Black Arts Movement Era

Black Arts Movement Essay
The Black Arts Movement
The amazing era of the Black Arts Movement developed the concept of an influential and artistic
blackness that created controversial but significant organizations such as the Black Panther Party.
The Black Arts Movement called for "an explicit connection between art and politics" (Smith). This
movement created the most prevalent era in black art history by taking stereotypes and racism and
turning it into artistic value.
This connection between black art and politics was first made clear in a great essay written by Larry
Neal in the summer of 1968. This essay illustrated the Black Arts Movement's "manifesto" or plan.
Neal wrote: "The Black Arts Movement is radically opposed to any concept of the artist that ...
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As Black Power began to grow, it received both strong disapproval from whites and several African
American organizations such as the NAACP. They probably disapproved of them because Black
Power followers harshly bashed whites as well as a black community who watched and waited for
changed instead of making it. The Black Panther Party became the largest Black organization
advocating Black Power (Gladney). Scholars of African American art and politics still see the idea
of Black Power as a strong effect on the consciousness of Black America today, though it had died
out in mid 1970s (Smith). Black Power writers largely redefined and reshaped the expectations of
Black literature to their own standards much alike modern day rappers. The ability of a particular
group of artists to be able to define their own work is crucial to the development of an aesthetic
(Gladney). One of the most influential writers of this era was Amiri Baraka. Baraka's plays, poetry,
essays, screenplays, and short fiction express his fury at a narrow–minded society encouraging
racism. Gladney describes that Baraka, also known as, LeRoi Jones was born in Newark, NJ, in
1934. He attended Rutgers University and served in the military for three years before settling in
Greenwich Village at the heart of the creative scene. Baraka opened the Black Arts Repertory
Theatre/School in 1964. The school became one of the most influential theaters within the Black
Arts Movement and brought
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Dorrit Black: Modernist And Cubist Art Movements
Dorrit Black was born in the Adelaide suburb of Burnside on the 23rd of December 1891. She
attended the South Australian School of Arts and Crafts in 1909, working on watercolours. Then
attended Julian Ashton's Sydney Art School in 1915, concentrating on oils. In 1927, Dorrit Black
went to London and attended the Grosvenor School of Modern Art, where she experimented with
colour linocut printing while studying under Claude Flight. In 1928, she studied at André Lhote's
Academy in Paris. Then in 1929 with Albert Gleizes, both strong proponents of Cubism. Dorrit was
strongly influenced by the Modernist and Cubist art movements she was exposed to in London and
Paris. By the time she returned to Australia, Dorrit had become an active proponent of

Elements Of The Black Arts Movement
The Black Arts Movement was within African American culture from 1965 to 1975. The main
concern was to separate from the western aesthetic and create a new black aesthetic. Another
concern is for African Americans to view the world in their own way. The last concern is for a black
artist to speak to Africans Americans spiritually and culturally. The three concerns of the Black Arts
Movement coalesce and creates the Black Arts Movement. These major concerns helped motivate
the Black Arts Movement and allowed African Americans to thrive as well. The first major concern
of the Black Arts Movement was to create a new black aesthetic. Black artists wanted to transform
African American culture because, western aesthetics made it unfeasible to produce

Expressionism : Door To The River By Jackson Pollock
Abstract–Expressionism was a later form of Expressionism. It expressed emotions like
Expressionism, but the ideas used color and form by themselves. The trend was popular among
larger canvases and new materials. It was an experimentation of abstract designs, techniques, and
materials. Paintings might be a paint blob on canvas, or three blue stripes on a green background.
Some found it absurd, while others found it inspiring. Jackson Pollock was an American artist who
was well known for drip painting. He struggled with alcoholism for most his life and he would take
his alcohol–induced inspiration and splatter it onto canvas. No. 5, 1948 was a splatter painting
composed of grey, brown, white, and yellow gloss enamels. Most people consider it to be a chaotic
birds nest, or a fury of emotions. However, it is whatever your eyes choose to see it as. Willem de
Kooning was a Dutch artist known for his works in specifically Abstract–Expressionism. Door to
the River is a painting that most might see as the work of a child. It is a blur of white, yellow, pink,
and grey streaks. It really doesn't look like a door at all, but Kooning saw it as a door. This
demonstrates the point behind Abstract–Expressionism. Postmodernism occurred after modernism.
It was a collection of different art forms that rose from trends in modernism. Post–war was known
as the beginning of Postmodernism or Avant–garde. It took place in the forms of Conceptual art,
Performance art, Video art,

The Gilded Age : The Gilded Age
The Gilded Age, which got from one of Mark Twain's books, The Gilded Age: A Taleof Today,
depicts a period in the United States with genuine social issues. Taking after the Civil War, the
United States hopped to the front of the world in industrialization. Because of America's monetary
development, the rich got wealthier and poor people, well got poorer. The Labor Movement was a
significant point amid this time, and most likely changed the way America works today. As
indicated by, today, the Gilded Age depicts the huge social, political and financial change that the
US experienced from the last third of the nineteenth century to World War I. The Gilded Age did not
just impetus industrialized power inside the United States, it additionally stamped basic in setting up
the New York Art world in the worldwide workmanship advertise(Kresser, 2013). American art got
to be to some degree a need amid the Gilded Age. Moguls frantically coveted to outfit their homes
with costly things, opening the entryway for specialists to convey what needs be. Painters portrayed
the glories and hardships of this new age, while essayists outlined life at its finest and nastiest. Be
that as it may, numerous specialists refuted to demonstrate the "urban life" of this time and
concentrated exclusively on the well–off. John Singer Sargent is an incredible case for this sort of
craftsmanship. He was by and large known for his extravagances picture works of art, for the most
part of ladies, for example, the Portrait of Madame X or Morning Walk. It was amid this period that
ladies turned out to be to a greater extent a point of convergence in craftsmanship. It didn't make a
difference whether dressed or exposed, living in agreeable insides.
Amid the 1920s, American craftsmen scanned for a more prominent significance inside society. The
nearness of Mexican muralists Diego Rivera and Jose Clemente Orozco in New York City, together
with the across the board lessons of Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin, served as motivation to the
rising craftsmen. Later, with the waiting impacts of the Great Depression of 1929, President
Franklin Delano Roosevelt's Work Progress Administration (1933) furnished many battling
specialists with support, a feeling of

