Purpose Of An Unknown Solution Using Fractional Distillation

Purpose Of An Unknown Solution Using Fractional Distillation
Distillation
Purpose: The purpose of this experiment was to perform a simple distillation as well as a fractional
distillation and to determine the composition of an unknown solution using fractional distillation.
Procedure: First, the simple distillation apparatus was set up. An oil bath was placed on a hot plate.
A 100mL round–bottomed flask was submerged in the oil and held using a clamp and ring stand.
The round–bottomed flask was then connected to the distillation head ensuring that the joint was
greased. The thermometer was placed inside the distillation head so that the top of the bulb was
level with the arm of the distillation head. The distillation head was attached then to the condenser
held up by a clamp and ring ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A small beaker was placed under the arm of the distillation head to catch the distillate. Foil was
wrapped around the neck of the round–bottomed flask and a wet paper towel was wrapped around
the arm of the distillation head to create a condenser. The flask was heated gently so that the
distillate dropped at a rate of two drops per minute. The temperature was recorded as every drop was
collected. The distillation began at around 55.0 ℃. The distillation was stopped after 29 drops were
collected to prevent the solution from being distilled to dryness. See attached data. The known
boiling point of 1–butanol is 117.5 ℃ (Lemonds). The known boiling point of 1–propanol is 97 ℃
(Thiyagarajan). The known boiling point of acetone is 56 ℃ (Forss). The known boiling point of 2–
butanone is 79.6 ℃ (Jiang). For unknown #3 the boiling point of the first substance seemed to be
around 56 ℃ and the boiling point of the second substance seemed to be around 111 ℃. Therefore
unknown #3 seemed to be a mixture of acetone and 1–butanol.
Discussion: The fractional distillation was more accurate than the simple distillation, however there
were large temperature fluctuations that occurred during the fractional distillation. After two drops
the temperature dropped back down to 40 ℃ and stopped dripping. The distillation started dripping
again when the
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Water Is Essential For Any Plants
In order for any plants to grow you need water. Water is essential for any and all life to be
sustainable. Water itself is made up of hydrogen and oxygen. This happens through chemical
processes in which two hydrogen atoms combine with one oxygen atom in order to fulfill a
complete outer energy shell. When the process is completed water is formed.
Water is found all around you. It 's in lakes, river, streams, oceans and even in canals. Water makes
up 70% of the world. 2% of it is frozen at the poles in glaciers. Although it 's most of the world, not
all of the water is drinkable. Roughly 3% of earth 's water is fresh water and drinkable. Through
scientific research, a person can only go two days without drinking or consuming any water before
they die. Water also keeps kidneys functioning and working properly.
Photosynthesis is what plants use to create their food, and water is crucial to this process. Water
comes through plant 's stems and travels up to its leaves, which is where photosynthesis actually
takes place. Once in the leaves water evaporates, as the plant exchanges water for carbon dioxide.
This glucose can be converted into pyruvate which releases adenosine triphosphate by cellular
respiration.
Sunlight is earth 's most valuable light source. Without the sun earth wouldn 't have plants and the
earth 's temperature would be below zero in under a week. If the sun would miraculously go out, it
would take eight and a half minutes to reach earth. Within nine

Malpura Ewes
Experiment summary
The purpose of the study was to observe the effects of multiple stresses on reproduction of Malpura
ewes. The study aimed to provide evidence on multiple stressors that impact livestock productivity
in this region. Stresses investigated in this study included thermal, nutritional and walking stress,
which livestock are subjected to as a result of extremely variable temperatures, low forage
availability, and inadequate water supply. Researchers hypothesized that heat stress, in combination
with nutritional and walking stress negatively affects the reproductive abilities in Malpura ewes, a
phenomenon largely attributed to the changing climate in this region. Thus, the objective of the
study was to provide insight on the effects ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I propose the study could be improved by investigating other reproductive parameters such as
ovulation rate, oocyte competency, size of follicles, and number of follicular waves. Additionally,
reproductive and stress hormone profiles including luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating
hormone (FSH), and cortisone should be measured to further explain the multiple stress
phenomenon and evaluate the adaptive capabilities of Malpura ewes. Furthermore, the researchers
did not justify the reason for choosing to subject Malpura ewes versus other breed types. Also, the
study did not mention how the walking stress was managed, where the water source for GII was
placed, the size of the area that ewes were allowed to walk and graze, nor described the daily
activity or behavior of GII ewes. Conclusions were drawn solely upon the climatological data and
distance to measure the thermal and walking stress. The study also mentioned using intravaginal
sponges for synchronization of estrus in the ewes, but did not justify using the chosen method.
Moreover, they could have used a larger sample size to increase precision of the data and used
multiple groups to test the single effects of each stress and compare those groups to the multiple
stressed groups.

Purpose Of An Emergency Action Plan
Purpose of an Emergency Action Plan:
There is an inherent risk of injury in sport participation. In order to safely, quickly, and effectively
deal with the possible injuries this risk may bring, an emergency action plan is needed. The staff
involved in overseeing participants must know their roles in emergency situations, as well as proper
procedure and protocols in order to provide quality care. An emergency action plan is essential in
order to insure timely care in potentially life threatening situations and medical emergencies.
Address:
The Westover Skate Park is located at 305 South Dogwood Drive Harrisonburg VA, 22801. For the
inline skating and skateboard clinic, EMS will be on stand–by at the event. If additional emergency
help is required, this address should be given to the personnel responding to the call. Whoever
makes the 911 call should also explain EMS must enter from the only entrance, at the front of the
park, where the medical tent will be located. The caller, who will be assigned to be so by the first
responder on scene, should also state the nature of the emergency, how many people are involved,
care rendered to that point, and be prepared for any additional questions the operator may have. The
caller should stay on the phone until the operator hangs up.
Sports Medicine Team:
1. Victoria Parish, ATC (Head Athletic Trainer): 757–535–9533
Area to oversee: Quarter–pipes
2. Jeff Podeszwa, ATC: 609–613–1158
Area to oversee: Rails and grind–box
3. Mike

Global Warming Lab
Climate change is a critical issue that affects the Earth in a large–scale way. Humankind is primarily
responsible for the Earth's warming. Understanding why climate change is happening is crucial to be
able to decipher solutions.
Gases such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane all "have the ability to absorb thermal
energy (heat) emitted by the earth and thus are able to warm the atmosphere" ("Greenhouse Gases").
This warming is known as the "greenhouse effect." The majority of greenhouse gases are a result of
humans burning fossil fuels to create energy. With more greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, the
Earth's climate is becoming warmer, leading to threatening consequences for the planet's population.
For this experiment, we analyzed how various gases react to heat in an effort to understand climate
change. These gases include dry air, CO2, H2O (water vapor), and CH4 ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
We put dry air, CO2, H2O (water vapor), and CH4 (Methane) each in separate, identical, empty
water bottles. To create the dry air bottle, we just tightened a cap on an empty bottle. For the bottle
with CO2, we used a combination of baking soda and vinegar. This combination produces a reaction
that releases CO2. We simply poured the gas from this reaction into a bottle and tightened the cap.
For the bottle with water vapor, we put a wet rolled paper towel into the bottle then tightened the
cap. Professor Corbin prepared the methane (CH4) bottle with a gas jet. After creating the bottles,
we measured the initial temperature of each bottle through small holes in the caps. Throughout the
entire experiment, we were careful to keep the thermometer's wire suspended in the middle of the
bottle and not touching the side of the bottle. We also recorded the starting room temperature. We set
up each bottle so that they were 9–12 inches away from the light bulb. We were careful to keep each
bottle the same exact distance from the

