Assessment Of Teen Pregnancy Prevention Interventions

Assessment of Teen Pregnancy Prevention Interventions
Assessment of Teen Pregnancy Prevention Interventions
How is the literature review used in this research study? Using one (1) previous study cited by the
authors, discuss how the findings of this past study is relevant to the current study. (2 pts)
The literature review in this study was used to demonstrate the problem and occurrence of
adolescent pregnancy and birth rates in the United States. Furthermore, the concern about this
phenomenon as it pertains to Florida is addressed. A correlation between teenagers who live in
poverty and a greater risk of teenage pregnancy was asserted through the literature.
The authors cite a 2001 report by the Florida Department of Health Office of Vital Statistics that
estimates the birthrate was 35.3 per 1,000 females aged 15–19 in the state and 41.7 in Hillsborough
County, where this current study takes place.
What are the ethical considerations in this study for the data collection process? (1.5 pts)
This study compared students who participated in one of programs designed to mitigate adolescent
pregnancy with a control group. Participants were chosen randomly in order to assure the integrity
of the research. Data was collected anonymously on each research protocol. No indication is given
as to whether or not parental consent to participate in the survey was sought.
State the statistical tests or data analysis methods/procedures used in the study. (1 pt)
Statistical analyses for this study consisted of chi–square tests of
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Pregnancy Prevention Programs Are Still Being Left Unanswered
Pregnancy amongst school aged children is a major social problem that has been rapidly increasing
throughout many at risk populations for centuries (Leonard, Sara Major and
Suellentrop, Katherine, 2013). While funding for programs that provide services to the pregnant
population is growing the true question about pregnancy prevention programs are still being left
unanswered. What efforts are being made towards the prevention of these very same pregnancies?
All too often courses such as sex education are not offered to the populations that are in need of such
vital information (Kaye, Kelleen and Alison Stewart Ng., 2013a). The topic of sex is still being
frowned upon, at least until it's too late to help. Pregnancy prevention programs are ... Show more
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This organization targets girls and young women with the hopes of providing them knowledge on
self–esteem, self–perception and self–value that will in turn prevent school age pregnancy along
with a host of other life changing events.
The School–Age Pregnancy and Prevention Clearinghouse also reported that these 22 national
organizations had a direct impact on the pregnancy prevention by providing the social service
practitioners and leaders with five core services that include:
1. Information Specialists/Databases– serves as a primary resource for social service agencies,
schools and other professionals to locate very specific resources for their clients.
2. Education and Networking Workshops– provides their local human services practitioners with
seminars, training courses, and discussion groups, based on their current need as it relates to
empowering their clients.
3. Leadership Training Clearinghouses– provides a host of in–service trainings and workshops that
enhance the knowledge and skills of community and organization leaders.
4. Technical Assistance Clearinghouses– provides assistance to service providers in the area of
technology, the usage of space, and navigation through their model programs.
5. Basic and Applied Research– provides up to date research and literature reviews on pertinent
issues within the field.
Current Research Findings
School aged

Essay about Health Promotion in American Indian and Native...
Health Promotion Among Diverse Populations
Healthcare is an ever changing entity with an ever changing population of clients. In current day
2016, the United Sates has become a melting pot of many different cultural backgrounds, which has
led to changes within the system to accommodate the patient base. Unfortunately, not all changes
have been able to effectively reach any and all persons from every background. We still see
language and cultural barriers that have direct correlation to the inability to seek healthcare and or
the ability to change cultural perspectives to ensure healthy lifestyles. Within this paper, the health
of American Indian and Alaskan Native populations will be discussed along with the barriers to care
and the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So yes, incidences are ranked higher than the average, but the population is much smaller than other
races. It is also documented that incidences of smoking and alcoholism is more prevalent within the
AI/AN community, which can most definitely lead to cancer and heart disease along with motor
vehicle accidents caused my alcohol consumption. In 2011 AI/AN adults were amongst the highest
prevalence, frequency and intensity of binge drinking, compared to all other ethnicities (CDC,
2016). According to tobaccofreekids.org, in 2014, both female and male AI/AN populations smoke
more than any other racial/ethnic groups, females leading with 32.5% and males at 25.6% (Tobacco,
2016).
Health promotion can be looked out differently within each ethnic group and can most definitely
influence how one manages his/her own health. Within the AI/AN population, a lot of home
remedies passed down from generation to generation exist, so seeking out traditional medicine isn't
really a main source of healing. The American Indian/Alaska Native resident may have a holistic
view in which people community, nature and spirituality are interconnected and interrelated. This
perspective views physical, spiritual, mental and emotional health in unity, instead of indiscrete
categories. Sickness may be viewed as a result of disharmony between the

Animal And Non Infectious Diseases
Until the last half of the 20th century, the emphasis of veterinary medicine had been on the treatment
of individual animals with clearly identifiable diseases or defects. Apart from immunization against
rabies and prophylactic treatment of internal parasites, restricted attention had been given to animal
health and comprehensive preventive medicine, which give proper consideration to both infectious
and non–infectious diseases.
Currently, the nature of traditional clinical practice is changing in all developing and developed
countries. The pet owners are better educated, and the value of individual animals relative to
veterinary fees has decreased. It is imperative to develop pet animal health programmes designed to
prevent infectious diseases, rather than just dispensing traditional treatment to clinically sick
animals.
Due to the vast demographic changes in India, pet animal populations have increased above 10
millions within 2002–2012. Thus as a part of pet animal welfare, preventive measures for infectious
diseases like vaccination against parvoviral enteritis, canine distemper, leptospirosis, infectious
canine hepatitis, parainfluenza, kennel cough etc; deworming schedule for parasitic diseases like
ancylostomiosis, toxocarosis etc; grooming practices to avoid skin problems and ectoparasites for
control of hemoprotozoan diseases like babesiosis, ehrlichiosis etc.; hygenic measures are to be
carried out which is now practiced up to an extend in cities but rare in rural

Primary Prevention Essay
Limited Primary and Secondary Prevention Strategies
Although there are valuable programs implemented to help manage and support mothers with PPD
(tertiary prevention), it's important to recognize that secondary prevention strategies currently in
place are flawed and that there is no emphasis on primary prevention. VCH has implemented a PPD
algorithm, where best practice is to screen for PPD using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression scale
at 28–32 weeks of pregnancy and at 6–8 weeks postnatally (VCH, 2017). It also recommends
targeted screening for any moms with risk factors (VCH, 2017). However, instead of following this
algorithm, PHN's screen for PPD during a home visit, at the CHC at the 4–month infant visit, and at
parent–infant groups ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Because of this barrier, it is even more critical that we go to them, as suggested by reinstating home
visits, and upstream prevention strategies are implemented. There are no prenatal groups in CHA4,
yet literature suggests prenatal classes based on psychoeducation, stress management and coping
mechanisms lead to decreased rates of PPD (Werner, Osborne, Kuzava & Monk, 2015).
Furthermore, it is evident that PHNs do not play much of a role in prenatal care nationally.
According to the Canadian Maternity Experiences Survey, 0.6% of women received prenatal care
from nurses (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2009). PHN's are to protect, promote and prevent,
and with such a prominent health issue that affects the community at large, it is daunting that PHN's
do not offer more anticipatory guidance to expecting mothers. It would be beneficial to incorporate
prenatal classes that focus on psychoeducation and perhaps recognize that these classes should be
offered in the evenings when mothers, particularly the working–class older mothers are available.
Kozinszky (2012) found that four brief prenatal classes focusing on PPD prevention was all that was
needed to reduce PPD symptomology.
CHA4 Is Moving in the Right Direction Recently, a health education opportunity was proposed at
the service level. All CHA4 PHN's were advised to participate in a teleconference about PPD put on
by