The Literary Canon On The Black Arts Movement
Laqu'er Clark
English 1305–05
Dr. Boone
March 2, 2016
The Literary Canon How did the Black Arts Movement change the white supremacist of the Literary
Canon? Before one can go on to answer this question, students must understand exactly what a
literary canon is. "Literary canon" is a term used widely to refer to a group of literary works that are
considered the most important of a particular time period or place. Before the 1960's the canon was
widely referred to as the "Western Canon." However after the Black Arts Movement several
African–Americans authors emerged adding diversity and ideas from the point of view of racial and
ethnic minorities, which was not valued by the mainstream at the time. In the famous essay
"Cultural Revolution and the Literary Canon," Amiri Baraka's states "The 1960's had raised
questions of the multicultural and multinational character of society and had challenged the white
supremacist origins of the so–called literary canon." Throughout this essay we will discuss how the
Black Arts Movement played a major part in changing and challenging the white supremacist of the
Literary Canon. The Western Canon is the body of books, music, and art that Western scholars
generally accept as the most important and influential in shaping Western culture. When a work is
entered into the canon, therefore canonized, it gains status as an official addition into a group of
literary works that are widely studied and respected. Much of American literary classics are

Essay on Black Arts Movement
BAM! The Black Arts Movement
The amazing era of the Black Arts Movement developed the concept of an influential and artistic
blackness that created controversial but significant organizations such as the Black Panther Party.
The Black Arts Movement called for "an explicit connection between art and politics" (Smith). This
movement created the most prevalent era in black art history by taking stereotypes and racism and
turning it into artistic value.
This connection between black art and politics was first made clear in a great essay written by Larry
Neal in the summer of 1968. This essay illustrated the Black Arts Movement's "manifesto" or plan.
Neal wrote: "The Black Arts Movement is radically opposed to any concept of the artist ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The poem went on to read,
Poems are bullshit unless they are teeth or trees or lemons piled on a step. Or black ladies dying of
men leaving nickel hearts beating them down. Fuck poems and they are useful, wd they shoot come
at you, love what you are, breathe like wrestlers, or shudder strangely after pissing. We want live
words of the hip world live flesh & coursing blood. Hearts Brains
Souls splintering fire. We want poems like fists beating niggers out of Jocks or dagger poems in the
slimy bellies of the owner–Jews." (Norton 1943)"
All agreed the words Baraka used were harsh, but that is the essence of writing in this era. Any
words, illustrations, and depictions can be used to describe the feelings of Black Power. His words,
"Fuck poems that are useful" summed up that the black community was not looking for false hopes
but for reality. This poem had a very powerful effect on the black community who related to the
desire of Black Art (Bader). His poems contained an unconventional syntaxes, different poetic
rhythms, and dark urban dialect creating interesting poems that illustrated the movement he helped
create. Baraka was the first to illustrate this movement in such a vulgar but amazing way. He
described the type of writing that Black people

Difference Between Pop Culture, Art And Craft And Pop Culture
Historically here there are a lot of art movements such as Art Deco, Art & Craft and Pop Culture,
and all of the art movement has changed the way the people see and design things.In this essay, I
will be discussing the difference between Pop Culture and Art Deco and how this two–movement
has changed the style of people. Now let's talk about why I would choose these two art movements
because these two art movements are part simple but there was a lot of different distance contexts
the art was created as well as general history in these art movements.
First Pop art is the start in 1952 in London it was started by a group called " The Independent
Group" they were called as the pop art pioneer. It was a composition by a group of young artist,
Sculptor, architect, writer and critic, and they were challenging the Modernist Methodology of Art in
that time, question the artistic point of view and the idea of art in 1952.This group had discussed the
main focus is on the Impact of Popular Advertising, Film, Design Products, Animation, Technology
and Science Fiction how its effort pop art. In 1952 the first meeting of "The Independent Group"
co–founder, artist and sculptor Eduardo Paolozzi use a series of double collage works in all of those
designs there's one call "I was a Rich Man's Plaything" use the word "Pop" for the first time to
imitate the sound of a bullet fired. From then on, "The Independent Group" started to put the focus
on the American popular culture, especially mass advertising.
The most famous artist for is Andy Warhol (1928 – 1987) he is the Pop godfather, he started of
modern pop art, it lets people have a more colourful visual art to enjoy. The age of his lifetime, in
that time society, is in a Hippogriff, peace, capitalism and gender dysphoria etc. Warhol believe art
and business can't Inseparable, and he also believes that art should be Popular work hard and broke
through the gap between art and business; in his point of view, making money is part of the art,
working is also a part of art, and the profitable industry is the best art. Then he develops Popular art
to the highest.And urban civilisation is also the material as an art design. Plus a mass production of
products, then

Black Arts Movement Research Paper
The Black Arts Movement has created just as much an impact as the Black Power Movement. Both
organizations exist to maintain the integrity of the African American and to oppose any negative
connotations about African Americans. The Black Arts Movement was against integration between
the communities that steered black people away from its own ideas and community. The Black Arts
Movement manifested after The Black Power Movement in the 1960's. The Black Power Movement
and The Black Arts Movement both were in support of empowering Blacks everywhere to rise up,
raise their heads and do it with their songs, poems, words or by whatever means necessary. The
Black Arts Movement started in the 1960s came out of the Black Power movement. One of the most
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Neal had a desire for change something new and unique against America usual livelihood. He is
bold and outspoken in every shape and form. Neal does not believe it was time to keep changing the
blacks but instead evolve and with that, start telling whites that he didn't need them to survive. It
was time to change things up in his favor. Neal said, "The Black Arts Movement is radically
opposed to any concept of the artist that alienates him from his community." When Neal says "him"
he does not mean just the black men but the black women also. Neal uses the word "radically" to
show how extremely opposed he is to anything that detaches the black person from their community,
culture and who they truly are. Neal also quotes a poet Don L.Lee "... We must destroy Faulkner,
dick, jane, and other perpetrators of evil. It's time for DuBois, Nat Turner, and Kwame Nkrumah. As
Frantz Fanon points out: destroy the culture and you destroy the people. This must not happen.
Black artists are culture stabilizers; bringing back old values, and introducing new ones. Black Art
will talk to the people and with the will of the people stop impending "protective custody." Neal
believed he could destroy White America by causing a change in their culture. Much like how
whites destroyed black people over hundreds of years by destroying their culture and what they
believe

The Reinforcement of Racial Hierarchies in Morrison's "The...
Race and racial hierarchies are reinforced through the proliferation of a predominant, societal, white
aesthetic and through the perceptions associated with physical characteristics. In The Bluest Eye,
Toni Morrison first illustrates the reinforcement of racial hierarchies through the proliferation of a
predominant, societal white aesthetic by recounting passages from the Dick and Jane books, a
standardization of family life. Next, "The Black Arts Movement" by Larry Neal demonstrates the
reinforcement of racial hierarchies through the proliferation of a white aesthetic by discussing how
Black culture, including Black art, is in danger if the white aesthetic is accepted by Black artists.
The reinforcement of racial hierarchies through ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These books, with their simplistic two and three word sentences, were widely used to teach all
children how to read and suggested that the lifestyle of Dick and Jane was typical and standard. But,
the Dick and Jane lifestyle was certainly not the typical lifestyle for Claudia, Pecola or either of their
families. So, that lifestyle was presumed to be the typical white lifestyle. Furthermore, the lifestyle
of Dick and Jane was obviously viewed as superior to a sad, broken, difficult family life, similar to
what Claudia and Pecola were accustomed, so white lifestyles in general were viewed as superior.
Consequently, exposure to this white aesthetic, especially at an early age, would create, proliferate
and reinforce a racial hierarchy.
In "The Black Arts Movement," Larry Neal also discusses how a racial hierarchy is reinforced
through the proliferation of a predominant, societal, white aesthetic. Neal says that, "there are in fact
and in spirit two Americas – one black, one white." (Neal 2039). Further, Neal discusses the danger
of not counteracting the white way of thinking, trumpeting the need for a Black aesthetic. "The
motive behind the Black aesthetic is the destruction of the white thing, the destruction of white
ideas, and white ways of looking at the world." (Neal 2040). Neal's adamancy concerning the need
for a Black aesthetic confirms his belief in the existence and power of a predominant, societal, white