Global Warming
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
I. Introduction about global warming. 1. What global warming is. 2. General views on global
warming. II. Some global warming causes. 1. Using transportation and burning fuels. 2.
Deforestation 3. Landfills 4. Population III. Effects 1. Rising sea level. 2. Drought and flood. 3.
Weather patterns changes. 4. Ecosystem IV. Solutions 1. Stop deforestation 2. Use public
transportations 3. Plant forests 4. Developing low carbon technologies. 5. Propagandize 6. Switch
off gadgets when not in use V. Conclusion
INTROCDUCTION
Nowadays global warming is the hot topic which is discussed many times and times. Obviously
there is no one magic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On the other hand industries release various gases into the water and air. Carbon dioxide, methane,
nitrous oxide are the major greenhouse gases. Different gases have different heat trapping
capabilities. Some of them trap more heat than carbon dioxide. Methane is much more effective then
carbon dioxide in entrapping heat in the atmosphere. By driving cars, using electricity from coal
fired plants and heating up our homes from natural gases, we release carbon dioxide and other heat
trapping gases in the atmosphere. 2. Deforestation
Deforestation is the cutting down of trees and plants to make way for any development activity.
Carbon dioxide is the air that our body lets out when we breathe. Trees take in this carbon dioxide
and release oxygen that we breathe in. With the cutting down of more and more trees is leading to
greater concentration of carbon dioxide in the air. Deforestation is blamed for rise in the greenhouse
gases present in the atmosphere by cutting or burning them. New development projects, requirement
of land for homes and factories, requirement for wood and also soil erosion are the major factors
that are causing deforestation, which in turn leading to global warming. 3. Landfills When we throw
garbage out of our house it goes to landfills. Landfills are those big chunks of garbage that you must
have seen on some expressway, when you go out of your city that stink.

Supply Irrigation Water Irrigation Systems
Increasing threats of freshwater shortage, reduction in arable land, and more frequent and severe
droughts due to climate change has stimulated research into water–saving irrigation strategies
aiming at producing more 'crop per drop' (Morison et al., 2008). The trend in recent years has been
towards conversion of surface irrigation to drip irrigation to improve water use efficiency, plant
quality and, crop yield. Drip irrigation systems have increasingly been used to supply irrigation
water, fertilizers, and pesticides to a wide range of vegetables, field crops, and fruit trees due to their
ability to enable highly localized application of water and nutrients to crops (Kandelous et al., 2011;
Selim et al., 2013). Drip systems can achieve ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Saito and Kitahara (2012) used ground penetration radar to predict the changes in water content
under subsurface drip irrigation. Studies also used disturbed soil samples by gravimetric method
(Al–Mefleh and Abu–Zreig, 2013; KUMAR et al., 2015) and point based soil water sensors such as
TDR (da Silva et al., 2009; dos Santos et al., 2016) and capacitance probes (Fernández–Gálvez and
Simmonds, 2006) to estimate SWC variations under drip irrigation. Most of these studies have
investigated two dimensional (2D) wetting patterns changes while three dimensional (3D) wetting
patterns could provide more insights into the changes of wetted radius and depth under drip
irrigation. This is due to the fact that spatial variations in soil properties induce spatial variations in
water distribution patterns between drippers (Or, 1996) and consequently sensor placements to
detect wetted soil volumes around drippers become challenging. Because it requires large number of
measurement points distributed vertically and horizontally around an emitter to monitor variations in
wetting patterns which is laborious and time–consuming and practically infeasible sometimes if
point based sensors used. Therefore, it is necessary to explore alternative soil water sensing
techniques which could provide spatially dense measurements at small to field scales.
Distributed temperature sensing (DTS) systems are optoelectronic devices which

Transpiration and Leaf Resistance Essay
Transpiration and Leaf Resistance
By: Bernina Berber
Introduction Transpiration is a part of the water cycle process, and it is the loss of water vapor from
parts of the plants. It is a process similar to evaporation. Evaporation and diffusion cause the plant
tissue to have negative water potential. If you were to compare transpiration it would be like saying
it is close to sweating (but in plants), especially in leaves but also in stems, flowers and roots.
Stomata are dots with openings on top of the leaves surfaces, which in many plants have numerous
on the undersides of the foliage. The stomas are boarded by guard cells that open and close the pore.
Leaf transpiration happens through stomata, it is considered as a necessary need ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
We determined the relative humidity of the air with a psychrometer.
Materials and Methods Citrus leaves come from a very mature orange tree that is located on our
campus; of course they were chosen from a branch so not much damage was done to the tree. Once
taken from the branch it was wrapped with parafilm, where it remained throughout the entire
experiment. The segment was placed in a plastic bag with a moist paper towel and returned to lab
rapidly. We measured the first weights when we returned to the lab. The weights were recorded
every 30 seconds for 10 minutes and every 5 minutes for 35 minutes after that. During this time one
of the other lab partners (we were in groups of four) measured the relative humidity of the air with a
psychrometer. Measured temperature was 25° C and a vapor pressure of 3.165 kPa for the dry bulb.
A temperature of 13° C (55.4° F) and a vapor pressure of depression of 0.682 kPa was found for the
wet bulb. We were able to do this by a data table that was already provided for us. The equation RH
= [ kPa (depress) / kPa (dry)] was used to determine the relative humidity of 21.5 %. The area of the
leaves was found by cutting out paper tracings of all four leaves after the 45–minute weight
measurement period. The tracings were then weighed and the total weight was compared to values
on standard curve, which was also provided

Environmental Problems Caused The World
Environmental Problems are not something to be ignored.
Pollution, overpopulation, deforestation, and global warming are just some of the environmental
problems that impact the world. These environmental problems can severely damage our world, and
could possibly be the downfall or destruction of the world, as well as the human race. All of the four
previously mentioned problems can cause environmental destruction. For example; pollution causes
global warming, and the warmer weather from global warming causes the glaciers and polar ice caps
to melt. The melting of the glaciers and polar ice caps make the water levels rise, and when the
water level rises, people 's homes get destroyed, so then more people have to move inland. With
more people inland, there becomes more overpopulation, pollution from all of the cars and factories,
deforestation to make more homes, and less room to grow food, or to hold animals that provide
food. These environmental problems become an example of the ripple effect, where one event leads
into another, which then also leads into another, growing larger and larger. People should confront
the environmental problems, because they affect us negatively, damage our world, and population.
Global warming is probably one of the most widely discussed environmental issues that does the
most damage, out of all of the environmental problems. Global warming was not recognized until a
Swedish scientist, by the name of Svante Arrhenius, was the first to claim

The Effect Of Temperature, Light, Orientation And Moisture...
The Effects of Temperature, Light, Orientation and Moisture on Germination of Seeds
Purpose:Investigate the effects experimental factors have upon seed germination rate such as light
intensity,temperature, seed orientation, or moisture.
Question: What effects do the environmental factors of light, temperature, orientation and moisture
level have on the germination of bean plants?
Introduction: Seed germination is the process in which a plant grows from a seed, using internal
stores of energy. This process utilizes enzymes, and metabolic pathways and is subsequently subject
to the influences of many different conditions if placed in a particular area or condition. One of
these is moisture around the seed and since the seed has very little water to begin with in its dormant
state, it is necessary for it to absorb water for activity through the seed coat. After water is absorbed,
starch reserves are used up and the seed coat ruptures as the seed becomes way too large for the
small space. Moisture is needed to even activate the process of germination and any variation of this
may play a role in creating different levels of germination and even different success stories for
different plants. Another element is temperature and since the process of germination is made of
many metabolic pathways created by enzymes, it is subject to temperature limitations in that the
enzymes may denature if the seed is too hot or not have enough activation energy at all to catalyze
the slow

