, I thought of myself as a person who tended to lean towards science as fact–based and found it hard to believe in some
philosophical and religious claims that were not backed up by experimentation and evidence. Five weeks later, my views haven't changed drastically,
but have instead been developed and broadened. I now understand the importance of the philosophy of science and why philosophy and science should
be interconnected. The need to question things that may appear to be factual is something I now consider more than ever crossed my mind before this
course. At the beginning of the course, starting in Lecture One, we discussed the problem of knowledge and the nature of scientific knowledge. The
problem of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Examples like the theory of Plate Tectonics or the Alvarez Theory of mass extinction are cited as examples of theory acceptance and when it is
appropriate. The overarching theme from Losee is that there are no rules that can objectively decide the acceptance or rejection of a new theory. This
is a confusing aspect of science, but is reflected in the history of scientific discoveries and those theories we still hold to be 'true.' Some theories are
not necessarily confirmed, but are at the very least agreed–upon from empirical observations. By Lecture Four we covered multiple conceptions of
method. Method is central to the scientific enterprise. The founders of modern science were looking for an impersonal, objective basis for their
knowledge claims. This was coming at a time when science was separating from religion–based belief systems. Method is crucial to determining truth
and developing scientific hypotheses. Without a method in place, the goal of objectivity within science is compromised. Method is discussed
throughout the entirety of Losee's book. Losee generously discusses theory acceptance, rejection, falsification, and replacement. He aims to show the
method behind these based on historical accounts in science, but as stated before, there is no set group of rules that govern this. Instead the
development of hypotheses and theories that we take are integrated, comprehensive explanation of many 'facts.' These hypotheses and

The Scientific Method: A Brief History and Description
Introduction In basic terms, no single person can be credited for having developed the scientific method singlehandedly. In that regard, it can be
noted that the scientific method has been refined and fine tuned over time by some of the greatest thinkers in history. In this text, I come up with a
brief description of the method as well as its history. Further, I highlight the contributions made by a number of philosophers in the development of
the scientific method. The Scientific Method: A Brief History and Description The scientific method according to Coon and Mitterer (2008) can be
defined as "a form of critical thinking based on careful collection of evidence, accurate description and measurement, precise definition, controlled
observation, and repeatable results." The authors further note that this method ideally comprises of a number of steps or elements. In this case, the
first step has got to do with making an observation closely followed by coming up with a concise definition of the problem. The next step according
to Coon and Mitterer (2008) involves the suggestion of a hypothesis. This is followed by evidence gathering and presentation of findings or results.
The authors give the last step in this case as theory building. It is however important to note that the steps associated with the scientific method do
vary. In regard to the history of the scientific method, those considered to have played a critical role in the early development of the same

How Did Hippocrates Change The World
Hippocrates was a doctor who changed the world with his ideas. He is the father of modern medicine. and is responsible for our modern day health
treatment. He changed the idea of where diseases come from, changed the use of the scientific method, and also had the idea of practical medical
practices. To start off Hippocrates came up with the idea of where modern medicine comes from. The passage states "He was the first to trace disease
to a natural and understandable cause, and to recognize nature as all–sufficient for healing, and physicians as her only servant." I think what the author
means by this is that he basically had the idea that all remedies didn't have to come from the supernatural but in fact they can be found in

Scientific Management
Critically discuss the notion that Scientific Management was a 'good' idea in the history of management thinking.
Since the thousands of years, people use the management in the great projects such as the Egyptian pyramids and the Great Wall of China. According
to Robbins, et al. (2006), Henri Fayol said that all managers perform five functions: planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling in
the early part of the twentieth century. Robbins stated that, in the mid–1950s, management functions changed to planning, organizing staffing, directing
and controlling. However, management functions have been reduced to four such as planning, organizing, leading and controlling.
There are six major approaches to management: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cole (2004, p–20) stated that Gantt introduced a payment system that although the employee's performance was below on the individual's instruction
card, he still qualified for the day–rate but performance of all the work allocated on the card qualified the individual for bonus. Gantt found that when
one worker found that he could achieve the task, the rest quickly followed. As a result, supervision improved, breakdowns were minimized. Gantt's
bonus system also allowed for the employee to challenge the time allocated for a particular task.
There are a lot of benefits from scientific management. First, the productivity increases dramatically by improving the working method. Second, the
supervisors can measure the performance base on the working methods. Third, it motivates the employees by incentive payments base on the results on
the performance. Finally, the physical working conditions for employees also improved because of scientific management. (Cole, 2004)
Although scientific management has a lot of benefits, it also has some disadvantages. Firstly, the worker's role is reduced by the rigid methods and
procedures. Another drawback is the employees will be bore because of same steps of procedures. Next one is scientific management generates a
'carrot–and–stick' approach to the motivation of employees by enabling pay to be geared tightly to output (Cole, 2004). As stated by Buren (2008),
proponents of