Modernism In Taxi Driver
Modernism is an art movement that became increasingly popular towards the end of the 1800's. This
is a movement that followed the likes of the renaissance and romanticism. It encouraged the avant–
garde and the expression of new ideas with a rejection of the past but was not confined to a specific
style. There are many art theories that flourished in the modern era and many were created as
reactions to others. Examples of modern art movements are impressionism, expressionism, dada,
surrealism and more. The modern era, however, lasted until the late 1900's where everything so forth
became known as contemporary art. This, in all simplicity, is a period of art that has been created
today. It is largely debated as to when this movement started but some say that it was initiated by
Andy Warhol and Pop Art. Films, theatres, and paintings created in this contemporary period owe
much of its inspiration from the influences of the modern era. Pieces of art created today takes
strands of modernism in order to create something new. Focusing on one specific piece, the film
"Taxi Driver" (1976) by Martin Scorsese, starring Robert De Niro and Jodi Foster, is a good
example of a contemporary piece that contains influences from Modern art, mainly Futurism and
Social Realism. Providing a brief description of the film, Taxi Driver follows the story of Travis
Bickle who lives a lonely life in New York ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Dorothea Lange's Migrant Mother1 (1936) is a photograph of Florence Owens Thompson, a mother
of Native American heritage, and it shows the life of a family who has no home. Grant Wood's
American Gothic2 (1930) is seen as a portrayal of American pioneering and the life of farmers.
Finally, Michael Lensen's Mining3 (1942) shows heavy labor within WWII. All of these pieces give
a different message and it is all contingent on the environment that surrounds

The Black Of Black Arts Movement Essay
The Black Arts Movement was considered to be the artistic part of the Black Power Movement
when it was formed in the 1960s' and lasted until mid–1970s. It featured several Black writers,
poets, playwrights, artists, and musicians, who sought to explore the 'essence of black identity',
commonly referred to as the Black Aesthetic. The Black aesthetic was both a cultural and artistic
ideology that was developed from many Black Americans who desired self–determination and
separation from the white community. Several of the artists who contributed to the Black Arts
Movement included, but is not limited to, Leroi Jones, also known as Amiri Baraka, Larry Neal,
Nikki Giovanni, and Sonia Sanchez. They sought to create art that spoke directly to the issues,
needs, aspirations and sociopolitical rights of Black Americans. Overall, this movement is one of the
most influential movements in regards to Black literature and music because it inspired Black
people to write and led to the creation of theaters, journals, magazines, and art institutions. The
Black Arts Movement was also said to be the 'spiritual sister' of the Black Power Movement, but
although the movement claimed to be the 'sister' of the Black Power Movement, it was sexist,
racially exclusive and was in no way feminine of supportive of its Black women.
Leroi Jones, also known as Amiri Baraka, founded the Black Arts Movement in Harlem, New York
in 1965. The movement was officially established in 1965 when Baraka launched the

Angela Tiatia Walking The Wall
The body has been cut, burned, exploited, sexualized, glorified, abused and stretched out to its
limits, as a form of curiosity in art. The body has been a central theme throughout art history and in
the contemporary world today. It is recognized as a symbol of identity, social politics, culture and
belonging. Art cannot be made without the presence of the body and its interaction with the material
world. Artists have continually tried to redefine the meaning behind the encounters of the body and
the body as the medium. From early works in Western paintings and sculpture, the body served as an
idealized figure, only made to represent the mythical, biblical, the rich and historical figures. The
representations of the body seem to only serve ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Angela Tiatia, video work 'Walking the wall' is currently being exhibited, and is a good example of
how the body is used to discuss issues of identity and its relation to culture. TiaTia, works often deal
with the subject matter of colonization, globalization and gender. In the video work 'Walking the
wall', Tiatia is shown lying down on the floor, whilst she uses her legs to walk up the wall in heels.
By walking up the wall she reveals her sacred malu, a tattoo that is a Samoan culture taboo. This act
her body takes is a symbol of protest, as she opens her legs she questions the unfair female
expectations Samoan women face, as they are expected to cover it, while men can wear their own
proudly. As well as, the act of opening her legs is an indication to western culture and the sexualized
expectation of feminity. The two contrasting cultures of covering up and uncovering, is reflected in
the tension of her legs as they continually walk up and down, in an exhausting matter, the viewer is
provoked to feel uneasy, wondering if she might slip. Like Sherman's films stills, TiaTia also
explores the ridiculousness of female expectations and pressure to conform. However, unlike
Sherman, TiaTia does not want any ambiguity in her works, as they are more personal and culturally
charged. In addition TiaTia works, reflect her identity

Iwt Task 1 Essay
Realism versus Pop Art
In this life, there are many forms of art or art "movements" to speak of. How we interpret art is a
very subjective thing. What a person sees and feels when looking at art greatly depends on their
upbringing, their values, and even their mood at the time of viewing. Could something dark and
lacking color be art? What about a comic strip in the newspaper or the billboard down the street?
Again, interpretation and taste in art is individual. I elected to explore into the two art movements I
like the least to potentially better understand them, and to potentially link them together.
Realism was painted to depict real life situations. It was developed by artists to create an illustration
of common people and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Realism evoked feeling in its everyday life portrayal. Pop Art is unemotional.
Although Pop art was originally stated to come from the revolt to Abstract Expressionism, and a
jump off of Dadaism, my thoughts are that the similarities between Pop Art and Realism as
extensive. They are related in the fact that they both are based on everyday life scenes. While
Realism delved into everyday society, Pop Art did the same with the everyday mass media market.
Realism was a jump from Romanticism– a fight of the unnatural belief that everything must be
romanticized. Pop art was a jump from Abstract Expressionism– a fight of the unnatural belief that
everything should spark emotional thought. Pop artists in Germany are referred to as Capitalist
Realism artists and, in France, the Pop Art movement is called Nouveau Realisme, directly
translated as New Realism.
The very famous Mona Lisa was great inspiration for many other art pieces, but none as famous as
itself except for Andy Warhol's silkscreens of the Mona Lisa. It is said that he was so consumed by
the famousness and celebrity that the painting created that he became obsessed with it for the rest of
his life. His creation of his own Mona Lisa pieces, as well as his Jackie series and his Marilyn series
and all the series that Warhol created of the many