Essay on Laboratory Techniques and Measurements
Title
Laboratory Techniques and Measurements
Purpose
The purpose of this experiment is to determine mass, length, temperature, volume, and density of
objects and liquids using common measuring devices and algebraic formulas. The metric system, the
most common set of measurements used in science, which includes meters, liters, Celsius, and
grams will be used.
Procedure
The following items were used within the experiment:
(1) Metric ruler with centimeter (cm) and millimeter (mm), (1) table salt, (1) small number of ice
cubes, (1) piece of string, (1) isopropyl (rubbing) alcohol, (1) tap water, (1) distilled water, 25 mL,
(1) paper, 5 cm x 5 cm for weighing chemicals, (1) colored drink, (1) beaker, 100 mL, glass (1) ...
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(NH4OH was used instead of NH3 because it was not available.)
An empty and distilled cleaned pipet was used to drop substances on the paper.
Observations / Data Table 1
Chemicals Well # Reaction on White Paper Reaction on Black Paper
NaHCO3
(sodium bicarbonate) HCL
(Hydrochloric Acid) A1 Mixture absorbed within paper within seconds; Clear bubbles appeared
within the product; stained clear Clear bubbles within the product; Product was slow to absorb into
paper; once substance was absorbed, the paper stained green
HCL
(Hydrochloric Acid) BTB
(bromthymol blue)a A2 Mixture beads on paper; Appears orange; Slow to absorb mixture; color
changed green and dried yellow–tan with a green border
NH3
(Ammonia) BTB
(bromthymol blue) A3 Mixture absorbed within paper within seconds; appears blue Absorbed
immediately; Appears blue

HCL
(Hydrochloric Acid) Blue Dye A4 Mixture absorbed within paper within seconds; Substance appears
green Slow to absorb mixture; did not change color of paper; Dried Green and tan
Blue Dye NaOCl
(sodium hypochlorite) A5 Mixture absorbed within paper within seconds; Aquablue Slow to absorb
mixture; Green with yellow border
**Forgot to add 1 drop of HCl
NaOCl
(sodium hypochlorite) KI
(potassium iodide) A6 Mixture absorbed within paper within seconds; Yellow Slow to absorb
mixture; Yellow
Add 1 drop of

Bacteria and Degrees Celsius Essay
Aseptic Technique & Culturing Microbes
Purpose: To learn and employ aseptic technique and basic forms of culture media as well as become
familiar with the basic requirements of microbial growth and the methods used to control microbial
growth.
Procedure: Obtained a small Styrofoam cooler placed two small light bulbs in side and observed
temperature over 24 hours to ensure temperature could be maintained between 98–100 degrees.
Using a 10% bleach solution I then cleaned my work area. Transferring one capsule of L.
acidopholis into a tube of MRS broth using the aseptic transfer technique then marked a line on test
tube to record sediment. Labeled tube of nutrient broth S. epidermidis, then using a sterile swab
obtained sample of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Bacterial refers to killing bacteria and bacteriostatic refers to inhibiting the growth of bacterial cells.
Sterilization is the complete destruction or elimination of all viable organisms. There is no degree of
sterilization either it is or is not. Disinfecting is lowering the number to safe levels
B. List five sterilization methods, how they work, and what they are used for. 1. Filtration – 2.
Boiling – 3. Autoclaving – 4. Dry Heat – 5. Incineration –
What is pure culture? Why is it important to work with a pure culture?
A pure culture is one in which all organisms are descendants of the same organism, it is important to
work with a pure culture due to microorganisms usually exist as mixed populations so to be able
study, characterize, and identify microorganisms they must be in the form of a pure culture.
What is aseptic technique? Why is it so critical?
Aseptic technique is the method of preventing unwanted microorganisms from gaining access, this
is crucial for allowing the transfer of growing organisms to a sterile medium with out introducing
any outside contaminants.
C. Describe three common forms of growth that you are likely to see in a broth culture?
Pellicle – mass of organisms floating in or on top if broth

Turbidity – organisms appear as a general cloudiness through the broth Sediment – mass of
organisms appears as a deposit at the

Essay T-φ gram
T–φ gram Determination of Unreported Meteorological Quantities from T–φ gram 1. Mixing Ratio
(W):– It is the ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air containing the vapours at a
certain temperature. It is expressed in gm/kg. On T–φ gram from dew point temperature we follow
isohygric doted green line and read the value at the base. (It can be calculated at all levels where
dew point temperature is available). 2. Saturation Mixing Ratio (Ws) :– Mixing ratio at saturation
point is called saturation mixing ratio. On T–φ gram from dry bulb temperature we follow isohygric
doted green line and read the value at the base. (It can be calculated at all levels where dry bulb
temperature is available). 3. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On T–φ gram, we follow pseudoadiabate from L.C.L. which cuts the temperature curve at 2 points.
The 1st point is L.F.C. and 2nd point is equilibrium level. 14. Negative Area (Stable area): The area
enclosed by temperature line, dry adiabate and pseudo–adiabate from surface to L.F.C. is called
negative area. It is also called stable area because in this area environment lapse rate is always less
than the dry adiabate lapse rate (D.A.L.R.) and pseudo–adiabatic lapse rate. In this area temperature
curve always lies to the right of dry adiabate and moist adiabates. 15. Positive Area: The area
enclosed by temperature line and moist adiabate between L.F.C. and equilibrium level is called
positive area. It is also called unstable area because Environment Lapse Rate (E.L.R.) is always
greater than moist adiabatic lapse rate (S.A.L.R). In this area temperature curve always lies to the
left of moist adiabate. 16. Virtual Temperature : It is defined as the temperature which the dry air
should have in order to be of the same density as the moist air at a given pressure. It is a ficticious
temperature and its value is slightly greater than the original temperature. TV = T + W/6 where W is
mixing ratio. 17. Equivalent Temperature (TC):– It is the temperature a parcel of air would have if
all its latent heat were converted to sensible heat by means of a

Persuasive Essay On How To Keep It Cool During A Hot Winter
Keeping it Cool during a Hot Perth Summer
Without a doubt, if you have lived in Perth during the summer months, you already know how hot,
humid, wet, and uncomfortable the summer season can be. Being able to keep the heat and moisture
out of your home is a matter of prior planning. Here are some great tips on how to keep your home
cool without using lots of electricity.
The Windows
1. Having tall plants or trees that shade the outside of your home helps to keep the heat away from
entering through your windows.
2. Shading your windows from the outside helps to prevent nearly 75 percent of the solar heat from
reaching the windows. This can easily be done with awnings, overhanging eaves, up and down
rolling shutters, bamboo shades, and self–applying reflective film.
3. Whether you have curtains or window blinds, keep them closing during the daylight hours,
especially during the peak heat generating hours of 3 to 6 PM. Light colored curtains are more
effective than darker colored ones. White blinds are effective in reflecting sunlight, and in keeping
solar heat away from the interior rooms cool.
4. Install UV Ray and Sunlight reflective window panes. This not only keeps the humidity and heat
out of your home, it will also reduce your dependence on your air conditioner.
5. Try to keep your windows closed at all times. However, it is totally fine to open your windows, if
you have screen covers, during the evenings if you live in an area that is significantly cooler

