Target Discount Code Questions

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Case Study: A Firm Uses A Single Discount Rate To Compute...
Wk–4; Q1: A firm uses a single discount rate to compute the NPV of all its potential capital
budgeting projects, even though the projects have a wide range of nondiversifiable risk. The firm
then undertakes all those projects that appear to have positive NPVs. Briefly explain why such a
firm would tend to become riskier over time.
Let's start with some definitions and simple examples according to authors, Emery, Finnerty and
Stowe:
"Time Value of Money: The value that a capital budgeting project will create–its NPV–depends on
its cost of capital, its required return" (Chap 8, p. 189).
Quick Example of use of NPV: "Suppose our example project has an initial cost of $8,000 and an
NPV of $2,000, making up its present value of $10,000. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the past three decades there have been no fewer than five major–and numerous minor–changes in
depreciation rules. MACRS (pronounced "makers")... ADR had been an attempt to specify carefully
(once and for all!) the rules for using the three allowable depreciation methods, which were, at that
time, double declining balance, sum of the years' digits, and straight line. The designation of these
three depreciation methods as the allowable methods for federal income tax purposes had occurred
many years earlier, but the rules governing their use had changed often" (Chap. 10, p. 259).
"Which depreciation method is best? The answer comes from determining which provides the
largest present value of the tax credits (the depreciation deduction times the marginal tax rate). ...
There is considerable value, however, in describing a general method for identifying the optimal
depreciation schedule from whatever schedules are allowable at the time you have to choose one.
Despite all the changes, the way to determine the best method has not changed since the income tax
laws first began requiring firms to capitalize equipment costs. A firm should use the depreciation
method that provides the largest present value of depreciation tax credits" (Chap. 10, p. 261).
"The comparison in the General Electric example was between straight–line and an "accelerated"
method. Although not as quick as expensing, an accelerated method allows depreciation to be

Discount Rates In The Early 1970's
Discount rates were approximately 6 percent in the beginning of the 1970's. The higher the discount
rate, the more expensive it is to borrow money. Monetary policy was used when in 1971, Nixon
ended the gold standard, US money not being backed by gold anymore. When I researched, I
actually found that in the early 1970's, monetary policymakers did very little because they thought
their actions would be unsuccessful in fighting inflation and unemployment(The Fed Drives Best at
Higher Speeds, 2013). The Federal Funds Rate overall increased from 1970 to 1979. In 1974, the
effects from the oil crisis were felt. Inflation rose drastically, which caused the FED to tighten their
monetary policy. As a result, increased interest rates occurred. However,

Essay on The Case for, or Against, New Orleans
The Case For, or Against, New Orleans
Cost–Benefit Assessment
Too asses and give recommendation on whether or not to rebuild the city of new Orleans I will be
examining the cost to benefits of such a rebuild and the impact and benefits it will have towards the
city. In the CBA, I will be examining the cost of rebuilding New Orleans to pre Katrina conditions
without making any additional upgrades to the levees and infrastructure. This will give me a more
accurate cost model to base my recommendation on.
As for the benefits I will examine the benefits of recovered losses when comparing pre Katrina data
to post Katrina dat. The areas where I will be examining are tourism recovered, port operations
recovered, wages recovered, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Department of Homeland Security (DHS): $285 (80) million * U.S. Department of Defense (DOD):
$4.6 billion * CDFI Fund: $400 (200) million. * FEMA's National Flood Insurance Program
(NFIP): $12.6 billion. * On May 9, 2006, Secretary Jackson approved Louisiana's initial
supplemental CDBG Disaster Action Plan and awarded the state $368.4 million to help meet the
state's infrastructure needs, provide interest–free small business bridge loans and support long–term
planning efforts. On May 30, 2006, Secretary Jackson approved an amended plan and awarded an
additional $4.6 billion of the state's original $6.2 billion to fund Louisiana's Road Home Program.
This program provides up to $150,000 to eligible homeowners whose primary residences were
located outside pre–Katrina designated flood zones and were destroyed or severely damaged
following Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. (Hurricane Katrina: What Government is Doing, 2006)
ESTIMATED TOTAL: $35.64billion
Benefits
The benefits as explained above will be the lifeblood of New Orleans. These sectors include
tourism, port operations, wages, and taxes. I feel that examining these areas will give us a better
look at the microeconomics of New Orleans and allows us to better estimate the benefits of a
recovery effort.
Also to better understand the value of these benefits I will be discounting the FV of the benefits by
three important discount rates.

Essay about Fin301 Module 2 Case Assignment
TUI UNIVERSITY
Module 2 Case Assignment
FIN301 – Principles of Finance
Dr. Alan Harper
March 5, 2011
Part I:
A. Suppose your bank account will be worth $15,000.00 in one year. The interest rate (discount rate)
that the bank pays is 7%. What is the present value of your bank account today? What would the
present value of the account be if the discount rate is only 4%?
Present Value at 7%
$15,000/1.07=$14,018.69
Present Value at 4%
$15,000/1.07=$14,423.08
B. Suppose you have two bank accounts, one called Account A and another Account B. Account A
will be worth $6,500.00 in one year. Account B will be worth $12,600.00 in two years. Both
accounts earn 6% interest. What is the present value of each of these accounts? ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, with only one employee expected to be hired, all profits goes to the owner. At $500,
promotional considerations will be low, and with a plan to be community centered and community
friendly, they are likely to have repeat customers.
RJ Wagner and Assoc. Realty Real Estate Brokerage Business The business is purely at the mercy of
the economy. The housing market has not only been suffering in new home sales, but established
home sales as well. Foreclosures are rampant, and with high unemployment, people don't seek home
sales. In the Marketing Plan, an $81,000 a year salary for each agent is extremely optimistic, vice
the median annual wages, including commissions, of salaried real estate sales agents were $40,150
in May 2008. The middle 50 percent of real estate agents earned between $27,390 and $64,820 a
year. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $21,120, and the highest 10 percent earned more than
$101,860 (Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2010–11 Edition: Real Estate Brokers and Sales
Agents, 2011). How many home sales will really occur in a month and how many would use this
particular Real Estate Agency? A strength to this business is the funded start up costs requiring less

borrowing. Another strength is the knowledge of the owner (wrote and published a real estate book)
and the potential to pay top commissions and training to the hired agents. This plan is high risk since
depending on the market, the

Market Failure And Policy Alternatives
POL696 Take Home Exam
Xing Huang
Part 1 Market Failure and Policy Alternatives
2. The externality is the cost or the benefit that will affects someone who is not in the part of the
cause of the cost or benefit. In other words, externalities are the effect caused by a certain party,
which influence the people who are outside of the party.
There are four types of externalities, which are positive production, positive consumption, negative
production and negative consumption.
Pollution is one of the typical examples of negative production externality. For every Chinese
citizen, nowadays, his or her health is seriously threatened by China's notorious air pollution.
However, the relevant environmental protection institutions keep ignoring such ... Show more
In other words, chemical factories will find a way to improve the technologies they have to prevent
pollution.
Another example is about the positive consumption externality, which is the vaccination for some
highly affected diseases. In this case, government makes certain pay for the vaccination, which
means the government provides free health care program that ensures everyone gets vaccinated.
Such program can help prevent spread of infectious disease; this can benefit the whole society.
Everyone will have personal benefit from other people being healthy.
In such case, the policy for the positive consumption externality is that the government use subsidies
to pay part of the cost for the firm in order to reduce the price of goods and encourage consumption.
The free vaccine program is a good way to encourage people to get vaccinated, which can also
benefit the whole society as well.
3. Actuarially fair insurance has a zero expected net pay off. In other words, it's a kind of insurance
contract that its premiums paid equals to the expected value of the compensation received. . For
example, a person got into an accident, and he lost his favorite car. In order to compensate the
person for the psychological harm caused by the accident, the actuarially fair insurance may cover
the loss; meanwhile the premiums paid are equal to the lost as well. However, there is no insurance
company, which can afford or willing to sell insurance at actuarially fair