Maya Angelou's Use Of Poetry During The Black Arts Movement
Poetry is by far, one of the greatest instruments that has been used to make powerful comments on
controversial topics. I'm sure that most of the public don't understand the importance of poetry or
how it has shaped societies by unearthing injustices in plain display of the public. Sure, poetry may
seem tedious or convoluted and might make some groan at the sound of it, but there is no denying
that it challenges authority and creates change. Poetry has been used throughout history to make
extremely powerful comments on society, and was a prominent literary technique in America during
the Black Arts Movement. This is a movement which inspired numbers of African Americans to
publish their own poetic creations in a society that was dominated ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The poem contrasts the struggle of a caged bird that tries to rise above its limitations of their cage to
the flight of a bird that is free. Throughout the poem, she juxtaposes the feelings of the caged bird
and free bird. The caged bird is restrained and helpless, "his wings are clipped and his feet are tied",
while the free bird "dares to claim the sky". The free bird symbolises the white person who can do
whatever they please without a care in the world. The bird knows what it is like to be happy and can
explore and experience anything they want. The free bird "dares to claim the sky". The free bird is
confident and not even the sky is the limit. Angelou uses this language to define the endless amounts
of freedom that the bird and white people have compared to the caged bird. On other hand, the
caged bird's "stands on the grave of dreams, his shadow shouts on a nightmare scream, his wings are
clipped and his feet are tied", symbolising the oppression and represents the the African–American
community. The bird has extremely limited freedom because of the locked cage and constantly longs
to be free. The caged bird cannot escape and this symbolises the segregation and discrimination that
Angelou grew up

The Importance Of Art And The Judgement Of Hunefer
Art by its nature is a subject of the philosophical, social, economic, political or religious context
surrounding its creator. More often than not, a work of art addresses a specific topic or somewhat
revolves around a particular person. Therefore, it is impossible to separate the context of a piece of
painting, either historical or cultural, to its intrinsic value or the artwork's meaning. On the other
hand, different cultures and time utilized specific conventions that govern the representation of
objects of creativity. This essay highlights various pieces of art and their relationship to particular
cultural, political, economic, or social settings. Moreover, it pinpoints how different times influence
art presentation. One of the pieces of art that shows the relationship between context and art is the
Judgement of Hunefer as illustrated in the Book of The Dead (Kleiner, 2016). The Judgement of
Hunefer is a painting on a papyrus scroll showing the journey of Hunefer, a royal scribe, and
steward of Seti, from his death to the afterlife. The image illustrates several items including spells
and prayers needed to secure a happy immortality (Kleiner, 2016). Moreover, the picture shows
several steps in transition into the afterlife including Anubis, the jackal–headed god of embalmment
leading Hunefer into the hall of judgment, Anubis weighing Hunefer's heart against a feather, and
finally Hunefer meeting Horus to receive an award of the eternal life (Kleiner, 2016). The

Contemporar David Kassan
Could you tell the difference in a painting and a photograph? As time goes on the line between art
and life is blurring. Realism and Photorealism are both art styles with the purpose of capturing a
painting or drawing that looks as realistic as possible. Realism was first came around in the early
1800's and stayed popular through most of the 19th century. Just as realism was losing steam,
photorealism started taking root in the art scene. Photorealism, much like realism, depended on the
accuracy of the painting or drawing. However new techniques were introduced during the time of
photorealists. Both realism and photorealism are very challenging art forms and each have their own
history.
The realism art movement began in France in 1840, only 40 years after the French Revolution.
During this time France was undergoing many social and economic changes. Back in 1825, France's
stock market crashed and was followed with a financial panic. Then came bad harvests in 1826
leading to high food prices in the following two winters. The realism movement called for "the
accurate, detailed, unembellished depiction of nature or of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
He was born in Little Rock, Arkansas in 1977. David Jon Kassan mainly uses PanPastel. PanPastel
is a soft chalk that is applied to paper using a palette knife. "I've been using PanPastel now for the
past 6 years, I started using them for the basic block ins for my charcoal drawings, because they
offer the artist a painterly expressive approach to handing an otherwise linear approach." In this
quote David is talking about laying down medium tones (not highlights or shadows) with PanPastel.
This is one of the techniques he uses a lot and it allows him to add detail by both taking away and
adding color. The drawing to the left is titled "Aubrey." I love this drawing because it shows all of
David Kassan's skills and techniques. This drawing is the definition of

Nikki Giovanni's Ideas Of The Black Arts Movement
In addition, the Black Arts Movement were deemed to be and known as controversial for various
reasons. One of those being much of the initial content that was published was considered to be
sexist and have sexist agendas. While another being, many works being solely focused on male
masculinity which threatened to drown out the voices and the messages of African American women
artists within this movement. This era was known to be heavily male–dominated but many female
authors gained their recognition for their works. Those being Nikki Giovanni (1943–), Mari Evans
(1919–2017), Sonia Sanchez(1934–), and others. Who had celebrated their black womanhood,
motherhood, and feminism by conveying these messages in their work. Nikki Giovanni, who was
known as a prominent figure in poetry during movement was known to provide strong and
aggressive presence within her works. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sonia Sanchez, a poet who contributed to the movement by defining what black identity was during
this time period. And by celebrating black culture in the forms of poetic forms by using the everyday
lives of African American women and men. This was fairly known in works such as homecoming
and TCB. Referencing back to Nikki Giovanni, in the short poem For Saundra, which observed the
features of a personal experience by incorporating larger social and societal concerns. Such as
privilege vs. prejudice, Giovanni does this by addressing the things around her and writing about
things that she enjoys to write about. And Giovanni tries to express this in this poem by saying in
that in lines 1–5: "i wanted to write, a poem, that rhymes but revolution doesn't lend itself to be be–
bopping" (880). Giovanni wanted to describe this as for why she doesn't write on pleasant subjects
as nature but also dismisses this era's injustices such as lack of opportunities within the African
American

