The English Of The Middle English

The English Of The Middle English
American English is consistently changing it began with the Anglo–Saxon settlement. The next
settlement that helped influence the English language was the Scandinavians which have some
words with hybridization with spelling from Old English and Norse origins. During the Middle
English period is when the most influencing happened with the Old English being broke down and
replaced with the same English system we use today. During the early modern periods
standardization began giving a standard for spelling and grammar. From there on English continued
to evolve and was influenced from all over the world.
The Proto–Indo European language is spoken in the Baltic area until the Celtic's take over and
inhabit Spain, France, Germany Austria, Eastern Europe, and the British Isles. It is suggested by
many that the Celtic language helped influence the English Language today. In 55 B.C. the Romans
begin to raid the British Isles and end up taking over Britain. The first Germanic tribes Jutes, Angles
and Saxons arrive in England from the North Sea. The Roman Empire collapses and Romans start to
leave Britain. 400–600 A.D. occurred during the Old English time period where most of Britain had
become settled by the Germanic people, the Angles spoke dialects of Englisc which comes from the
words England and English. The language is related to Latin due to the early contact with the
Romans. Angelo–Saxons move in to Britain to become farmers taking over rich English farmland.
The
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Development And History Of Australian English
Introduction: Development and History of Australian English The growth and domination the
English Language has seen globally is not only unprecedented, but comes as no surprise; "The
spread of the English language and its culture over the world is a major event in human history"
(Algeo, 2005, pp.6). As the Lingua Franca of the developing world and a third of the world's
population speaking English (Crystal, 2006), its importance, appeal and prestige cannot be
undermined. Maybe it is because of its "richness and variety" (Gooden, 2001), inherited and adopted
after colonialism (Algeo, 2005) or simple, a tool for international development (Erlin and Seargeant,
2013). Nonetheless, the spread of English has led to many diverse varieties and ... Show more
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It is likely that AusE was formed in the speech of those born between 1790 and 1840" (Kachru et al.,
2009, p.296) As the diagram (Jupp, 2001, pp.796) illustrates, discounting Australia, the most popular
birthplace recorded is London and South east. It is also evident from the nature of Australian speech
today. However, Crystal disagrees with Trudgill and table, stating that " Many of the convicts came
from London and Ireland (especially following the 1798 Irish rebellion), and features of the
Cockney accent of London and the brogue of the Irish English can be traced in the speech in the
speech patterns heard in Australia today" (Crystal, 2003, pp.41) Evidence of origin (First wave): In
terms of borrowings, many eighteenth/nineteenth Century expressions can be linked to regional
dialects, for example: Fossick 'to rummage' (< Cornwall); Stone the crows 'expression of surprise' (<
London Cockney); Cobber 'mate' (< Suffolk). (Burridge 2010) Likewise, in terms of phonology,
AusE has very distinctive features phonemically, particularly the production of vowels "Australian
English speakers tend to have the tongue slightly closer

The First Form Of English Language
Editor Doug Larson once remarked, "If the English language made any sense, lackadaisical would
have something to do with a shortage of flowers." Even at an early stage, all English learners realize
how complex and versatile the English language can be. Due to its extensive lineage and consistent
reformation, the English language holds a highly diversified panorama of linguistic landscape.
Dating back as early as 410 A.D., the fall of the Roman empire, neighboring countries and tribes
vigorously fought for the rule of England (Literature). In the act, they transformed human
interaction and left imprints of influence not only in monarchy or social paradigms, but in linguistic
advancements as well. The English language has been a hybridized substance molded in the hands
of war, exploration, and cultural innovation. The first form of English was developed during the
Anglo–Saxon period which was initiated by the arrival of the Jutes, Saxons, and Angles to England
around 449 A.D. The mixture of the inhabitants' Celtic and Latin –based dialects in addition to the
languages of the three Germanic tribes, created what is now known as Old English (History). As the
Anglo–Saxons were slowly converted to Christians, the number of written religious texts also
increased which caused a linguistic and cultural impact (Durkin). Philip Durkin stated that the
"impress of the literary culture of Latin Christianity" was one of the primary reasons why
researchers were able to

English Around Time By Samuel Johnson
English Across Time Natalie Trang
11ENL02 TRA0130
Across time, many people have advocated for the stabilisation of the English language. Samuel
Johnson was a lexicographer who dedicated his life to doing so. He published his dictionary in 1755,
in an effort to prescribe the use of the London dialect of English. However, his aims were not met
and people continued to speak in their various dialects. What Samuel Johnson did not expect was the
unstoppable way in which language evolves. Neither did he realise the timeframe required for ...
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The people of England in Johnson's time lived segregated lives in their various social classes. The
royals would have had a use for words that the lower–class may never have even heard of. It would
be difficult to create one version of English that was current and able to accommodate all the
speakers. The needs of its speakers direct the change in a language. Dr. Samuel Johnson's dictionary
was unable to encapsulate everything that the speakers wanted to express, so they continued to
mould the English language to suit them.
Changes in a language require time for its users to learn how to incorporate it into daily speech and
spread it. For Dr. Johnson's version to become the only version of English, it would require many
speakers to make changes in their speech and writing habits. Before this happened though, the
Industrial revolution came about and brought with it major developments in people's lives. Technical
words such as 'cylindrical steam press' were invented to describe the newly developed technology.
These additions to the speakers' lexicons were not limited to technology. The industrial revolution
increased trade and with this, the English borrowed words, such as 'crinoline', a stiffened petticoat.
Along with neologisms, the semantic meanings of words also broadened in order to cover new uses.
One such word was vacuum, which meant 'devoid of matter', and later also came to mean 'a machine
that sucks up

Norman English And The English Language
The English language has been evolving since the fifth century (or 400 AD), and throughout history
many different people from different countries attempted invasions. One being the Norman French,
who made a very significant impact on the English language, as their unique French dialect allowed
the people of England to flourish their language by borrowing terms from the French. Over 10,000
French words have been applied to certain areas of English, such as art, fashion and cuisine.
Cuisine, in particular, has adopted many French terms that are still being used today to describe
various food items, especially dessert items. In present times, at least "three quarters of these words"
continue to be used for the various dessert items (Ager 2012). With that, the Norman French helped
shape not only part of the French culture of cuisine, but was also integrated into the English
language and expanded its lexicon.
Authors Baugh and Cable claim in their book "A History of The English Language" that the Norman
conquest is one of the most important invasions and progressions made in history that ultimately
shaped our modern–day language. Before the Norman conquest, the people of England spoke only
Old English, which was a Germanic language due to the country being mostly made up of German
people at the time. However, across from England was a place in France called 'Normandy'; the
name having been derived "from the bands of Northmen" whom were originally people from
Scandinavia and had