Inventory and Ski
Case #3 Barnes plans to use the preceding ratios as the starting point for discussions with SKI 's
operating executives. He wants everyone to think about the pros and cons of changing each type of
current asset and how changes would inter–act to affect profits and EVA. Base on the data, does SKI
seem to be following a relaxed, moderate, or restricted working capital policy? A company with a
relaxed working capital policy would carry relatively large amounts of current assets in relation to
their sales. It would be guarding against running out of stock or of running short of cash, or losing
sales because of a restrictive credit policy. Working capital policy is reflected in a firm's current
ratio, quick ratio, turnover of cash and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The only thing on cash budgets should be cash payments and receipts. However, depreciation does
affect taxes, which do appear in the cash budget. In his preliminary cash budget, Barnes has
assumed that all sales are collected and, thus, that SKI has no bad debts. Is this realistic? If not, how
would bad debts be dealt with in a cash budgeting sense? (Hint: Bad debts will affect collections but
not purchases.) No, it is not realistic to assume zero bad debts. In almost all situations there are bad
debts. When credit is granted, bad debts should be expected. Collections in each month would be
lowered by the percentage of bad debts. Payments would be unchanged, so the result would be that
loan balances would be larger and cash surplus balances would be smaller by the difference in the
collection amounts. Barnes' cash budget for the entire year, although not given here, is based heavily
on his forecast for monthly sales. Sales are expected to be extremely low between May and
September but then increase dramatically in the fall and winter. November is typically the firm's
best month, when SKI ships equipment to retailers for the holiday season. Interestingly, Barnes'
forecasted cash budget indicates that the company's cash holdings will exceed the targeted cash
balance every month except for October and November, when shipments will be high but collections
will not be coming in until later. Based on the ratios in Table IC 15–1,

First Motor Case
Global Perspectives on Accounting Education Volume 5, 2008, 17–25
FIRST MOTORS CORPORATION: A CLASSROOM CASE ON IMPAIRMENTS
Tim Krumwiede College of Business Bryant University Smithfield, Rhode Island USA Emily
Giannini Graduate Student, College of Business Bryant University Smithfield, Rhode Island USA
ABSTRACT This case requires a detailed analysis of impairments of both long–lived assets and
goodwill for First Motors Corporation, a fictitious automobile company. By integrating multiple
issues into this case, students are presented with some of the complexities and interrelationships that
are seen in practice. To properly prepare solutions to this case, students must successfully read,
interpret, and apply both accounting standards ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Each division acts as a component of the enterprise that earns revenues and incurs expenses from
engaging in its own business activity. Additionally, each division is reviewed by the enterprise's
chief operating decision maker to assess its performance and each division has its own discrete set
of financial information. At the time of the purchase, Macinaw Motors had three manufacturing
plants, all of which are still operating today. Each plant is used to produce one car model. Plant 1 is
located in Irvine, California, where the hydrogen–powered Mankato is produced. Plant 2 is located
in Mishawaka, Indiana, where the hydrogen–powered Sheboygan is produced. Plant 3 is located in
Braselton, Georgia, where the gasoline–powered Spokane is produced. When Macinaw Motors was
purchased in 2008, executives at First Motors believed that consumers were still purchasing
gasoline–powered vehicles because their purchase price was still less than that of similarly equipped
hybrid–based or hydrogen–based vehicles. Management of First Motors plans to convert Plant 3 to
manufacture a hydrogen–based vehicle at some point in the future. However, for the next several
years, First Motors wants to capitalize on the market for gasolinepowered vehicles and Plant 3 will
continue to be used in the production of gasoline–powered cars. In late 2008, management began
retooling Plant 3 of the Macinaw

The Pros And Cons Of Theme Parties
The winter season has long gone and everyone is eagerly for the summers to come along and fill the
world with happiness and warmth. Everyone thinks that with the winter season, all the occasions
and the reasons for parties leave us for an entire year too, however, it is not the case at all. The truth
is that there are a hundred reasons to party and we know that happens. We know that someone or the
other will throw a party because of a birthday, an office appreciation or just a regular random party
and everyone will be invited for that and so we cannot just leave our hopes and sit down because we
think that no parties are going to take place in the near future. We need to keep up with our apparels
and other accessories so that we can use them up whenever a random party comes up and we have
nothing to wear. However, a new trend that is coming up and gaining a lot of popularity when it
comes to party celebrations is that of theme parties. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When there is a theme party organized and you are invited for it, you can't just wear your regular
party dress and go for it because then you will feel completely out of place and you will be the odd
one out. Therefore, for theme parties, you need to keep up with the fashion and get yourself some
theme oriented clothes. Theme parties are always going to be different. Therefore, you can't just
stick to one dress that can be worn for two theme parties. A theme is never going to repeat itself and
so we need to constantly keep buying different sets of apparels in order to go with whatever theme
party that comes up. All of this can be a pretty costly affair and not all of us can easily afford it.
Most of us tend to give up on parties like these and prefer to stay indoors only because we can't
afford the costumes and we don't want to go without completely dressing

Foot Locker Store Case Study
About Foot Locker Store
Accept meaningful alterations and methods of trade you get from Foot Locker store which was
formed in 1974. Be prevalent of stuff that is usually sold on the store such as athletic shoes and
apparel which you will need. Get an understood assumption and a readiness to agree with items that
are usually sold on this store.
Set your mind on assumptions and recollect the best source of discounts you can avail from this
online store. Make a leap and purchase what you understand is regarded and can be a want when
you practice as an athlete. Select the kind of running shoes which are first choice for special athletes
who are regular trainers as athletes.
Point at Foot Locker store online and acquiesce with online means and preference ... Show more
Save at least a bit through Foot Locker Promo Codes and accept discount rate assertions to buy
online. Ascribe with cutters on stores and see reductions methods which are perfected discount store
trades online. Search when you need an item as there is no authenticated sources to get them
2. Ascribe with deals on store and see a different rate at which you are purchasing your choice of
stuff. Be recommending where a discount store means to attain is perfection made to standards in
buying online.
3. Ascertain with online offers making cut rate purchases as wants and assertions which are always a
buying method online. Get a perfect pair of shoes you will want to wear and get advantages you
need to avail.
Acquire Trades Using Foot Locker Coupon Free Shipping 2017
Attain online using Foot Locker Coupon Free Shipping 2017 and ascertain cutters through valuable
deals online. Search through a selection of online means to acquire buys where on web and possible
discount buys have relevance. Attain the best cutting range and avail discounts on delivery charges
that you might want in buying online.
Seek wants and rate reductions through web methods that have recollection with you making
discounts online. Search through several cut rate store methods to have wants and avail a selection
of items to buy

Practical Business Math Procedures Chapter 7 Challenge...
Challenge Problems
7–49
I. Given
a) Honda Insight Original Price $17,995.00
b) Honda Insight Dealer Price $16,495.00
c) Terms: 1/15 n/30
II. Unknown
a. How much is the rebate?
b. What percent is the rebate?
c. What is the amount of the discount if the dealer pays within 15 days?
d. What is the dealer's final price?
e. What is the dealer's total savings?
III. Equation
a. Rebate = Original Price – Dealer Price
b. % Rebate = (Rebate / Original Price) x 100%
IV. Solving and Solution
a. Rebate = Original Price – Dealer Price
= $17995.00 – $16495.00
= $1,500.00 rebate
b. % Rebate = (Rebate / Original Price) x 100%
= ($1500.00 / $174995.00) x 100%
= 8.34% rebate
c. 15day discount = Dealer Price x Discount
= ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Net Price = list price – trade discount amount
= $300.00 – $15.00
= $285.00
6. Lee Company bought computer equipment – $7000.00, terms 4/10, n/30, FOB shipping point
 Discounted price = List Price x (1–Discount)
= $7000 x (100%–4%)
= $7000 x 96%
= $6720.00 Discounted price