The Black Arts Movement Analysis
Larry Neal made these key principles of the Black Arts Movement clear in "The Black Arts
Movement" where he coined the term. The basic points are that the Black Arts Movement is
community–based, explores the relationship between arts and politics, refutes white societal norms
by means of a true split from "the racist west" (784), and is ethical from the lens of the oppressed.
Basically, the movement is meant to give a voice to those oppressed (black) people that did not have
one previously.
The focus on separating from western viewpoints is displayed with language (a lot of Black Arts
poems utilize African American vernacular English and stray away from conventions), the changing
on one's last name from that of the oppressor, etc. Neal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During the Civil Rights Era, the Black Power Movement articulated a radicalized Black manhood
throwing off the imagery of the emasculated and shuffling Black male dictated by racial caste...
Hypermasculinity (i.e., hyperagressiveness, hypersexuality, excessive emphasis on the appearance
of wealth, and the absence of personal accountability) as a dominant conception of manhood in poor
inner–city communities, particularly among youth, is seen as a by–product of the pathology and
despair of the "Black underclass." (Hunter and Davis 23).
Basically, because of the way that the system is set up to harm and bring down black men, their
immediate response is to produce this shield of hyper masculinity that has become seeped in black
culture even today and led to the silencing of women. Women are left unable to express themselves
because all of the space that there was to take up when it came to black voices was used by men.
Many works depict women negatively referring to them in derogatory terms and as simply sexual
objects, but despite this, women were eventually able to advance in the movement and succeed in
ways that their male counterparts were unable to. They were able to invoke emotional responses and
illicit things from an audience that the men in the movement struggled

Expressionism : An International Artistic And Literary...
To understand Surrealism, we must first look at Dadaism, the art movement from which Surrealism
stems. Dadaism was an international artistic and literary movement which began in 1916 and lasted
until the mid 1920s. Artists involved in the Dada movement were experimental and controversial.
They constantly pushed and broke the boundaries of what art is defined as and what art–making
could be. They used chance based procedures and unconventional materials such as collages and
photo–montages created from newspapers, advertisements and political propaganda. They also
embraced poetry, music and performance art. The art movements prior to Dadaism, including
Impressionism, Fauvism and Cubism, were concerned with artists developing their talents, ... Show
(See Visual 2) The title explains how this work was created – Arp tore up pieces of paper and let
them fall on to a background before sticking them down. The anarchistic and unpredictable way in
which this piece was created illustrates the typical mindset of a Dada artist and the movement itself.
Soon after arriving in Zurich, the Dada movement spread to New York, Berlin, Hamburg and
Cologne, before it finally erupted in Paris. The leader of the Dada movement in Paris was a poet
named Andre Breton. Breton is an important figure as he would go on to become the leader of the
Paris Surrealist movement as well.
Andre Breton served as a nurse during the first world war where he treated many soldiers who
suffered from shell shock as a result of the traumatic environment of the trenches and war zones.
One of the soldiers he came across deeply influenced him. This soldier believed that the war was
fake and that the government was using fake smoke, weapons and blood in order to convince him
that the war was taking place.
Breton concluded that the mind has an incredible power to see altern realities other possibilitites.
Breton began to use ideas from the famous psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud to help treat his patients –
in particular Freud's 'Interpretations of Dreams' from 1900. In this book, Freud proposed the idea of
the unconscious mind and the irrational things which stem from it – slips of the tongue, dreams,
strange meetings and weird. Like the

Comparison Of Bauhaus And Minimalism
Throughout history, artists had many different motivations for creating what they did. Some created
pieces with religious significance, while others used art as an emotional outlet. The twentieth
century carried in a period of artists with new ideas and intentions. Two twentieth century
movements, Bauhaus and Minimalism, were not created to be symbolic or emotionally stirring as
much of the art of the past had been. Instead, they were movements focused on functionality and
simplicity. They disregarded the complex, realistic styles that had been popular throughout history
and exchanged it with minimalistic styles. These movements ushered in a style that would heavily
impact artists even today. Minimalism was followed very closely by Op Art and Conceptual art,
both of which disregarded previous beliefs about what art was and its purpose. Op Art showcased
illusions created with skillful tricks of line and shape. Conceptual art focused on idea, giving the
concept more power than the actual execution. Despite their obvious visual differences, these four
movements had quite a few similarities, including their disregard for the methods and mindset of
classical art as well as their extreme simplicities. All of these movements have heavily influenced
today's modern art and built upon one another over time. The Bauhaus was originally a school
founded by Walter Gropius, a German architect who focused on simplicity. The school was located
in Germany and taught on a very specific style

The Black Art Movement And The Black Arts Movement
The "Black Aesthetic" is a form of cultural expression that solidified itself during the Black Arts
Movement that was meant to exemplify black pride and reformation, culture, and community. Many
works that arose out of the Black Arts Movement depicted the role and responsibilities of the black
artist. Ralph Ellison claimed in his essay, "The World and the Jug" that he did not want to be seen as
a Negro artist but rather just an artist. This was understandable because he wanted to be known for
his talent rather than as a figurehead for his people but since then, there has been a lot of significant
historical and cultural development to this argument. After "The World and the Jug" was released in
1964, we had the death of Malcolm X in 1965 which was the catalyst for the Black Arts Movement
to truly begin. Black artists became very insistent upon invoking change through their work and
expressing their blackness unapologetically and it began to show. There was a change in mindset
where these newer artists wrote about their blackness and instances occurring in black communities
simply because it was a defining part of who they were, especially as women were given a voice in
the movement and were able to incorporate a new viewpoint despite the evident hyper masculinity.
Yes, they were artists, but they were black artists. Two poems that specifically exemplify this are
"Poem about My Rights" and "Poem about Police Violence" by June Jordan. These poems are able
to depict black

Similarities Between Dadaism And Internet Art
Art, quite simply, is a social force. It reflects on the feelings of people in society, whether
individually or as a whole. Usually art that vents the feelings of the artist occur around times or
events that evoke emotions powerful enough to provide a muse for artwork. Some art styles, such as
Dadaism and Internet Art, can directly tie their absurdist means to what was happening in that time.
But do the time periods in which those art styles were popular relate to the meaning behind the art?
The similarities between Dadaism and Internet/Postinternet art show the state of disarray and lack of
hope for the future that millennials have revived.
Dadaism
Dadaism is an art style defined as "a form of artistic anarchy born out of disgust for the ... Show
This film resisted the normal conventions of film production by being one of the first to use
photomontage.¹
A Description of Anti–Art The anti–art movement began after World War I and lasted from 1916 to
1924. It made an impact in urban cities all over Europe and the United States.² The world was left
shaken and changed after the war, and many people didn't know how to cope with the sudden
change in politics and day–to–day living standards that came with total war. The societal disorder
that came with war caused "normal" society to be turned on its head– helping anti–art to be the
opposite of "normal" art. Despite the fact that Dada was an impactful movement, it paled in
comparison to art movements such as Modernism and Renaissance because during the early 20th
century the world was too focused on war to appreciate art. The Dada movement went against
Modern Art in a big way, so much in fact that the reason Dada is called 'anti–art' is because it was
the opposite of modern art, which was considered the norm for art. While modernism promoted
order and the natural way the world worked, Dada represented the disarray of society and how usual
conventions could change in a second. Of course, with any movement, there would be an uprise
against it; Stuckism followed Dadaism. These self–proclaimed "stuckists" didn't agree with Dada or
surrealistic art and wanted society to revert to modern art.³ The formation