Primary, Seconday and Tertiary Interventions: Haiti 2010...
Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Prevention Interventions: Haiti 2010 *Primary prevention nursing
interventions:
Primary prevention and nursing interventions include: the workers and volunteers receiving
available, necessary and appropriate shots prior to entering Haiti. For the Haitians, immunization
would also be given. This is very important against, Hepatitis, and other rare, yet deadly diseases,
such as measles, mumps, rubella, and pertussis. Education regarding: safe and proper sanitation
practices; hand washing and personal hygiene; maintaining trash in designated areas; staying active
by volunteering/assisting and caring for other fellow Haitian children and neighbors; clearing and
cleaning out clutter and using available ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It would help to screen everyone for the proper use of sanitation, hand washing, and trash disposal,
as this is the easiest way to spread disease.
These prevention interventions would be started as early as the 2nd phase, and throughout the 5th
phase. I would enroll the collaboration of the CDC, FEMA, Red Cross, National Guards, other
military personnel, medical staff, volunteers and myself. The more man power there is available to
screen the people, the more that can get done and more effectively.
*Tertiary Prevention Nursing Interventions:
Tertiary prevention nursing interventions include: planning follow–up with the people treated for
diseases to assure they are following treatment and to offer rehabilitation like activities in order to
maintain the best quality of daily life and decrease chances of disease progression; repeat
demonstration of washing hands, verbalize proper use of sanitation facilities, and disposing of trash;
offering adequate physical and occupational therapy instructions; evaluation of proper medication
treatment, dressing changes and wound care; assessing living/sleeping quarters for safety and
cleanliness in order to promote healthy/safe practices.
These prevention interventions would start at 3rd phase and throughout 5th phase. I would enroll the
collaboration of

Essay on The PPACA: Obesity and Teen Pregnancy Prevention...
Current statistics indicate that in the United States 4 out of 10 girls will become pregnant at least
once before the age of 20 (Harris & Allgood, 2009, p.1314). This population of mothers is more
likely to dropout then other adolescents in their age group (Harris & Allgood, 2009, p.1314). In fact,
more than 60% of teens who give birth before the age of 18 will drop out of high school, putting
them at a greater risk of being impoverished later in life (Harris & Allgood, 2009, p.1314).
Additionally, the children of adolescent mothers are more likely to have complicated deliveries that
can lead to chronic medical and developmental problems (Harris & Allgood, 2009, p.1315). With
higher rates of poverty as well as increased pregnancy ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Finally, states may use these funds to inform the public of the services available to pregnant teens
under the creation of the PAF (Boonstra, 2010, p.12).
For individuals without adequate or any health insurance, accessing timely care is complicated
(Sultz & Young, 2014, p.298). Additionally, this lack or coverage may lead many to seek care in
emergency centers as increased rates than in other ambulatory settings (Sultz & Young, 2014,
p.298). These increased costs are passed on to the insured in higher premiums (Sultz & Young,
2014, p.298). For the 40% of teen mothers in the U.S, they place this burden on society. Many teen
mothers deal with decreased economic outcomes due to poor educational success (Patel & Sen,
2012, p.1063). The impact of teenage parenting on government expenditures totaled $11.3 billion in
aid (Patel & Sen, 2012, p.1063). Today, expenditures of Medicare and Medicaid programs,
constitute 40% of all healthcare spending (Sultz & Young, 2014, p.313). This program, aims to
provide opportunities for more opportunities for teen mothers and expectant mothers to access these
medical assistance programs (Boonstra, 2010, p.11). While this may cause an increase in healthcare
spending for Medicaid programs, in the long run it will contribute to decreased utilization of high
cost emergency center care, which drives up health insurance costs for others. The Pregnancy
Assistance Fund also creates a variety of potential savings opportunities by addressing the

Unintended Pregnancy Prevention Essay
Are controversial concerns about the birth control pill really a problem? Allowing teenagers to use
the birth control pill has been a controversial subject for parents, teachers, and teenagers for a wide
range of reasons. The vast majority of teenage pregnancies, "more than four out of five", are
unplanned ("Unintended Pregnancy Prevention"). Whether teenagers believe in common myths that
they can't get pregnant the first time having sex or they truly believe nothing like this could ever
happen to them, it happens to approximately seven hundred and fifty thousand teenagers in the
United States each year. Although the birth control pill may not completely put an end to teenage
pregnancies, it will decrease pregnancy rates among ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In fact, these health risks are substantially lower than the health concerns of teenage births for both
the mother and the baby. In "Teen Pregnancy and Health Risk to the Baby," Stanley J. Swierzewski,
M.D. explains that:
Teenage mothers are less likely to gain adequate weight during their pregnancy, leading to low
birthweight. Low birthweight is associated with several infant and childhood disorders and a higher
rate of infant mortality. Low–birthweight babies are more likely to have organs that are not fully
developed, which can result in complications, such as bleeding in the brain, respiratory distress
syndrome, and intestinal problems.
As for teenage mothers, they are more likely to develop pre–eclampsia, which occurs when high
blood pressure combines with excess protein in the urine which can sometimes cause swelling of the
mother's hands and face and even organ damage. In addition to avoiding the risks that come with
teenage pregnancies, the birth control pill is often used to lower the risks of both endometrial and
ovarian cancer, clear skin and regulate hormones and menstrual cycles. In fact, according to Rachel
Jones, Ph.D., Senior Research Associate at The Alan Guttmacher Institute, "fourteen percent of birth
control pill users – more than one and a half million women – rely on the method for non–
contraceptive purposes". Although the birth control pill may not be the best option for a few number
of individuals, in which