Art with Science: The Italian Renaissance and Art
"No painter can paint well without a thorough knowledge of geometry" (qtd. in Butterfield 27). The Italian Renaissance is famous for its art which
includes unique style of painting and sculpting, however, the Renaissance made significant remark on the use of scientific techniques which also can
be considered as the influence of classical ideas. Although, classical ideas were not advanced like in the Renaissance, it provided the foundation for the
Renaissance to revive it again. The Italian Renaissance transformed the manner of viewing the arts. Before, most people in Italy were bounded by
religious thoughts and beliefs. Renaissance helped people to shift their mind and behavior towards the secular ideas, instead of vague ideology like ...
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They began to paint and sculpt human bodies which needed specific techniques of scaling and math. Historian William J. Connell, La Motta Chair in
Seton Hall University, describes the common artistic features between Classical age and Renaissance. He explains, "Freestanding, larger–than–life–size
statues of human beings were sculpted for the first time since antiquity" (3). During the Classical age, huge statues of human could be found in the
history in which scientific ideas were required to design and to sculpt it appropriately. Artists of Renaissance revived the way of sculpting as well as
painting of Greek and Roman culture where they used techniques from math as well as science. The influence of classical culture transformed the art
and the way of making it by using scientific knowledge of drawing and sculpting, and provided it a sense human importance on the artistic works.
Humanism became the dominant ideology in the Renaissance where artists looked on themselves. They started illustrate human emotions through their
paintings and sculptures. They emphasized on human feelings and made many statues which portrayed anger, love, hate, etc. Goldstein, a professor in
art history, describes about the secular ideas of humanism. Several artists wrote about humanism which includes broad moral ideas as well as visual
art (641). Humanism helped people to realize the moral values and its use in art People happened to think about morality which

Scientific Method
Scientists are individuals who analyze how the world is viewed and how it came to be. They perceive nature, physics, and social realms. They help
flourish the world into something great, they create the future, and discover Earth's hidden secrets. There are many categories of science, each category
has extensive scientific knowledge, and the use of the scientific method. Scientists have been changing the world since the beginning of history.
There's a wide range of different types of scientists, from studying rocks to examining the earth's atmosphere. Each one of these scientists have certain
names that have to deal with what they study. A geologist is one who studies rocks and the development of earth. (http://www.sciencekids.co.nz
/sciencefacts/careers.html) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Scientist have been changing the world since the beginning of history. From communicating to eating and walking. Compared to today's life, Science
has dramatically changed human life.
Works Cited
"The 50 Top Research Universities." bestcollegereviews. Best College Reviews, n.d. Web. 6 Mar. 2016. .
"How long did it take you to become a scientist and is it difficult?" Science Line. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Mar. 2016. .
Mastin, Luke. "ALBERT EINSTEIN (1879– 1955)." Physics of the Universe. N.p., 2009. Web. 22 Mar. 2016. .
Perkowitz, Sydney. "E = mc2 Equation." britannica. EncyclopГ¦dia Britannica, Inc., 25 Nov. 2015. Web. 6 Mar. 2016. .
"Science Jobs & Careers." Science Kids. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Mar. 2016. .
"Scientific Thought: Facts, Hypotheses, Theories, and all that stuff." gly. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Mar. 2016. .
"Scientist Titles (Non–faculty Positions)." icahn. Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, n.d. Web. 7 Mar. 2016. .
Siegfried, Tom. "Top 10 revolutionary scientific theories." science news. Society for Science & the Public, 13 Nov. 2013. Web. 22 Mar. 2016. .
"Steps of the Scientific Method." sciencebuddies. Science Buddies, n.d. Web. 6 Mar. 2016.

Francis Bacon : Pioneering Scientific Philosophy
Francis Bacon: Pioneering Scientific Philosophy
Francis Bacon demonstrated true brilliance in a time where people were finally starting to be curious about the world. His life, the late 1500s and
early 1600s, was a time where previous scientific discoveries were being reformed and new discoveries were being introduced. Francis Bacon, a
visionary for his time, was submersed in many events and influenced by many people, which in return allowed Bacon to produce some of his greatest
theories and notions in many scientific fields.
Francis Bacon produced many ground breaking discoveries made in many scientific fields, including; natural philosophy (or as referred to today as
natural science), justice and law, and government. The first English circumnavigation performed by Sir Francis Drake could have opened many doors
to many scientific fields, not only natural philosophy. Firstly this great event could have allowed natural philosophers, like Bacon, at the time to
catalog and explore many unheard of plants and animals. As for social sciences, this could have been an opportunity to see how other populations ran
their government, which in turn could have even sparked an earlier and more rapid scientific revolution. Drake gave all scientists alike, including
Bacon, hope for things such as new plants, animals, people, culture, and most importantly new knowledge. (Gale Group)
Another event which had shaped Bacon's theories and the society surrounding him was the Protestant Reformation.