A Modern Black Arts Movement through the Instrument of...
A Modern Black Arts Movement through the Instrument of Hip–Hop
Since the decade of 1920, America has been the setting for a progressive "Black Arts Movement."
This African–American cultural movement has taken shape in various genres, gaining mass appeal,
through multiple capitalistic markets. Even with the use of capitalism this cultural arts movement
has stayed set upon its original purpose and direction, by aiding in cultural identity awareness. The
knowledge of the duel–self through community awareness as it pertains to economic perceptions
and other social boundaries or the metaphysical–self; what W.E.B. Du Bois coined as "twoness," or
a division of one's own identity as a African–American. (Reuben 2) A realization of the ... Show
This obstruction of expression resulted in the birth of "bourgeoisie" poetry known as rap (hip–hop
sub–genre) created by the hip–hop cultural movement of the 1970's. A movement with idealistic
roots linked to the cultural awareness of the 1920's Harlem Renaissance and the cultural
preservation and unification of the 1960's Civil Rights Movement. Nevertheless, the hip–hop genre
is another outlet of Black Cultural Art redefining cultural perception through urban expression,
relying on traditional African–American Art aesthetics.
The hip–hop cultural movement has been divided into four categories: the 1970's discovery of
turntable sampling and the emergence of "Rapper's Delight" from The Sugar Hill Gang; "The Old
School" defined by Run–D.M.C.; The 1980's Rapper's of "Social Realism" dealing with the
identification of racial issues within the urban lifestyle, expressed in lyrics by rappers such as Ice–T,
Rakim, N.W.A. and LL Cool J; The present day commercial hip–hop centered around monopolized
record labels sacrificing art for the benefit of commercial revenue, such as "No Limit Records." The
hip–hop movement originated as an urban impulse using various elements of performance art to
discover a cultural identity, which was usually deemed unacceptable by law enforcement officers.
The culture adopted an "outlaw" image through graffiti art, breakdancing and DJ's mixing samples
at public party performances. The two most

The Black Arts Movement Essay
The Black Arts movement refers to a period of "furious flowering" of African American creativity
beginning in the mid–1960's and continuing through much of the 1970's (Perceptions of Black).
Linked both chronologically and ideologically with the Black Power Movement, The BAM
recognized the idea of two cultural Americas: one black and one white. The BAM pressed for the
creation of a distinctive Black Aesthetic in which black artists created for black audiences. The
movement saw artistic production as the key to revising Black American's perceptions of
themselves, thus the Black Aesthetic was believed to be an integral component of the economic,
political, and cultural empowerment of the Black ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Black Arts Movement is famously described by Larry Neal, in his essay "The Black Arts
Movement" as the "aesthetic and spiritual sister of the Black Power concept" (Neal 272). Led, in
some ways, by Malcolm X and advocated by the Black Panthers for Self–Defense, the Black Power
Movement can be viewed as a distinct break from earlier civil rights movements. Black Power
encouraged the improvement of African American communities rather than the fight for integration
and acceptance according to white standards. The Black Power Movement cultivated racial dignity
and self–reliance, and also revived an interest in cultural heritage and history. Furthermore, the
movement recognized that "standards of beauty and self–esteem were integral to power relations"
and sought to cultivate confidence within the black community. (Hiltz and Sell). In addition to
sharing an ideological basis, The Black Arts Movement and Black Power Movement merged even
further, because the BAM allowed for "concrete expression" of many of the "political values
inherent in the Black Power concept" (Neal 272).
As an artistic movement, the Black Arts Movement rebelled against the Euro–American
assumptions of art, and emphasized importance of community, ethics, and nationalism in art. The
Western artist tends

The Impact Of The Dada And Cubist Movement
The 1920's became an iconic era in the world of art as it was a generation that revolutionized the
way art was defined all over the artistic and expressive world. The artistic elements of the Dada and
Cubist movements were combined and manipulated to form and create the Surrealist movement,
which was primarily rejected as an art movement due to its abnormality and synthetic
representation, but its iconic ideas and unique techniques paved the way for a new form of art where
artists developed a new, appalling and unique style of their own.
Surrealist artists would expand their minds further to welcome other depictions of "reality" which
inspired them to create visual representations of their subconscious mind. The works of various
artists, as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While surrealism plummeted downwards with the coming of the Second World War, Cubism lived
on and continued its legacy in the world of art over many years which in turn influenced many of
the succeeding art movements and also helped to progress abstract art in its future.
During the Cubist era, another form of art was created, namely that of Dadaism(1916–1924), which
later on became a pillar to the construction of the birth of Surrealism. When looking closely at both
of these movements, both Dada and Surrealism were artistic, literary and intellectual movements of
the early 20th century and were a great contribution to, later on, define Modernism.
Launched in 1916 in Zurich by the poets and artists such as Tristan Tzara and Hans Arp, the Dada
movement represented and conveyed a direct reaction to the slaughter, propaganda, and insanity of
World War 1. Various independent groups that conveyed similar and common ideas about Dadaism,
did not share a universal style but were rather connected by their rejection of idealism and the
unchecked embrace of "rationalism" and

The Black Arts Movement And Black Power Movement
In the 1970s Black people were facing many troubles because of the White race .For example,
Blacks were working as servants for them, and they were living in miserable conditions along with
the violence against them and many other encroachments .So that many Afro– American were
struggling in order to get back there dignity and their civil rights through establishing movements,
including Black Arts Movement and Black Power Movement.
These movements enormously affected black people , so that they hugely interacted with it and
started to revolt and move towards their freedom driven by their robbed rights and injured dignity .
In addition, many writers have a great role in these movements including Alice walker. Alice in her
short story

The Revolutionary Theatre: The Black Arts Movement
Revolutionary Theatre Revolutionary Theatre opted for self–select segregation, violence, and
community involment as tools for survival and teaching theatre during The Black Arts Movement.
The founder of this undertaking was LeRoi Jones (Amiri Baraka) a poet, political activist,
playwright, author, and musician with a strong passion for the Black Aesthetic, a new art that gave
life to the black experience in America at the pinnacle of the Civil Rights movement. Jones was the
first person that followed the ideas of W. E. B. Du Bois to create theatre about us, by us, for us, and
near us, which completely changed how black theatre was viewed and inspired many black
playwrights. In Jones's manifesto The Revolutionary Theatre he states: The Revolutionary ... Show
However, BART/S lost its funding during a federal investigation that determined that these anti–
poverty funds were being misused. Newspaper articles claimed that Jones was a racist, separatist,
militant and a black playwright using federal funds to wage a war of hate on America (King 130).
Jones says, "we were too honest and too naïve for our own good. We talked revolution because we
meant it; we hooked up programs of revolutionary and progressive black art because we knew our
people needed them, but we had not scienced out the how these activities were to be sustained on an
economic side," (Zygmonski 146). "Whether BART/S really embodied Jones's theoretical
principle... is moot. Or greater significance is the fact that angry, honest art was being brought to
working–class African Americans," (Sell