The Disasters And What Community Resources Were Used?
1. What were the characteristics the disasters and what community resources were used?
On April 15, 2011 severe weather and tornados hit Mobile, Alabama, with wind speed at 80 miles
per hour (Press Release: Alabama Red Cross Responds to Tornadoes and Severe Weather, 2011).
The tornado touched at least 6 counties so Alabama Governor Robert Bentley had to declare a state
of emergency. Seven people lost their lives and after preliminary damage assessment were
performed indicating that in the Alabama a total of 128 homes were destroyed, 70 homes had major
damage, and at least 50 homes had minor damage. From the preliminary assessments the South
Alabama showed that 21 homes were destroyed, 32 of the homes had sustained major damage, and
11 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2. How did the American Red Cross help?
In the United States, Red Cross provides assistance with 70,000 disasters a year, from fires, to
hurricanes, to earthquakes. Red Cross is not a government agency however provides resources such
as shelters, food, and mental health and works with other governmental or nongovernmental
organizations to help provide relief after disasters occurs (What We Do | Red Cross | Disaster Relief,
Emergency Management, n.d.). The Red Cross stepped in shortly to provide disaster relief services
such as emergency services, food, shelter, and ongoing emotional support to the families and
individuals in need (Press Release: Alabama Red Cross Responds to Tornadoes and Severe Weather,
2011).
. Red Cross exists because of the generosity of the public and volunteers. They also help military
families each year. According to the Red Cross article from April 18, 2011, the Red Cross
Emergency Response Vehicle (ERV) was scheduled to go through the regions affected by the
tornado and

Teen Pregnancy Problems and Prevention Strategies
Teen Pregnancy problems and prevention strategies While many people are inclined to express
indifference regarding this concept, teen pregnancy is one of the most controversial topics in the
contemporary society. This experience can be devastating for some individuals, as the fact that they
are raw makes it difficult for them to effectively deal with the problem. Society becomes more
stressing and most teens who become pregnant come to express feelings related to shame and fear.
The fact that these individuals are hesitant about letting their parents know that they are pregnant
contributes to their problems and finding help sometimes becomes an impossible mission. Lack of
life experience materializes into a more severe type of stress, endangering both the mother and the
child. It is generally accepted that the majority of teen births are a result of accidental pregnancies.
Even with the fact that this subject received much attention in the recent years, it is very difficult for
society to understand what influences some teenagers in taking an important step in such matters.
The environment that an individual lives in is apparently essential when considering the strategy that
the respective person is going to employ with the purpose of resolving the 'problem'. Embarrassment
is typically one of the first sentiments that a teenager undergoes when she is pregnant. Such an
individual is probable to acknowledge her condition and consider that it would be pointless for her
to

TEEN PREGNANCY & PREVENTION Essay
Teen pregnancy has become an epidemic in the United States alone.
The United States has the highest rate of teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
in the industrialized world. Each year, one out of three teenage girls becomes pregnant. Although
teen pregnancy rates have dropped from 61.8 births per 1,000 in 1991 to 41.7 births per 1,000 in
2003, pregnancy rates in the U.S. still are declining at slower rates than those in other developed
nations (Block et al., 2005. para, 1). These sobering statistics are the basis of an ongoing battle: the
fight for abstinence–only versus comprehensive sex education. Although proponents of both types
of sex education aim to reduce teenage pregnancy and STIs, their approaches vary ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Debates have been ongoing on what type of program is the most effective, which programs are too
explicit, and what curriculum should be included in these programs. There have been several
programs that have been developed to educate our adolescents on teen pregnancy and prevention.
Programs have been implemented in schools, government funding has been provided for prevention
programs, and television shows have focused on the struggles of becoming a teen parent. Teen
prevention programs focus on teen pregnancy prevention, but contain different curriculum to
educate adolescent. Some programs focus on abstinence–only, sexual behavior, parent–adolescent
communication, contraceptive use, the outcome of becoming a teen parent, and there are some more
precise programs that focus on long term outcomes with adolescents that start at early as the age of
ten years old all the way up to high school. Abstinence–only programs have been the main front for
the debate when it comes to prevention programs. Leslie M. Kantor (1998) states, "That this violates
student's human rights to health information." Teaching abstinence–only prevents young people
from receiving critical, perhaps life–saving information (Kantor, 1998). The participants are not
educated on contraceptive, risky sexual behavior, or STDs. The main focus of this program is to
prevent teen

Essay Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Levels of Health...
Primary, secondary and tertiary levels of Health Promotion
Shirley Allen
Grand Canyon University
Primary, secondary and tertiary levels of Health Promotion
In excess of ten years, health promotion and prevention has been the main focus of healthcare
professionals in general, but nurses in particular. Health promotion is "the art and science of helping
people discover the synergies between their core passions and optimal health, enhancing their
motivation to strive for optimal health and supporting them in changing their lifestyle to move
toward a state of optimal health (Edelman & Mandle, 2010, p. 14). Basically it is saying that it
is the approach used to augment a sense of health in addition to reducing occurrences of ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In conjunction, there are a few coincidental interventions of the previous health promotion in which
nurses dispense knowledge relating to diseases and how to avoid aggravation. The main
characteristic is that this populace has previously had the illness and requires aid in decreasing
exacerbations of said illness or disease. As an illustration, it is secondary to "help individuals who
use tobacco with successful cessation" to prevent lungs, heart and pregnancy complications (Tingen,
Andrew & Stevenson, 2010, p. 182). As far as senior, or elder, abuse is concerned,
neighborhood nurses are amid the earliest ones to recognize the episode as a result of continual
residential visits. When elder abuse is suspected, the nurse corroborates this with the appropriate
screening tools like Indicators of Abuse Screen and the Hwalek–Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening
Test (Phelan, 2010). Subsequently, it is occasion to designate an acceptable organization for safety
and treatment (Phelan, 2010).
Finally, tertiary prevention comes in to assist in patients rehab and to actualize the highest level of
functioning aside from the lasting incapacitating circumstances (Edelman & Mandle, 2010).
For elder exploitation, it is the nurse's duty to commission a multidisciplinary body to arrange
continuing reinforcement, whether it is

Obesity And Pregnancy : Early Education And Prevention
Obesity and Pregnancy:
Early education and prevention
Alicia Gonzalez de Arreola
ENG 122: English Composition
Professor Amy Erickson
August 25, 2014 Obesity and Pregnancy: Early Education and Prevention
Obesity has become an epidemic not only in the United States, it is worldwide (Sullivan, 2014).
Obesity affects both mother and child leading to severe complications during and after birth,
therefore measures should be taken to monitor and educate women and women who plan on
becoming pregnant.
Pregnant women who suffer from obesity during pregnancy increase their risk for gestational
diabetes, surgical delivery and even maternal fatality. Gestational diabetes is defined as "glucose
intolerance first detected in pregnancy" (World Health Organization, 1999) and can lead to serious
complications during pregnancy. Pregnant women who are obese (BMI ≥ 30) increase their chances
for the need of a caesarean delivery versus a normal vaginal delivery. Developing gestational
diabetes during pregnancy is "a failure of insulin secretion to rise in response to the physiological
insulin resistance of pregnancy" (Webb, 2013). This failure may lead to the mother later developing
Type 2 diabetes well after giving birth.
Along with the risks associated with gestational diabetes during pregnancy, studies suggest that
obese women increase their chances for surgical delivery by 27.8 %. Non obese patients had a
10.8% chance for a cesarean section (Dignon, 2013). Dignon (2013) also noted the