Sufficient Homemade Air Conditioner
Sufficient Homemade Air Conditioner
Introduction and Background of the Study As day time is starting to become more and more
unbearable, as fans would only constantly stir the hot sticky air S around, so the researchers ended
up in choosing this topic. The researchers chose this topic mainly because of the hot weather here in
the Philippines. The constant high temperature was the reason this came up to the researchers'
minds. This homemade air conditioner, also known as the "Swamp Cooler", can help take the edge
off and make a little more bearable. Not only that, but it's also very inexpensive, easy to make,
rather effective, and can ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the aide of the worsening effects of global warming from air conditioning units, and for the
demand of cooling machines in the heat of the sun.
The homemade air conditioner uses cheap materials that only needs a small amount of power that
can be used in a considerable amount of time. This experiment is a good substitute for expensive air
conditioners that contributes to global warming. This experiment can also help in saving electricity
bills.
As you can see in our community today, global warming is taking place. Bit by bit the ozone layer is
getting thinner and thinner causing the heat of the sun to be hotter than the usual. Extreme
temperature during summer also becomes a challenge for everyone. Many homes do not have air
conditioning due to the expensive price and for some who has intended to minimize the use to avoid
high electricity bills.
The invention of homemade air conditioner is a big help for all as the researchers believe that it can
be approximately 30–50% cheaper to run as it consumes less power (if used correctly).The best part
about the homemade air conditioner is its economic feasibility and will make your proximate
conditions cooler and pleasant to endure

Construction Engineering : Construction Science And...
Construction BTEC Subsidiary Diploma in Construction & the Built Environment Unit 4 –
Construction Science and Materials Liam Mc Ardle Mrs C Keyes Scenario: A property developer is
converting an old railway station into retail and office accommodation. The client is keen to make
the working environment for the staff as comfortable as possible. As a consultant, explain how this
can be done by addressing the relevant grading criteria. http://hdimagesnew.com/wp–
content/uploads/2015/11/Old–Railway–Station–Images–9.jpg The railway station above would be
very well suited to being able to convert the building into a retail or office space. The ground is very
flat and level at the station and it is quite isolated which allows the people in the office to have some
privacy. The railway station is very large which allow enough space for a shop if it was used for
retail or enough space for of a large modern office. I hope to convert this railway station into a retail
& modern comfortable office space, like the one below.
http://bizbeatblog.dallasnews.com/files/2016/04/schoolinside.jpg Introduction For this assignment I
have to develop a decent understanding of the factors of human comfort within any building. The
people must feel comfortable within their own work environment and workplace. To be able to offer
them the comfort they need to be able to work to the best of their ability, I need to learn about the
factors that can affect how comfortable

The Causes of Global Warming and Its Effects on the...
The Causes of Global Warming and Its Effects on the Environment
Global warming has been a hot topic for many years and the climatological phenomenon was the
subject of 2006's An Inconvenient Truth. The documentary focuses on Al Gore's campaign to bring
attention to the problem of global warming through a slide presentation that he has developed and
lectured on around the world. This documentary brought to light global warming and the effects that
it is having on the environment. Global warming is caused by greenhouse gasses getting trapped
within the Earth's atmosphere. Greenhouse gasses are produced in a variety of ways such as through
the combustion of fossil fuels, by factories, and through the production of electricity. While the main
component of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere is carbon dioxide, other greenhouse gasses
include methane that is released from landfills and agriculture, nitrous oxide that comes from
fertilizer, and gases that are used for refrigeration and other industrial processes. Deforestation is
also a major contributor to the increase of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere; because there are
fewer trees to convert carbon dioxide into oxygen, the level of carbon dioxide will naturally increase
and accumulate in the atmosphere. These greenhouse gasses accumulate in the atmosphere and over
time, will cause the Earth's temperature to rise. These higher temperatures have an adverse effect on
the environment and can cause things both ecological

Scin 137 Final Exam Answers All Possible Questions
SCIN 137 Final Exam Answers All Possible Questions https://homeworklance.com/downloads/scin–
137–final–exam–answers–possible–questions/
Question 1 of 254.0 Points
Suppose Hurricane Bruno reached land with a sustained wind speed of 150 miles per hour. What
category would the National Weather Service assign to this storm?
A.Category Two
B.Category Three
C.Category Four
D.Category Five
What is the relative humidity when the air temperature is 75 degrees Fahrenheit and the Wet Bulb
temperature is 65 degrees Fahrenheit?
A.40 percent
B.50 percent
C.60 percent
D.70 percent block is moving with a speed of 6 meters per second. What is the magnitude of the
unknown force?
A.2 Newtons
B.11 Newtons ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A.110
B.120
C.130
D.140
Which of the following can be attributed to refraction of light in theA.The green flash, which is a
light green color on the upper rim of the Sun as it is setting
B.Scintillation, or the twinkling of light from stars
C.Twilight, the time after sunset (and before sunrise) when the sky remains somewhat illuminated
D.The green flash, scintillation, and twilight are all results of atmospheric refraction.

What is the normal pH of rain?
A.4.1
B.5.6
C.7.0
D.8.3
Which meteorological satellite orbit is best suited for continuous monitoring of the track of a
hurricane?
A.Geostationary Orbit
B.Polar Orbit
C.Low Earth Equatorial Orbit
D.Lunar
In which layer of the Earth's atmosphere do most of the charged particles of the ionosphere coexist
with neutral (uncharged) atoms and molecules?
A.troposphere
B.stratosphere
C.mesosphere
D.thermosphere
What is the relative humidity when the wet–bulb temperature and the dry–bulb temperature are the
same?
A.90 percent
B.95 percent
C.100 percent
D.None of the above
Normal temperature for the human body is about 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. This is about 37

Assignment 1: Science Toys
Reflection #1: Science Toys As I walked up to class I noticed that they were an object place at every
group. The give task was to observe the toys using your five senses to figure out the function of it
and what cause it to function as its does. As a group we had to move to the different station counter
clockwise. Out of the five toys that the professor presents to us the two that appeal to me the most
were the Balancing Bird and the Drinking Bird. The Balancing Bird is a plastic bird that is balanced
by it beak. The concept behind this toy is gravity. The balancing bird is a toy that has its center of
gravity located at the tip of the beak. The center of gravity (also called the center of mass) is a
special point on an object. It's the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Evaporation lowers the temperature of the glass head (heat of vaporization). The temperature
decrease causes some of the dichloromethane vapor in the head to condense. The lower temperature
and condensation together cause the pressure to drop in the head (by the ideal gas law). The higher
vapor pressure in the warmer base pushes the liquid up the neck. As the liquid rises, the bird
becomes top heavy and tips over. When the bird tips over, the bottom end of the neck tube rises
above the surface of the liquid. A bubble of warm vapor rises up the tube through this gap,
displacing liquid as it goes. Liquid flows back to the bottom bulb (the toy is designed so that when it
has tipped over the neck's tilt allows this), and pressure equalizes between the top and bottom bulbs.
The weight of the liquid in the bottom bulb restores the bird to its vertical position. The liquid in the
bottom bulb is heated by ambient air, which is at a temperature slightly higher than the temperature
of the bird's

Water Loss Lab
Using the collected data, the rate of water loss from the sand needs to be calculated using the
psychrometric chart and the change in weight of the sand mixture over time. To illustrate the process
of calculating the water loss, the equilibrium data from Trial 1 will be used. T_(wb,out)=24.5⁰C
T_(db,out)=50.5⁰C T_(wb,in)=23.5⁰C T_(db,in)=50.5⁰C With the wet and dry bulb temperatures, the
psychrometric chart was used to find the moisture contents and humid volumes for the air at the
inlet and outlet of the tray dryer. The values found using the psychrometric chart are provided
below. H_out=0.93 m^3/(kg dry air ) H_in=0.93 m^3/(kg dry air ) h_out=0.0087 kg/(kg dry air)
h_in=0.0071 kg/(kg dry air) Before the water vapor mass flow rate can be ... Show more content on
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m ̇_(wv,in)=(0.0071 kg/(kg dry air)*0.06 m^3/s)/(0.93 m^3/(kg dry air ))=0.000458 kg/s m
̇_(wv,out)=(0.0087 kg/(kg dry air)*0.06 m^3/s)/(0.93 m^3/(kg dry air ))=0.000485 kg/s With the
water vapor mass flow rates calculated, the mass flow rate of the water evaporating from the system
can be calculated by subtracting the two flow rates. 0.000485 kg/s–0.000458 kg/s=0.000027 kg/s
The water loss of the sand from the initial point of drying until steady–state was reached was then
calculated by subtracting the weight of the dry sand from the weight of the wet sand. The difference
in the water masses was divided by the change in time to determine the mass flow rate of water loss.
m_(w,1)=568g–438g=130 g m_(w,2)=546g–438g=108 g (m ̇_w=(130g–108g)/(1293.6 secs)*(1
kg)/1000g=0.000017 kg/s) ̇ Finally, the percent closure of the system can be calculated using the
two calculated mass flow rates, as shown below. % closure=(0.000017 kg/s)/(0.000027
kg/s)*100=62.96% Table 5 presents the results for each of the trials. Table 5. Experimental Results
for Trials 1–4 Trial Mass Flow Rate of Water Vapor (kg/s) Mass Flow Rate of Water Loss (kg/s)
Percent Closure