 Final Payment = Discounted Price + FOB Shipping Point
= $6720.00 + $400.00
= $7120.00 total payment
7. Which manufacturer should Julie buy

The Cost Of Current Co2 Emissions
Overall, Nordhaus and Boyer (1999), updated in Nordhaus (2006), put discounted cost of current
co2 emissions, over expected 100–year atmospheric life, at about $20 per ton of carbon in 2005.
However, there is build up effect in the long with increase in affected world output, improved
mitigation technology and as additional damages from warming rise with temperature level; the
projected cost per ton of carbon increases to $84 by 2050, and $270 by 2100. Most assessments are
in the same line, example (David Pearce 2005, Robert Mendelsohn et al. 1998); a meta–analysis
written by Richard Tol (2005) suggests a current upper bound cost of $50 per ton.
A striking conclusion was arrived at in Stern's recent Review (Nicholas Stern
2006), which ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Current discount rates assure fairly modest actions to reduce climate change for generations to
come, however, lower rates lead to perverse results like, severe reductions in consumption, implying
the most forecasted effects have a large influence on current policy. 4 liters of petrol contains 0.0024
tons of carbon (NRC 2002); therefore, damages of 20, 50 and 300 dollars per ton of carbon
translates to 5, 12, and 72 cents per 4 liters of petrol, respectively. Oil Dependency
Nigeria consumes about 30–33 million liters of petrol per day, although it was exceeded on the 12th
of August 2016 to 41million liters of petrol (NNPC news update, 12th August 2016); gasoline is the
single most important distillate of oil, accounting about 45% of petroleum products (EIA 2006).
Although it was projected by the EIA (2006) that oil consumption will increase to 26 million barrels
per day in the USA by 2025 (with share of imports almost constant), they(EIA) predict oil use
relative to GDP will fall by around 30%, because of improvements continuously made in efficiency
in energy and overall growth in the economy.
Oil and foreign imports dependence exposes the economy to energy price volatility and price
manipulation and may compromise national security and foreign policy interests; however, the
extent to which the market fails in these regards often is dreary.
Vulnerability to Oil Price Volatility.
Projecting future oil prices is hazardous as the prices are

Why The Canadian Government Should Impose A Sales Tax Of $ 1
If the Canadian government decide to impose a sales tax of $ 1 on every gallon, this excess burden
taxation of taxation will have tremendous impacts on the viability of the project. However, the
government will raise an estimated revenue of $ 5 million all things being equal at the equilibrium
point E1. By levying additional tax of $1 dollar on every gallon of product demanded, the new price
shifts to $5 per gallon, this as well affects the equilibrium quantity.
At the new equilibrium point E2, the equilibrium quantity shifts inward to 4,000,000 barrels. There
is a deadweight loss of $1 trillion which the market cannot account for as shown in the triangle
depicted on the graph.
What effect does the excess tax burden have on the demand ... Show more content on
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It is necessary to discount a project at a reasonable rate, because, the money we have at hand today
will less valuable than the money in future. Why is the so, the value of money today will be less
compared to what the same money value can buy in the future because money value also fluctuates,
and the value of money is affected by economic situations such as inflation, depression, boom and
bust circles, devaluation among other things.
This is equally true that money is subject to depreciation, despite its function as a storability of value
and as standard for deferred payment in the future. The same goes for the cost–benefit and the
impact a fall in value of money will have on the profitability and viability of a project on the long
run. Even if the estimated earnings from a project was realized in terms of money, the viability of
the project will depend on the net present value of the money earned on the short run compared to
its value on the long run when the project wounded up in the future.
Discounting a project at a reasonable rate, takes charge of the possible depreciation of the project
value in the future. Estimated returns on a project can dwindle for so many reasons such as market
fluctuations, price changes, technological innovations, depreciation in the value of money. Even the
fixed assets of production are subject to the law of diminishing returns. A pipeline value can be fixed
but that value depreciates over time due to ageing, wear

Hansson Private Label
Hansson Private LabelHansson Private LabelHansson Private
1. How would you describe HPL and its position within the private label personal care industry?
HPL is a mid–sized private label manufacturer of personal care goods. In 1992, the company
acquired production assets from Simons Health and Beauty Products, and through increased
efficiency had enjoyed growth within the sector. The company's production is estimated to account
for about 28% of the $4 billion sold in their product category, generating revenue of $681 million in
2007.
The company was recently presented an opportunity by its largest retail customer to significantly
increase its share in their private label manufacturing. The prospect of growth was risky, since it ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Moreover, Robert Gates' estimation of the price increase (2.0%) differs from the information
provided in the case (1.7%). This overestimates revenue and thereby FCF. To make better
projections for the firms' FCF, Robert Gates would also have to consider the opportunity cost of
alternative investments, the risk exposure throughout the project and operational risks after three
years.
3. Estimate the project's NPV. Would you recommend that Tucker Hansson proceed with the
investment?
The total initial The total initial The total initial The total initial The total initial The total initial
investment investmentinvestmentinvestmentinvestment of the project is $57817. Amongof the
project is $57817. Amongof the project is $57817. Amongof the project is $57817. Among of the
project is $57817. Amongof the project is $57817. Among of the project is $57817. Among of the
project is $57817. Among of the project is $57817. Amongof the project is $57817. Amongof the
project is $57817. Amongof the project is $57817. Amongof the project is $57817. Amongof the
project is $57817. Among of the project is $57817. Among of the project is $57817. Among of the
project is $57817. Amongof the project is $57817. Among the the initial investment initial
investment initial investment initial investment initial investmentinitial investment initial
investment, $45000 belong belong to the purchase the purchasethe purchase of of

Net Present Value of T-Mobile's Discount Rate
Part I: The formula for net present value is as follows: INCLUDEPICTURE
"http://i.investopedia.com/inv/dictionary/terms/NPV.gif" * MERGEFORMATINET Â Source:
Investopedia (2012) The net present value of this project if T–Mobile's discount rate is 4% is
therefore as follows: Year 0 1 2 3 4 5 CF –3219000 350000 939000 1122000 500000 400000 PV –
3219000 336538.5 868158.3 997453.9 427402.1 328770.8 NPV –260676 d 4% Based on this
calculation, the project should not be accepted. In general, a project should not be accepted if the net
present value is below zero. The net present value of this project is –$260,676, so it should not be
accepted. The idea of net present value is that a dollar in the future is not worth the same as a dollar
today. This idea is called the time value of money. Inflation, for example, diminishes the value of
money over time, so future money is worth less than present–day money. The discount rate is not the
rate of inflation, however, but the firm's cost of capital. This roughly means the cost that the firm
must pay to its equity and debt holders in exchange for the right to use that capital. Any project that
the firm undertakes must be more valuable than the cost of the capital used to undertake the project.
Thus, the discount rate is set at the firm's cost of capital. For T–Mobile in this case, that rate is 4%.
The reason the company only should invest in projects that offer a

