crop

1. Joel ManningandCristal Chaplin G.A.4
HEART TRUST /NTA
WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT AND EMPLOYMENT
DIVISION
EBONY PARK ACADEMY
MAJOR ASSIGNMENT
OF
GENERAL AGRICULTURAL LEVEL 2
CLUSTER:
SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR
CERTIFICATION
SUBMITTED BY: Joel Manning and Cristal Chaplin
SUBMITTED TO: Mr. Jones
Due: November 4, 2019
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2. Joel ManningandCristal Chaplin G.A.4
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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3. Joel ManningandCristal Chaplin G.A.4
INTRODUCTION
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4. Joel ManningandCristal Chaplin G.A.4
TABLE OF CONTENT
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5. Joel ManningandCristal Chaplin G.A.4
INSTRUCTION
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6. Joel ManningandCristal Chaplin G.A.4
Sweet potatoes
Scientific name: Ipomoea batatas
Description: The sweet potato is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the bindweed or
morning glory family, Convolvulaceae. Its large, starchy, sweet-tasting, tuberous roots are a root
vegetable. The young leaves and shoots are sometimes eaten as greens.
Land preparation: Sweetpotato grows best and produces smooth, well-shaped storage roots in a
well-prepared soil. Good land or soil preparation involves removal or incorporation of crop
debris and any vegetation that may compete with the sweetpotato crop, and deep manual or
mechanical cultivation.Cultivation aims to turn over the topsoil and loosen the compacted soil
below, to achieve a good tilth for forming the hills or ridges, and provide a soft, uniform medium
where storage root growth is not impeded.
Planting distance: Sweet potatoes mature in 90 to 170 days and they're extremely frost
sensitive. Plant in full sun three to four weeks after the last frost when the soil has warmed. Make
holes 6 inches deep and 12 inches apart.
Varties: The Uplifter R, Quarter Million, Eustace, Big ed, Clarendon, Blue Bud and Dor are
most popular.
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7. Joel ManningandCristal Chaplin G.A.4
Materials/Pest Management: Select vines that are healthy, vigorous and lush growth. Tender
and medium (semi-mature) parts for planting. Cuttings from bases of vines carry the sweet
potato worm (SPW) and the sweet potato stem borer. Avoid plants with pests and diseases
especially the SPW and the SPVD. Many sweet potato pests and diseases are stem=borne and
spread through distribution and planting of infested or diseased cuttings.Vines for planting
should come from actively growing and disease-free plants. The vines should be shoot tip
cuttings since the meristem tic cells are still actively dividing.
2-3 node cuttings are recommended
Crop Usage: Consumption of fresh roots or leaves (vines)
*Animal feed
*Flour
*Snack
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8. Joel ManningandCristal Chaplin G.A.4
Dioscorea alata
Yam is the common name for some plant species in the genus Dioscorea that form edible tubers.
Yams are perennial herbaceous vines cultivated for the consumption of their starchy tubers in
many temperate and tropical world regions, especially Latin America, Africa, Asia, and Oceania.
Preparation and Planting of Seed Yams
 Cut large yam tubers into appropriate sizes. ...
 Treat sets with a fungicide (e.g., thiabendazole), and allow to air dry under shade (e.g.,
for 4 h) before planting.
 Plant yam sets 10 cm deep in soil to avoid exposure to sun. ...
 Mulch yam mounds and ridges.
Yam is planted at a recommended distance of 1 m x 1 m for (ware yam production) while closer
intra-row spacing of about 20 - 40 cm is required for smaller setts. Yam planting is done by
placing the skin of the cut sett in close contact with the soil and covering with soil.
White Yam, Indian Yam, Sweet Yam, St. Vincent, Lucea and Renta, (all white Yams), and the
Yellow Yam.
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9. Joel ManningandCristal Chaplin G.A.4
Care should be taken to select “clean” planting material. This means choosing cuttings that are
free of insects, soil, and any symptoms of viruses or fungal diseases.
Generally the apical portion of the vine is better than the middle or basal portions. This portion is
less likely to carry sweetpotato weevils and fungal pathogens, and has been found to establish
faster than other portions. For cultivars with long vines, the second or third cut is acceptable.
Sometimes, the second cutting is better than the apical portion, if vine growth has been so fast
that the stem has not matured in the apical portion.
Length of cutting is less important than the number of nodes. Typical size is 20-40 cm, with 5-8
nodes. The conditions of the field may influence the relationship between cutting length and crop
development. Farmers should experiment to decide what length is best under their conditions.