Language Interaction Through Conquest And / Or Migration
Language interaction through conquest and/or migration brings speakers of one language into
contact with speakers of another language which can result in communication challenges, a new or
modified language, assimilation and/or dissimilation of language, and bilingualism. This integration
can complicate the dialogue between groups of human beings because of phonological,
morphological, semantic, syntactical, and lexical challenges of the two languages, as well as,
potentially cause a language shift or the replacement of a language. The book, The Social Conquest
of the Earth, stated: "...language is responsible for understanding and sharing intentions when in fact
the idea of linguistic communication without these underlying skills is incoherent. And so, while it
is true that language represents a major difference between humans and other primates, we believe
that it actually derives from the uniquely human abilities to read and share intentions with other
people–which also underwrite other uniquely human skills that emerge along with language as a
declarative gestures, collaboration, pretense and imitative learning." (Wilson 229) In order for
humans to understanding one another through communication, share our intentions, and be coherent,
a proficiency of the language is extremely important. Sociolinguistics and psycholinguistics are two
fields of linguistics that deal with the how and why we communication. Per the textbook Linguistics
for Everyone – An

Essay On The Modern English Period
As Old English and Middle English period, the Modern English Period is linked to several historical
events, changes and inventions. Defining changes from one period to another vary a lot; therefore it
is important to mention some of them which are part of Modern English. The Early Modern English
Period is dated from 1500 to 1800. As we have seen Modern English has developed a vocabulary of
great extent and richness that is drawn from many other languages of the world. It has few
inflections but its syntactic rules are presumably as intricate as those of any language. Its verbal
system represents great complexities on making delicate distinctions. It is a concrete and also
abstract language, whereas its spelling is fairly irregular even though ... Show more content on
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Those are also the main historical events that mark the beginning of this new era. In the time of
Tudor Dynasty an intellectual revolution hit London during the reign of Henry VIII, the scholars that
he sent to Italy learned Latin and Greek languages, which they taught in the Universities of Oxford
and Cambridge. Books were available throughout the country, and they brought the Renaissance in
England, while encouraging the study of sciences, philosophy, literature and arts. Thus the rise of
the Tudors in England and the Renaissance all over opened a new chapter of "Modern Age" in the
History of England. During the Renaissance many positive developments took place in Europe and
especially in England. The English people became more united and trusted more on their own
Church, a spirit of nationalism spread all over England. The English language, literature and people
were becoming more distinctive. Many new words and phrases entered English and Shakespeare as
one of the most famous writers of the world then and now, created a tremendous number of new
words which is estimated to be around 34.000 (thousand) new words. Nowadays many students
having difficulty understanding Shakespeare would be surprised to know that he wrote in "modern

Samuel Johnson's Contribution Of The English Language
English language is one of the most important and official languages in many countries. English
language has many purposes and can be used in many different ways. It can be used in person
communication; people use it as a language to understand and communicate between each other.
Business communication; business men and workers use English language to expand their work, get
more opportunities, build and improve international relationships, help their company to succeed,
communicate to trust the colleagues and clients. Entertainment communication; a huge number of
famous people usually communicate by using the English language. A huge number of top movies,
music and books and published and produced in English. People use dictionaries to understand ...
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It even gives us an accurate and reliable type of grammar, comprehension and vocabulary of the
words. The codification of English was as primary component in the process of standardization, it is
known that the history of English illustrates the inevitability of linguistic change. "In the
seventeenth and eighteenth century, the lexicographers in England had published some developed
dictionaries, but the lexicons in both England and America were set to standards by Samuel
Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language." (Seargeant and Swann, 2012) "Samuel Johnson was
born in 1709 in Lichfield, Staffordshire. The son of a bookseller, he rose to become one of the
greatest literary figures of the eighteenth century, most famously compiling A Dictionary of the
English Language." (Dr. Johnson's House, Samuel Johnson, 2012).
Before getting into more details about Dr. Johnson's dictionary, let's mention that the English
language grew more though years to become a national language. Before it became a national
language, English was not even original in England. The Language was a mixture between the
Celtic, French and Latin languages. "As Milroy and Milroy specify, written English has been valued
in education, primarily

A History Of Our Language Essay
A HISTORY OF OUR LANGUAGE
The English Language is Rich in its history. Studying the events that formed our language is vital to
understand not only why we speak the way we do, but it also enables us to understand who we are.
It comprises French, Latin, German, Norse, and a few lesser known tongues. Before there was
written English, our texts were primarily written in Latin, and were reserved to be read by only the
Pious and Royal. We also have historical landmarks such as Stonehenge that can guide us in
understanding our English heritage. The language we speak today was formed only after Centuries
of fierce battling, governments being overthrown, and a period of time known as the Dark Ages.
During this time, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The manuscript is a collection of historical information including descriptions of the inhabitants and
invaders of Britain and provides the earliest known reference to the British king Arthur.
Sometime between 900 and 1000ad an epic known as Beowulf was written. Although the author of
this work is unknown, we see that the language although primitive in its range could be manipulated
by a masterful hand. And the product could be an intellectual and vivid display of the Authors'
talents. Beowulf is truly a gift when ascertaining the history of the English Language. Take for
example the following line.
Oft Scyld Scefing scepena preatum,
Notice the first word, "Oft." It is remarkably similar to the Modern English word often.
After the Norman Invasion in 1066, Old English starts to shift. William the Conqueror brought great
reform to England and also the French language. It was originally spoken primarily by members of
Parliament and their chosen Religious leaders but when William divided the land taken from the
English and gave it to his faithful Norman followers, the French language seeped into the
commoners dialect. The changes that take place during this time are best reflected in Middle
English.
Middle English has been dated from 1150 to 1500ad. During these years, the influence from the
Norman Invasion becomes evident in both the speaking and writing of that era.

English's Role Of English In Global Language In Communication
Role of the teacher The role of the teacher spans from both inside and outside the classroom. From
its roots to it's role in global environments as well as communications. Origins of English, role of
English globally , and how it influences communication are all information that corresponds to the
deeper understanding of the English language. With the understanding of the English language
means a deeper understanding of both global affairs and history. The origin of English can be
categorized chronologically into 4 historical periods. Old English, Middle English, Early Modern
English and Late Modern English. Old English started in Modern day Germany in the year 450, the
Angle tribe that speaks Englisc invades modern day England. From there Englisc morphed into old
English then Middle English began. It was 1066 and Normans' of France invade England , French
becomes the language of the rich and English the language of the impoverished. Early Modern
English, 1500, books became inexpensive and more prevalent with the invention of the printing
press, literacy boomed. The great vowel shift happened soon after, which was a series of changes to
the pronunciation of vowels, silent letters specifically. Late Modern English, 1800, distinctions from
American and British English were formed, i.e. Colour and color. The United States made new
inventions so new words were created due to advancement in S.T.E.M. England colonized many
places so each country adapted their own