final exam Essay
APUS SCIN137 Final Exam
Part 1 of 1 – 100.0 Points
Question 1 of 25 4.0 Points
Suppose Hurricane Bruno reached land with a sustained wind speed of 150 miles per hour. What
category would the National Weather Service assign to this storm?
A.Category Two
B.Category Three
C.Category Four
D.Category Five
Answer Key: C
What is the relative humidity when the air temperature is 75 degrees Fahrenheit and the Wet Bulb
temperature is 65 degrees Fahrenheit?
A.40 percent
B.50 percent
C.60 percent
D.70 percent
Answer Key: C
An unknown force pushes a 17 kilogram block across a smooth (frictionless) floor. Three seconds ...
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A.4.0

B.6.0
C.8.0
D.10.0
Answer Key: A
What is the Heat Index when the air temperature is 97 degrees Fahrenheit and the relative humidity
is 60 percent?
A.110
B.120
C.130
D.140
Answer Key: B
Which of the following can be attributed to refraction of light in the atmosphere?
A.The green flash, which is a light green color on the upper rim of the Sun as it is setting
B.Scintillation, or the twinkling of light from stars
C.Twilight, the time after sunset (and before sunrise) when the sky remains somewhat illuminated
D.The green flash, scintillation, and twilight are all results of atmospheric refraction.
Answer Key: D
What is the normal pH of rain?
A.4.1
B.5.6
C.7.0
D.8.3
Answer Key: B

Which meteorological satellite orbit is best suited for continuous monitoring of the track of a
hurricane?
A.Geostationary Orbit
B.Polar Orbit
C.Low Earth Equatorial Orbit D.Lunar Orbit
Answer Key: A
In which layer of the Earth's atmosphere do most of the charged particles of the ionosphere coexist
with neutral (uncharged) atoms and molecules?
A.troposphere
B.stratosphere

Chaparral Biome
The temperate woodland and shrubland biome, also known as chaparral is only found in a couple of
places. It tends to grow in regions surrounding oceans such as western North America, central Chile,
southwestern Australia, the southern tip of Africa, and around the Mediterranean Sea. In the summer
the temperature is about 40 degrees Celsius and in the winter is 10 degrees Celsius. This biome has
hot, dry summers and mildly cold, wet winters. Fire is extremely important in the Chaparral biome.
It helps to clear away old and dead growth. Without fire the plants would become too think and
choke themselves. Many of the plants in this biome need fire to germinate. They can have seeds or
bulbs that lie dormant, which means that the seeds wont sprout ... Show more content on
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They tend to be browsers and eat leaves, grasses, and shrubs. Due to the open environment many
animals use camouflage. Migration is also common, especially with birds and mule deer. Blue Oak,
Quercus douglasii, is native to North America. It grows in valleys and on lower slopes. Blue Oak
covers around three million acres and is one of the largest ancient forests in California. This tree has
adapted to the hot climate with its small, leaves and long roots. A waxy coating covers the thick
leaves. Blue Oaks have extensive root systems that can grow through cracks in rocks to depths of 80
feet. This enables the tree to get water during droughts. With these adaptations, Blue Oak can
survive temperatures over 100 degrees Fahrenheit for several weeks. The Blue Oak tree is a
deciduous tree, but will sometimes shed its leaves and go dormant for many years during severe
droughts. It is a short tree with an open canopy and an average height of 30 feet. The leaves are
blue–green in color and one to three inches long. Acorns are thin and ¾ to 1 ½ inches long. They
ripen in one year and are able to germinate after one month. Blue Oak reproduces through seeds and
from cut or burnt stumps. The light colored, thick bark helps reduce fire damage. The number of
Blue Oak trees has decreased due to their slow growth, but they aren't considered endangered
because of their wide distribution. People use Blue Oak for fence posts and fire wood. Native
Americans also ate the acorns and used the wood to make

Phs 113 Mid Term
PHS119 MIDTERM EXAM
************************************************************************
This midterm exam was completed individually by me. I did not receive nor did I give unauthorized
assistance during the taking of this exam.
____________________________
Student Name
************************************************************************
1. (8pts) Is the atmospheric "greenhouse effect" bad for us and for our planet? Explain your answer.
The greenhouse effect allows the sun's radiation to get to Earth and absorbs some of the infrared
radiation from Earth. Without the greenhouse effect, we would release too much infrared energy
which would cause our planet to freeze. Greenhouse gases actually occur naturally and they are
good for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is different than the actual air temperature as the wind chill temperature is usually lower
because of the lost heat from the wind.
3. The last temperature is the wet bulb temperature. This indicates the lowest temperature that can
still evaporate water. The wet bulb temperature is lower than the air temperature, but as the two get
closer together it is harder for the skin to evaporate water which may make someone sweaty and
harder for them to cool off.
4. I thought I remember reading that there was a 4th one which was the difference in temperature
from direct sunlight and indirect sunlight (such as standing in the shade). If you put a thermometer
in the direct sun, the temperature may be the result of heating the thermometer instead of the actual
air temperature.
4. (4pts) Differentiate between:
a. weather and climate.
Climate is average conditions or air temperatures over a period of time. Weather is the immediate air
temperature.
b. frost and frozen dew.
Frost forms when there is enough moisture in the air and the ground is cold to cause the moisture to
condense and reach the dew point. The frost happens because the dew point is below freezing and
the moisture goes from a gas to a solid without hitting the liquid phase. Frozen dew follows the
same process except it goes from gas to liquid to solid.
5. (9pts) Explain the

Acoustic Environment Within Fice
Task 1A: Acoustic environment within the office: the office should be a quite tranquil place to allow
concentration levels to excel on the workers behalf. This can be created by using things like sound
proof glass and insulation and having heavy duty soundproof doors. However I do not believe these
actions will be needed as the office block is located in quite a rural and quiet area in itself. However
there will be some steps taken to ensure the tranquillity of the offices such as the insulation being
sound proof. Another factor would be that the walls must be thick to allow little sound in the office
from the surrounding area to allow more concentration. Essentially 35 decibels of sound would be
an optimum noise level this is like the same level of acoustics in a library. Things like the printer
and the other machines can effect noise levels but keeping them in a separate room can prevent them
from becoming a distraction. Also the customers of the shop below could create noise but good
insulation will prevent this to a certain degree.
Thermal environment within the office: the thermal factors of the office block should be a constant
comfortable heat this allows the workers to concentrate a lot better and results in a better work
environment. This can be accomplished by underground heating using heated pipes under a carpeted
office block. Also insulation will be needed to a high degree which will allow the room to remain at
the constant temperature desired I mentioned