Historical Science : For The Birds
Historical Science: For the birds?
Lindsey Kaydo
History Guns, Germs, and Steel
December 16th, 2015
The scientific method is followed in pursuit of knowledge by more than the scientific community. Following the methods principles and procedures in a
field of study in a well–documented manner can help qualify that field as scientific. The scientific method can be described as a systematic pursuit of
knowledge. In Guns Germs and Steel, Jarod Diamond's argument for historical science is admittedly weak, but credit is due to him for striving
towards a more systematic approach to understanding human history. When a soft science for example, political science is compared to a hard science
like chemistry, applying the scientific ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The scientific method will be my guide in assessing how strong of a case Diamond has for historical science and what is left to be desired. Relating the
scientific method to history is great since neither ever really ends; observe, question, hypothesize, predict, experiment, gather data, refine hypothesis,
and repeat.
Researching historical events tends to be problematic in that, what is available are artifacts that made it to the present day. Starting with only a
percentage of historical evidence paints a fragmentary image of the record. Artifacts that are attainable may not truly reflect the way historical events
actually happened, direct observations are impossible. Diamond does not bring much attention to this matter, it is important to take into consideration
the source of information. The person making the first hand observations may have a reputation to uphold or an agenda to support that doctor the
record significantly. Using pieces of evidence that may seem baffling at first look, a historian tries to determine the facts of historical events. However,
Diamond does not criticize the first–hand accounts he cites and accepts the record as a non–skewed observation, this practice is not doing him and his
proposed field any justice.
For question segment of the scientific method, the main question worthy of investigation in Diamond's book

Plato, Sir Francis Bacon, and Albert Camus: What is...
Knowledge, that certain indescribable thing that everyone thinks they have a little bit of, is an elusive concept that nearly every philosopher from
ancient Greece to the modern day has given at least a nod to. How, after all, can we know that we are right in something if we don't know what
knowing is? This question, and the sometimes futile attempt to answer it, is called epistemology. More specifically, it is the study of how we know
and what that knowledge actually is. Is knowledge objective, subjective, something else, or even possible?
In ancient Greece, a group of men who came to be known as the Sophists sold their
"knowledge" without ever believing absolute knowledge was possible. According to them, the only things that could ... Show more content on
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This knowledge and development of kings doesn't come easily in Plato's world. It is an ordeal, a journey, and a painful path that one must undertake
with various points of confusion and many reasons to turn back instead of pushing ahead. That journey itself is, to me, what comes across as the
reality of the message behind "The Allegory" and possibly the reality of reality itself. The journey begins the same for everyone; they live "in an
underground den. . . and have their legs and necks chained so that they cannot move, and can only see before them" (Plato 1). Everything that I
experience comes to me only through the senses and my opinions of what those senses are. If I see shadows I give them meaning and call that
knowledge, if I hear sounds I give them authors and call that knowledge, and if I speak with my neighbor and share our knowledge, we become
wiser. This form of life might not be perfect, but for many it's comfort, it's safe, and it's all they know. But what if, Plato says, the prisoners are set
free? Just like learning something new for the first time, the prisoners would be troubled and pained as they stand and walk for, possibly, the first time
ever (Plato 2), but this is

Scientific Revolution: How The Revolution Changed History...
The Revolution That Changed History Forever
The Scientific Revolution was one of the most revolutionary time periods in human history, because the Catholic Church was tested and the human
race was enlighten. Also, during this specific revolution specific scientists and enlighten thinkers contributed heavily to the advancement of human
history. This period is explained as modern methods of scientific inquiry being established, and associated with great discoveries of the first modern
scientists (Scientific Revolution, n.d.). To truly understand how revolutionary the Scientific Revolution was, the key points should be studied and
elaborated. This paper will dive into the major scientist and philosopher during this revolutionary time, and deliver the battle to free minds between the
church and science.
Literature Review
Before the Scientific Revolution, life was mainly controlled by faith and not facts from the Catholic Church, and this type of system made it easy for
science and religion to cope. Since the Catholic Church was in charge mainly during this period, science reflected a lot of what the ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Enlightenment Period moved to Europe during the 18th century basing off of new methods of inquiry and new theories of personal freedom, and
also made questioning superstitious ignorance by using new scientific methods developed during the Scientific Revolution become the norm
(Enlightenment, n.d.). Philosophers based their enlighten ways on the superiority of reason, and in their reasoning they challenged traditional
Christianity by opposing the teachings and dogma of the Catholic Church (Enlightenment, n.d.). As the scientist in the Scientific Revolution faced, the
philosophers of the Enlighten Period faced a battle between science and religion in