Anglo Saxon England
4. Vikings in Anglo–Saxon England – Scandinavian influence The process of Christianization and
Latin influx was interrupted at the end of the eight century (787) when the Vikings (Norwegian and
Dane tribes) began their ravages over Anglo–Saxon England, sacking monasteries like Lindisfarne
and Jarrow (793–794). By the ninth century, churches and monasteries in Northumbria and Mercia
lay in ruins while settlements in all parts of the country had been plundered and northern towns,
such as York in 867, captured. Anglo–Saxon kingdoms were finally overturned while the Vikings
established their own kingdom in the northeast of England (the Danelaw). Under King Alfred's rule
of Wessex (871–899) and despite several conflicts, the Danish were contained in such area. In turn,
the Danish king had to convert to Christianism, although the 'moral fibre of the church' was
seriously disrupted (Baugh (2005:79). Then Alfred's descendants, Edward the Elder (900–925) and
Athelstan (925–939), extended their authority throughout England –Athelstan's triumph in 937 in
Brunanburh was crucial, which is recorded in an Old English poem with the same name. However,
invasions were repeated at the end of the tenth century along the southeast coast, led by the
Norwegian and Danish kings, Olaf and Svein respectively, who attacked London. Svein made
himself king, sending the English king Æthelred the Unready into exile in Normandy. England was
hence ruled by Danish kings from 1014 to 1017, when the Danish

Battle Of Hastings Research Paper
Battle of Hastings
Introduction:
This research talks about the Battle of Hastings, Middle age, the Norman Conquest, and the
developments, changes and influences of the language before and after the battle .
We will talk about the Battle of Hastings when it started and where it happened and who won the
victory .
We will talk about the Middle age, in general, because the battle took place in the same era . We'll
talk about Norman Conquest (1066) and its influence on England . Developments, changes and
influences of language before and after the battle .
Body:
Battle of Hastings:
The cause of the Battle of Hastings After the death of King Edward was here three people fighting to
replace him on the throne: William Normandy, Harold ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In England the Middle Ages was a time of war, civil war, rebellions from time to time and many
plots among the nobles and royalty, England had enough grain, dairy products and cows, England
was based on the international economy to the wool trade where wool was sold in the north of
England to textile merchants from Flanders to make it clothes..
The Norman Conquest (1066) and its influence on England:
The Norman Conquest not only changed the legal and social structure of England, but also led to an
almost total change in the people holding land and therefore power. William I left only two major
English landowners in possession of their estates, giving the rest to his Norman and other followers.
Whole areas of England were given to William's supporters: Kent to his half brother, Odo of Bayeux
; Hereford to William Fitz–Osborne.
By the end of William's reign (1087), the royal family owned about 20% of English land, the top ten
nobles 25% , and the church another 25% .
Other changes showed that native Englishmen were being edged from power. Then Latin became
the official language of government after the northern rebellions against William's

Characteristics Of Old English Period
Old English Period
In this research paper I will be talking for Old English, Middle English and Modern English Period,
I am going to summarize their main characteristics such as: history, vocabulary, grammar and
writing system. English literature begins before the fourteenth century. The unity of language
consists on the one hand in the insistence of a language which remains from first to last fairly
intelligible and on the other hand in the continuity of written records handed down generation to
generation. These two conditions were not fulfilled in England until the days of Chaucer. The first
contributor is Anglo–Saxon literature and the second is the literature imported from France ... Show
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The Anglo–Saxon poetry is generally wistful in form and edifying in spirit, one long lamentation
breathed forth by the zeal and new converts to Christianity. Even though the earliest forms of
English literature have perished and we know that nothing whatever of Old English poetry in its
rudest shape. All the earliest literature consists of four ancient volumes (manuscripts). The first one
is that of Beowulf from the 10th century with Judith in it. This manuscript is safely preserved in the
British museum and for the first time it is published in 1815. The second manuscript is the Exeter
Book, third one is Junian Manuscript and the fourth one is Vercelli Book. Though it is very old this
literature has some literal value, it is mainly contained of poetry which may be divided into Old
Pagan Poetry and New Christian Poetry. Both poetries are written with the same verse stressed and
alliterative while as stylistic figures mostly had synonymies, metaphors, hyperbolas, epithets

Explain Why We Should English Be The Official Language
Since the beginning of the United States, in 1776, we have had no official language, but the issue is
becoming more urgent as we progress. Although lately this topic has been confronted a lot and now
needs to be solved, so I will inform you on why English should be the official language, the money
it saves, and how other countries use their official languages. English should be the official language
of the United States for many reasons.
English is a very common language in the United States, it has come from our founders in England
and has been here in America for over two hundred years. In fact, English is the most widely spoken
language in the United States and is the common language used by the federal government. (Other
languages are not popular enough or are spoken at home only. For instance Spanish, Chinese,
French, and German. These languages may be a part of our population but the great masses are
English and therefore makes it obvious which language to use. So English is the most popular
language in the USA and should be used as our official language. ... Show more content on
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There are different ways you can save money when you have an official language. Say the official
language does become implemented then what would happen to all this money saved? The United
States could use it for solutions, such as hunger. Hunger in the United States has been a problem for
a while and we are still looking for a good solution. It can even go back to the immigrants and other
non English speakers to help them have a better life in America, if we use the money for buying
them good homes or getting them jobs. Thus making English the official language will save money
that can be used to better

Why Is English Our Official Language?
Why is English our Official Language?
Mary Mai
Sociology 300 3:30PM – 4:50PM
Elston
14th September 2017
Identify at least one positive and one negative consequence of declaring English as the "official"
language of the United States. Why do some people strongly support this goal? Why do others
strongly oppose it?
English has become the official language of the country ever since immigrants from England
stepped foot onto soil. To begin, the land had already been occupied by Native Americans, whom
had already established their territory and power amongst other villages and individuals who had
lived on the land. First, it had started with peace treaties and acknowledging one another's presence
on the land, together. As time passed, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When going to any other country that was already allied with England, access to anything was
possible, and convenient through the same culture and language becoming established. Every other
nation mimicked this by learning English to ally themselves, make treaties, and be deemed worthy
of acknowledgement. For Indians however, when trying to communicate, not knowing any English
was a sign of ignorance and vulnerability, which had allowed the settlers take advantage of
indigenous people.
Now in common day culture, there are different aspects in which our language takes place. English
is used in our culture in order to communicate and to allow freedom of thought and choice be voiced
out. It also allows for various people of different backgrounds to communicate with one another
through a well–known language that was likely taught at their educational institutions. It also allows
for loss of individual culture, where only English is known and their respective tongue is not.
As English continues to progress within the world, global culture has created an atmosphere where
all can communicate and understand one another's culture. In the United States, English becoming
the official language has created unison and thorough communication within the entire country. It
has created a gateway for people to comprehend and converse with