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Discounts
DISCOUNTS
Abstract
This term paper discuss about the marketing done through discount rates or off rates. Today
discounts are seen in every market by one or other outlet. How various companies decide on
discounts to be given, rates of discounts, when and where to give discounts. How various discounts
impact consumer behaviour and their willingness to buy? There are various kind of discount offers,
even smart pricing is considered as a kind of discount offer. How to present discounts?
Introduction
Everyone gets attracted to deals, no matter the deal is small or large. This starts with every seller
offers to the retailer is that governing the discounts. Retailer grants that to purchasers who will order
quantities larger than the actual order. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Buy one shirt for Rs 600, get the second for 50% off
If you selected B, congratulations – you've successfully evaluated through some crafty discounts to
find the best deal. If you picked another answer, don't worry, most of your customers are doing the
same thing. In fact, clever marketers depend on this consumer behavior to increase sales.
We need to understand the Psychology of Discounts. First, it's important to note that everyone is
attracted to a deal, no matter how large or small. Just think – would we rather pay full price for an
item when we could save a few bucks instead?
By incorporating coupons and discounts into our overall marketing and pricing strategies, we are
already appealing to the minds of shoppers. But to take things to the next level, it's important to
realize one common theme: shoppers don't like to do math. Instead of crunching numbers, they'll
focus on particular figures in a discount promotion and draw their conclusions based on that amount.
Looking at option C in the example above, most consumers will focus on the 50% off figure, as
opposed to doing a basic calculation to see that they're really saving just 25% on the total purchase.
Because of this, shoppers feel that they're getting a better deal than they actually

Arguments For Long Term Contracts
Long–term contracts, such as life insurance, are very complex and have worked effectively for a
long time. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), however, have proposed a draft that
would significantly change long–term contracts in an attempt to improve their efficiency. Many
argue for the draft to be passed due to its potential to optimize and improve the efficiency of long–
term contracts. However, others also make a strong argument that if the long–term contracts work
and currently serve their purpose, why change it? This may not seem like such a big deal because it
is not like everyone is clamoring to discuss this draft or even cares enough to be informed about it.
Truth be told, everyone should be more concerned about these ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
These four areas are the key points of every long–term contract that it is written up. Long–term
contracts now have the potential to improve in various ways thanks to these. Liability assumptions
are the key points that the draft aims to improve the efficiency of. Changes would cause an
analytical view when changing cash flow and using an urgent viewpoint when making more
renovations (Towery). The updates in the draft would help in the long term cash flow of these
contracts. Another main point of emphasis the draft focuses on are the discount rates of long–term
contracts. Discount rates have always been a set earn rate and not based individually at all. This new
draft has proposed to change these rates to be based individually which would improve their
accuracy. "The Board believes that the proper rate for discounting the liability would be a market–
based interest rate rather than one linked to an entity's investment experience" ("FASB Proposes
Targeted Improvements"). Basing these rates on the market and the individual contracts instead
could vastly change the way rates of long–term contracts work. The last main points of the draft are
the disclosures and the participating contracts. "Proposed amendments would require a
disaggregated rollforward of future policy

Methodology
ECON 172 REPORT
METHODOLOGY
"What weights should society apply to cost and benefits occurring in future time periods relative to
the present period?"
INTRAGENERATIONAL DISCOUNTING * Consumption rate of interest cum shadow price of
capital method (CRI–SPC Method) * The level of public investment should be based on individual
preference for present consumption vs. future consumption * The marginal rate of time preference *
Investment is simply a means of using resources that are potentially available for consumption now
in order to increase consumption later * Individuals typically have a positive rate of time preference
* They demand compensation when forgoing present for future consumption * SDR ... Show more
Then the CRI–SPC method = Discounting at the ROI * But some if not all costs will displace
consumption, thus this method is generally invalid * WSOC Method * SDR = weighted average of
the CRI and the ROI * It will not give the same NPV as using the CRI–SPC method * Different
rates of after–tax return and before tax marginal return to private investment
DISCOUNTING USING THE OPTIMAL GROWTH RATE METHOD (OGR METHOD) * First
reason for rejecting CRI–SPC method: rejects the notion that social choices reflect individual
preferences as inferred from market interest rates * Because capital markets are not perfect and
individual consumers do not behave as assumed by the standard economic model of intertemporal
choice * Not only do borrowing and lending rates differ due to taxes and transaction costs, but some
individuals are screened out of legitimate credit markets altogether due to informational
asymmetries * Individuals differ in both their rates of time preference and in their opportunities *
Because many

Essay about Case Study Mars
Week 2 – Case Study: MARS (D)
Name
GSCM 540
Professor
July 19, 2015
Executive Summary In 2009 MARS Inc. has been faced with new challenges in their buying process
of their diesel engine due to changes with their Columbus supplier. The D–342 diesel engine market
is in jeopardy which is why the supplier dropped production and left MARS Inc. with only one
option in suppliers. Having to now deal with only one supplier Tom Sosa, the purchasing manager,
has had to figure out what this change means to MARS Inc. in terms of transportation cost,
inventory and storage costs, and continue the enforcement of MARS INC.'s implementation of lean
manufacturing.
Case Study Questions 1. What were MARS total costs per year prior to the new ... Show more
The cost in transportation rates will increase for MARS Inc. with this change. The Portland
supplier's location to MARS Inc. based on the current situation charges "per hundredweight is $10
for carload lots of 50,000 pounds. The less than carload rate is $15 per hundredweight." While
anything coming from the Columbus supplier was offered just–in–time delivery service at no charge
to MARS Inc. Also, this will affect the EOQ's because dealing with the Columbus supplier they
were located close enough that they offered JIT delivery which allowed the reduction minimizing
"work–in–process inventories (waste) by reducing lot sizes in order to increase production
efficiency and product quality." Now, with the change, it will force MARS Inc. to spend money on
warehousing and carrying cost due to the one week replenishment cycle the Portland supplier has. 4.
What is the difference between all–unit quantity discount and incremental discount schedules? How
would the costs and EOQs differ? Which would be preferable assuming that both share the same
cost figures?
The difference between all–unit quantity discount and incremental discount schedules are that in the
all units discounts model, as the order quantity increases, the unit purchasing cost decreases, while,
in the incremental quantity discounts case, the unit purchasing cost decreases only for units beyond
a certain threshold and not for every unit as in the all units discounts

The Mba Decision
The MBA Decision
Getting an MBA is one of these decisions that people at one point thought of as a level of education
only few are able to attain. In time that perspective has changed and in recent calculations the
number of MBA graduates has increased by 250% (Articlesbase, 2006).
In the closing case, we address the questions below to help Ben with his MBA decision.
Question 1
How does Ben's age affect his decision to get an MBA?
Time plays a huge factor in Ben's decision to get his MBA and to be able to make $100,000 a year
along with the bonus he will need to start on his MBA as soon he can. We all know that in most
cases corporations cannot discriminate against potential candidate's age, they however, prefers to
hire younger ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although we identified Wilton as the best recommended option from a strictly financial standpoint,
Ben's own decision to choose was not taken into consideration, as his personal rewards may be
coming from a different institution with certain affiliation, or a fraternity. "The general purpose of
fraternities and sororities is to provide social support for their members, including both national and
international students. Other types of fraternities emphasize service to the community, professional
advancement, or scholastic achievement" (Top Universities, 2010)
Question 4
In choosing between the two schools, Ben believes that the appropriate analysis is to calculate the
future value of each option. How would you evaluate this statement?
This is not an easy task, although would be beneficial. Without factoring his expected salary and
taking into consideration how it will all be invested including the rates and other factors which
would be based exclusively on predicted market and other economical outcomes, which would be
hypothetical; the whole calculation would not yield any assistant in making his decision, as the
information would not be considered reliable. His best option is to base his decision on analysis that
is based on current and reliable information. Ben can also learn that "Employers and graduate
schools are looking for outstanding skills and experience, not college pedigree" (O'Connell, 2007).
Question 5
What initial salary would Ben