Scientific Discoveries Of The Scientific Revolution
Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution refers to a time in history when developments in the sciences took off and changed the view of society regarding the earth
and nature. Some of the relevant topics of this time were mathematics, astronomy, biology, physics and chemistry. Typically, thescientific revolution is
considered the time in Europe starting around the end of the Renaissance period and lasting through the late 18th century. Between 1543 and 1700,
Europe underwent many changes that forever changed the thoughts and beliefs of society as a result of the scientific revolution. During this time, the
creation of many inventions came about and the studies of many people changed the culture of society. Evidence was no longer ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Harvey is given credit for being the first to accurately describe the entire circuit, including arteries and veins, of where the blood starts in the circulation
process and where it ends as a result of heart contractions. In the publication submitted by Copernicus, he established a model of the universe that
depicted the Sun and not the Earth at the center of the universe. He described the Earth revolving around the sun which was in contrast to earlier
thinking that suggested the sun revolved around the Earth (heliocentric theory). This revelation of thought started a change in the way the world was
viewed. Maybe the Earth was not the center of everything and maybe there was more out there that could be learned in order to scientifically
understand the world (Scientific revolution).
Johannes Kepler followed in the footsteps of Copernicus. He too believed that the sun was the center of the universe. Kepler was a religious man
and did not want to speak against his religious beliefs. He therefore took a different approach. He studied the heavens in order to better understand
how God put the planets in motion around the sun. He is best known for his formulation of the Laws of planetary Motion. The Laws of planetary
Motion consisted of three parts. The first part was the belief that the planets moved in elliptical orbits. The second part was the equal area law which

The Knowledge Of The Natural Sciences And History Based On...
When the quote states, "attempt to know the world", it is regarding the gain of knowledge. This is because knowledge is the understanding of the
physical world surrounding us and beyond. Plato defined knowledge as 'justified, true belief, meaning that for knowledge to be legitimate, it must be
justified by sources such as reason, empirical evidence or memory. Secondly, the term 'assumptions' in the quote should also be explored. According
to the oxford dictionary, assumptions can be defined as something 'that is accepted as true without proof' . Therefore the quote is stating that our
knowledge of the world is based on a set of assumptions. The second part of the assertion produces the knowledge issues of the inability of testing the
knowledge. The oxford dictionary defines 'tested' as taking measurements to check the reliability of the something. Therefore, a key question that
comes from this quote is: To what extent are all knowledge in the natural sciences and history based on assumptions and is it possible to test it's
reliability?
The first knowledge issue from this quote is that the knowledge gained from the physical world is based on things that without proof. This knowledge
issue can be interlinked with the area of knowledge of natural sciences. The natural sciences study the rules that govern the natural world by applying
an empirical and scientific method to study of the universe. It is considered on of the more objective area of knowledge due to the scientific

Christian Worldview Paper 1
Christian Worldview
Liberty University
Steps in Scientific Method
The scientific method is a tool that enables a person to seek out new knowledge, or correct and integrate new knowledge. It is composed of eight
individual steps: which start out with defining a question, gathering information and resources, form an explanatory hypothesis, test the hypothesis by
performing an experiment and collecting data in a reproducible manner, analyze the data, interpret the data and draw conclusions that serve as a starting
point for new hypothesis, publish results, and ends with a retest. The steps can be grouped into four different essential elements: operation, observation,
model, and utility function.
The first step in the scientific method ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
116).
In order for a person to accurately use the scientific method to gather knowledge and truth from the Bible a person should have a general Christian
worldview. A Christian worldview is "any ideology, philosophy, theology, movement or religion that provides an overarching approach to
understanding God, the world and man's relations to God and the world." (Noebel, D, 1995). In a biblical worldview the word of God is infallible. The
Bible is the foundation of everything Christians say and do. A person who is living in a secular worldview has beliefs filled with selfish, fallen–world
ideas that seductively appeal to the desires of one's flesh. A person with a Christian worldview already has the answer within their heart. So a person
with a Christian worldview is led to look for truth within the Bible which is revealed to them through revelation. Without the proper worldview, people
will be unable to find truth and knowledge within the Bible. In looking through a lens it is important to consider the lens that the material was
originally created from and intended for. The scientific method will continue to remain valid, only if analogous worldviews are shared.
The Christian worldview is compatible with the Scientific Method. The Christian Worldview promotes faith in works and the Scientific Method
promotes human intellect to search through God's works. According to Draper (2003), "The history of Science is not a mere record of isolated
discoveries; it is a narrative of

Scientific Research: What Is Scientific Research?
What is Scientific Research?
Scientific research has been define in many ways based on different point of view of some researchers/ philosophers. However, the term research
can be understand as a study to learn or gain new thing or information. According to Cambridge Dictionaries Online, scientific research is defined as
a detailed study of a subject, especially in order to discover (new) information or reach a (new) understanding. Furthermore, Macmillan Publishers
define scientific research as the detailed study of something to discover new facts, especially in a university or scientific institution. Research is a
process of acknowledge and also as a learning process in presenting new information based on the study that has been done recently. Research also is
the action of making a rigorous and relevant contribution to knowledge. It can be explained by understanding of a cause and effect relationship of a
given phenomenon or uncovering a new phenomenon. Based on other researcher ( Emery&Cooper) scientific research organized inquiry to provide
information for the solution to a problem. Thus, a careful and systematic investigation in some field of knowledge, undertaken to establish facts or
principles in order to provide a solution ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The most important role played by Bacon was in two points which he emphasized on experimental method and its role in scientific discovery, and he
also emphasized on role of science in development of society. In addition, he introduced science as enterprise of State, where the idea becomes central
in the modern communities. The idea that organized inquiry of knowledge is needed for human progressive have been the main source of inspiration
for scientific research in western world. Francis Bacon, who considered as the master mind of scientific science proposed that in order to dominate
Nature, we must learn how it