A Research Study On Teenage Pregnancy Prevention
The purpose of this study is to explore the different types of support teenage mothers have received
after the birth of their child. The aim of this study is to explore and evaluate the usefulness of
support systems and to gain insight on the types of support teenage mothers received after
pregnancy. In addition, this study will explore the perceptions of teenage mothers on how support
impacted their lives.
According to the "Teen Pregnancy Prevention" (2016), statistics from the National Conference of
State Legislatures found teen pregnancy and birth rates for teens age 15 to 19 in the United States
remain among the highest with comparable countries. Roughly one in four girls will be pregnant at
least once before age 20. The "Teen ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The "Teenage Pregnancy Prevention" (2016) article reported that deprivation and teenage pregnancy
are based on socioeconomic status and health. Jonge's (2001) study confirmed there was strong link
between deprivation and teenage pregnancy found in other studies, and suggested that mental health
problems in teenage mothers may be more difficult to detect.
The limitations in this study showed recruitment was a difficult part because it was not a priority for
many of the women to follow through. Jonge (2001) concluded that teenage mothers need more
information on mental health and services available to them. He urged that key community health
workers and local support groups to be active in the community and also advocate for these young
moms.
Another qualitative study that was conducted outside of the United States was Watts, Liamputtong,
& Mcmichael's (2015) study conducted in Melbourne, Australia on exploring early motherhood
experiences. The research is aimed to solicit the lived experiences of African Australian young
refugee women who have experienced early motherhood in Australia. This qualitative research used
in–depth interviews. The research methods and analysis were informed by intersectionality theory,
phenomenology and a cultural competency framework. The interviews were audio recorded,
transcribed and data analyzed using thematic content analysis. Watts, Liamputtong, & Mcmichael's
(2015)

Essay on Teenage Pregnancy and Prevention
The public sector cost in 2004 is $950 million dollars for teenage births (Hoffman, 2006). Billions
of taxpayer dollars are spent every year to care and support teenage births. Although teen pregnancy
has declined in the past, the United States is still number one out of all industrialized countries of
teen pregnancies. Therefore, implementing an in depth sex education class covering parenting in
schools will allow teens to fully understand he consequences of having protected or unprotected sex.
All children deserve love and care from their parents.
The United States has a higher rate of teen pregnancy than other countries because one is not open
to talk about sex with a child once puberty emerges. The Telegraph (2007) reads that the ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Children are being introduced to puberty at a much younger age today. Many different things can
contribute to girls having an earlier onset of puberty. Study shows girls who are obese have a higher
chance of puberty coming earlier than girls that are not obese (Port, 2013). Puberty, a time in a
girl's/boy's life that changes them physically and mentally. When teens reach puberty they start to
explore their sexual behaviors. Since young girls are starting their menstrual cycles earlier, it is the
perfect time to have the "safe sex" talk with them. The time for educating teens about safe sex or no
sex must start earlier than before. Adequate sex education is needed in today's school curriculum in
order to aid in the fight against teen pregnancy. Teenage pregnancy possesses a huge impact on
today's economy. According to Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2012), teenage
pregnancy cost nearly eleven billion dollars annually and taxpayers acquired the responsibility of
paying those taxes. Eleven billion dollars, enough money to apply a more detailed education into the
school's teaching teens about the importance of safe sex and the consequences that could come from
it.
One might wonder how CDC arrived at its figures, but adolescent pregnancies have their effect on
the nation's economy. According to Professor David Ciscel (n.d.) with the University of Memphis,
teenagers who make the choice of having sex and getting pregnant will use public

Teenage Pregnancy Prevention Through Prescription...
Teenage Pregnancy Prevention through Prescription Contraceptives
Denise Houy
George Washington University
NURS 6205
June 6, 2016 Teenage Pregnancy Prevention through Prescription Contraceptives
What's the issue? Teenage and unplanned pregnancy is always a trending topic in society. The
United States has made substantial progress in reducing teenage birth rates during the past several
decades, but rates remain high, particularly compared with rates in other developed countries
(Godfrey, 2015).With the rates being so high in the United States still, we still need to continue
promoting prevention of teenage pregnancy so that there will be a continue of decline in rates. There
are many ways to prevent teenage or unplanned ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One option of public assistance that teenagers have access to and can apply for is through the
Affordable Care Act (ACA), where they can see if they are eligible for Medicaid. For individuals up
to the age of 21 years in Virginia that cannot afford prescription contraceptives would be a benefit to
Senate Bill 404. This bill requires the State Board of Medical Assistance Services to include in its
state plan for medical assistance a provision for the payment of medical assistance for any
prescribed drug or device approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for use as a
contraceptive and requires such provision to provide payments to dispensers for dispensing of
prescription contraceptives intended to last for a 12–month period (S. 404, 2016). This will provide
medical assistance and reimbursements or payments for FDA approved prescription drug or devices
for contraceptives for a period of 12 months.
What's the background and significance?
Although there has been a tremendous decline in teenage pregnancy and birth rates in the United
States since 1991, rates are the highest of any western industrialized nation and comparable
countries (National Conference of State Legislatures, 2016). Roughly one in four girls will be
pregnancy at least once before age 20 (National Conference of State Legislatures, 2016). There are
many disparities among teens in the United States that include racial and ethnic lines, geographic
regions, rural and urban areas, and

Pregnancy Prevention Essay
Pregnancy Prevention Introduction: Pregnancy is not always a planned or wanted event in peoples
lives, and so we have man made ways to prevent pregnancy from happening. Everyone has the
freedom of choice, both male and female, so therefore there are both male and female methods of
contraception. There is an expansive range of contraception methods world wide, and they can be as
extreme as being operated on, such as having a tubal ligation or a vasectomy. The more minor
options are using condoms or taking a type of contraceptive pill. In this essay I will also talk about
the different factors which effect the way people feel about contraception, as many people have
beliefs which may not ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, the World Health Organization (WHO) describes EC as a contraceptive method used
by women in the first few days following unprotected intercourse to prevent unwanted pregnancy.
Some conservative political and religious organizations seek to limit women's reproductive choices
by an inaccurately characterizing EC as abortion, when in fact; the WHO considers it a safe
contraceptive. Respect for women's rights to reproduce self–determination also requires
governments to ensure that women give their full, informed consent before receiving a contraceptive
method. Government policies that disregard a women's own wishes in order to meet demographic
goals put women in danger of coercive and violent practices. Subjecting women to surgical
sterilization or administering contraceptive injections or implants without her informed consent, for
example, violates women's fundamental reproductive rights. Consistent and correct use of modern
methods of contraception can prevent many unwanted pregnancies. In order to meet their
international commitments, governments must improve access for men, women, and adolescents to
high quality family planning information and services that offer a range of freely chosen
contraceptive methods. Methods of contraception: Male methods: Male methods could potentially
be safer, more effective, and easier to use than