Usually one-third to two-thirds of the cutting is buried. A minimum of 2-3 nodes, but up to about
8 nodes, is placed under the soil. The effect of number of buried nodes on the final yield is
inconsistent among reported studies, but may depend on the plant density, with lower number of
nodes being acceptable at higher plant density.The delay between cutting and planting may affect
yield depending on the storage conditions for the cuttings. Storing cuttings for one to two days in
humid conditions may be beneficial, promoting rooting at the nodes. Longer storage may
adversely affect establishment by exhaustion of the cuttings’ energy reserves. To minimize
losses, leaves should be stripped from
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10. Joel ManningandCristal Chaplin G.A.4
the lower portion of the cutting, and bundles of cuttings wrapped in a wet cloth or sack and kept
in a cool, shady place away from wind. If roots develop during storage, they should be planted
carefully to minimize damage to the roots.
If planting material is to be maintained in a multiplication plot before planting of the next crop,
plant cuttings at approximately 15 x 20 cm spacing. New growth may be ready for cutting after
45 days.
The greater yam beetle (Heteroligus meles) attacks the tubers. Adult beetles eat the planting setts
and plants may wilt and die. The holes in tubers reduce market value.Scale insects and
mealybugs may infest the tubers, especially during storage. Nematodes attack the plant, resulting
in warty appearance of the tuber.
They're a great source of fiber, potassium, manganese, copper, and antioxidants. Yams are linked
to various health benefits and may boost brain health, reduce inflammation, and improve blood
sugar control. They're versatile, easy to prepare, and a great vegetable to include in your diet in
both sweet and savory dishes.
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11. Joel ManningandCristal Chaplin G.A.4
Scientific name: Solanum lycopersicum
The tomato is the edible, often red, berry of the plant Solanum lycopersicum, commonly known
as a tomato plant. The species originated in western South America and Central America. The
Nahuatl (Aztec language) word tomatl gave rise to the Spanish word tomate, from which the
English word tomato derived.
for tomatoes land preparation
Tomato Crop Land Preparation. Deep ploughing is recommended which is to be followed by
cross cultivation with cultivator. The land needs to be levelled before transplanting of the tomato
Land preparation is the first step before planting tomatoes. Almost all tomatoes are planted on
raised beds in some countries. The correct tomato plant spacing is dependent upon which variety
of tomato is being grown. Generally speaking, the ideal spacing for tomato plants is between 24-
36 inches apart. Spacing tomato plants any closer than 24 inches will reduce air circulation
around the plants and may result in disease. Red Beefsteak Tomatoes. The king of tomatoes,
THE salsa tomato ,Green Beefsteak Tomatoes. Cherry Tomatoes, Cocktail Tomatoes,Roma
Tomatoes,Heirloom Tomatoes, Tomatoes On The Vine.
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12. Joel ManningandCristal Chaplin G.A.4
Materials List
 Tomato plant.
 Large container (at least 5 gallons)
 Potting soil.
 Mulch (such as wood chips, straw, or compost)
 Trellis or cage.
 Trowel.
 Gloves.
 Organic fertilizer.
Many of the pests that make a meal out of your tomato plants can be controlled by the
judicious use of BT (Bacillus thuringiensis). BT, which is actually a microbial disease, is
not toxic to people, animals, birds or even beneficial insects.
The fruits are commonly eaten raw in salads, served as a cooked vegetable, used as an
ingredient of various prepared dishes, and pickled.
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13. Joel ManningandCristal Chaplin G.A.4
Maize
Scientific name: Zea mays
Maize, also known as corn, is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern
Mexico about 10,000 years ago. The leafy stalk of the plant produces pollen inflorescences and
separate ovuliferous inflorescences called ears that yield kernels or seeds, which are fruits.
It typically involves (1) plowing to "till" or dig-up, mix, and overturn the soil; (2) harrowing to
break the soil clods into smaller mass and incorporate plant residue, and (3) leveling the field.
Initial land preparation begins after your last harvest or during fallow period.
Generally, maize is planted 3 to 5cm deep in rows, with spacing governed by harvesting
equipment, regional preferences and maize type/end use. Grain maize is usually grown with row
spacings of between 50 to 210cm.
The six major types of maize are dent corn, flint corn, pod corn, popcorn, flour corn, and sweet
corn.

14. Joel ManningandCristal Chaplin G.A.4
References
 Rasco, E.T., Jr. and Amante, V. 2000. Sweetpotato in Tropical Asia. SAPPRAD-
PCARRD. 230 p.
 van de Fliert, E. and Braun, A. 1999. Farmer field school for integrated crop management
of sweetpotato. Field guides and technical manual. International Potato Center. Lima,
Peru. 266 p.
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15. Joel ManningandCristal Chaplin G.A.4