John Lewis Gaddis The Landscape Of History
The Landscape of History by John Lewis Gaddis, is an educational series of lectures that effectively advances the theories of famous historiographers.
He specifically focuses on historians like E.H. Carr and Marc Bloch and tries to encourage historians and students to not only reevaluate the concepts of
Carr and Bloch but to dissect the system that historiographers use. Gaddis, in an indirect approach does contest particular assumptions of
postmodernism, mainly the radical interpretation that historiographers remain incapable of creating deductions about the past. Gaddis's flair rests in
his handling of the historian's occupation and how he considers them both a science and an art. Through the examination of The Landscape of History,
the reader, gets a sense that Gaddis is combining the techniques of an artist and the methods of scientists. He describes throughout the whole book what
a historian does and what he must do with a mixture of inundating metaphors. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Additionally, they simultaneously study aftermaths that were initially unconnected in space and time. The useful comparison he employs is that a
historian is a like Cartographer. The historiographer generates a diagram with what he/she thinks is a depiction of times before. Somewhat, like a
Cartographist produces a map that signifies a segment of the planet's exterior, neither depiction can preserve all the features of the prototype. For every
single prototype someone has to concentrate on the subcategories of the initial selected prototype to demonstrate particular

Scientific Revolution Dbq
Few revolutions throughout history have surpassed the Scientific Revolution and the Neolithic Revolution, in terms of importance and impact on
humanity. The Scientific Revolution was, arguably, started by Nicolaus Copernicus in 1543, and was when thinkers in Europe stopped allowing the
Church to hinder their scientific ideas, and began using the scientific method (O.I.). The Neolithic Revolution was when humans began to domesticate
plants and animals, and began to live together in villages and towns, as opposed to being hunter gatherers, which started about 12,500 years ago (O.I.).
The Scientific Revolution was sparked by the surge of new ideas spread around Europe, due to the printing press (doc 4). The Scientific Revolution
also allowed

Attention Getter For Informative Speech Outline
Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the Scientific Method.
Importance to Audience: The Scientific Method can be used in everyday problems to effectively solve our problems.
Thesis Statement: The Scientific Method is not only important in the scientific community but in everyday life.
Introduction
Attention Getter: Science has been around for thousands of years and with it the Scientific Method. Science is that big complex subject that not only
explores very useful and applicable questions but is also the reason we have stupidly big words like Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis.
Credibility: I have used the Scientific Method in several Engineering and Science programs/contests, including, an Engineering program at Lockheed ...
Nobody thought we could ever be able to see something so incredibly small to properly observe and therefore prove that germs exist. Nowadays, the
fact that germs exist is common knowledge and anybody that doesn't believe that germs exist, and cause illness, might get some funny looks.
(Transition: Finally, let us explore how the Scientific Method is applicable to daily life.)
IV. Fourth Main Point: The Scientific Method can be used in daily life to improve your everyday problem solving.
A.Subpoint: Using the Scientific Method in daily life is less structured because, for the most part, you don't have to prove, beyond reasonable doubt,
your results to others.
B.Subpoint: The Scientific Method in general use doesn't require consist consideration of each step, expect maybe in extreme and extra complex
situation, but there isn't all that much harm in glancing over a step.
Example: Deducting the problem with your overheating tracker/car and using the Scientific Method to draw conclusions, test them, and get results. If
you test something and your car continues to overheat then you've concluded that it was not the issue. You would then repeat the same process until
you've reached your solution.
(Transition: In conclusion,)

How Do I Explain Behaviour.
Lecture How do we explain behavior
Behaviour generally refers to actions or reactions (an activity or response of some kind) of an object or organism usually in relation to the environment
or surrounding world of stimuli. Behaviour can be conscious or unconscious, overt or covert, voluntary or involuntary, sometimes it can be common,
unusual, acceptable, or outside acceptable limits. The acceptability of behavior is evaluated relative to social norms and regulated by various means of
social control.
Insight into human behavior comes from both scientific and non scientific investigations. The knowledge obtained through the senses (sight, sound,
touch, taste, smell) and experiences is non scientific. The knowledge acquired through this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Political scientists study international relationships, the workings of government, and the exercise of power and authority.
Psychologists investigate personality and individual behaviour.
Sociologists focus on the influence society has on people's attitudes and behaviour and the ways in which people shape society. They scientifically
examine human social relationships.
PSYCHOLOGY AND BEHAVIOUR
Psychology is an academic and applied field that is often defined as the scientific study of mental processes and behavior. Psychologists want to
understand every aspect of behavior (humans and organisms) therefore they explore the unknown world of nature through the use of scientific methods
which eliminate bias and opinion and provide convincing evidence.
Other methods of obtaining knowledge such as intuitions and personal experiences, logical deductions and common sense or pronouncements of
authority figures are not accepted by scientists. These sources of knowledge rely on opinions or beliefs that others may disagree with, or may be
created by someone who is biased or wrong. The scientific study of psychology is especially geared towards learning about an organism's behavior by
observing and studying that behaviour, while minimizing the influences of bias or opinion.
Psychology differs from sociology, anthropology, economics, and political science in part because it involves studying the mental processes and
behavior of individuals (alone or in