Birth Control And The Pregnancy Prevention
Throughout history, women have been fighting for their rights. They fought for their right to speak
publicly, their right to work, and their right to vote. Today, women have the rights to control their
lives as they wish. However, as close as the early 1900's, women still did not have the basic right to
control their fertility. Working as a nurse, Margaret Sanger believed that women should maintain the
right to protect themselves against unwanted pregnancies. Margaret Sanger is The Woman Rebel
who, despite overwhelming opposition, pioneered the way for modern family planning and, more
importantly, the female sexual revolution.
The subject of birth control and the debate on whether birth control should be used is not a new
subject. For centuries, women were using primitive and unsafe means of birth control to prevent
pregnancies. Women had little education on the matter of pregnancy prevention. Many cultures were
against birth control, including the Roman Catholic Church who strongly opposed the use of any
birth control or artificial means of preventing pregnancy. In the United States, women face an
especially stubborn resistance in the Comstock Laws. Disgusted by growing prostitution and
pornography in the United State, Anthony Comstock lobbied that distribution of birth control and
information to prevent conception promoted such lewd acts. In 1873, Congress eventually passed
the Comstock Act which stated "That no obscene, lewd, or lascivious book, pamphlet,

Teen Pregnancy Prevention : One Of The Most Controversial...
Priscilla Blackwell
Instructor Beverly Williamson
English 111–02
April 9, 2017
Preventing Teen Pregnancy
Teen pregnancy prevention is one of the most controversial subjects in today's society. Many will
argue that peer pressure and the area you live in are contributing factors to most adolescent
pregnancies. No matter what geographic location you reside in, the problem is usually in the home,
in the school system, and the cost of contraception and the barriers in obtaining it. The biggest
predicament regarding the issue of adolescent pregnancy is the question of prevention. Preventing
teen pregnancy includes problems such as the availability of birth control, sexual education among
children and adolescents, and parental involvement.
In the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, schools should be assisting with this education. They should provide resources for parents
and teens on contraception and preventing teen pregnancy. They should also have counselors or
health educators available for teens to confide in when they feel they have no one to talk to about
risky situations that could ultimately cause teen pregnancy.
Parents should be more involved in their teen's life. They should be focusing on open
communication, spending quality time with their children, and teaching them that every negative
action has a consequence. Parents need to step up when it comes to the "sex talk" and explain what
the consequences would be if they become pregnant. If a teen thinks they may have to quit school,
get a job, and possibly move out of the home, they make think about it more often and take initiative
to prevent pregnancy. Parents need to realize that their children aren't perfect and that teen
pregnancy can happen to them. They need to have that open door policy in effect at all times and
should never judge nor criticize what their children may tell them. It is a parent's job to direct their
children in the right direction and provide support no matter the issue. Parental involvement is
necessary in preventing teen pregnancy.
In the article "Preventing Teen Pregnancy by Avoiding Risk Exposure," written by Josie A. Weiss,
she states "The U.S. has the highest

Positive Outcomes Via Health Screening
Positive Outcomes via Health Screening With cost effectiveness and money saving seemingly being
a keystone of health care in the United States, low cost preventative health care and screening
programs are at the forefront of budgetary meetings in government agencies and boardrooms across
the nation. According to a 2010 study of the cost effectiveness of preventive care, there is a
possibility of savings of $3.7 Billion if current programs could increase use to around 90 %
(Maciosek, et. al., 2010). While cost will always be a consideration, there obviously is the human
element that must be addressed at the ground level. Inspiring people to use government or state
funded programs is no easy task as the people who are not using them are the ones who need the
programs the most(Dryden, et. al. 2012). Below is an exploration of some successful and
unsuccessful programs, and some ideas on improving use of these programs by the people who need
them the most. Women's Preventive Health The "Every Woman Matters" program(EWM), is one of
many government funded programs aimed at providing preventive maintenance and screening to
populations considered more at risk and less likely to seek care(Backer, et. al. 2005). EWM
provided women with a "clinical breast exam, mammography, and paponicolaou smear test at
reduced or no cost", it also provided the providers with assistance and incentives for
participation(Backer, et. al. 2005). In the United, poor, uneducated males are the least likely

The Prevention Of Teenage Pregnancy Essay
An issue that is currently plaguing American teenagers today is the access to different types of
contraception. This lack of access can lead to higher rates of teenage pregnancy and an increase in
sexually transmitted diseases among teenagers. The sexually active teenagers who have been given
better access to contraception are less likely to become pregnant or contract an STD, in comparison
to their peers who do not have access. With the prevention of teenage pregnancy, comes the
prevention of future socioeconomic barriers and health issues. Currently, there are over nineteen
different forms of contraception but, the most popular form that is used by teenagers are condoms,
specifically the male condom. Only fifty–five percent of teenagers who are sexually active use
condoms (Sexual Activity, Contraceptive Use, and Childbearing of Teenagers Aged 15–19 in the
United States, CDC). These are most commonly used since there is no age restriction placed on
them, unlike forms of female contraception. Females have to be over the age of eighteen or have
parental consent to be granted any form of hormonal birth control from a clinic. In order to receive
birth control from a clinic, they must have insurance to help bring costs down in order to afford it.
There are also organizations such as Planned Parenthood who may help provide birth control and
other services to people and teenagers who are in need of it and cannot afford it. There are
socioeconomic disparities that may attribute

Adolescent Pregnancy: Prevention Levels
Adolescent pregnancy (part three) Having looked at the facts and figures around the issue of
adolescent pregnancy, as well as discussing the various approaches that will be used and the stages
that the research paper will be taking in the process of investigating the social challenge, and also
the conceptual framework within which the research will function, it is prudent therefore to look at
the various approaches to the intervention strategy to the social challenge. These are the different
levels that can be used respectively or in tandem to address the 'issue of adolescent pregnancy and
their application depends on the level of the social problem or the complexity of the same.
Primary prevention level This is the first and most obvious starting level of intervention in the social
problems that are predominant within the society. It applies to majority of the social problems that
have been experienced by a given target group or society in general and there is need to prevent the
same from recurring or from happening to another group within the community. Primary prevention
or therefore a level that is targeted at preventing a social problem from happening, it is instituted
before the problem occurs to a given section of the society. In short, it is meant to create awareness.
Secondary prevention level This is the next logical level of prevention after the primary prevention
particularly when dealing with the social problems like the adolescent pregnancy. As the

The Prevention Of Teenage Pregnancy
Prevention of Teenage Pregnancy
Becoming a parent can be a challenging situation even for the most prepared. However, if you are a
teenager, it can be the biggest challenge of young adolescent life. Teen pregnancy can affect one
physically, emotionally, as well as financially. The stress and pressure that comes with finding out
your pregnant can be devastating. From finding the right words to tell your parents to finding ways
to pay for the cost of having your baby and the ultimate pressure figuring out how to raise your baby
while trying to balance your teenage life. A pregnant teen will have to come to terms with that their
lives will never be the same. Nor will the lives of all those closely related to them such as their
parents. The only hope of preventing teen pregnancy is through the education of teenagers from
parents and educators. Informing the adolescent of the repercussions will help prevent teen
pregnancy because there is a lack of knowledge on responsibilities and commitment of taking care
of an infant. The importance of sex education as well as parent involvement in demonstrating the
use of effective contraceptives such as condoms or birth control can tremendously decrease the rates
of teen pregnancy.
Teen pregnancy is becoming very prevalent in this country and many teens don 't realize the
consequences of having unprotected sex. Even though statistics show that teen pregnancy rates
"have declined remarkably since 1991" (Santelli et al, 2006, p. 106). This is