The Influence Of The Old English
In the development of English, invasions and other historical events were huge factors that had
influence to the process. Through the history, the language especially English has been changed very
much. When we see the Shakespeare's sonnet, we can find out that his sonnet is written in early
Modern English but that language is not quite different from Modern English. However, when we
read the poem which was written in the Old English period, many of us can realize that Old English
is very different from the Modern English. When Old English was changed into Middle English,
there was an important historical event, the Norman Conquest. In this report, I would like to explain
what Norman Conquest is and how that event changed the Old English. ... Show more content on
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As William the Conqueror brought the Normans to England, the Norman culture, language or
Feudalism could be accepted without any resistance of England people. Also the nobilities who
helped William in the battle became the lords and they lost their own language (Old English) and
began to use Old French dialect which is called Old Norman. Since the leaders of Normans used Old
Norman, language which was related to politics, religious began to change. Especially, Norman
from France had huge influence in politics and Anglo–Saxons had to step down from their status.
Conquerors were proud of themselves as a French people, and they designated Norman French as a
national language of England. Since then, the upper class and educated people used Anglo Norman
that was developed from Norman French and Old English was used only by the lower class, and as a
result the status that old English had was collapsed. That is, because Norman people kept away from
using Old English and adopted Anglo Norman, Norman language has huge influence in Middle
English period unlike in Old English period. All social activities and official documents were done
through the Anglo Norman and Old English could barely maintain its use in that

Why Did The English Language Change Over Time
As time progresses language also progresses. The English language has made obvious shifts over
history including changes in vocabulary, the structure of sentences, and the pronunciation of words.
Changes in language are caused by various sources such as different dialects used by different
groups of people and the different language experience the speakers get throughout their lives. The
very beginning of the English language was called PIE (Proto– Indo–European). Scholars say, "PIE
was probably spoken about 5,000 years ago by people who lived in the region north of the Black
Sea, in southeastern Europe." (Ard). As these people migrated up to the area which is now Great
Britain, it was occupied by the Celts who gave the new found English ... Show more content on
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It is made very clear that many things have changed in the English language since Early Modern
English. The largest change in the language since then is the vast amount of vocabulary that has
been added. Many words have come from the fact that Britain was a world wide empire during the
18th and 19th centuries making it so that words from all over the world naturally became part of the
English language. All of the changes in language over time lead up to the English that is spoken by
nearly 375 million people all over the world. Starting from the early 500's, as far as experts could
trace back, to now English has spread from one corner of Europe to around the world. Along with
the 375 million people who regularly speak English as their first language, "another 375 million
speak it regularly as a second language, and about 750 million more people speak English as a
foreign language. English currently is the language most often taught as a second language around
the world."(Boyanova). English is also known as the universal language for business, tourism,
technology, entertainment trade, and international communications because nearly 1.2 billion people
speak English fluently. Even though the change from Old English to Modern English has been
drastic, it is not over. There are currently changes going on through the English language that are not
apparent to the speakers because the speakers of the time so

The Importance of Teaching English Essay
The Importance of Teaching English "In the world were over seven thousand languages have
exisisted, one language had become dominate. This dominant language is English." "In the majority
of countries throughout the world speak English as their second or first language, no longer just
America or England." English has taken many forms, American English, the Queen's English,
Australian, Canadian English, and several others. Even American English has taken several types of
English, Jersey English, East Coast English, West Coast English, Southern English, slang English,
and Ebonics. All of these languages have major variants between them, but are all of them are still
understood aboard. Without English the world couldn't operate, ... Show more content on
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In addition, lorry is their word for a truck. While their words are greatly differently then American
words people from both countries would understand what the other was saying. While many of these
of the types of English vary as much as American and British English, it is still understood around
the world. Without there being English many of the Presidents, dictators, tyrants, and terrorist
couldn't understand each other. At all of their meeting there would have to be someone that spoke all
of the languages that the members of the meeting spoke, or several translators which would make
the it even more difficult. Also, with all the types of ethnic groups that are in America, there was to
be one common language that everybody can understand. If America didn't speak English,
everybody in America, and around the world, would have to find one common language for the
entire world to learn to speak. English was merely the easiest for everybody to pick up. "English can
be traced back as far as the early 1100's B.C." "The Anglo–Saxons in England spread their language
as many different enemies tried to take over England, but failed. They would force their prisoners to
learn their language, and inter–grade themselves into society." The language grew even more
steadily as the criminals of England were being sailed all the way around the world to Australia. The
criminals would be dropped off there and forced to learn

William The Conqueror Research Paper
William I, or usually known as William the Conqueror, was the Duke of Normandy whose place in
English history has always been important. However, not many people realise that he has also
contributed significantly towards our lives today. His legacy could be experienced profoundly in the
historical era, but life in modern world would not be the same without him. When he crushed the
English army, in 1066, he distributed the land he conquered and changed the face of England.
Moreover, grand castles were constructed as private fortresses, serving both as military strongholds
and residence of the king. Last but not least, the Norman assault on England had a major effect on
England's past, but it also shaped the English language we use today.
Firstly, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He brought his group of Normans and the Norman French language. For the next three centuries, it
was the language of the upper class, court and government. However, the lower class (approximate
95% of the population) continued to speak English, which was considered by the Normans as the
vulgar tongue. Before the Conquest, English had a complicated grammar system, but over 70 to 80
years after the Normans came, grammar evolved to be simpler. English took on French structures
and one example is to put adjectives before nouns in some phrases– surgeon general and secretary
general. As evidence of how much Norman French influenced English, ten thousand words entered
the English language. One of those words was "castle." They needed this word to describe the
offending object when the Normans invaded England. Pronunciations also changed too. Old English
had spellings like cw, sc and c but it became qu, sh and ch. Therefore, we write queen, not cwen or
ship not scip. About three–quarters of those words are still spoken today and it's said that an English
speaker who has never taken a French lesson before can already understand fifteen thousand French
words. It is estimated that up to 85% of Anglo–Saxon words were lost due to the French invasion.
Nevertheless, William the Conqueror invading England has had a significant impact on the English
language we speak