The Scientific Method Essay
The Scientific Method is the standardized procedure that scientists are supposed to follow when conducting experiments, in order to try to construct a
reliable, consistent, and non–arbitrary representation of our surroundings. To follow the Scientific Method is to stick very tightly to a order of
experimentation. First, the scientist must observe the phenomenon of interest. Next, the scientist must propose a hypothesis, or idea in which the
experiments will be based around. Then, through repeated experimentation, the hypothesis can either be proven false or become a theory. If the
hypothesis is proven to be false, the scientist must reformulate his or her ideas and come up with another hypothesis, and the experimentation begins
again. This ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore, flies were observed laying eggs where the maggots formed. Thus, he concluded that maggots are the result of flies, not spontaneous
generation. He then called the principles behind his experiment "Metodo Scientifico" or The Scientific Method.
The first cases of what would be considered properly using the Scientific Method can be found earlier, though, back in the studies of Galileo, early
in the 17th century. He first observed that heavy objects gain speed as they fall. He then proposed, or hypothesized, that the rate of falling of massive
objects was proportional to the distance that the object has fallen. Following the Scientific Method, he tested his hypothesis and found it to be false,
since objects falling unequal distances do not fall in the same amount of time, as his hypothesis led to. Since his hypothesis failed, he made a new one,
which proposed that the rate at which an object falls is directly proportional to the time the object has spent falling. This was tested by rolling balls
down an inclined plane and calculating the speed and time values from those observations. Later, these experiments led to the discovery of the
gravitational constant g, and a better understanding of the Scientific Method.
The Method has been used many times since Galileo conducted his experiments, and it has been considered a valid way of conducting experiments since

What Were the Causes and Consequences of the Scientific...
The Scientific Revolution was an important time in history, but it was by no means sudden. The catalyst of the Revolution were a while in the making
with writings and philosophies from Ancient Greece and Rome inspiring people and was a long process of gradual of upheaval, up until the
Enlightenment. This essay will examine the various, but not inexhaustible, causes that may have contributed to the Scientific Revolution; the teaching
and philosophies of Aristotle, Ptolemy and Descartes, The Renaissance, Humanism, the decay of the Catholic Church, the influential theories of
Copernicus and Kepler followed by the idea of Scientism. To finish, the essay will discuss some of the consequences brought about by the Scientific
Revolution; the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The teachings of the scientists of the time inspired a new cult to emerge that believed in the scientific method of proving the physical world. This was,
in my opinion, the final catalyst in the formation of the Scientific Revolution. Scientism was "The belief that science and the scientific method can
explain everything in the universe and that no other form on inquiry is valid."
The causes outlined and discussed above are by no means exhaustive and definite. They were, however, important to the birth of the Scientific
Revolution.
Secondly, the consequences of the Scientific Revolution were not felt immediately, nor were they felt by the society as a whole. The Revolution, in its
early stages, affected only the class of gentleman that could either afford to learn about the sciences or the upper–class noblemen. The common, and
majority, of the people did not feel the full effect of the Revolution until much later. Martin Luther instigated the Protestant Revolution, which was felt
through all classes and pay–scales of Europeans. The Protestant's break from the Catholic Church in the 1500's created an even bigger vacuum that was
quickly and eagerly filled with more scientific reformers. This continued to gradually erode at the physical Catholic Church. With its doctrine of
"absolute faith" in jeopardy, the church reacted against the Protestants and the Revolution.
The Catholic

Taylorism: Response Outside the USA
INTRODUCTION
Scientific Management was found in US by Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856–1915) who has been accorded the legacy of Scientific Management
system by most scholars (Wren, 2005). According to Wren (2005), Taylor was aspired to bring out an effective management system due to no formal
management at that time and were characterizes by various anomalies. Sullivan (1987) stated that Taylor's effort not only symbolized the beginning of
managerial era in industrial production but also indicate the end of craft era in the United States. In this essay, we shall explore Taylorism reception
outside USA and compares the reception of Taylorism between western and Asian Country.
TAYLORISM IN OUTSIDE USA
In 1911, F.W.Taylor published his... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Taylor's work had no direct impact Britain due to the hidebound conservatism of British executives (Nelson, 1992). The only visible aspect ofScientific
Management that come into view in England before the First World War is the 'Premium Bonus System' where each worker is given an incentive in
order to make the most out of his/her productivity and this system is very common in Britain Shopfloor (Caldari, 2007).
TAYLORISM IN FRANCE
F.W. Taylor's theories were first published in France in the early twentieth century. It was Henri Le Chatelier who broadens Taylor's work and
introduced scientific management in France and other large part of continental Europe (Nelson, 1992). Le Chatelier is a well–known chemist and
professor and because of that he manages to insure Taylor's ideas to be received within the highest circle of French society (Nelson, 1992). Together
with an engineer, Charles de FrГ©minville, Le Chatelier turns France into the centre of the European scientific management movement (Nelson, 1992).
It was Le Chatelier who introduces Andre and Edouard from the French tire Company, Michelin. (Tesi, 2009).
Tesi (2009) stated that there was growing trust on scientific management in all countries; France experience is particularly well documented. Prior to
the war, French military officers accepted scientific management for arsenal operations and introduced Taylor's methods in at least one plant.
Productions boost up