Magic Realism In Art
Magic Realism in art refers to a twentieth century movement which was initiated by European
artists after World War I and which was followed by a second stage that began in North America a
decade later. The earliest phases of Magic Realism began around 1919 and preceded Surrealism by
several years. Together the two phases spanned approximately four decades, with residual works
after 1960.
Magic Realism evolved during the Post–Expressionism movement in Weimar Germany. Connected
with the Return to Order movement, Post–Expressionism exhibited fewer neoclassical instincts than
the similar postwar realist trends in Italy and France. Post–Expressionism progressed by shedding
Expressionism's emotionally charged nature and abstract style. This process moved much slower
than the related trends in other European countries, not fully developed until the mid–1920s.
The term Magic Realism was created by the art critic Franz Roh in 1925. He was referring to works
within Post–Expressionistic art in which some mystery or a secret seemed to be hidden within the
subject matter. This type of art varied from 19th Century Realism, which was generally naturalistic
or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It should be noted that there is controversy about most art movements. It is true that there is no set
program for Magic Realism, and no recognized standard. These artists did not find the need to be
part of the avant–garde nor were they publicity seekers. They acted instead as individuals, who often
painted for a small devoted audience. Magic Realism is not Realism, but it is creations from the
artist's perception and imagination hidden as Reality. Every artist/magician uses different tricks and
keeps his own secrets. Still these artists communicate amongst themselves through cool detached
observations about each other's works. Perhaps we should nickname Magic Realism "The Quiet

The Y Greene : A Quiet, But Not Silent Hero
Cheryll Y Greene: A Quiet, but not Silent Hero History is not about events that have transpired, it is
about those events that have been recorded. The first people who author history are reporters, who's
job it is to keep the masses informed of current events. The second authors of history are the
historians, who weave together threads of information in order to produce a tapestry of narratives
used to illustrate what has occurred. However, as recent events pass into history there are people
who are at these watersheds. Such individuals provide a priceless window into these events. One
such person is Cheryll Y Greene. Who while is best known for her work on the PBS documentary
"Malcolm X: Make it plain" also worked on a number of other major projects about both the history
of others and her own personal experiences as a woman of color in her time in a way that is
accessible to people from a variety of backgrounds. Greene's first major breakthrough into the
popular view was her contributions to Essence magazine, whose target audience was African–
American women between the ages of eighteen and forty–nine years old. Greene used this platform
along with other contributors and editors to provide a platform to empower the magazine's targeted
demographic. One of the many articles she authored is an interview with June Jordan and Angela
Davis. Later on, Greene worked as an executive editor for seven years from 1983–1990. fifteen
years after Greene's departure from essence the

Role Of Art In The Gilded Age
The American Role of Art
The Gilded Age, named after the novel written by Mark Twain, describes a time full of social issues
in the United States. After the Civil War, America was a powerhouse in industrialization. Due to the
rapid economic development – the rich got richer and the poor got, well they got poorer. The Gilded
Age depicts the huge financial, social, and political changes that the United States had undergone
from the ladder part of the nineteenth century up until World War I.
Art in the United States became somewhat of a necessity during this time; the wealthy sought to fill
their home with the finer things. The painters of this time aimed to glorify the reality of the subjects;
focusing on elegant lines and colors. John Singer Sargent was one of the most pursued artists, well–
known for his portraits. Madame X brought Sargent to fame. Although first considered to be too
provocative; a beautiful woman in a figure fitting dress with a plunging neckline – it became a high
demand piece. Jules Guerin, a muralist known for his work in the Lincoln Memorial, depicting the
most notable moments throughout his Presidential Era. Above the inscription of the Gettysburg
Address, a mural with the Angel of Truth releasing slaves from their shackles of Hell standing center
with Justice and Law to the left and Faith, Hope, and Charity surrounding a figure of Immortality on
the right. Throughout the twentieth century, artists made numerous advancements for social justice

Similarities Between Dadaism And Internet Art
Art, quite simply, is a social force. It reflects on the feelings of people in society, whether
individually or as a whole. Usually art that vents the feelings of the artist occur around times or
events that evoke emotions powerful enough to provide a muse for artwork. Some art styles, such as
Dadaism and Internet Art, can directly tie their absurdist means to what was happening in that time.
But do the time periods in which those art styles were popular relate to the meaning behind the art?
The similarities between Dadaism and Internet/Postinternet art show the state of disarray and lack of
hope for the future that millennials have revived.
Dadaism
Dadaism is an art style defined as "a form of artistic anarchy born out of disgust for the social,
political, and cultural values of the time." (Artyfactory). Pieces made in this style went against
almost all of the previously written rules of art, which earned it the title of 'anti–art'. Dada was
presented in many ways, the most well–known being collages made on paper [Fig 1]. Another
popular presentation was photography, which was a relatively new concept at the time. These
photographs turned ordinary things into art by showcasing the abstractness of ordinary things as
seen through a lens. One of the most well–known examples of Dada photography is Fountaine by
Marcel Duchamp [Fig. 2]. Technology was also a new concept that Dada–creating artists used to
their advantage. Film and radio broadcasting were used as mediums, one

How Did Henri Matisse Influence Art
Henri Matisse was an extravagant artist they lived from 1869 till 1954. Throughout his life he
pushed the boundaries of what was acceptable in art and helping head the fauvism art movement of
the time. His life through art progressed through several stages, firstly his early influences in his
childhood home and surroundings, secondly his early days of art at the academies of Paris and his
first years on his own and thirdly his later life when he delved into the more progressive art
movements of the times. Henri Matisse was born December 31st, 1869 in a small village in
northwestern France. His family took part in grain farming as was the norm for the area. throughout
his childhood his parents taught him the lesson of hard work and determination that would help in
later as he quoted his father always saying, '"be quick!', 'look out!', 'Run along!', 'Get cracking!'" one
of his earliest ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During his early years in the profession he was often panned as being vulgar and pornographic. But
then as more abstract movements took hold of the industry he quickly gained fame and popularity in
places as far and as varied as Russia, America, Britain, France and even some of northern Africa. In
his early years he would use more classical styles but as he grew as a person he would reach into
styles such as fauvism and abstract. His mediums would grow to encompass painting, sculpting and
paper crafts. Throughout his life he was varied but his lasting impression is definite, the abstract art
world was forever changed because of him.
In conclusion Henri Matisse's life spanned two war and countless hardships, he would leave the
world with three children. Throughout it all he would paint, he would paint until he changed the
world with his brush. These ideas would shock some and delight others but no matter what the ideas
have and will continue to have a lasting impression on the world of