Little Bee Immigration Quotes
In our beautiful earth we see lots of immigrants are suffering to do their everyday life. When they
move to different town they will see new people, new school and everything is new. Also if someone
step into a different country from his country its make him or her very sad, because he or she have to
leave all his friends, family, relatives and many other things.When Little Bee came to England as an
immigrant she doesn't know anyone and she show lots of new faces, that's make her very scare.
There are lots of reasons people move to different country as an immigration. In the book called
little bee, she had some problems in her back home so she cannot live in there anymore.
Immigration can have hard time to find health here and many other things ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
When Little Bee came to England the government put her in detention center. In the detection center
she doesn't know anyone. In the detention center Little Bee try to do suicide because she doesn't like
to live there.The quote that I chose to show that Little Bee doesn't like the life in detention center is
" For the first six months in the detenction center,I screamed every night and in the day I imagined a
thousand ways to kill myself "(Chapter three,Page 47)". Detention center is one of the bad place to
live.In the detenction detenction center Little Bee thing about the thousand way sucide.This shows
that Little Bee doesn't like the detenction center.Few months later she found new friends. When she
gets out of the detention center she had four new friends. She was very scared to talk to new people,
because she never sees them before. Also Little Bee is a Nigerian girl so she doesn't know the
England Culture. So she need lots of time to know them. In addition she needs to know the place
first. She doesn't know the language so that's why she had very tuff time to get to know some new
people. Also in the story Little Bee said she don't like to make friend with boys. In England you
can't easily make friends with other people. One of the big problem why Little Bee doesn't like the
detention center is because there were lots of men in there. In the story called Little Bee Shara is a
really good friend who helped Little Bee to live in England. When Shara help Little Bee she faces
lots of problems in her life. When immigrants move to different country in young age their life will
be harder. For example Little Bee move to United Kingdom when she was 16 years old so her life in
London was very difficult. Most illegal immigrants came for better job, better life, and for many
other

The Influence of the Norman Conquest: Incorporating French...
The Influence of the Norman Conquest
Incorporating French into English Culture and Language
Normandy and England circa. 1066
Normandy is a coastal district in France that lies almost directly across from England. Its name was
derived from the groups of Northmen who settled in the district only a century or two before the
Norman Conquest. Although the Norman population would be largely Scandinavian in origin during
the ninth and tenth centuries, it would shift in the century spanning 966 to 1066 to a largely French
population (Baugh, 1959, p. 128).
In the year 1066, England was challenged by the fact that it had lost its king, Edward the Confessor.
England found itself in a seriously divided state after Edward's death, a ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
54). King Edward was the manifestation of an alliance between England and Normandy that was
made through the marriage of England's King Ethelred and the Duke of Normandy's daughter
Emma. Edward was their only child and heir to the throne at his father's passing in 1042 (Emerson,
1894, p. 54).
Just a year before the Norman Conquest, King Edward was dealing with the significant threat of
civil unrest and a political coup and his death at the turn of 1066 worked to further set the stage for
the Norman Conquest (Kapelle, 1979, p. 100). Unfortunately, the uncertainty of Edward's true
intentions concerning who should succeed him to the throne of England contributed to the Norman
Conquest by forcing William of Normandy to take the English throne by force. Earl Harold had
quickly established who would take the throne by taking it himself (p. 101). William, who would
eventually be called William the Conqueror, would have to take the throne from the largely self–
appointed King Harold.
The Norman Conquest
A comprehensive examination of the Norman Conquest is beyond the scope of the present research
however it is essential to look at some of its key events in relation to stimulating cultural change in
England. It is no surprise that the Norman Conquest is given major significance in the history of

England and English society. An examination of the literature reveals more than two centuries of
Norman rule that was consistently challenged by the civil unrest that

How Did The Norman Invasion Affect The English Language
Toward the close of the Old English period, an event occurred that had the greatest, longer lasting
effect on the English language than any other in history. This event was the Norman Conquest of
1066. The historic victory of William, the Duke of Normandy (hereafter known as William the
Conqueror), at the Battle of Hastings in 1066 proved to be the significant catalyst for the English
people. This is most notably evidenced by the cultural, religious and literary developments in the
years following the Norman Invasion. Before the conquest of England, the language of the country
was what was called Old English or pidgin English. This French/Norman invasion changed Britain's
Anglo–Saxon culture and language to one that was more akin to what existed in mainland Europe at
the time. Additionally, the invasion shaped the English language irrevocably; the new French
incursion pushed Old English in the direction of Middle English, a variety more closely resembling
what is spoken today. This change in governance reformed nearly everything else in the country,
especially literature. After the Normans settled in Britain, Latin and French were the only
recognized languages in the Norman court. This resulted in the English language being largely
ignored in literature for nearly one hundred and fifty years. During the next two centuries, after the
classical influence of French and Latin, English literature had been immensely impacted and
enriched. When the English language

The Norman Conquest and the French Influence on Middle...
Transilvania University of Brasov
Faculty of Letters
Department of English
THE NORMAN CONQUEST
AND
THE FRENCH INFLUENCE ON MIDDLE ENGLISH
SENTENCE OUTLINE
I. INTRODUCTION
General aspects about the origin of the English language
Brief presentation of the Norman Conquest
II. ENGLISH, FRENCH, LATIN – THREE LANGUAGES IN USE
Aspects of the social and political transformations occured after the Conquest
The roles of each on the three languages in the society of the time
III. FRENCH INFLUENCE ON ENGLISH SPELLING AND PRONOUNCIATION
Influences on the way the sounds were rendered
Influences on the pronounciation of the sounds
IV. FRENCH INFLUENCE ON ENGLISH VOCABULARY
French–loan words and the fields they belonged to
Other elements of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At Stamford Bridge, he won a decisive victory on 25th September, in which Harald Hard1rada and
Tostig were both killed. But after that, Harold's sick, exhausted Saxon army met William's fresh,
rested Norman troops on October 14th at Battle near Hastings, and the great battle began. That was
the moment when King Harold was killed and the Normans gained control of England. On
Christmas Day 1066, William was crowned King of England.
The Norman Conquest had important consequences on all levels, including the linguistic one.
English phonetics, vocabulary, morphology and also syntax were influenced by French, but, despite
the historical and social background, the mother tongue survived and adapted, reestablishing itself
after 1200.