Essay on The New Archaeology Movement
With the evolution of available technologies and methodologies, some archaeologists became frustrated with the traditional ways of archaeology; they
felt that the new technologies should be used to improve archaeology and the outcomes of professionals in the field. The New Archaeology was a
movement that sought to contribute to the existing anthropological knowledge of human behavior by emerging as a science and separating itself from
the historical approach. New archaeology did not merely incorporate scientific technology, but it also employed various scientific methods and
approaches.
Lewis Binford was the most influential figure in New Archaeology; he considered that cultures were composed of "three interrelated subsystems: ...
Culture cannot be treated as a process because, in doing so, one would not take into account the many characteristics that distinguish cultures from each
other and that would alter the outcome of each civilization.
Furthermore, Binford believed that archaeology should contribute to explaining the significance of past occurrences, instead of merely reconstructing
them; consequently, he promoted the use of "explicit theory" (Renfrew and Bahn 41). Archaeologists were to formulate a theory for an event that had
occurred in the past and would need to provide proof in the form of sites and artifacts to prove that the event actually occurred. New Archaeology
supported the notion of using theories to explain the past. This would force archaeologists to provide proof for their conclusions, instead of merely
claiming that something is correct based on his authority in the field.
Additionally, this approach would change archaeological procedure to a scientific one: "the appropriate procedure was now seen as formulating
hypotheses, constructing models, and deducing their consequences" (Renfrew and Bahn 41). Implementing a scientific method for archaeological
research would undermine some artifacts and other findings and regard them as unimportant. If archaeologists were concerned with proving a
hypothesis correct, they may overlook an artifact that would not contribute to the hypothesis, but is still significant. New Archaeology promoted this
idea; the idea

Francis Bacon Research Paper
Many people have heard of the mathematicians Issac Newton, John Locke, or William Petty. All of these mathematicians changed history with
their groundbreaking ideas and methods. However, all of these mathematicians were influenced by the mathematician, Francis Bacon. Bacon was
influential in many aspects during the English Renaissance. He was an author, philosopher, scientist, mathematician, and served as Attorney
General and Lord Chancellor of England. Francis Bacon had a successful life, not only in the progress he made in science and math, but also other
achievements he made. Francis Bacon was born in London, England on January 22, 1561. He was born into a high class family with his father,
Nicolas Bacon, being the Lord Keeper of the Seal. His mother, Anne Bacon, was also the daughter of Edwards VI's tutor. At first Bacon was
homeschooled where he was taught the works of famous philosophers and scientists. Due to his family's wealth, at the age of twelve, Bacon was
able to attend Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1573. There, he met Queen Elizabeth, who was astounded by his intelligence. Then, in 1576, Bacon
attended law school at the Honorable Society of Gray's Inn. From there, he studied at the English Embassy in Paris where he learned valuable
political advice. Bacon's goal was to become as well versed in politics as possible, which brought him all over Europe. Eventually, Bacon was studying
languages, civil law, and statecraft while working for the English Ambassador.

The Progression Of Intellectual Development
The progression of intellectual development gives us a guide for which to judge the relative merits of historical ideas. This process proves to be
critical in our interpretation of the past. If the ideas of today are the successors to our intellectual heritage, then by its virtues they determine how
we construe history. In this regard we look back upon Aristotle. By modern standards this famous Greek philosopher is lionized as a transformative
scholar. Our adoration for Aristotle then must be derived from how our own history developed. This is not to make claim as to whether or not his
philosophies or opinions were correct, rather merely to state that his works proved so influential that society has a positive opinion of him. Looking
around today, however, it is hard to see how a philosopher who lived four thousand years ago could have an immediate impact on us. It is under this
pretense through the process of backwards inference that this paper is going to set out to prove that Aristotle's empirical methods form the basis for the
modern day scientific method and regardless of his views on natural philosophy, Aristotle remains a major authority in our contemporary intellectual
world.
In order to prove this a firm understanding of Aristotle and empiricism is imperative. From there then can trace the origins of the scientific method to
prove the relationship between the two. It is important to note that the scientific method gives us the foundation for which we perceive and

