Ethics in Science Essay Scientific Theory Essay The Scientific Method Essay scientific literacy Essay

1. Ethics in Science Essay
What do you think of when you hear or see the word "science"; test tubes, Einstein, Space?
Science is "generally taken as meaning either (a) the exact sciences, such as chemistry, physics,
etc., or (b) a method of thought which obtains verifiable results by reasoning logically from
observed fact" (Orwell). Scientists are those who study science by scientific method. These "men of
science", which Orwell describes as "a biologist, and astronomer, perhaps a psychologist or a
mathematician", "work by means of induction and deduction, and that by the help of these
operations, they, in a sort of sense, wring from Nature certain other things, which are called natural
laws, and causes, and that out of these, by some cunning skill of their own,...show more content...
This undoubtedly demonstrations the pros and cons of inventions made through science. There
are people who abuse medicine, and other creations from science, for numerous different reasons.
Things like guns and nuclear weapons were formed to protect, but with the downside of killing
others. With all of this this being said, should there be a limit to things we make? More
importantly, does science have an ethical responsibility to humanity? I think to answer that
question, we need to start with deciding if scientists have an ethical responsibility to humanity. As
the saying goes, with knowledge comes power and with power comes responsibility. However,
there can be no limitation on the knowledge obtained from science. Instead, we must limit what
arises from knowledge and power. What are some responsibilities of scientists and the rest of the
population? Well, to start on the broadest sense, science should only be used for the absolute
necessary improvement of humanity. It is our ethical responsibility to not take advantage of
science to further the advancement of military power, as we have done with the creation of atomic
and nuclear bombs. Is it responsible to use science for fame, fortune and glory? No, and it is not
acceptable, but it is common for people to do so. If, for some reason, we had the option to save 80%
of endangered wildlife through scientific means, but with the consequence of harming the
atmosphere, would it be ethical to continue on? We would have
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2. Scientific Theory Essay
Scientific Theory
A scientific theory is a well–substantiated explanation of some aspects of the natural world, based on
a body of knowledge that has been repeatedly confirmed through observation and experiment.
Scientist creates scientific theories from hypothesis that have been corroborated through the
scientific method, then gather evidence to test their accuracy. The strength of a scientific theory is
related to the diversity of phenomena it can explain, which is measured by its ability to make
falsifiable predictions with respect to the phenomena. Scientific theories are the most reliable,
rigorous, and comprehensive for of scientific knowledge.
The scientific method involves the proposal and testing of hypotheses, by deriving...show more
content...
Theories are the main goal in science and no explanation can achieve a higher rank. (to the belief
that "theories" become "laws" over time). In some cases, theories can unify. Two or more theories
can be replaces by a single theory which explains the previous theories as approximations or
special cases, comparable to the way a theorys is connecting explanation for many confirmed
hypotheses: This is reffered to as Unification of Theories. Both scientific laws and scientific theories
are produced from scientific methods through the formation and testing of hypotheses, and can
predict the behavior of the natural world. Both are typically supported by observation and
experimental science. However, scientific laws are descriptive accounts of how nature will behave
under certain conditions. Scientific theories are broader in scope, and give overarching explanations
of how nature works and why it exhibits certain characteristics. They are supported by evidence from
many different sources, and may contain one or more laws.
Both scientific laws and scientific theories come from the scientific method through the formation
and testing of hypotheses, and can predict the behavior of the natural world. Both are usually well
supported by observations and/or experimental evidence. However laws are descriptive accounts of
how nature will behave under certain conditions. Assumption is a
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3. The Scientific Method Essay
The Scientific Method is the standardized procedure that scientists are supposed to follow when
conducting experiments, in order to try to construct a reliable, consistent, and non–arbitrary
representation of our surroundings. To follow the Scientific Method is to stick very tightly to a order
of experimentation. First, the scientist must observe the phenomenon of interest. Next, the scientist
must propose a hypothesis, or idea in which the experiments will be based around. Then, through
repeated experimentation, the hypothesis can either be proven false or become a theory. If the
hypothesis is proven to be false, the scientist must reformulate his or her ideas and come up with
another hypothesis, and the experimentation begins again. This...show more content...
Furthermore, flies were observed laying eggs where the maggots formed. Thus, he concluded that
maggots are the result of flies, not spontaneous generation. He then called the principles behind his
experiment "Metodo Scientifico" or The Scientific Method.
The first cases of what would be considered properly using the Scientific Method can be found
earlier, though, back in the studies of Galileo, early in the 17th century. He first observed that
heavy objects gain speed as they fall. He then proposed, or hypothesized, that the rate of falling of
massive objects was proportional to the distance that the object has fallen. Following the Scientific
Method, he tested his hypothesis and found it to be false, since objects falling unequal distances do
not fall in the same amount of time, as his hypothesis led to. Since his hypothesis failed, he made a
new one, which proposed that the rate at which an object falls is directly proportional to the time the
object has spent falling. This was tested by rolling balls down an inclined plane and calculating the
speed and time values from those observations. Later, these experiments led to the discovery of the
gravitational constant g, and a better understanding of the Scientific Method.
The Method has been used many times since Galileo conducted his experiments, and it has been
considered a valid way of conducting experiments since
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4. scientific literacy Essay
Scientific literacy
Introduction and audience
When talk about science, perhaps majority of us think it is less relative with real life. However, as
society developed, science encompassed us everywhere. This situation forces everyone to acquire the
ability to learn and understand science. Some may think that, scientific literacy is what a scientist
should have and nothing about normal people, however it is just too narrow. Look around the
surroundings of us, everything is conned with science. Also, we encounter science in our normal life
as well. Therefore, the ability to acquire and understand science is necessary and important, which is
called scientific literacy. Scientific literacy is the foundation of science and technology...show more
content...
Also, they might doubt the ingredient of their product (thinking creatively). What were they made
of, would that influence their health? Finally, we made the decision, it was a deceptive advertising
and we wouldn't purchase it(problem solved). This is the one typical example process of using
scientific way to solve problems.
So far, we could tell scientific literacy is useful, but does it necessary for us? The next part is
telling why it is necessary and the basic science knowledge to acquire it.
Science knowledge is necessary
As the rapid development of science and technology, everyone in society is required to acquire
higher scientific literate skill. What if one doesn't acquire scientific literacy, not only he/she could
not engage in science study or research, but would encounter difficulties in normal life. For
example, when we want to look for a book in the library, it would be so simply if we check it
online, copy the index of the book and then go find it directly. However, people who don't have the
ability to acquire computer skill would have difficult. Therefore, scientific literacy is necessary in
contemporary life.
There is no doubt that science knowledge is the significant part of scientific literacy. Therefore,
learning science is the first step. What is science? Just taking a look at our surroundings, it not hard
to find that science is everywhere. Simply example like how the lamp is lighted, which
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