Interest and Risk-free Rate
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Assignment 9
The due date for this quiz is Mon 16 Sep 2013 6:30 PM IST (UTC +0530).
Please read all questions ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Alpha, Inc., has debt that is viewed by the market as risk–less with a market value of $500 million.
Beta, Inc., has no debt. Both firms are expected to generate cash flows of $100 million per year for
the foreseeable future and the market value of the equity of Beta, Inc is $1 billion. Estimate the
return on equity of Alpha, Inc. Assume there are no taxes, and the risk–free rate is 5%. (No more
than two decimals in the percentage interest rate, but do not enter the % sign.)
Answer for Question 7
Question 8
(10 points) Mango, Inc. has had debt with market value of $1 million that has paid a 6% coupon and
has had an expiration date that is far, far away. The expected annual earnings before interest and
taxes for the firm are $2 million and the firm has not grown, nor does it have plans for any growth.
The firm however has just raised more equity to retire all its debt. If the required rate of return to
equity–holders (after the capital structure change) is now 20%, what is the market value of the firm?
Assume there are no taxes. (Enter just the number without the $ sign or a comma; round to the

nearest whole dollar.)
Question 9
(15 points) Suppose all investors are risk–averse and hold diversified portfolios. You are evaluating
a new drug company that is going to have two divisions: an R&D unit and a Sales unit. Your CEO
and you are arguing about whether the two units should have the same cost

Discount Rate Is Defined By The Federal Reserve Essay
Discount rate. The discount rate is defined by the Federal Reserve as, " how much the United States
central bank charges its member banks to borrow from its discount window to maintain the reserve
it requires" (www.federalreserve.org). If for example, the discount rate is set low, banks will be
more likely to borrow from the central bank and increase the reserves. With increased reserves the
federal funds rate will also decrease, which in turn will indirectly effect all other aspects of the
economy. The reverse is true as well, if the discount rate is set high, the banks will borrow monies
from one another rather than from the Federal Reserve. Open markets. Open markets is where the
central banks purchase and sell securities within the country. The central bank can control the
commercial banks' lending ability by reducing the cash in the reserves. As an example; to reduce
cash in the reserves the central bank sells securities in the open market and places them on the
banks' balance sheets lowering the cash on hand for the banks to lend out to their customers (Dr.
Econ, 2002). The impact that this will have on the economy is that it will cause the market to
contract. If the central bank would like to expand the market it can buy the securities, removing
them from the banks' balance sheet, freeing up funds to lend out to the banks customers (Amadeo,
2016).
Reserve requirements. A reserve requirement is just as it sounds, a required amount that a bank must
keep on

Bundling
1. Evaluate the consequences of offering a single ticket for the concert series either in addition to, or
in place of, offering the tickets for each concert separately. The primary aim here should be to
maximize profit. Below table gives the Willingness –to–pay of Concert Patrons: Case 1: Only
Bundling Bundle at $50– This is the maximum that the last two categories of patrons are ready to
pay. Hence, the revenue we get is $200. Bundle at $60– Only the top two categories of patrons are
ready to pay this amount for both the concerts together. The revenue we get is $120. So by bundling,
the maximum we can get is $200. Case 2: Not bundling Both concert tickets individually $20 – In
this case we are not capturing Tchaikovsky ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The profit when the products are bundled at $80 is $54400; bundled at $100 or sold individually at
$50 each is 50000. In case we sell the products individually, the maximum profit that can be gained
is 50000. We therefore conclude that, bundling the products will lead to the higher amount of profit.
3. Suppose the firm were to give anyone buying product A a coupon entitling the holder to a certain
amount (say $10) off the price of product B. Would the firm benefit from such a promotion scheme?
Give an intuitive explanation for your answer. The case informs us that the consumers will buy both
the products and that the willingness–to–pay for each of the product is independent across the
products but the maximum a consumer will pay for both the products combined is $100. Since a
discount coupon is being given, this implies that the products are not bundled. As per our analysis in
Qs.#2, we found that the maximum profit that can be earned by selling the products separately is
50000 and the consumer equilibrium occurs at a price of $50 for each of the product. So considering
this, if we increase the price of B to $60 and give a $10 discount coupon, the effective price of B
comes to $50. Below figure 3.1 depicts the scenario where a discount coupon of $10 is provided. In
this instance, a gift of $10, would result in an increase of the

Fin322
FIN322 Advanced Business Finance
Major Assignment
Spring 2012
Due Date: By 4pm on 8 Oct 2012 (Monday in Session Week 11)
Place for
Submission: A hard copy of the assignment should be placed in the assignment box outside the
front–office of the School of Accounting and Finance located in level 3, building 40. This box will
be removed at 4 pm on the due day.
A soft copy should be sent to your tutor by email by the due date.
Penalty for
Late Submission: Any assignment received after that time will be penalised by a deduction of 20%
for each day late (or part thereof). Any late assignment should be submitted to the subject
coordinator directly.
Format: A written submission is required from each ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This market allows higher margins; TOM Tyres expects to sell the SuperTread for $59 per tyre
there. Variables costs are the same as in the OEC market.
TOM Tyres intends to raise prices at 1 percent above the inflation rate; variable costs will also
increase at 1 percent above the inflation rate. In addition, the SuperTread project will incur $25
million in marketing and general administration costs the first year. This cost is expected to increase
at the inflation rate in the subsequent years.
TOM Tyres' corporate tax rate is 40 percent. Annual inflation is expected to remain constant at 3.25
percent. Automotive industry analysts expect automobile manufacturers to produce 2 million new
cars this year and production to grow at 2.5% per year thereafter. Each new car needs four tyres (the
spare tyres are undersized and are in a different category). TOM Tyres expects the SuperTread to
capture 11 percent of the OEM market.
Industry analysts estimate that the replacement tyre market size will be 14 million tyres this year and
that it will grow at 2 percent annually. TOM Tyres expects the SuperTread to capture an 8% market

share.
The appropriate depreciation schedule for the equipment is the seven–year MACRS depreciation
schedule. The immediate initial working capital requirement is $11 million. Thereafter, the net
working capital requirements will be

Case Study Nordstrom
Nordstrom A More Consistent And Augmentative Solution In Shopping
Assert and make trades on web using Nordstrom store to acclaim offers and deals you use. Acquire
having cost contention as well as price differences through resilience you understand as sensible and
a worth it reason to access from Nordstrom. Get through initial stages of improving online use with
a connected computing means as there are ways to buy.
Be assured where a more logical and convalescent store use and trade makes sense and provides you
discount online attainments. Attain right solutions and consider a worth it acclimation to retain as
price limitations. Decipher an online store use and cut methods to buy making a sentenced discount
acquirement and recall.
Search with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Perfect where methods and deals are perception in deals you make on web to save by a large extent.
See recognition and consider a cost decrease to have prices improved, having to buy online.
See if there is discount store access with price curtailments to acquire and recover cost deductive
methods is how you buy online. Settle having cost consideration and purchases which make
sensitive access and selection to perceive what you want to render like price difference. Settle where
store consideration to perceive cost markdown makes sensible cost amendments on web.
50% Off Sunglasses Using Discount Ascriptions Online To Get With Decreases
Attain with as much as 50% discounts on sunglasses to acclaim as rate deductions, selecting a price
declaration online. Assess and seek rate discovery contending through cost inference on store
making trades you need to recognize. Sentence with perfection to aggravate as discount ascriptions
online which is selective through rate dissimilarities online as you might accredit a rate cut