II. ENGLISH, FRENCH, LATIN – THREE LANGUAGES IN USE
At the moment, the conquest probably came as a disaster for the English people, as the Normans
brought their new territory under control with systematic rigour. After the English royal family had
been destroyed in the battle, the new king established his own regime. At the time, Normandy had
an advanced feudal system of political organisation, which accelerated the establishment of
feudalism in Britain. Moreover, most of the representatives of the native nobility were eliminated
and a French–speaking monarchy, aristocracy and clerical hierarchy took over. Thus, the important
positions and the great estates were mostly in

Notes On The English Language
Portfolio Element 3: Critiquing prescriptivism Within the English language many different
variations occur due to regional accents and dialects. It has been suggested that 'speech differences
are not only idiosyncratic but also indicative of belonging to different social groups'. Therefore,
prescriptive ideologies occur discussing whether some accents hold a precedent over others. A
prescriptive ideal is 'an approach to the study of language which prescribes how language should be
used'. Appendix A, 'Brummie accents 'worse than staying silent' study shows; those who speak in a
Birmingham accent were viewed less intelligent than those who stayed silent according to a study'
suggests a prescriptive ideal about regional accents. Using the work from this semester, this
portfolio will be exploring whether a prescriptive approach to accents is something that should be
encouraged and whether the accent we have does impact the way people perceive us. The article
'Brummie accents' suggests a prescriptive opinion about those who have a Birmingham accent. 'It
has long been said that silence is golden. And if you have a Brummie accent, that old adage may
prove to be true' suggesting that in order to succeed or even be taken seriously those with a
Birmingham accent should remain silent or at least refrain from talking often. Critics have debated
with accents and the social prestige that follows them for many years. It has been suggested that
'Birmingham English, Black County English

Critical Analysis Report : Celts 500 Bc The Earliest...
Critical Analysis Report Celts 500 BC–43 BC the earliest linguistic inhabitants of the British isles.
The term Celt applies to any of the European people who spoke Celtic language. The first
appearance of the Celts occurred during the 500 BC mark, and it began to spread over many regions
in France and Spain. The Celts are the earliest inhabitants from the British isles to leave an impact
on our language. It is also known that there is rarely words from the Celts that are still used today,
but some words that are still left are known as London, Dover, and Kent. There were three west
Germanic invaders to settle in the British Isles known as: the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. These
invaders pushed away the Celtic–speaking inhabitants out of England into Scotland, Wales,
Cornwall, and Ireland, which left behind a few Celtic words. Most of modern English words come
from foreign, not Old English roots. Stats show about one sixth of the Old English words have
descendants surviving today. The Romans 43 BC–CA 450 A.D invades and begin to rule the British
Isles. The invasion for Britain was the most significant event that ever occurred to the British Isles.
It affected the language, culture, geography, architecture, and the way individuals was thinking. The
Roman had a unity and order for Britain that it never had before. Before the Romans invasion,
Britain was a nobody. Most people believe that Rome 's most important legacy was its roads, and it
is not. The most important legacy

Old English : Age Of The Island
Old English (500 AD to 1100 AD)
Before England became the England that we know today, the island knew several other languages
that we now call Old English. The earliest inhabitants of the island lived there anywhere from
50,000 to 250,000 years ago. The first recorded language in early England was spoken by the Celts
until 43 AD when Emperor Claudius conquered the island, but never made it as far north as Wales
and Scotland. Latin inscriptions have been found all over the island, but interestingly, the Celtic
language remained relatively the same. Four hundred years later the Germanic tribes, the Angles,
Jutes, and Saxons, on the mainland began invading England and the areas that we now know as
Denmark, Finland, and Sweden. Eventually, the Angles and Saxons took over the British Isles,
which is where we get the term Anglo–Saxon. These people settled peacefully by the Celts and
established their own communities.
The Anglo–Saxons were the first group of people to use the word English to describe the language
they spoke. This came from the West Germanic tribes being called the Angli and Anglia in Latin
tests. The Anglo–Saxons called their own spoken language Englisc which came from the names
Angles. The people who spoke this language were called the Angelcynn which translates into the
people or the kin of the Angles. Around the year 1000, the island became known as the land of the
Angles or Englaland. Interestingly, the language, English, is an older word than England. The

William The Conqueror And The Norman Conquest
William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, is among the most influential of the early medieval
figures. During William's attempt to reinforce his claim to the English throne, he "changed the
history of the world with his courage and power." The Norman Invasion or the Norman Conquest
refers to the crucial years between c. 1066 and 1086. This period is defined by its development and
experimentation with existing cultural traditions. The Norman Conquest is regarded as not only an
important British milestone but also a crucial milestone for the Western world. The years subsequent
to the Norman Invasion are regarded as a great revolutionary period in England's history; the
invasion "was not only important within Normandy, but it also resonated throughout the rest of
Europe" with implications stretching "as far as the Byzantine." As the first Norman king of England,
William the Conqueror is deemed a key figure in the foundation for modern English culture as
shown through the advancements in law, language, and social customs. In the pages that follow, it
will be argued that the Norman Conquest enhanced English culture into its most ingenious phase.
William the Conqueror was born in the year 1028 A.D. in Falaise, France. William came to a
mounting position of power in 1051, when in light of the royal hereditary predicament, England's
last king of Anglo–Saxon lineage, Edward the Confessor, "designated William as his successor."
Scholars accept this as the traditional date of

How Did Colonial America's Final Break From England
Colonial America's final break from England was a new kind revolution during the mid to late
eighteenth century.
Departure from English practices and moved towards a constitutional system for America.
Politics– The political vocabulary had separate and different meaning in the colonies versus in
England. Also political institutions were overseen by a one individual; the king in England and a
governor four the colonies. Colonial America also resembled English Parliament in having upper
and lower houses. However, the tradition of only wealthy men could have the right to vote or be
elected to a position was the same in colonial America and in England.
Spirit of the law– differed between colonial America and England. In England, Parliament had
supreme power and "the King was under the law".
Laws in colonial America were written down, adjustable, and "tangible" laws detailing ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
English Parliament had "no separation of powers, the executive and legislative branches being
merely different manifestations of the same body". Whereas in colonial America there was
separation among powers.
As English shifted their focus on fighting wars, the colonies were left by "salutary neglect" to
"develop self–reliance and their own ideas of government".
Colonial America created representative assemblies that "served to bring about a break between the
colonies and the Mother of Parliaments [England]".
England's electorate was small, while the colonial was large and made up of most men no matter
how much property they owned.
Colonial America started the free press and was originally punishable by law in England, but then
slowly accepted.
Colonists felt a "growing pride of country" and that they "had a destiny of their own".
In war against Spain and France, colonists were viewed as Americans separate from the Europeans

Differences Of English Dialects
Key issue 3 Understanding the ways dialect vary. Many people have wondered why, if we are in one
country, why do a lot of people sound different. Each region has its own language by way of
spelling, vocabulary, and pronounciation. This is called dialect. THe sub division of a dialect is
called subdialect. English Dialects Serval hundred years ago, English speakers migrated and settled
in North America which stated the development of dialects of the English language. Because of its
widespread distribution and the large number of speakers, many dialects and subdialects were
formed. Those most responsible for English becoming the most dominant language in the Western
Hemisphere were the earliest colonists. In the 17th century, colonists from England settled along the
Atlantic coast bringing the English language with them. Since it was already a dominant language,
settlers from other countries made significant contributions to the American language and became
acculturated into the English society. During the 18th and 19th century, the American and England
English were isolated by the Atlantic Ocean causing them to evolve independently. Transmissions
over long distances would not be available for another hundred years and very few residences could
visit during this time. The English's from each country differs in three significant ways; vocabulary,
spelling, and pronunciation. Because of the discoveries of new objects and experiences of new
things, the development of vocabulary