Rocky Mountain Flor Case Study
Ronnie Estes
Rocky Mountain Flora
April 17, 2015
Timothy
Family/Description
Timothy, Phleum pratense, is in the family Poaceae, the grass family. This grass is a cool–season
perennial plant that grows in bunches or clumps. It has a shallow and fibrous root system. Leaves
vary in length from a few inches to a foot and are about 1/4 inch wide and narrowing toward the tip.
Heads are a dense cylindrical spike–like panicle. Seeds are very small, numerous and usually
enclosed in glumes. Timothy is different from most other grasses in that 1 or occasionally 2 of the
basal internodes of the stem swell into a bulb–like growth and serve as a storage stem. This
characteristic is used for identification of the plant during its early growth stages. ... Show more
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It is used in cool humid, temperate, high rainfall regions for grazing, primarily by cattle. Timothy is
often seeded in mixtures with legumes such as alfalfa or clover for better performance, as it is the
grass least competitive with legumes, but it is also grown alone to make premium hay, particularly
for horses. Timothy is used for pasture, silage, but mostly for hay and is highly responsive to
fertilizers.
Erosion control: Timothy can be used with legumes and/or other grasses in a mix for cover
purposes, filter strips, waterways, and other critical area applications. Timothy helps stabilize the
soil and has been used for erosion control. It is well adapted to intense disturbances and is widely
used for rehabilitation of highly disturbed sites: cutover, burned–over, and overgrazed mountain
rangelands, sites disturbed by construction of railroads, canals, trails or highways, logging sites and
strip mines as well as sites altered for recreational purpose.

This chapter includes general information related to the...
This chapter includes general information related to the main subject of this project which is a
fogging system. How does the system work?
The working principle of the fog cooling system can be summarized as this system utilizes very high
pressure water about 1000 psi or 70 pars which occurred from a pump with high quality and
delivery lines to create a very fine droplets size nearly 10 micron from specifically designed nozzles.
Then, these fine droplets are quickly evaporated and absorbed the heat found in the air. In order to
offer an excellent cooling; fog cooling systems use something called flash evaporation (Giacomelli,
2003). Fog Evaporative cooling
According to Al–Amri, (2000) evaporative cooling is the chill that the person ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
For better performance, cooling fans sometimes are added for the purpose of air circulation in closed
areas, where the expected temperature will differ based on the climatic conditions, where cooling to
12°C is possible under the best circumstances (Yuwana et al., 2011). Evaporative Cooling
Fog evaporative cooling system is similar to the conventional misting system in many aspects. But it
works at a much higher pressure reached to (1000 – 2000 lb in–2; 7000 – 14000 kPa) and tiny
nozzles with (1.2 gal hr–1; 4.5 L hr–1) volume. The tiny droplets can evaporate more quickly and
efficiently, the evaporation rate is influenced also by the area of the surface, where the relation
between them is proportionally. High quality filtration and water systems are necessary for reducing
the clogging nozzles problem (Giacomelli, 2003).
The evaporative cooling system is usually consisted of two lengths of fog nozzles (0.5 in; 1.3 cm)
PVC pipe diameter. The nozzles may be made of high pressure, stainless steel and it could produce a
water droplets or "fog" with 0.2 mm diameter at (1.3 ml s–1 ;1.2 gal hr–1) flow rate and (3450 kPa
;500 lb in–2) pressure. The effectiveness of cooling is defined as the ratio of the reduction of the
immediate inner dry bulb air temperature to the depression of the inner wet bulb, before fogging, is
determined and calculated to 50% – 70%. thus, if the

Jared Diamond 's The Worst Mistake
Coexisting with each of its counterparts, Mother Earth and the system in which we live in
effortlessly orchestrates the fundamental basis of not only human existence but nevertheless all of
the life in which it contains. The climate of our Earth however, has been continuously changing
since the beginning of its formation about 4.5 billion years ago although; it wasn't until around the
early 18th century that a widespread concern occurred in American minds regarding the treatment of
our environment. This altered perspective made way for understanding that humans have made the
biggest impact to our planet, biosphere, and atmosphere etc. drastically more so than any other
organism. It is commonly argued in Jared Diamond's The Worst Mistake in ... Show more content on
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Throughout this composition I intend to shed light onto the present day agricultural practices and the
key natural components of this planet that support life and sustain biodiversity. As we all
understand, the Earth has many landmarks and it is these physical features that create an abundant
and organized system within which we thrive. One of the most abundant natural resources on the
planet is water and the importance of this element is as crucial as any other. For the fortunate few
who get to utilize it, this amazing reserve provides us with our necessity for daily consumption as
well as our ability to grow just about anything we please. Common irrigation practices are essential
for gathering water into a contained area to grow crops that would not typically survive in areas
without heavy rainfall. As a matter of fact, "irrigation is an ancient practice that originated along the
Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in what is now Iraq" and is now the result of an estimated 40 percent of
all crops grown around the world (Water Encyclopedia). This tactic has provided many different
cultures with numerous varieties of crops as well as growth in crop yield which in turn dramatically
advances human civilization. As we develop into a more progressive society, the tools and systems
used to grow our crops also become more intelligent as well as sustainable

N Fowleri Consists Of An Amoeba
The trophozoite of N fowleri consists of an amoeba surrounded by a two–layer membrane. The
cytoplasm contains free and bound ribosomes, as well as membrane–bound organelles. A smooth
endoplasmic reticulum, a Golgi–like structure, mitochondria, vacuoles, and nucleus–containing
nuclear envelope are present. Microfilaments create a supportive cytoskeleton. The N fowleri
flagellate is pear–shaped. The cytoplasm has fewer vacuoles, and the components of a flagellar
apparatus (flagellum, basal body, rootlet) are present. The spherical cyst is enclosed in a mucous–
sealed porous cell wall. The cytoplasm contains enlarged mitochondria and the nucleolus is less
pronounced. The N fowleri may change to the flagellated (motile, non–feeding) state due to a lack
of nutrients in the environment. The cystic form serves as protection, and the organism may change
to this state in response to negative environmental factors like pH changes, toxin exposure,
anaerobic conditions, and desiccation. The trophozoite form is the feeding state, and would occur in
favorable, nutrient–rich conditions. Trophozoites are the only infective stage of N. fowleri; they
have the ability to penetrate the nasal epithelium. This is the phase most likely present in the tap
water. N fowleri consumes organic nutrients, and brain tissue provides a rich food source. The
trophozoite is the feeding and infectious phase, and it is the phase that is found in human tissue. The
trophozoite phase, therefore, is the phase

Research On Dry Sponges
In the experiment the first step would be creating a null hypothesis that allowed for any observed
differences which could be caused by sampling or experimental error. A total of 66 isopods were
used among the three trials conducted. The average dimensions of the sponges used was 5cm in
length, 3cm in width, and 1cm in height. Using a 3 ml transfer pipette to moisten two of the
sponges. Adding water to one side of each sponge and adding water to the other side in 3mL
quantities. This would give us a total of 6 milliliters that the sponges absorbed. By taking the
average dimensions of the 2 damp sponges they came out to be 5.75cm in length, 3.4cm in width,
and 1.1 in height. Before you can start the next process make sure the lamp is 20cm above ... Show
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For the first experiment the graphs depicted exclude the outliers from being represented in the
results (Figure 1). The outliers were also excluded from the chi square analysis. There was a
significant drop in isopods that went under the dry sponge. In the chi square analysis, the X^2 value
is 41.18. The Degrees of freedom value is 3 and the P value is 0.3285. Figure 1: This graph shows
the percentage of isopods that preferred wet or dry sponges across 3 trials. The relationship
displayed showed a favoring of the wet environment. The Chi square equation was used to for the
purpose of understanding the statistical data behind the research. There was no definitive conclusion
that there is a difference in speed that would correlate to the size of the isopod. For the next portion
of the experiment a T–test for the speed vs size was conducted. The important numbers and
variables are as follows: The degrees of freedom was 28. The T–stat value is 0.9944. The T–critical
two tail number was 2.048. The P–value two tails came out to 0.3285. The P–value is less than 0.05
so it is not significant. This is due to random chance. The T–stat value is smaller than the t–critical
for the two tailed test so in this situation we would accept the null