Analyze the Relationship Between Npv and Irr (the Key...
RUNNING HEAD: Contribution Margin and Breakeven Analysis Simulation Contribution Margin
and Breakeven Analysis Simulation Juan Vázquez–Nieves, RN, BSN James Ciaramella University
of Phoenix Contribution margin and breakeven analysis proved to be challenging, once again I'm
face to interpret what I believe to be true. First going over the assign simulation was demanding to
the point of taking the simulation three times or more, latter the article also proved to be a
challenging in the attempts to express and explain my thoughts. Considering Large Bulk Order In
order for Aunt Connie's Cookies to decide how to proceed with the order she will need to understand
the concept of contribution margin. A contribution margin reveals ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
I chose contribution margin as my third option because, it demonstrates the effectiveness of how
much ACC is getting out of every dollar spent. Operational Result I chose to report in the area of
general medical and surgical hospital, although it provides explanation on cost and revenue it fails to
mention them in detail. The article stated that for the past decade hospitals have decreased in
numbers, as well as in patient hospital beds. However, reading the article under organization and
structure it reveals cost and revenue. For instances in the late 2000's, the largest source of income
for hospitals came from Medicare and Medicaid services, of 2.24 trillion, in governmental funds
they provided 1.04 million or 46.2 percent. Medicaid accounted for 19.2 percent and Medicare, 14.7
percent. Private insurances paid 34.6 percent which would be over 775 billion, finally out–of–pocket
expenses accounted for 12 percent, which was equivalent to 268.9 billion. The remaining 7.2
percent came from other sources of revenue. The article also goes on to explain that hospital
expenses are powerfully affected by legislation cost of medical technology, and trend in medical
practice. Meanwhile as expenses continued to increase throughout this decade hospital began to
outsource services such as food service, maintenance, and laundry. This action plan was to
counteract rising cost, in addition hospitals also attempted to

Risk Adjusted Discount Rate
THE DIRECT D E T E R M I N A T I O N of RISK–ADJUSTED DISCOUNT RATES and
LIABILITY BETA
RUSSELL E. BINGHAM T H E H A R T F O R D FINANCIAL SERVICES G R O U P
Table of Contents
Page 2 3 5 7 8 11 12 13 14 14 15 16 17 17
18
Subject Abstract 1. Summary 2. Total Return Model 3. After–Tax Discounting 4. Derivation of
Risk–Adjusted Discount Rate and Liability Beta Figure l : Baseline Risk / Return Line vs Leverage
5. Liability Beta Figure 2: Equity vs Liability Beta Figure 3: Equity Beta vs Risk–Adjusted Discount
Rate (After–Tax) 6. Underwriting Profit Margin Figure 4: Underwriting Profit Margin vs Loss
Payout Figure 5: Underwriting Profit Margin vs Investment Yield Figure 6: Underwriting Profit
Margin vs Market Risk Premium Figure ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Secondly, the importance of using after–tax discount rates and the
equivalency of net present value rates of return and internal rates of return that follow as a
consequence is reviewed, again discussed in detail in [1], [2] and [3]. This foundation provides the
critical model structure and valuation framework from which risk–adjusted discount rates and
liability beta can be determined.
An important principle is introduced – that being that the risk–adjusted total rate of return must
equal the risk–free rate. This fundamental principle provides a stepping stone from which a direct
estimate of the liability beta becomes possible within the total return framework. Liability betas are
shown in The
relationship to the total return to shareholders and the linkage with equity betas demonstrated.
sensitivity of the underwriting profit margin to variations in loss payout, investment yield, market
risk premium and leverage is demonstrated and discussed.
Liability betas cannot be directly measured, and Cummins [6] and Fairley [9] presented approaches
to estimate them. Kozik [10] discussed the many problematic aspects of CAPM and liability beta

theory, demonstrating why any estimate of liability beta is likely to be subject to much debate. It is
important to keep in mind, however, that the development of a liability beta is a secondary objective
to that of determining the appropriate risk–adjusted discount, rate. This paper proposes a shift in
focus

Tools of The Federal Reserve: Discount Rates and Reserve...
Discount Rate
The Federal Reserve uses two other types of tools besides the open market operations (OMO), and
they are the discount rates and reserve requirements. The FOMC is responsible for the OMO and the
discount rate and reserve requirements are taken care by the Federal Reserve System's Board of
Governors. The three fundamental tools can influenced the demand and supply of and the balances
that depository institution hold which can result in the change in federal funds rate.
In 1913, the Federal Reserve System was enacted, it has three primary objectives; eradicating the
"pyramiding" of reserves in New York City and substitute it with a polycentric system of twelve
reserve banks, which will help the banks with a more seasonal ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore, depository institutions that do not meet the requirements for primary credit but needs a
short–term loan for liquidity purposes can still use secondary credit. Higher level of administration
is necessary for secondary credit due to the institution being less stable than those who are eligible
for the primary credit. Thus, secondary credit is priced slightly higher than the primary credit.
Lastly, seasonal credit is normally served to smaller depository institutions that needs constant loans
due to the nature of the business being seasonal, thus the institutions would incur recurring
fluctuations in funding needs. Examples of businesses that are under seasonal credit are banks in
agricultural and seasonal resort communities. Seasonal credit is offered to small depository
institutions to allow smooth operation during tough months when there is low to no income.
Seasonal credit can last for up to 90 days. The discount rate for seasonal credit is an average of the
chosen market rates (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 2013).
Reserve Requirements
Reserve requirements as defined by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (2013)
are "the amount of funds that a depository institution must hold in reserve against specified deposit
liabilities". The Board of Governors has the rights to change the reserve requirements, within limits
specified by law (Board of

Development Of A Sustainable Development Essay
Introduction
Sustainable development still continues to be the main concept around which environment and
development are organised. In addition, sustainable development is currently identified as a primary
policy goal of many more institutions in development than at any previous time (Elliott, 2006). The
general interpretation of sustainability is that development policies must be controlled allowing
natural resources to be sustained at their initial level. The sustainability criteria ensures that future
generations enjoy the same amount of resources that are undiminished relative to those of the
present (Quiggn, 1997:1). However the fundamental assumption presently is that people are over
using resources consequently leaving future generations with lesser and that are the cause of these
depletions are market processes (Huggins, 2003: 57–71). There are two factors that need to be
considered in relation to sustainable development in order to measure and reduce the impacts of the
issues facing sustainability. Discount rates are generally used to calculate the future benefits that can
be benefited today. Property rights are generally used as a tool to achieve sustainable development.
What is sustainable development?
Sustainable development is the theory of the relationship between the environment and economic
growth (Asefa, 2005: 1–18). According to the Brundtland Commission's report, sustainable
development can be defined as the "ability to make development

Case Study, Mall of Americas Essays
Case Study MKT 113
Southern New Hampshire University
Introduction
The purpose of this paper is to present the marketing success, retail & consumer trends, expansion
and future marketing plan for "Mall of America: Shopping and a Whole Lot More. For over 20 years
Mall of America has been able to attract over 40 million annual vistors driving by both local patrons
and tourism. I will discuss my view on what I would like to see at Mall of America's expansion
facility and how that compares to the current facility. In addition to the selection of what vendors
will occupy the space, but a marketing plan to appeal to new consumers to increase the number of
annual visitors to Mall of America.
Paragraph 1
The Mall of America has ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Once you have the consumer at the mall, it is not enough to have them fulfill what they are there for,
but to entice the consumer to want more. Example would be to add a small concert venue that would
bring in concert goers for dinner, the concert and possible hotel stay. Paragraph 4
Mall of America managers should continue to market as a destination. When you market as a
destination this relates to the local consumer and those visiting from outside the area. If hotels are
added, marketing can offer vacation packages to include hotel stay, theme park tickets, movie tickets
and aquarium tickets at discounted rates. In addition, the vacation package could include a 10%
discount to all retailers in the mall for a specified period of time. Vacationers like to plan their
vacation at a discounted rate, but also prefer to handle all the planning in one location and not have
to contact several companies to plan a vacation. If Mall of America adds facilities that is similar to
an all inclusive vacation package, they will continue to build on their success.
Conclusion
Mall of America has been very successful launching and maintaining a concept that most people did
not

