Ethers, Oxygenating fuel,CH3OCH3

1. 3. Alternative Fuels
.
Ethers
 Oxygenating fuel that improves the
combustion efficiency.
 Dimethyl ether is the commonly blending
in gasoline fuel.
 DME can be produced from natural gas
and gasification of coal or biomass and
synthesis.
 DME is fuels and consisting of two
methyl groups bonded to central oxygen
and chemical formula CH3OCH3.

2. Ethers
.
-> 1 lakh to 1.5 lakh tons of DME is produced per
annum worldwide
-> DME is a colorless gas at room temperature.
-> Vapor pressure of 5.93 bar at 25ºc.
-> Highly flammable in air.
-> DME has no corrosive effects on metals but it is a
good solvent.
-> DME has high cetane number (55– 60). D 45 to 55
-> However, the calorific value of DME is 28.5 MJ/kg
whereas for diesel 42.5 MJ/kg.
-> DME is a gas at ambient conditions but it can be
liquefied under pressure.
-> Diethyl ether (DEE) can be used as a renewable fuel
additive.
-> DEE is liquid at ambient conditions.

3. Alternative Fuels
Electric
 Vehicles by means of an electric
motor.
 Electric vehicles are noiseless
Electricity is generated from
 coal,
 Natural,
 Solar,
 Fuel cell,
 On board diesel engine,
 Gas, and nuclear energy

4. Alternative Fuels
.
Hybrid Vehicles
 When the driver applies the brakes, the
motor becomes a generator.
 Using the kinetic energy of the vehicle to
generate electricity that can be stored in
the battery for later use.
 With the low-noise.
 Low-exhaust emissions.

5. Alternative Fuels
.
Future Fuels
 Fuel cells are electrochemical devices
that convert into electrical energy.
 Next generation fuels.
 Synthetic fuel, it’s production generally
the hydrogen addition process.
 Depending upon the synthesis process,
several types of fuels can be produced.
 Without modification to the vehicle
engine or fueling infrastructure.

6. Alternative Fuels
Some of the production plants
 Sasol, south Africa: 156,000 bpd,
mainly coal.
 Shell, Malaysia: 15,000 bpd,
natural gas.
 Qatar: 2 × 34,000 bpd, natural
gas.
 Sasol shell, united states: 5,000
bpd, waste coal shell,
 Sasol shell Qatar: 140,000 bpd

7. Alternative Fuels
.
 Currently, three technologies used to
produce liquid fuel.
-CTL: coal to liquid,
-BTL: biomass to liquid,
-GTL: gas to liquid
o Automotive manufacturers,
o Oil industry,
o Academic institutions are doing research
on production and storage of alternative
fuels.
However, the success of alternative fuels
depends upon government polices and cost
of the fuel.

8. Biodiesel properties
compared with diesel.
1. Density
2. Viscosity
3. Flash point
4. Cloud point
5. Pour point
6. Cetane number
7. Calorific value
 Non-edible

9. Biodiesel properties
compared with diesel. .
1. Density
2. Viscosity
3. Flash point
4. Cloud point
5. Pour point
6. Cetane number
7. Calorific value
 Edible oil

10. Good Properties of
Fuels
1. High energy density KJ/kg.
2. Should easy to handle.
3. Good combustion qualities.
4. High thermal stability.
5. Low deposit forming density.
6. Free from hazard.
7. No chemical rxn engine components.
8. Easily mix with air.
9. Not corrosive engine parts.
10.Low toxicity.
11.Minimum pollution.
12.Economically available very large
quantities.
.

11. Requirements of fuel
for S.I Engines .
Gasoline mixture of
hydrocarbons such as
 Paraffin
 Olefins
 Napthene
 Aromatics

12. Good fuel for SI engine
.
1. Evaporate quickly when injected by
carburetor.
2. Not pre ignite.
3. Easy to handle.
4. Easily available at reasonable cost.
5. Burn clean and not deposit redue.
6. Exhaust not corrosion engine parts.
7. High calorific value.
8. Knock resistant.

13. We’ll meet with part 3
.
.