The Early Modern Period Of The English Language
England from the 16th to 18th century was undergoing an immense change in its social structure and
cultural practice due to the innovations from the Renaissance (late 15th to early 17th C), the
Reformation (16th to 17th C) and the Scientific Revolution (17th to 18th C). Firmly situated in this
context is the Early Modern Period of the English language, starting from approximately 1500 CE
and continuing through to 1700 CE, which saw the language move from Middle English (1100–
1500 CE) into a language more recognisable to the one spoken by English speakers today. Crucial to
these transformations are the introduction of the printing press to England by William Caxton in
1476 and the influence of role of Latin in European education during this period. These
circumstances shaped the use of and attitudes towards English, especially in relation to its
standardization, definition of 'correct' English and the spread of literacy. Ultimately, transforming
English into a language respected and highly appreciated in this period.
The printing press set up in Westminster by William Caxton in 1476 was the first of its kind in
England and is frequently taken to be the date that marks "the emergence of Early Modern English".
This innovation also marks the beginning of the standardization, and eventually regulation, of the
English language, thus greatly impacting the use of English in this period and moving forwards into
the present. Previously, English spelling was greatly varied in its

Intercultural Communication And Nonverbal Communication Essay
Introduction
Intercultural communication is a complex concept that encompasses and links to many other
theories such as racism and verbal and nonverbal communication. Differing languages can
dramatically affect intercultural communication between individuals due to language barriers
however, due to some individuals uneducated and ignorant understanding of differing languages, it
can also have other, more serious and negative consequences such as racism and discrimination of
others. The links between language, intercultural communication and racism will be explored in this
essay through an in–depth analysis of these concepts and their relation to our society with examples
such as the film 'This Is England' (2006) and a brief discussion of the similar racist current events in
England, due to the decision for England to leave the United Nations. An in–depth analysis of verbal
and nonverbal communication and its relation to intercultural communication and a personal
experience of this will also be explored.
Theoretical discussion
Language, intercultural communication and racism are ultimately connected due to the fact that
some individuals believe that just because someone speaks a different language, they are inferior.
Racism is an issue that has been embedded in our society for years and is a problem that many
minorities or migrants face when relocating to new countries. Due to their differences in language
and culture, it is harder for them to re–assimilate into a newly

Essay about Effect of the Normans on Middle English
Effect of the Normans on Middle English The year 1066 had a resounding impact on the course of
English history. William the First, Duke of Normandy, conquered England and took it as a
stronghold in his reign. The French rule over England lasted for several centuries and brought about
innumerable changes to the English state, language, culture and lifestyle. William imported French
rulers to take over English government and religious posts. The French were not only the new
aristocracy in England, but the new society. The English amended their language and their culture in
an effort to more resemble the French and to communicate with their new lords. The English
language was more changed by the Norman Conquest than by any other event in ... Show more
Diphthongs are two vowel sounds which are pronounced as one. Diphthong Old French Old English
/eu/ neveu neveu (nephew) /au/ cause cause /Ui/ bouillir boille (boil) point point / i/ noyse noise
choisir chois (choice) The new English diphthongs were not exactly like they were in French – they
were modified by existing English vowels to create brand new diphthongs. The stress pattern of Old
French words differed from that of Old English words, and often both stress patterns were present.
Germanic languages, such as English, tends to place primary stress on the first syllable, unless that
syllable is an unstressed prefix. French, on the other hand, prefers to stress the heavy syllable (one
containing a coda) closest to the end of the word. Middle English loans from French often retained
their native stress pattern, however, in Present–Day English, the majority of these borrowed words
have conformed to the Germanic pattern. Lexicon Irrefutably, the largest influence that the Normans
had on the English language was on its vocabulary. From the time William usurped the English
throne until the end of the Middle English period, our language was inundated with French
vocabulary terms. In fact, of the 2,650 words in the epic English poem "Sir Gawaine and the Green
Knight," at least 750 are estimated to be

Where Did The English Evolved Into A Modern Language
English is the official language of many countries all over the world and is spoken more and more
every day("How English Evolved Into a Modern Language."). Modern English is the product of the
invasions of England over a long period of time("Where Did the English Language Come From?").
Throughout history English has influenced and been influenced by many different languages("A
Brief History of the English Language."). Historically, English is divided into three periods: Old
English or Anglo–Saxon, Middle English, and Modern English("What Are the Origins of the
English Language").
Old English began when certain Germanic tribes migrated to Britain in the fifth century A.D.
Although the period of Old English continues up to the end of the eleventh century, there are no
records of it from before the seventh century("What Are the Origins of the English Language").
There were four distinct dialects of Old English: Northumbrian,
Mercia, Kentish and West–Saxon. This is known through differences in spelling. After 900 AD
West–Saxon became widely used as a standard written language, and is sometimes referred to as
'Classic
West–Saxon '("Borrowing in Old English").
There was a large influx of words into the language during the period of Old English. Old English
commonly used place names from Celtic, religious, army, and educational words from Latin, and
everyday words from Scandinavian. The Germanic tribes that invaded England had been exposed to
Latin before they invaded, so

The Origin Of English : The Evolution Of The English Language
The Evolution Of The English Language English is a member of the European family of languages.
This broad family includes most of the European languages spoken today such as Latin and the
modern French; the Germanic languages (English, German, Swedish); the Slavic languages
(Russian, Polish, Czech); the Baltic languages of Latvian and Lithuanian; the Celtic languages
(Welsh, Irish Gaelic ); Greek. The source of the words England and English is the West Germanic
invaders who came from Jutland and southern Denmark. The earliest inhabitants of the British Isles
who have left a mark on the English Language were the Celts. Arriving in Britain around 500BC,
and they dominant people until the Romans arrived in the first century AD, the Celts have in fact left
very few words – though many English place names have Celtic origins, like London, Dover and
Kent, and the rivers Thames & Wye. In 43 BC, a strong and more lasting influence upon the
language would arrive in the form of the Roman general Aulus Plautius, who fought off the native
tribes to establish himself as the first Roman governor in Britain, and began a period of Roman rule
of the British Isles which would last four hundred years. Significantly, though English hasn't kept
many of the words from this era and there were only around 200 Latin words entered the language at
this time, most of them nouns related to tradesmen and soldiers, like win– wine, candel– candle and
belt– belt. Plautius and his men laid the groundwork