Finance and Question Essay
Question 1
(5 points) In a world with no frictions (i.e., taxes, etc.), having debt is always better because it
increases the value of the firm/project.
Your Answer Score Explanation
True.
False. Correct 5.00 Correct. You understand the irrelevance of financing.
Total 5.00 / 5.00
Question Explanation
Fundamental question about value creation.
Question 2
(5 points) The return of equity is equal to the return on debt of a project/firm
Sometimes true.
Always true.
Never true. Correct 5.00 Correct. Equity is always riskier.
Total 5.00 / 5.00
Financing's effects on equity.
Question 3
(10 points) Suppose the expected returns on equity of two ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Alpha, Inc., has debt that is viewed by the market as risk–less with a market value of $500 million.
Beta, Inc., has no debt. Both firms are expected to generate cash flows of $100 million per year for
the foreseeable future and the market value of the equity of Beta, Inc is $1 billion. Estimate the
return on equity of Alpha, Inc. Assume there are no taxes, and the risk–free rate is 5%. (No more
than two decimals in the percentage interest rate, but do not enter the % sign.)
You entered:
20
20 Incorrect 0.00
Total 0.00 / 10.00

A mechanical problem if you understand the effects of financing and use all information.
Question 8
(10 points) Banana, Inc. has had debt with market value of $0.5 million that has paid a 5% coupon
and has had an expiration date that is far, far away. The expected annual earnings before interest and
taxes for the firm are $1 million and the firm has not grown, nor does it have plans for any growth.
The firm however has just raised more equity to retire all its debt. If the required rate of return to
equity–holders (after the capital structure change) is now 10%, what is the market value of the firm?
Assume there are no taxes. (Enter just the number without the $ sign or a comma; round to the
nearest whole dollar.)
You entered:
10000000

Collinsville Case Study Essay
Collinsville case study
1. Which firms are the "identical twins" of the Collinsville investment? Using the β's for those assets
and the methodology learned in this course, determines the appropriate discount rate for the
Collinsville investment.
We are interested in obtaining the asset beta for Collinsville investment. Here from the reading
material, we find there were altogether 6 chemical companies that produce sodium chlorates. They
are Hooker, Pennwalt, American, Kerr–McGee, Brunswick and Southern. However, since we are
evaluating the addition of a sodium chlorate plant, the two firms (Brunswick and Southern) who
specialize in producing sodium chlorate are likely the best "twins". To determine the asset betas of
each company, we ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Here, in the given pro forma in Exhibit 8, the cost of salt and other in 1984 was 1836 while that in
1983 is 1956. Thus, the growth rate is (1956–1836)/1836=6.6%.
Thirdly, since the total fixed costs account for 14.1% of its sales in the year of 1983 and 1984, we
assume the total fixed costs will remain at this level until 1989. Similarly, the account receivable,
account payable, and inventories stays at 10%, 5.5% and 4.5% of sales respectively.
For the depreciation part, we adopted the straight–line method. Here since the depreciation of year
1984 was $1270, we just assumed all the depreciation amount to be equal to $1270 till the year
1989. With all of these previous assumptions, we obtain the complete pro forma financial statement
and the cash flow table for the Collinsville Plant.
Together with the discount rate we calculated from the first part, we get the NPV of this project is
$8737.6. Under this valuation, the $12M offer is high and that Dixon should not make the
investment without the laminate technology.
3.
Calculate the incremental NPV from adding the laminate technology to the Collinsville plant. What
is the NPV of the Collinsville plant with the laminate technology?
When we consider the laminate technology, we have to add $2.25M to the CAPX for first year and
add $225,000 to depreciation per annum from the second year to the last year. Moreover, we assume
the

Galaxy Science Centre (Gsc) Essay
Executive summary
Capital Budgeting encourages managers to accurately manage and control their capital expenditure.
By providing powerful reporting and analysis, managers can take control of their budgets.
The purpose of this paper is to investigate capital budgeting decision under Galaxy Science Centre
(GSC), which is non–profit organization. The need for such an analysis emerges from the case that
only provides general information concerning the impact of capital budgeting decisions in the
presence of strategic interactions among GSC. We are facing significant problems in different
conditions, then through all given figures to make the best recommendations fro GSC.
Five issues will be told in this report. The first issue ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In our case, we are calculating the total amount of payment, a lower PV option must be chosen. This
means the option is relatively cheaper than another project.
According to our calculation, we find out that option 2 has a PV of $410.4.46, which is lower than
option 1. As a result, we recommend that GSC should lease the computer system.
Issue 3
In the first year, GSC will receive a one–time grant of 1 million, and it may not cover the annual
operating cost. In order to breakeven, we will set up a fair admission price basis on the market study
and cost analysis.
Total Number of Admissions Mean of Admissions Probability Expected Admissions
(Mean x Probability)
950,000–1,050,000 1,000,000 0.1 100,000
1,050,001–1,150,000 1,100,000 0.25 275,000
1,150,001–1,250,000 1,200,000 0.4 480,000
1,250,001–1,350,000 1,300,000 0.15 195,000
1,350,001–1,450,000 1,400,000 0.1 140,000 Total 1,190,000
Expected number of admissions excluded preschool children and seniors 1,190,000 x 80% =
952,000 people
From the above table, we determined that the expected number of admission in the first year is

The Importance Of Greed And The Love Of Money
Throughout life often times individuals hear about the love of money and money being the root of
all evil. However, many question or may not understand the complete scripture. In life we often time
deals with greed, within the workplace, families, and even organizations in which individuals work
in daily. Individuals must understand exactly what the love of money is. Often times individual hear
money makes the world go around and love makes people do crazy things. In this paper, individuals
will see the importance of the love of money and how the scripture characterized the love of money.
Also, individuals will be able to see what greed is and how greed can affect individual's lives. Greed
and the love of money are what causes things to downfall.
Money is a daily topic that individuals wish and want more of on a daily basis. Money is some
individual's way out in their mindset. Money is powerful in their minds. The Bible teaches that
money can be the root of all evil. Deuteronomy 15:6 "For the LORD thy God blesseth thee, as he
promised thee: and thou shalt lend unto many nations, but thou shalt not borrow, and thou shalt
reign over many nations, but they shall not reign over thee." When God blesses you as he promised
to bless you through the blessings he has bestowed upon you then you will be able to lead and bless
other nations, but as a lender, you will not borrow, and God will bless you to rule over many but
they will not rule over you. Psalm 37: 21 "The wicked

Valuing Project Achieve Essay
Introduction After years as a teacher and principal frustrated by the inability to effectively track
school and student progress, Stacey Boyd and HBS classmate Mandy Lee founded Project Achieve,
an information management system for schools. In a quickly changing industry with fast–moving
competitors, Project Achieve aimed to use leading–edge technology to reduce the workload of
teachers and administrators while simultaneously keeping parents and students aware of
performance. In an attempt to raise capital from an array of investors, Boyd needed to assess the
firm's value before moving forward. _Project Achieve's Competitive Advantage_ Project Achieve
hopes to differentiate itself from its competitors via its emphasis on a ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
We assumed an asset beta of 1.15 (the median asset beta of the three comparable companies) and a
debt beta of 0 (with no interest bearing debt) for Project Achieve. Using the 30–year treasury rate
(5.94%) as the risk–free rate because of Project Achieve's expected life and a historical 7.0% market
risk premium, we calculated Project Achieve's discount rate at 14.0%. This discount rate values
Achieve as a public company, comparable to its public counterparts. As a non–public start–up,
however, Project Achieve is far more risky than the more established comparables discussed above.
Thus, we added a 5% start–up risk premium to reach an appropriate 19% discount rate for the
valuation of Project Achieve. (See Exhibit #1) Valuing Project Achieve In order to forecast the value
provided by each customer type to Project Achieve, we must first identify the breakdown of
customers based on the probabilities given in the case, and then forecast the cash flows associated
with each type of customer. To determine the probability of a generic targeted school falling into any
customer category, we created a decision tree. (Exhibit #2) Per our analysis, there are five end user
states – perpetual Achieve Express users, two–year users of Achieve Express, perpetual users of
Achieve Express and Achieve Logic, two–year users of Achieve Express and Achieve Logic, and
targeted schools that didn't respond – all with varying

