I want to share with you and receive some works, handsheets and experiences and anymore to enrich my/our learning...

1. ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
AND APPOSITIVES

2. APPOSITIVES
• Adds extra information. Explain, give detail to the noun or noun phrase beside it.
• The cat sat in the snow.
• Details? Which cat?
• The cat, a grumpy feline in a Christmas hat, sat in the snow.

3. COMMAS
• My friend makes incredible chocolate fudge
Which friend?
My friend Tina makes incredible fudge.
Tina is a necessary appositive ( not extra information), because I didn’t know which
friend made the fudge. So, I don’t use commas.
Tina, my friend, makes incredible fudge.
“my friend” is not a necessary appositive (extra information), because I know which
friend made the fudge. So, I use commas
Tina

4. REMEMBER!!
Necessary information (don’t use commas)
Unnecessary information (use commas)

5. ADJECTIVE CLAUSES GIVE EXTRA
INFORMATION TO THE NONE
(MODIFIES THE NOUN OF A
SENTENCE)

6. WHEN TO USE COMMAS
NONRESTRICTIVE /
NONESSENTIAL
• Pizza, which most people love, is not very healthy.
• Chicago, which is located on lake Michigan, is the third largest city.
• Sulaf, who is my reading and writing teacher, loves her students from Peru.
The information between the commas is “extra” information. I can take it out, and it
would not change the meaning of the sentence.

7. WHEN TO NOT USE COMMAS
RESTRICTIVE / ESSENTIAL
• The woman who is wearing the red dress is my piano teacher.
• The people whose names are on the list will go to camp.
• Grandpa remembers the old days when there was no television.
• Fruit that is grown organically is expensive.
• Students who are intelligent get good grades.
• Eco-friendly cars that run on electricity save gas.
• I know someone whose father served in World War II.
• The kids who were called first will have the best chance of getting a seat.

8. REMEMBER!
• Commas = a non-restrictive adjective clause = nonessential information
• No Commas = a restrictive adjective clause = essential information

9. INTERESTING COMMA USE
• My brother, who lives in Tempe, is an engineer.
• One brother, extra information.
• Nonrestrictive/ nonessential
• My brother who lives in Tempe is an engineer.
• More than one brother, it is important information
• Restrictive/ essential