Black Arts Movement
Amiri Baraka's poem "Black Art" received national attention the message was about poetry and
black people."One of Baraka's most typical nationalist poems" Black Art"... is an expression of his
Black Aesthic, but is striking for its venomous language and for its rhetorical violence"(Sollors
para.1). His harsh language in the poem not only angered readers, but cause them to think Baraka
says " Poems are bullshit" with that first line Baraka sparks a revolution offending the western art
culture, but ultimately poems are not bullshit unless you have something real to say. It's like what
the point of writing poetry if it is going to be bullshit? Poems shouldn't be sweet instead it should
cut like a "dagger", especially when it comes to black people expressing about their struggle in
America. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Neal indicates how this movement should be and what it is about in the first line he states "The
Black Arts Movement is radically opposed to any concept of the artist that alienates him from his
community" Neal revolutionizes this idea he wants to ensure that the black artist be surrounded by
his or her people so that they can thrive and break away from the normal Western art culture and
seek help from within their community when it comes to the art. That is what Neal meant by that
quote and for him to tell artist that they should look for solace within your own communities
because there are stories that need to be told that's right in your back yard. Though June Jordan
challenged the idea of rape and sexuality in her work which is something Neal and Baraka didn't do
in their

Black Art Movement : The Black Arts Movement
The Black Arts Movement was an era of African American people found their artistic ability many
artist from different backgrounds used their voice and their art to promote change in America. Art
help spread awareness of the treatment of Black America it also was a tool to help black America
heal artist like Amiri Baraka, Larry Neal, June Jordan each of these artist work reflected the times
that they were living in. The Black Arts Movement was dominated by men, but the women were the
ones that brought different ideas into their work that made readers think especially when it came
down to womanhood and sexuality which was a taboo in society around that era it was important to
shed light on all artist that used their art to speak about real issues in society. Baraka, Neal and
Jordan were all different artists, but shared some of the same qualities such as being revolutionary
and creating Black Aesthic. June Jordan body of work concentrated on being a black woman she
utilized the black arts movement to express her sexuality and rape. It was essential that society be
exposed to all three of these artists and spark intelligent conversations that would empower people
no matter their race, gender or class. Amiri Baraka poem "Black Art" received national attention the
message was about poetry and black people."One of Baraka's most typical nationalist poems" Black
Art"... is an expression of his Black Aesthic, but is striking for its venomous language and for its
rhetorical

The Black Arts Era has been one of the most important times in African American literature. It was
the largest cultural upsurge in African American history. It evoked the black community to promote
African American values rather than White society's. Black artist and Social activist like Amir
Baraka and Malcolm X created bodies of work that emphasized black culture. Amir Baraka was the
main architect and the propelling force to the Black Arts Movement (Gates, Jr., Henry Louis; Smith,
Valerie). In his play, The Dutchman, Baraka symbolically portrays the effect racism and racial
oppression has on its victims. Malcom X's nationalist oratory, sheer magnetism of style, and courage
in the face of white power inspired a generation of Black Power adherents ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
something like ... uh, Gerald or Walter. Huh?
CLAY God, no.
LULA Lloyd, Norman? One of those hopeless colored names creeping out of New Jersey Leonard?
Gag ....
CLAY Like Warren?
LULA Definitely. Just exactly like Warren. Or Everett.3
CLAY Gag ... ·
LULA Well, for sure, it's not Willie.
CLAY It's Clay.
LULA Clay? Really? Clay what?
CLAY Take your pick. Jackson, Johnson, or Williams.
LULA Oh, really? Good for you. But it's got to be Williams. You're too pretentious to be a Jackson
or Johnson.
CLAY Thass right.
LULA But Clay's O. K (Baraka).
Lula's words can be taken with offense. Instead of confronting her racism , he plays along with it.
He later becomes disgruntled with Lulas's racial epithets. In this monologue he criticizes Lula and
her white privilege: CLAY ...Don't make the mistake, through some irresponsible surge of
Christian charity, of talking too much about the advantages of Western rationalism, or the great
intellectual legacy of the white man, or maybe they'll begin to listen. And then, maybe one day,
you'll find they actually do understand exactly what you are talking about, all these fantasy people.
All these blues people. And on that day, as sure as shit, when you

The Movement Of The 20th Century
My chosen movement is "Abstraction", which became popular in the 20th century. It drew
inspiration from several other art movements, for example; Fauvism, which consisted of jarring
colours and simplification of imagery, and Cubism, which was made up of reconstructed abstract
imagery (Lewis, 2015). One of the Abstraction movement's objectives was to push the boundaries of
how the artist described their world, they wanted to create art that conveyed the changes occurring
in science and technology, through non literal imagery. This meant that artists sought inspiration
from new historical and cultural resources, like art from distant countries, for example; Polynesian
and Aboriginal Art. As they depicted the world differently to most western artists, often utilising
lines, shapes and patterns that western art tended to shun before the late 19th century. The
Abstraction movement's goals, as described by the Drawing Center, were furthered by artists of this
period seeking ways to describe motion in their art, as this was impossible to do within the realm of
realism, therefore artists had to use more abstract methods to capture movement. This led to artists
using lines and gestural strokes to invoke a sense of movement, e.g; Len Lye's "Snow Birds Making
Snow, 1936". I have chosen to analyse Len Lye's works, specifically his animations, as he was a
prominent practitioner of Abstraction. I will be analysing 3 of his works, Tuaslava, 1929, Rainbow
Dance 1936 and Swinging the

The Black Arts Movement And The Civil Rights Movement
The twentieth century was one of the most active periods of social movements, along with the Civil
Rights campaigns of the 1960s was the Antiwar Movement, where most Americans were in
opposition with the government on the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam war. Domestically, social
and economic conditions gave voice to the people to embark on a revolution for change. For African
Americans the struggle for equality had been going on for decades. But the movement went to a new
level after the death of Emmitt Till in August 1955, a 14–year–old black boy murdered and
disfigured by white men in Mississippi for allegedly flirting with a white woman, and the arrest of
Rosa Parks December 1955, who refused to give up her seat in the colored section of the bus to a
white passenger. The beginning of the Feminist Movement in 1963 women began to fight for respect
and equality socially and economically. The Black Arts Movement which was the cultural wing of
the Black Power Movement began to play out on college campuses. The 1970s remained tied to the
social experiments and struggles of the 1960s. African Americans were still fighting for education
equality around the country. But signs emerged of another change. January 23, 1973 President
Richard Nixon announces the end of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam war. The Civil Rights
Movement and the Women's Movement accomplished many of their goals. The U.S. suffered an
economic recession, interest rates and inflation were high. Music

What Is The Black Arts Movement
The Black Arts Movement began in 1965 after the assignation of Malcolm X. Richard Powell
explains in his book Black Art; A cultural History that
"those who embraced the Black Power movement often fell into one of two camps: the
Revolutionary Nationalists, who were best represented by the Black Panther Party, and the Cultural
Nationalists. The latter group called for the creation of poetry, novels, visual arts, and theater to
reflect pride in black history and culture. This new emphasis was an affirmation of the autonomy of
black artists to create black art for black people as a means to awaken black consciousness and
achieve liberation."
These "Cultural Nationalist" where inspired to created their own art institutions and spread it
thought

Black Arts Movement Era

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