4541 Answer Key Midterm W13
AK/ADMS 4541 Advanced Corporate Finance
Winter 2013
Mid–Term Exam Answer Key
Question 1 (35 marks)
a.)
b.)
(8 marks)
(4 marks)
Calculating the EOQ.
EOQ =
SQRT(2 * F * T / H) = (2 * 80 * 200,000 / 1.00)0.5
EOQ =
5,656.85 kg
(4 marks)
Calculating the EOQ savings.
Total cost = (F * T/Q) + (H * Q / 2) = (80 * 200,000 / 10,000) + (1.00 * 10,000/2)
Total Cost @10,000 kg =
$6,600
Total Cost EOQ = (F * T / Q) + (H * Q / 2) where Q = 5,656.85 kg
= (80 * 200,000 / 5,656.85) + (1.00 * 5,656.85 / 2) = $5,656.85
Savings with EOQ = $943.15
= $6,600 – $5,656.85 per planning period
(10 marks) Try Q (actually, EOQ) = 5,656.85 kg.
Then total cost = order costs + holding costs + purchase costs
= (80)(200,000) / 5,656.85 + (1.00)(5,656.85) / 2 + ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Note: Using compound interest here is acceptable:
PVDC = –96,470.09
PVDisney = –97,298.19
Question 3 (35 marks)
a.)
Proposed

Terms (E)
$2,750,000
$7,534.25
Sales per 365–day year
Sales per day, S
Sales growth rate, g
–7.27%
Up–front Variable Cost Ratio (VCR)
70.00%
Collection expenses (EXP) at DSO
1.45%
Bad debt expense ratio, b , at DSO
7.00%
Discount percent, d
0
Discount period, days
0
Proportion taking discount, p
0
Non–discount period, days
56
k = company 's annual nominal cost of capital
15%
i = daily cost of capital
15% / 365 =
Current
Terms (N)
$2,550,000
$6,986.30
70.00%
1.25%
7.00%
0
0
0
56
4.1096%
Note: an annual nominal cost of 15% compounded daily implies an annual effective cost of { [ (1 +
.15/365)^365 ] – 1 } * 100 = 16.18% per year.
Cashflow timeline under proposed terms (11 marks)
Proposed Terms
In terms of the Zn formula
1st term

PV from discount period
$0.00
no discount period
2nd term
PV from credit period $6,849.22 = 7,534.25*(1–0.07)/(1+ i*56)
3rd term
4th term
PV variable costs
PV credit expenses
($5,273.97) = 70%*$7534.25
($106.79) = 1.45% *7534.25/(1+ i*56)
Zn
=$1,468.46 = NPV per day of proposed terms
Cashflow timeline under current terms
(11 marks)
In terms of the Ze formula
Current Terms
1st term
PV from discount period
$0.00
no discount period
2nd term
PV from credit

Case02 Piedmont
1. How will discount rates of 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 percent affect the project's feasibility?
Figures 6 – 10 provide suggested answers for this question. The answers for this question assume a
useful life of 5 years. Using a discount rate of 8 percent, the net present value of all benefits is
$1,732,836.16; the net present value of all costs is $1,640,384.79; the overall net present value is
$92,451.36, and the project breaks even in approximately 3.84 years.
Using a 10 percent discount rate, the net present value of all benefits is $1,645,201.46; the net
present value of all costs is $1,576,173.19; the overall net present value is $69,028.27, and the
project breaks even in approximately 4.04 years.
Using a 12 percent discount rate, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hopefully, your students will suggest that additional factors should be considered. These factors
include scheduling, strategic alignment, operational objectives, government regulations, and
potential benefits. If we base our decision solely on the information from the table, it appears that
the custom order tracking system has the second highest IRR. (See Figure 13 for the IRR value.)
he answer.
Test Your Design Solutions
The Test Your Design section requires students to modify their worksheet design and then use the
modified worksheet to provide Ms. Pablo with answers. Suggested answers for the Test Your Design
questions are provided below.
1. What recommendations would you make if the useful life of the project is three years instead of
five years? Six years? (Use the original case values and assume a discount rate of 14 percent.)
Figure 14 shows the modified Economic Feasibility Summary worksheet. Using a 14 percent
discount rate, it appears that the project breaks even in approximately 4.54 years. At first glance, the
students may recommend that the project is not feasible, if its useful life is only three years. As the
project is in its planning phase, the project team has not identified all benefits and costs. Arguably,
this project is still viable, especially if the team emphasizes the custom order tracking system's
intangible benefits, such as customer service and employee morale.

In terms of six years, the net present value of all benefits is

Kristen's Cookies Company
Process Flow Diagram
Case Questions
1. How long will it take you to fill a rush order?
Time taken to fill a rush order = MLT = 6 + 2 + 10 + 5 + 2 + 1 = 26 minutes
2. How many orders can you fill in a night, assuming you are open four hours each night?
4 hours per each night = 4 hours * 60 minutes = 240 minutes
Cycle Time = The Duration of the bottleneck = (Setting thermostat and Timer) + (Baking Cookies)
= 1 minute + 9 minute = 10 minutes
Maximum no of orders we can fill in a night = (No of minutes per night–Duration of First Setup) /
Cycle Time + 1 = ((240 – 26) / 10) + 1 = 22.4 orders ~ 22 orders
Explanation: This is because the first order takes 26 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, is there a bottleneck operation in your production process that you can expand
cheaply? What is the effect of adding another oven? How much would you be willing to pay to rent
an additional oven?
Assuming
1 order, only 1 dozen cookie
Second order comes in while person is making first batch
Assuming that we add another oven, the cycle time of the ovens would be 5 minutes. The new
bottleneck for the entire process would now be that of mixing the ingredients and dishing the
cookies onto the tray, a process which takes 8 minutes for 1 batch of cookies.
New cycle time = 8 minutes
Maximum no of orders we can fill in a night = (No of minutes per night–Duration of First Setup) /
Cycle Time + 1 = ((240 – 26) / 8) + 1 = 27.75 orders ~ 27 orders

Therefore, we would only be willing to pay at the most, (27–22) orders worth of rent, which = 5 *
(2.00 + 0.70) = $13.50 per day.
Problems for further thought
1. What happens if you are trying to do this by yourself without a roommate?
Looking at the diagram, from time (23 to 25), I will be involved in the packing of cookies for the
first batch. However, I will also be involved in the mixing of ingredients for the third batch. It is not
possible for me to be able to do two jobs at the same time; therefore either the third batch of cookies
will be delayed or the

Kohl's Coupon Case Study
Kohl's Coupon January 17 2017 To See Rate Difference Pop off worries that might be holding you
back and get accomplishments of clothing items you sincerely require. Put forward and have
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off one's mouth and say things you are confident of trade on store to get attainments. Mouth off and
make perfection which is guaranteed to have resentful discount store denotation with realizations.
Accept buys online and guarantee using web store discount use to seek with ascriptions on store.
Trade with discount store means to ascertain on web having conformance which gets discounts to
you. Stand up for points you are ready to acquire and buy from an online store

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