goat

1. Demonstrators: Joel Manning, Tevon Morrison and
Christal Chaplin
The Aim:
To rear strong, healthy, well grown calves that will
continue to grow steadily after weaning.

2. INTRODUCTION
We have managed to come together as researchers to
find out about and outline in this PowerPoint about
Black-Sooty Mold; this project is not limited to this crop
disease only, but other aspects as relates to its similarity
that relates. I’ve also took time out to add the addition
information of symptom and signs of Black-Sooty Mold.
May you find joy, and intellectual stimulus when reading
this project.

3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Gratitude is owed to our references, which provided for a
detailed research on Black-Sooty Mold. Special thanks to
Mrs. Miller, language and communication teacher, for
giving us this research to give typed inputs; thanks are
also owed to our Guest for their patients, and Ms. Hewitt
who overview my work and providing me with reviews.

4. Dystocia
Dystocia refers to abnormal or
difficult birth.

5. CON’T
Any apparent or suspected departure from
the part visible in the vulva; if so, identify
the membrane and normal birth should be
investigated. Specific signs of its condition
or the fetal presentation and position; is
dystocia are: prolonged, non-progressive,
first stage there any vaginal discharge that
may indicate, for example, labor; the cow
standing in an abnormal posture during
fetal death .

6. Calf Care
The feeding and care of the calf being
before its birth .The dam should be
dried 6-8 weeks before expected
calving and should be fed well. Under
fed animals will give weak and small
calves. A) Early Management:
Immediately after birth remove any
mucous or phlegm from those nose and
mouth.

7. Calves Require:
Food
Milk
Concentrate (pellets/grain)
Straw/hay
Clean water
Shelter
TLC (tender loving care)

8. Milk
Each calf requires
minimum 2 litres of good colostrum within 6
hours of birth.
another 2 litres within next 6 hours
and 2 litres within the next 12 hours
Daily milk must be a constant temperature
warm or cold
Don’t over feed

9. Facilities
 Well ventilated
 Easily (and regularly) cleaned
 Sufficient room to prevent
overcrowding
 Allow 1½ - 2 sq. metres /calf
 At least 5½ cubic metres of total shed
volume/calf

10. Feeding Methods
Rubber teats
Trough
Drum

11. Rubber Teats
 No difference in growth between bucket fed
and buckets with teats
 Easier to train calf to drink from a teat
 can save time
 Some evidence scouring calves maintain fluid
intake better if fed by teat
 Teats and tubes need extra washing up

12. Trough
 May be used with/without rubber teats
 Must be 1 teat/calf
 If using without teats, allow at least
40cm of trough per calf
 Best to match calves for drinking speed
and age

13. Drums
 Used with teats and tubes - similar to
troughs
 Suitable for ad lib feeding because it is
easily covered
 At least 1 teat per calf should be
provided to avoid competition and a
range of weaning weights

14. Choosing a Feeding System
Twice per day
Once per day
Ad Lib

15. Twice per Day
DISADVANTAGES
• Labor intensive, at a
particularly busy time on
the farm
ADVANTAGES
 Able to feed more
liquid/day - better
growth rates
 Small calves do better
with more frequent
feeds
 Calves receive attention
twice/day
 More even growth rates
& weaning weights

16. Once per Day

17. Ad Lib
 Calves have constant access to feed

18. Ad Lib - Advantages
 Substantial labour saving
 Faster growth rates - earlier weaning
possible
 Calves don’t need to be handy
 Calves don’t bellow
 Feeding can be done at any time of the
day

19. Ad Lib - Disadvantages
 More costly in terms of milk input
 Large variability in liveweight gains
 Calf growth can be poorer at weaning if
rumen not developed well enough
 Calves not well observed for health
problems
 Some calves slow to learn how to use
system

20. Early Weaning
 Calves can be weaned as early as 4 - 6 weeks
 Once daily milk offered to encourage pellet intake
 Access to good quality (20% protein) calf pellets
from 1 week of age (or earlier)
 Exclusion from pasture until after weaning to
encourage pellet intake
 Milk removed after 4 - 6 weeks, but pellets
provided after weaning
 500grams pellets/day consumed at weaning.

21. colostrum and milk
is that colostrum is (medicine) a form of milk
produced by the mammary glands in late
pregnancy and the few days after giving birth,
human and bovine colostrum is thick and
yellowish in humans, it has high concentrations
of nutrients and antibodies, but it is small in
quantity while milk is (uncountable) a white
liquid produced by the mammary glands of
female mammals to nourish their young from
certain animals, especially cows, it is a common
food for humans as a beverage or used to
produce various dairy products such as butter,
cheese, and yogurt.

22. APPENDIX

23. Reference
 Kahn, C. (2005) The Merck Veterinary Manual 9th Edition Merck and Co
 Frame, N. (2006) Management of dystocia in cattle In Practice 28:470-476
 Neilson, JP; Lavender, T; Quenby, S;Wray,
S (2003). "Obstructed labor“.