Tools Used for Measuring Temperature
Task 1:
For this question, I'm going to discus about three measurements that I searched about which is used
for measuring the temperature. Vapor pressure measure thermometer was the first one I choose. I
hadn't known there was an instrument that could measure the temperature depending on the
pressure. The second instrument is Liquid in Glass thermometer. And finally, the third instrument is
infrared Pyrometer. I will provide figures and some information about these thermometers, and also
the advantage and disadvantage.
Vapor Pressure Thermometer
A vapor pressure thermometer is consists of: a bulb, a pressure sensor, long tube connects the bulb
to the pressure sensor, and the valve. Figure 1: vapor pressure thermometer: 1) bulb containing two
phases of a substance in thermal equilibrium, 2) pressure sensor, 3) connecting tube to connect the
bulb with the sensor, 4) filling system.1
Figure 2: diagram for a pure substance. "t" triple point and "C" critical point.1
Vapor pressure thermometers are founded on the saturated vapor pressure in a two–phase system.
The behavior of a liquid–vapor system in equilibrium is described in the tC curve. Beside the curve
for a pure substance, the pressure differs on the temperature and not on the quantity of substance
vaporized. The temperature range related with vaporization is limited to temperatures between the
critical point and the triple point of the substance. The range is even further reduced if the extreme
pressures to

Alcoa Warrick Operations: A Case Study
On Wednesday, July 29th, 2015 Alcoa IH department did heat stress monitor in the potrooms at
Alcoa Warrick Operations. This monitor is a part of the heat stress awareness program during the
summer. Working at the potrooms exposes the workers to physical hazards, such as noise, radiant
energy, and heat. Since the pots run at temperatures of about 980 ̊C, there is potential for heat stress
hazard and burns from hot electrolytic bath and metal to occur. Workers in potrooms are in hot
environments most of the time. Therefore, they are particularly at risk of heat stress since ventilation
may not afford sufficient cooling. Workers at the potrooms are working for 12–hour shifts. During
this 12 hours, workers are require to do 17 set up carbon which exposes workers to open pot heat 17
times every day. Exposed to heat for that long time will cause a potential heat stress hazard.
Alcoa Safety department takes heat stress awareness program very seriously. In (Figure 1) a water
cart is available around the potrooms all the time. It provides water, Gatorade, V8, pretzels and fruit
to keep the body properly nourished and hydrated.
Figure 1 a water cart ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Alcoa Safety Department and Medical Department at Alcoa work jointly to conduct heat stress
toolbox meetings and how to educate workers about how they keep themselves hydrated all the
time. A medical team will be available at the potroms all the time. There is a coolant recovery area
for each line that provides them fruit and water all the time. Alcoa Safety department encourages
workers to have a break any time if they feel they are tired. In (Figure 1.1) Alcoa Safety department
provides fans at the potrooms to help workers cool down right next to the pots and requires workers
in potrooms to wear respiratory protection, coveralls, earplugs or muffs, gloves, gaiters, safety
boots, face shields, and eye

The Habits Of Common Camas
Part I: Species Natural History AccountPreferred Local Habitats:The community for our South
Eugene native habitats might find Common Camas will be coniferforests, wet prairieand
woodland.Life History & DescriptionLife Cycle State and Life Span:The Common Camas produces
an egg–shapedbulb(2cm) thatproduces shoots which begin to emerge underground as early as
January, and a are visible by early April. Peak flowering is in early to mid–MayGrowing through
June, it can reach up to70 cm in height, and goes dormant for the rest of the year, leaving a dry stalk
with lilaceous seed pods, open at the top. From germination, Common Camas usuallyrequiresthree
years of establishment before producing a large enough bulb to support a bloom. (Polar and ... Show
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Store the bulbs in a dry, dark, cool, well ventilated place in a potting medium such as dry peat moss,
similar to recommendations for fall planted/spring flowering bulbs (such as daffodils and tulips).
Keep the bulbs from completely drying out and transport or store at 63–68° F (De Hertogh, Noone
and Lutman 1990). Common camas reproduces vegetatively by offset bulblets (De Hertogh et. al.
1993). However, much less than one percent of a wild population may produce offsets and bulbs
may be stimulated to do so only as the result of a wound (Thoms 1989). Plant camas outdoors in the
fallor early winter, when soils are moist enough to dig and prevailing soil temperatures are cool.
This is generally below 60°F. Fall planting allows for better root development and fulfillment of any
chilling requirement for flowering (De Hertogh et. al. 1993). Bulbs, bulblets, and offsets can be
utilized. However, if flowering is desired the following spring, bulbs must be of sufficient age (3–5
years old with 3–4 bulb leaves or scales) and size (Thoms 1989).Seasonal Activity and
Movements:Established beds can be harvested in late summer for bulbs. Mature bulbs can be stored
and planted in November for spring flowering.(Polar and Mackinnon, 1994)Timing, modes and
distance of dispersal of propagulesor young:Best to sow in January in fast–draining potting soil or
sandy planter bed.You'll need four bulbs per square foot. (Square footage is

Reactance Window Drying
Reactance Window drying: Reactance Technology is a novel drying system. It uses circulating water
at atmospheric pressure as a means to carry thermal energy to material to be dehydrated.[2] Infrared
Zone Drying: It uses infrared energy applied to a thin film of product in a series of zones. This
allows product to be maintained at a low temperature to avoid damage while in its liquid state.
DRYING FUNDAMENTALS Drying involves the removal of moisture in thermal drying; this is
achieved by give the heat to the product. The heat increases the vapor pressure of the moisture in the
product above that of the surrounding air. Pressure and thermal cause the moisture, liquid and vapor,
to move to the surface of the product. Evaporation takes place and water vapor is transferred to the
surrounding air. This air may become saturated but the process of drying continues if this moist air
is replaced by less saturated air. In a crop there is a combination of free and bound moisture. Free
moisture is water that can move through the product in an unrestricted way. Its movement is not
dependent on the internal structure of the crop. The vaporization– evaporation process is at a
maximum when there is sufficient free water in the product to replace that evaporated at its surface.
As this moisture is evaporated the moisture content of the product falls and the product temperature
is close to the wet bulb temperature of the drying air. This period in the drying process is usually
known as

Patrick Poib's Igloos
Patrick Poib is a fun loving little polar bear. Patrick lives in Greenland in the icy cold tundra with his
mother Polly Poib, and his dad, Pete Poib. In their little igloo they play around, eat and sleep, but
when they are not in their igloo they are out cloud gazing, on the weekends. They always eat either
fresh caught fish for all of their meals, or they eat yummy Eskimos that hunt caribous. Polly and
Pete have the same job, they're igloo builders. Polly designs the houses, and Pete builds them.
Patrick goes to school and walks home or takes the sled with his friend Linda the lemming. The
Poibs, at the end of the day, meet up in their igloo and eat lunch all together.
One day a strange thing happened, more than strange, it was almost something that has never
happened in Greenland; Patrick's house started to melt. It was during summer, which is not very hot
though, but still sunny, but this has never happened before. Greenland's normal temperature outside
is –27° Celsius to 5° Celsius; it is always cold! Now the sun is getting even stronger, and it has
reached the highest it has ever been in Greenland! It was during the night when Patrick's igloo
started melting, the first sign of it was the water dripping from the ceiling; it only dripped on
Patrick, but he ignored it. The next night Patrick was soaking wet and his home was wearing out and
barely had a ceiling anymore; the Poib family woke up in the middle of the night, and saw the dark
sky and the dwarf trees surrounding