The Prevention of Teenage Pregnancy
Approximately every two minutes, a teenage girl in the United States gives birth (Guernsey 6).
While this fact may be sad and startling to most people, it is in deed the truth. Over the past few
decades, the problem of teen pregnancy has grown considerably in this country. It has been
receiving a great deal of public and official attention recently, including expressions of concern from
President Clinton and New Jersey's Governor Whitman (Schurmann 7). However, the most
extensive dilemma regarding the issue of adolescent pregnancy is the incredibly important question
of prevention. Preventing teen pregnancy includes such problems as the availability of birth control,
sexual education among children and adolescents, and a greater sense of ... Show more content on
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However, many studies have shown that when abortions become more available, the abortion rate
does not necessarily increase. Currently, teenage girls have twenty–five percent of all abortions,
about four hundred thousand per year (Guernsey 7). In 1973, during the Roe v. Wade trial, the
Supreme Court granted limited abortion rights to minors. In many states girls were required to have
parental consent before the procedure (Harris 20). This created many problems because for a lot of
the girls, obtaining permission from their parents was as likely as winning the lottery. This ruling led
to illegal abortions, an increase in the teenage birth rate, and it created a severe controversy that is
still a cause of debate today. However, for many girls abortion is not even an option. Often abortions
go against a girl's religious or personal beliefs, or they do not feel they have the means to pay for an
abortion. In these cases, a girl who does not want her baby will give it up for adoption. Although this
appears to be a logical choice for a pregnant teen to make, it is one that comes with much suffering
and heartache. While teenage mothers are the source of most babies that are adopted, every year out
of one–hundred babies they give birth to, less than five are given up for adoption (Guernsey 41).
The hardest part for many of the girls is the separation anxiety they feel once their baby has left.
While certain adoption agencies offer girls the chance to keep in contact with their

Teenage Pregnancy : A High Risk, The Effects, And The...
Teenage pregnancy is a huge problem in the United States, but the rates are not at an all–time high.
The pregnancy rates of teens have actually gone down in the past few years, but it still is a big
problem here in the United States. The United States has the highest rate of teenage pregnancy,
Russia has the second highest. Teenage pregnancy is a social and economic problem; it is not good
for our country. This essay, will discuss who is at a high risk, the effects, and the prevention of teen
pregnancy. Some people are at a higher risk of getting pregnant at a young age. There are many
factors that can make a person at a high risk. Most children that grow up in foster care have
problems. These problems can vary from self–esteem issues to ... Show more content on
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Children that grow up with domestic violence, substance abuse, and sexual abuse are also at a high
risk. The children that grow up in these kinds of environments end up at a high risk of getting
pregnant at an early age (Farber 283). The mother and child are both affected by teenage births. A
teenage mother is more likely to give birth prematurely and this could be terrible for the baby
resulting in long term effects. Some of those effects include death, developmental problems,
behavioral problems, and cerebral palsy. The mother is also less likely to finish school than those
who do not have children. The child of a teen parent is also more likely to drop out of school and
have low academic achievements. The teenage parents miss out on their high school social life and
their education. The life of these parents is very difficult and stressful. Parenting as a teen can be
very overwhelming and can lead to depression. Teenage pregnancy is preventable and there are
many different ways to stop it. The best way to not get pregnant is to practice abstinence. Abstinence
is abstaining from sex. If you do not engage in sexual activities, you cannot get pregnant. If one
does have sex, there are ways of preventing pregnancy but they are not one hundred percent
effective. One of the most popular forms of protection is a condom. There are

Workplace Violence And The Workplace
Workplace violence definition
OSHA Fact Sheet (2012) states " workplace violence is a violence or the threat of violence against
workers" (p.1). Workplace violence causes serious harm to employees or homicide that can lead to
deaths. Act in any kind of shapes and forms such as: physical threat, threatening behavior, intention
of assault and battery, verbal abuse, beating, stabbing, rape, shooting, being followed, psychological
trauma, suicide, treat or obscene phone call/text, intimidation. Workplace violence can happen to
anyone, anywhere at or outside the workplace location either during from/to work or from/to client's
traveling temporary or permanent where any work–related duty performances. It is not limited to
just employees, but also customers, clients, and invitees. Workplace violence is one of the most
concerns for not just employers, but worldwide workers.
Who is at risk?
Nearly 2 million records of American workers have been victims of workplace violation each year.
However, many more cases go unreported. The truth is, workplace violence can strike anytime,
anywhere, and no one is immune. Workplace violence categories are violence by strangers, co–
workers, personal relations, and by customers or clients. Some workers, notwithstanding, are at
increased risk at certain worksites. According to Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Census of Fatal
Occupational Injuries that there are a total of 4,405 fatal work injuries in 2013, 4,628 fatal work
injuries in 2012.

Unit 39 Assignment 2 Essay examples
Perform basic tasks and duties including treating and educating patients and to provide advice and
emotional support to the patients and their family.
Record the patient's medical histories and symptoms and to help analyze their results. We also
operate medical machinery, administer the treatment and medications and help with the patients
follow up's and rehabilitation.
We work in various environments and our duties depend on the work environment we are in. The
main work is to promote good health and to prevent illness. There are various job duties but one is
working very closely with the entire team of healthcare professionals.
Main responsibilities include taking care of patients and daily routines include administering ...
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The team are made up of: * Chefs. * Head Chef. * Assistant Chefs. * Catering Chefs. * Catering
Managers. * Assistant Catering Managers.
The chefs, cooks and head chefs to do the job they do need excellent cookery skills and an
awareness of the food hygiene and nutrition issues and lastly a management and organisational
skills. Catering assistants may be involved in the cleaning of equipment and handling cash. Head
chefs, chefs, cooks and assistants usually need an NVQ in food preparation.
The cooks provide both food and drink to the staff and patients. The patients will usually have their
own meals in their own wards and the staff and visitors may eat their in the restaurant.
When preparing food protective clothing has to be worn to stop the food from being contaminated.
There are bacteria everywhere on our hands. Protective clothing such as hair nets and masks are
there to prevent contamination of foods
For cooks, it is very important that they know about infection, prevention and control and this is
because they need to make sure that all the food is cleaned properly, cooked properly and has to be
making sure they are still in date. "Cleaning is very important as germs do not live