The Changing Role Of English In The Sixteenth Century
After the Norman conquest of England, the French language dominated the social spheres of the
English population. As English civilization continued to evolve, however, a growing sense of
English identity paved the way for increasing hostility and rivalry between the French and English
populations. While French had been the primary dominant language for over a century after the
Norman Conquest, "in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries its maintenance became increasingly
artificial" (Baugh 150). By the sixteenth century, the use of English had become widespread and
dominant throughout all social classes, and the use of French was negligible at best. Several signs
can be seen pointing to the growing dominance of the English language, and these signs can be
found in through various cultural, political, and governmental events and documents dated from the
14th to the 16th century. In the thirteenth century, French was still the dominant language
throughout the upper class, but toward the end of the century it became clear that English was being
adopted into general use by the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With the rising importance of an economically sound middle class using English, it only continued
to drive home its domination of the land in the 14th century. This is seen especially in comparison
the 14th century writing against writings that were older by a century. In the 14th century texts
Speculum Vitae and Arthur and Merlin, there is a common line of thought that everyone is able to
understand English and the usage of French was reserved for only the highly educated. Not only
that, but in Arthur and Merlin, it is implied that the common usage of French was a thing of the long
past as it speaks of a long–gone age when French was still in

English Language
Project–English
English Project
Presented by:
Date: May 10, 2012
Index
1. Presentation Page 2. Index 3. Introduction 4. Origin of English Language 5. Origin of the English
Language 6. Origin of the English Language 7. How did the English Language spread around the
world? & English as a major business communication around the world. } 8. Conclusion
Introduction
The English Language has been spoken for many years, in this project I will talk about its origin and
how it is divided in different periods you can how it has transformation has influenced the words we
used today. Also about the founders or founders.
English, as you know, is a major language. In Canada, United States, Australia, ... Show more
They were called Normans, who brought with them French, which became the language of the
Royal Court. For a while there was a division where the lower class spoke English and the upper
class French. In the 14th century English became dominate in Britain again, but this time there were
a lot of French words added. Middle English would also be hard for us to understand.
An example of Middle English by Chaucer
Modern English (since 1500)
At the end of the Middle English vowels were being pronounced shorter and shorter. In the 16th
century The British had contact with people around the world. This meant that a lot of new words
and phrases entered the language. In this time books were being printed out in English and people
began to read. So spelling and grammar were fixed and then in 1604 the first English dictionary was
published.
Hamlet 's famous "To be, or not to be" lines, written in Early Modern English by Shakespeare
Late Modern English (1800–Present)
Now, Late Modern English and Early Modern English are different in the way that words have been

added in due to technology, names for new things and English language adopted foreign words from
many countries.
How did the English language spread around the world?
Well due to Colonization basically, England colonized and took over some parts of Scotland, Africa,
Australia, Asia and North America. Also because of Media, like a said England's Colonization's, the
world's

East-Midland English
A project in theoretical phonetics of English
Shcherbakova Natalia, group 01
Contents:
1.Introduction 2.English in East Midlands 1.Vowels 2.Consonants 3.Word Stress 4.Sentence rhythm
and intonation 3.Conclusion 4.List of references
Introduction East Midlands, general facts
The East Midlands, in its broadest sense, is the eastern part of central England (and therefore part of
the United Kingdom as well).
The East Midlands covers three major landscape areas: The relatively flat coastal plain of
Lincolnshire, the river valley of the Trent, the third largest (and longest) river in England, and the
southern end of the Pennine range of hills in Derbyshire.
The second of these contains several large cities: Nottingham, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Lincolnshire also has a marked north south split in terms of accent. The north shares many features
with Yorkshire, such as the open a sound in "car" and "park" or the replacement of take and make
with tek and mek. The south of Lincolnshire is close to Received Pronunciation, although it still has
a short Northern a in words such as bath. In Northamptonshire, crossed by the North–South isogloss,
residents of the north of the county have an accent similar to that of Leicestershire and those in the
south an accent similar to rural Oxfordshire. The town of Corby in northern Northamptonshire has
an accent with some originally Scottish features, apparently due to immigration of Scottish
steelworkers. It is common in Corby for the GOAT set of words to be pronounced with . This
pronunciation is used across Scotland and most of Northern England, but Corby is alone in the
Midlands in using it

East Midlands accents are generally non–rhotic, instead drawing out their vowels, resulting in the
Midlands Drawl, which can to non–natives be mistaken for dry sarcasm. Old and cold may be
pronounced as "owd" and "cowd" (rhyming with "loud" in the West Midlands and "ode" in the East
Midlands), and in the northern Midlands home can become "wom". The West Midlands accent is
often described as having a

Short Stories East By Salman Rushdie
Anyone who has ever had to leave his or her homeland knows how hard it is to begin a new life.
Someone who moves into a new land that has a completely different culture than what they may be
used to, can find it to be frightening as well as challenging. Many people who have found
themselves in this position find that they seem to become a completely different person and forget
who they once were. In Salman Rushdie's book of short stories East, West this seems to be a
common theme. Many of his characters find themselves leaving their homeland in hopes of a better
life, but in doing so start to question who they are. In addressing the postcolonial notions of
hybridity, exile, and nostalgia in the story The Courter, Mary has been used to communicate the
heart of an imaginary homeland.
In the story, Mary was an immigrant from India who with the help of the "Courter" tried to
assimilate to the England way. Throughout the story there is a constant wave of doubt and
frustration between her and her family as they try to learn what it means to live in England. When a
person is born they are born with some sort of identity. This may be their ethnicity, their family's
history, or their personality. When that person leaves the homeland that is fundamentally a part of
them, they in s sense lose a part of themselves. Mary on the other hand seems to have the opposite
problem. Her past is so ingrained that she cannot or does not what to let any of it go. Moving to
England was her first time

Queen Victoria Research Paper
Queen Victoria is one of the most well–known historical monarch in human history, she made the
British Empire into the main world power during her time and ushered in the famous Victorian era
during the 1800s. The Victorian era is known by scholars to be the Pax Britannia of the English
people, it is a period that was filled with highly moralistic language and sense of morality that is
sharply different from British culture before the rise of Queen Victoria. The industrial revolution
was in full bloom during the Victorian era, which saw most of the Europe and the Americas to
become fully industrialized or on their way of becoming fully industrialized. Sadly, the imperialism
that Victoria morality created would lead the world into the "War to ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
To promote the loyalty of their newly won Indian subjects, the British crown passed the English
Education Act of 1835, the act required that all education paid by British funds to be taught in
English. The act also took measures to promote the English as the language of higher education,
especially in the realms of administration and law. Even if this act was started before the Victorian
era, it was supported by the children of Victoria. For example in 1844 by the approval of the crown,
English became the official language of India and to work for public employment mastery of the
language was required. By forcing the children of India to learn English over their natural tongues,
England was subverting Indian culture with their own. After all, language is the heart of a culture
and everything involved in a culture is based on verbiage and literature, written or oral. Therefore
the best way to change a culture of a people is to change their language and literature. Even in 21st
century, English remains one of the most used language on the Indian subcontinent. Seeing the

The English Of The Middle English

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