Assignment On Human Comfort Within Buildings Essay
BTEC Subsidiary Diploma in Construction & the Built Environment
Unit 4: Science and Materials
Name: Pearse Marshall
Candidate Number: 3071
Teacher: Mrs Keyes
Assignment 1: Human comfort within buildings Scenario– A property developer is converting an old
railway station into retail and office accommodation. The client is keen to make the working
environment for the staff as comfortable as possible. As a consultant, explain how this can be done
by addressing the relevant grading criteria.
Introduction– I will begin by trying to understand what the client is doing, and then I will include a
picture of the old railway station, but also a picture of what the client hopes the offices and retail
businesses will look like when they are completed
In this photograph we can see the old railway station, in which the client hopes to convert into an
office.
In this picture we can see what the client is aiming for their office to look like.
Task 1A
Identify the basic factors that will influence human comfort in the office accommodation in thermal,
acoustic and visual terms.
Thermal
Thermal comfort is when people feel comfortable in the office, neither too warm nor cold, buildings
should ensure that people are warm enough in the winter and cool enough in the summer, and
causing no discomfort to the people working in the business Thermal comfort is the temperature
inside the office; the minimum work temperature should be at least 13 degrees and TUC guidelines
a maximum 30

Paper on Heat Stress
Heat Stress Exercises– Bhaskarla Krishna Harika
Question 1:
(5 marks)
Herbicide spraying is taking place with a hand–held spray. The sprayers carry a container of
weedkiller on their backs and the spraying covers a large area which they are covering on foot.
The sprayers have just come back from annual leave, this being their first week back.
To protect themselves against the herbicide, they are wearing cotton coveralls and gloves.
On the day when spraying is to take place, the temperatures are measured at 11am.
They are: Globe temperature 43.50C Air temperature 32.00C Natural wet bulb temperature 20.00C *
Calculate the WBGT * What work–rest program would you recommend? * ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Their body has to adjust to the demanding work as well as the climatic conditions. Gardening is
considered a level 3 or heavy work category. The above WGBT is determined to be 24.10C. This
indicates that the work/rest ratio should be around 75%:25% i.e a rest break of 15 minutes or more
every hour considering the nature of work. * Work–rest program for workers who returned 2 weeks
earlier: The workers who have acclimatized themselves to work during the 2 weeks that others
missed have an advantage of working longer hours. Even though gardening is a heavy category
work, the limit where there is a compulsion of resting every hour is at a WGBT of 26–270C which
is much higher than the 24.10C in this case. Hence, the workers who have returned back from
Christmas shutdown can work according to their normal schedule taking mid–day rest during lunch.
* Question 3: * (5 marks) * Workers are complaining about hot conditions in an aluminium refinery.
Whilst the particular process is a hot one, the workers can tolerate it at most times, except during the
height of summer. The process is continuous, so that knocking off when the ambient temperature
gets too high is not an option.

The Heat Transfer Of A Forced Draft Cooling
Abstract
The aim of this experiment is to analyse the heat transfer of a forced draft cooling water tower and
to perform energy and mass balances on the system. The system consisted of a single cooling tower
where the heated water flowed down the tower, while air flow was directed against the water flow.
In the system the energy consumption of the heating element, the flow rate of the heated water and
pressure could be adjusted. Measured properties in the system include the wet and dry bulb
temperatures at the inlet and outlet, the temperature of the water in and out, the make–up
temperature and the pressure. The power to the heat is predetermined as well as the water mass flow
rate. The enthalpy, absolute humidity and the specific ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Water is more commonly used due to its higher heat transfer coefficient, resulting in a smaller
required surface area for cooling. The downside to water based cooling systems is that once the
water has heated it must be cooled before it can be used again, this is a problem when trying to
minimalise heat pollution. Due to the need for cooling of the water used, systems such as cooling
water towers were developed. This is the most common method of cooling for recirculated water in
chemical process industries. While water is fed down the tower, a cooling air flow is fed up through
a system of slats that will increase the surface area of the water being cooled. As water falls down
through the tower some of it will evaporate, this acts to further cool the stream as more heat is
expelled in the form of latent heat. The aim of this report is to analyse the heat transfer of a forced
draft cooling tower and to perform energy and mass balances on the system. The Bench Top Cooling
Tower H891, with six thermometer readings, two wet and dry bulbs at the top and bottom of the
system, was put into a steady state where measurements were made.

Phacochoerus: Wild Pets In The Savanna Biome
Phacochoerus is a genus of wild pigs in the S uidae family, known as w arthogs. It is the sole g e n u
s o f s u b f a m i l y P h a c o c h o e r i n a e . T h e y a r e f o u n d i n o p e n a n d s e m i o p e n h
a b i t a t s , e v e n i n q u i t e arid regions, in s ub
Saharan Africa. The two species were formerly
considered conspecific under the scientific name Phacochoerus aethiopicus, but today this is limited
to the d esert warthog, while the best
known and most widespread species, the c ommon warthog is
Phacochoerus africanus. Weather The savanna biome is an area that has a very dry season and then a
very wet season.Because of the extended periods of wet and dry climate in the savanna biome, the
availability of food changes throughout the year.Climate is very important in the savanna biome. If
the rainfall decreases and/or the temperature increases, the animals and plants will not be able to
continue to survive. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Amongst the woody plant species are serious environmental weeds such as Prickly Acacia, Lantana
and Prickly Pear. Animals 2 The antelopes are especially diverse and include eland,
impalas,gazelles oryx, gerenuk and kudu. Buffalo, wildebeest, plains zebra,rhinos, giraffes,
elephants and warthogs are among other herbivores of the African savanna. Carnivores include
lions, leopards, cheetahs,jackals, wild dogs and hyenas. Food The warthog is mainly a grazer and
has adapted an interesting practice of kneeling on its calloused, hairy, padded knees to eat short
grass. Using its snout and tusks, it also digs for bulbs, tubers and roots during the dry season.

Building A Disaster Recovery Plan
RPO is the time that the data for a business will need to be restored in order to meet the
requirements for the owners. This will judge when the end user will be able to regain access to data
on the system. RTO is the measured time a system or application will not be operational before it is
considered insufferable to the business.
Risk Management Phases
Phases
What is to be done
Analysis
Inventory all applications, data, operating systems, and physical servers
Monitor
Monitor workload data information like network utilization.
Build
Build a disaster recovery plan that will be able to handle the workload information.
Configure
Configure your entire virtual environment to be able to match the physical production of the servers.
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Risk Management planning methods:
One–on–one BIA interviews.
Group BIA interview sessions or exercises
Executive management mandate.
Electronic medium. Use of voice and data communications technologies, video–conferencing, and
Web–based technologies and media are becoming increasingly accepted and popular.
Financial Impacts
Operational Impacts
Location Impacts
Technological Dependence
Economic and operational impact categories (lost sales, interest paid on borrowed funds, business
interruption, customer inconvenience, etc.)
Organizational chart reviews.
Overlaying systems technology
Executive management interviews
The goal of these processes is to support IT, voice and data networks, facilities, human resources, E–
commerce initiatives, etc. Time–critical business processes are prioritized in terms of their

MTDs/RTOs
Data centers dashboards and others DMSS
In this section we will study about the Data centers dashboards and others DMSS
Classification system context
Monitoring & Automation
Planning & Implementation
Data collection
Energy and environmental dashboards
Data Center Business Value Dashboards
These dashboards, known within the sector as Data Center Infrastructure Management systems, can
track information technology equipment status and can provide actionable information and analyses
for management of IT equipment, data center space, power, and cooling.
DCIM tools monitor, measure, manage and

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