Knowledge Through Sense Perception, Emotion, Language, And...
Knowledge can be defined as information gained through sense perception, emotion, language and reason, while it is defined by Plato as
"justified true belief." The claim that knowledge takes the form of a combination of stories and facts is however not accurate in history and
biology. First, it brings up the questions of what are stories and what are facts. Stories are accounts of past events from somebody's perspective,
while a fact is the truth. When looking at the two areas of knowledge, they each favour one side of the combination over the other. For example,
knowledge from history mostly takes the form of stories, while knowledge from biology mostly takes the form of facts. This distinction between
the different types of knowledge leads to the knowledge questions of "How do we obtain knowledge in the different areas of knowing?" and "To
what extend is knowledge in certain areas of knowledge subjective or objective?" When studying history, the way to obtain knowledge from it is to
use primary and secondary sources, because we can only use sources from the events of past, and we cannot actually perceive the events. By the
reason of that, I believe that history is an area of knowledge that is mostly made up of stories, and what we call history is the modern interpretation of
those stories. This is because when I was studying about the atomic bombing in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, I found out that primary sources such as
newspaper articles from America had bias in them. They

The Rise Of The Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution made a greater impact on western history then the Enlightenment because of two main reasons, the printing press and the
scientific method. First off, the printing press changed society in many ways, from the enlightenment to present day. The printing press spread around
the new beliefs and ideas of the enlightenment, for example, many books like "Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems", "Starry
Messenger", and "On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies" became accessible due to the invention of the press. These ideas became known to
many, and people started to think for their own and create their own beliefs, with logic and doubt to ancient ideas such as church teachings. To further
prove the impact of

Conflicting Ideologies : Religion Vs. Science
Meyer 1
Eric Meyer
Mr. Hensley
AP 11 English Per. 3
3 February 2015
Conflicting Ideologies: Religion vs. Science in the Search for the Truth
The vast majority of the world's population is religious, with 84% affirming their belief in at least one god. Globally, 32% identify as Christian,
23% as Muslim, and 15% as Hindu (Langer), and 83% of all people in the United States associate with one denomination of Christianity or another
(Harper). Nearly all people of faith claim that their religious ideologies are positive and sensible aspects of society, but both currently and historically,
religious beliefs have clashed with the values and impeded the progress of science. Both science and religious faith have their positive aspects, but the
two are often incompatible and contradictory due to their vastly different approaches to finding the truth. As a result, individuals and even entire
societies must often decide which is of more value. Due to the fact that scientific truth is more prone to working in practical and positive ways, due to
its basis on the scientific method, than religious views of the truth, which are driven by dogma and faith, it is clear that a scientific approach to the
world is far more preferable.
It is quite apparent that science's approach to the truth is radically different from religion's. Science relies on the scientific method to determine the
veracity of a belief: an initial hypothesis is conceived of, and is then tested with an experiment that

History Of Science And Conceptual Understanding
History of science and conceptual understanding
According to Richard K Moran, and Page K, in " Teaching for Conceptual Understanding in Science", Studying history of science is important because
it enable students understand the development of thought, and generalization would be empty without concrete examples. In addition, One important
concern for shutting history of science out of the undergraduate science curriculum was an anxiety expressed about the history of science that the
history of science is 'composed of hypocrisy and skepticism " science scoundrels", therefore, it is condemned by the scientific community. It also
indicates that although there were early scientists 'naive thinking and ideas, such early thinking contribute to direct our present thinking and make
students' conceptual changes. It takes long time for students to make change and build their personal knowledge to become accepted. Moreover, it
mentions that one important misconception about the history of science is there are no mistakes and wrong turns science has taken; the development
of science is only thought is cumulative, and continuous in science from one generation to another one. Such an error is attributed to distorted histories
of science; especially those found in science textbooks, and contribute to widening the gap between historian and students. Furthermore, it indicates that
one important criteria of choosing between competing and alternative theories is those, which show

Scientific Model Benefits
The scientific model, also known as the scientific method, is an evidence–based method used to obtain knowledge on specific situations or questions. It
is used in the field of science for a wide variety of questions. This method has helped humans to answer some of the most difficult questions life such
as: how certain medicines help to cure disease(s), how certain foods can help or harm our species, along with countless others. Although there are many
benefits to the scientific method, we can pinpoint just a few. First, the scientific method helps to answer questions that are otherwise unbeknownst to the
world. They can also help determine ways in which the questions cannot be answered (testing different theories). Lastly, the scientific method is highly
regarded due to the fact that it tests various aspects of a hypothesis and tests it on numerous occasions. These are just some of the many reasons why
the scientific model, or method, is beneficial to the human race. When looking at the most important aspect of the scientific model, we focus primarily
on the most commonly seen effect of it, the notion that it helps to answer ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The scientific model calls for the questioner to test different possible answers to a hypothesis, while testing them various times. This helps to weed
out possible correct answers to the question, while also finding ways in which not to answer the question at hand. This can best be illustrated by the
famous quote of Ben Franklin; "When discovering the light bulb, I found 1000+ plus ways to NOT make a light bulb, all the while only finding one
way to do so." This proves that although science may come up with many incorrect answers to the hypothesis at question, they are equally as important
as they help us to stay away from them in the future. This aspect alone, helps us almost as much as finding the true answer to a

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