The Four Pregnancy-Prevention Methods
Four pregnancy–prevention methods are abstinence, physical barriers, pill and IUDs.
Abstinence is an almost 100% effective pregnancy–prevention method since sexual intercourse is
almost always necessary in order for someone to become pregnant. Abstinence also is the best STD–
prevention method. The only risks of abstinence are that, even though it's the best method, it does
not 100% prevent pregnancies and STDs. Physical barriers is the most common form of pregnancy–
prevention methods. Using a male condom is the most effective of the physical barriers and also
significantly decreases your chances of getting an STD. Condoms are 98% effective in preventing
pregnancies. Risks of using a physical barrier contraceptive is that non–condom barriers

Teen Pregnancy Prevention Initiative Paper
The healthy people are apart of the foundation for many federal prevention initiatives. I decided to
look at the federal teen pregnancy prevention initiative. This initiative provides grant funding to
support teen pregnancy prevention approaches and demonstration projects to test innovative
strategies. Their goals for this program include reducing the rates of pregnancies and births to youth
in the target areas, increasing youth access to evidence–based and evidence–informed programs to
prevent teen pregnancy, increasing connections to community–based clinical services, and educating
stakeholders about effective strategies to reduce teen pregnancy (healthypeople.gov). There are three
government offices that are connected to the teen pregnancy

Chlamydia And Rates Of Diagnosis Essay
Literature Review
Chlamydia Disease and Rates of Diagnosis
Chlamydia is the most common reported STD in the United States. Adolescent are one of the largest
groups diagnosed with chlamydia each year. The literature has shown that females are diagnosed
with chlamydia at higher rates than boys. The percentage of females age 15 to 19 rates of reported
cases of chlamydia are 2941.0 per 100,000 population and males age 15 to 19 reported cases of
chlamydia are 718.3 per 100,000 population (Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC,
2015).
Lack of Knowledge
The literature has documented that adolescents lack knowledge and understanding of chlamydia
disease, signs and symptoms, and lack knowledge that chlamydia can be asymptomatic. The
literature has documented that male's knowledge about symptoms of chlamydia are lower than
females. According to Lorimar & Hart 2010 adolescent have awareness of chlamydia, knowledge
decreased as questions became increasingly focused on the disease signs and symptoms so that
around half of respondents were unaware of the asymptomatic nature of chlamydia infections. Men's
knowledge of symptoms was consistently lower than women's, with most men failing to identify
unusual discharge as a symptom in men (men 58.3%, female 45.8%, p = 0.019); fewer men knew
unusual discharge was a symptom among women (men 65.3% female 21.4%, p < 0.001). The
literature has documented that adolescent that lack knowledge on chlamydia disease, do not
understand

Evaluation Of Sex Education School On Teen Pregnancy...
Research Proposal
Evaluation of Sex Education in School on Teen Pregnancy Prevention
Megan R. Fitzgerald
PSY 290 – Research Methods
Gayle Schwark, Ph.D.
Arizona State University
November 27, 2014
Abstract This study is proposed in order to evaluate the various types of school–based sex education
programs and the effect that these specific programs have on teen pregnancy rates. The type of
approaches for school–based sex education programs offered to the teenage participants will be peer
led, specifically abstinence–based, and adult led. The control group is going to be studied without
being offered any of the school based sex education programs. To conduct the study the most
effective way possible, a cross–sectional study ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Once the results of the data have been identified and determined, then the research can conclude the
impact of each program and the significance it has on teen pregnancy. Evaluation of Sex Education
in School on Teen Pregnancy Prevention:
How Sex Education Effects Teen Pregnancy Rates Teen pregnancy prevention is an increasingly
controversial and a potentially inconvenient topic of discussion for both teens and their parents alike
(Sabia, 2006). As teen pregnancy rates have increased, there has been an increased focus on
combatting the underlying causes and reversing their effects (Bennett & Assefi, 2005). Teen
pregnancy can result in an increased number of children placed in adoptive services, as well as,
cause a strain on teenage parents who chose to take on the responsibilities of parenthood at an early
age. By researching the effects of various school–based sex education programs on teen birth rates;
it would be possible to establish a standardized sex education curriculum to minimize the number of
children put into the adoption system and the number of teenagers whose lives are affected by
pregnancy (Somers, Johnson, & Sawilowsky, 2002). Based on information found in the supportive
research for this study, there was a positive impact on lowering teen pregnancy rates when peer–
instructed sex education programs were introduced into the academic curriculum, though it did also

List Main Components : Agent, Host, And Environment
Epidemiologic Triangle. www.googleimmages.com
Epidemiologic Triangle – is a standard health model that is used to analyze different issues in public
health and it is consist of three main components: Agent, Host, and Environment.
In HBV triangle –
Host factor – Human, is the only host for HBV. (immune status, age, vaccination status play
important role for susceptibility of virus.).As was mentioned above, most common HBV is perinatal
transmission (from mother to infant at birth).HBsAg and HBeAg positive mother will have infected
the baby. But risk only about 10 % – if mother only HBsAg positive. About 90% of baby HBV will
progress to chronic form. When,
Acute infection transmitted mostly via sex or blood may last six months, and not immune
compromised adults will recover successfully. But a person with an acute form of HBV able to
transmit the virus to other unvaccinated people (Hepatitis B Foundation).
Agent – HBV – virus able to cause disease. HBV is a small, double–shelled virus from the family
Hepadnaviridae. It is relatively resilient and, in some instances, has been shown that in room
temperature continue to be infectious on environmental surfaces about seven days and remain
transmissible. (CDC.gov).
Environmental Factors.
It is a factor that play most important role in public health and transition of disease.
Socioeconomic position – education, income, occupation, availability of quality medical service.
Environment and condition in which people live in.

Teenage Pregnancy Prevention Essay
Each year, more than a half–million U.S. girls in their teens or younger become pregnant. Teenage
pregnancy is an important issue for several reasons. For example, there are health risks for the baby
and the children born to teenage mothers are more likely to suffer health, social, and emotional
problems than children born to older mothers. Teenage mothers are less likely to gain adequate
weight during their pregnancy, leading to low birth weight. Low birth weight is associated with
several infant and childhood disorders and a higher rate of infant mortality. Babies with low birth
weight are more likely to to have organs that are not fully developed, which can result in
complications such as, bleeding in the brain, respiratory distress syndrome, and intestinal problems.
Many people in society do not realize the complications a teenage mother and her baby can endure.
Preventing teenage pregnancy can be a challenge, but there are solutions to help reduce the causes
of teenage pregnancy around the United States. Some causes of teenage pregnancy in society are,
lack of safe sex education, teenage drinking, and peer pressure. If many more people were aware of
the causes of teenage pregnancy, they would be able to help provide solutions to help reduce the
problem. The solutions to teenage pregnancy could also help impact and reduce other societal ills,
such as, poverty, crime rates, and high school dropout rates. Many students are not taught methods
on how to protect themselves

Tribal Teen Pregnancy Prevention
Tribal teen pregnancy prevention
The Issue
Nearly seven hundred and fifty thousand teens become pregnant every year. Out of that seven
hundred and fifty thousand teens 36.2% of Native American teens are expected to be pregnant. Keep
in mind Native Americans make up only 3% of the population but teen pregnancy is still higher than
non hispanics. A reason this rate is expected may be the lack of education on sex and information of
contraceptives. I know teen sex is frowned upon but reservation schools don't provide
contraceptives to prevent teen pregnancy. For example my school doesn't have a health class to go
over sex education nor raise attention to contraceptives.Without really knowing about sex or how to
prevent it usually will result in

The Effectiveness of the Teenage Pregnancy Prevention...
The purpose of this essay is to describe the effectiveness of the Teenage Pregnancy Prevention grant
program. This work will address how the project will provide culturally–competent care and
describe a detailed plan for monitoring the progress of this program. Also included is a plan that can
be used to evaluate the intervention process in terms of efficiency, acceptability and effectiveness.
To help frame this evaluation program, the National Center for Cultural Competence provided a
checklist to help guide this effort. They suggested that a cultural competence committee be formed
to serve as a governing body to implement and evaluate cultural competence initiatives. Also it is
important to " ensure that the program's or organization's mission statement commits to cultural
competence as an integral component of all of its activities. The mission statement should articulate
principles, rationale and values for culturally and linguistically competent health care service
delivery. The cultural competence work group should be involved in or facilitate the development of
this statement." Once responsibility is assigned and a mission statement is fully developed, this
objective can be met and monitoring will be facilitated much more effectively and efficiently.
Specific actions need to be applied to this situation in order for it to be successful. Benchmarks have
been set at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months to provide a timeline for these evaluations. Members of the
board must

Teen Pregnancy Prevention Intervention (TPPI)
According to National Women's Law Center (2014) since 1982, about 1.7 billion has been spend
abstinence by federal which proved to be ineffective to reduce teenage pregnancies. One of the
reason of its failing was to strictly adhere to the "abstinence education" and prohibiting from
teaching teenagers about condoms and contraceptives. This policy failed to address the needs of
teenagers who were sexually active or who were engaged in same–sex relationships. To address this
issue, and to support adolescent sexual health promotion programs such as Teen Pregnancy
Prevention Intervention (TPPI) and (PREP were implemented. The main objectives of these
programs were to reduce the teenage pregnancy and to address disparities in teen pregnancy and ...
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Black and Hispanic teens comprise 57 percent of the total teen pregnancy. In 2012 even though teen
birth rate was declined in overall, however the percentage did not change for American
Indian/Alaska Natives(AI/AN) and Asian/Pacific Islanders(PI). Teen birth rate decreased in
teenagers from the age group of 15–19 by 3 percent in AI/AN, 5 percent in Asian/Pacific Islanders,
6 percent in non–Hispanic whites, and 7 percent in Hispanic and non–Hispanic blacks (CDC, 2003).
I think there has to be increase in the evidence based as well as evidence–informed programs.
Instead of evenly distributing the fund, I think the sates with highest teen pregnancies should have a
bigger share with the focus on the target teenage population. Even though TPPI and PREP has
proven to be effective, conservative policy makers in Washington are making efforts to cut the
funding for these programs. Also, the Republican majority in the House of Representatives released
Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education spending bill which cut funding by 80 percent in
TPPI and PREP. Instead funding was dedicated to abstinence education (SIECUS,

Health Promotion Among Diverse Community
Health Promotion among Diverse Popul
Grand Canyon University
Family–Centered Health Promotion
NRS–429V
March 6, 2015
Hispanics are the largest and fastest growing ethnic minority group, estimated to be 54 million
living in the United States of America. (Office of Minority Health and Health Equity). They work
very hard to make both ends meet and also to stay in good health. They are relatively as a source of
cheap labor in the American labor market This paper will dwell more on the Hispanic current Health
status, how health promotion is described by the group and what health disparities exists for this
group. Health Status. The Health status of an individual could be defined as someone watching
another and collecting data about a person and based on the information that were collected. Health
status of an entire population would be to consider the health of a population, their life span, the
extensiveness of preventable diseases or deaths and the availability of their health status (National
Center for Health Statistics). The prevalent health situation of Hispanics are Diabetes, Heart
diseases, stroke, liver diseases, cancer asthma, obesity and tobacco use. Heart disease is the main
cause of death among all ethnic groups in the United States. Obesity and smoking being are of the
risk factors for developing hypertension. Hispanic whites have higher rates of diabetes and obesity,
whereas non–Hispanic whites have a

Windshield Survey and Health Care
During the Community health rotation we had the opportunity to conduct a Windshield Survey in
Warrenton, Virginia, a town in Fauquier County. Fauquier County was number eight in the United
States Census Bureau list of the highest income counties in the United States. Despite this statistical
data, while conducting the windshield Survey we were able to witness the prevalence of poverty in
the community. At the 2000 Census, the population in Warrenton was 6,670, and by 2010 Census the
population grew by 45 percent, to 9,611. The top three largest growing populations are the white
community, the black or African American community, and the Hispanic or Latino community. For
this project our target population is the Hispanic/Latino community because their population has
grown dramatically, by 10 percent in the last ten years, and because they are a population with
particular vulnerabilities in the town of Warrenton. Hispanics in general have higher risk factors for
many different chronic conditions such as cancer, heart disease, stroke, diabetes, liver disease and
cirrhosis; furthermore, the situation is aggravated by the fact that Hispanics have substantially
higher uninsured rates, compared with whites and black African Americans. Windshield Survey:
Access to Healthcare: Fauquier Hospital is a non–profit community hospital established in 1956.
The hospital serves the Warrenton, Fauquier County and surrounding counties. The acute care
hospital offers inpatient and

Behavioral Aspects And Educational Implications Of...
Etiology, Behavioral Aspects, and Educational Implications of
Emotional Behavioral Disorders
Emotional Behavioral Disorder (EBD) also known as (Behavioral Disordered, Seriously
Emotionally Disorders, and Emotional & behavioral Disorders) is the 4th largest disability category
under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. EBD like most disabilities has some sort of
vagueness to its definition. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1997 (IDEA) defines
EBD as a condition exhibiting one or more of the following five characteristics: An inability to learn
that cannot be explained by intellectual, sensory, or health factors, An inability to build or maintain
satisfactory interpersonal relationships with peers and teachers, Inappropriate types of behavior or
feelings under normal circumstances, A general pervasive mood of unhappiness or depression, and A
tendency to develop physical symptoms or fears associated with personal or school problems (Sec.
300.8 Child with a disability., 2004). According to IDEA the in order to be classified as EBD one
has to exhibit one or more of these characters tis over a long period of time and to a marked degree
that adversely affects a child's educational performance (Sec. 300.8 Child with a disability., 2004).
It is hard to distinguish the genuine causes for EBD. The reason why such disorders can arise in a
child are due to a multiple or overlapping factors (Walker, 1999–2000). Three primary elements in a
Childs life that

Assessment Of Teen Pregnancy Prevention Interventions

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